主题素养练案(10)（练习word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广州高三调研)Our planet quakes thousands of times a year，but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' odd behaviors could warn us? Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre­packed abnormal animal behaviors, but more were just anecdotes．Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.On October 13, 1989, he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later，the Loma Prieta earthquake hit！But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate. Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection.California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel­running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment show? Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project.The project tracks many small animal species such as birds，bats and turtles for the purpose of scientific research.One group of researchers are looking for possible connections between animal behaviors and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety. However, not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some “cool things”，but she knows animal behaviors are hard to pin down.“My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，”she says.“But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。人类无法准确预测地震，但是动物奇怪的行为是否可以在某种程度上反映地震的发生呢？ 1．What does the underlined word “anecdotes” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Real­life news stories. B．Random individual studies. C．Repeated scientific reports. D．Unproved personal accounts. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but和下文Berkland的例子可知，虽有几百份的异常行为报告，但很多都是未经证实的，故选D项。 2．Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community? A．He used unreliable data from newspaper ads. B．His document wasn't consistent with his theory. C．His study didn't include enough animal samples. D．He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory...measure his accuracy rate”可知，他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率，故D项正确。 3．What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project? A．To provide accurate pre­quake warnings. B．To develop an app for people to call for help during quakes. C．To seek worldwide cooperation in quake prediction. D．To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety”可知，该项目的最终目标是提前预警地震，给人们足够多的时间到达安全地带，故A项正确。 4．What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据第五段中的“However, not everyone is hopeful...hard to pin down”可知，Wendy Bohon认为动物的行为很难确定，故其对ICARUS项目持怀疑态度，所以B项正确。 B (2024·云南高中毕业生统一检测)In about 23 years, it may finally be time to look up.A recently discovered asteroid (小行星) has a chance of hitting the earth on Valentines Day in 2046.It was discovered on Feb.26 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama，Chile. While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) says people shouldn't be worried. The asteroid has an estimated diameter of around 160 feet, which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field. “We've been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the earth.Often when new objects are discovered，it takes several weeks' data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their orbits years into the future，”NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office(PDCO) said. The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat.The scale is a tool to categorize potential earth impacts, with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster.One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone. “Current calculations show the chance of collision (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，”NASA says of the green zone.“New telescopic observations will very likely lead to re­assignment to Level 0.” Although 2023 DW doesn't pose a great risk to the earth, NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disasters. In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft，or DART into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock.NASA later confirmed the mission was a success, and is continuing to research how effective the method is, should a massive asteroid be headed our way. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。 5．What does NASA's PDCO say about 2023 DW? A．It is too close to the earth. B．It must be destroyed in space. C．Its orbit is still uncertain now. D．Its orbit should be changed. 解析：选C。细节判断题。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023 DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为 2023 DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定，故选C。 6．How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale? A．As Level zero threat. B．As Level ten threat. C．In the normal zone. D．In the threatening zone. 解析：选C。细节判断题。根据第五段中的“The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat”和“One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone”可知，2023 DW小行星在杜林危险指数中被列为1级威胁，且杜林危险指数中的1表示2023 DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023 DW在杜林危险指数中被列入正常区域，故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph? A．Size. B．Weight. C．Angle. D．Path. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”，故选D。句意：美国国家航空航天局将双小行星重定向测试航天器(DART)撞向一颗小行星，以观察它是否能改变太空岩石的轨道。 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile B．An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way，Unlikely to Hit Us C．A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth D．A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently 解析：选B。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·湖南高三质量监测一)Cruz Genet，11, and Anthony Skopick，10, couldn't agree.Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? So on a __1__ January evening in 2023, the two friends ventured onto the __2__ pond near their homes, to get a better look.First they tossed a rock onto the ice to __3__ it.Then they stepped on it.__4__ the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps, then...FOOMP.He crashed through the __5__ frozen surface.“There was no sound, no crack，” he recalled.“I just fell through instantly.” Cruz __6__ to help his panicked friend.FOOMP—he __7__ into the pond too. The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs.Any chance of __8__ themselves was slipping away.Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony's older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started screaming for help. John Lavin, a __9__ driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.He quickly __10__．Seeing the boys，he grabbed a nearby life buoy(救生圈), __11__ off his shoes, and ran into the slushy (融雪覆盖的) water，chopping his way through the ice with his free __12__． Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and hauled (拉) them back to land.They were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five­minute __13__ in the water had lowered their body __14__ nearly ten degrees. Fortunately，the boys have fully recovered, though they are still a little awestruck by their __15__ neighbor.“Just to think，”says Cruz，“if he wasn't there, I could have died.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文讲述了两位男孩不小心跌入冰窟窿，一位邻居见义勇为，两个男孩最终获救的故事。 1． A．beautiful B．cold C．quiet D．dark 解析：选B。根据上文中的“Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese？”和下文onto the ice可知，此处表示是在2023年1月的一个寒冷的夜晚。cold意为“寒冷的”，符合语境。 2． A．big B．shallow C．muddy D．frozen 解析：选D。根据下文中的“First they tossed a rock onto the ice”可知，池塘是结冰的。frozen意为“结冰的”，符合语境。 3． A．break B．test C．drop D．abandon 解析：选B。根据下文中的“Then they stepped on it.”及常识可知，孩子们首先往冰上扔石头来测试冰是否结实，然后再踩上去。test 意为“测试”，符合语境。 4． A．Convinced B．Informed C．Warned D．Told 解析：选A。根据下文中的“Anthony took a few steps, then...”可知，此处表示安东尼确信冰块能承受住他们的重量，所以他走了几步。convince意为“使信服，使确信”，符合语境。 5． A．quickly B．seemingly C．simply D．normally 解析：选B。根据下文中的“I just fell through instantly.”可知，安东尼后来掉进了冰窟窿里，所以冰面看似冻得硬邦邦的，实际并没有真的冻结实。seemingly意为“看似；表面上”，符合语境。 6． A．rushed B．managed C．decided D．moved 解析：选A。根据上文及下文中的“to help his panicked friend”可知，安东尼掉进了冰窟窿里，因此他的朋友克鲁兹急忙地冲过去救助他。rush 意为“冲，奔”，符合语境。 7． A．dominated B．jumped C．floated D．sank 解析：选D。根据下文中的into the pond too可知，克鲁兹在冲过去救助朋友安东尼时，不小心也沉进池塘里。sink意为“下沉”，符合语境。 8． A．grasping B．freeing C．recovering D．spotting 解析：选B。根据上文中的“I just fell through instantly.”“...into the pond too.”可知，两个男孩都掉进了冰水中，再根据下文中的“Cruz was sure he was going to die.”可知，此处表示对于被困的他们来说任何获救的机会都在眼前消失，以至于克鲁兹觉得自己会死掉。free意为“解救”，符合语境。 9． A．seaman B．police C．neighbor D．relative 解析：选C。根据下文中的“though they are still a little awestruck by their __15__ neighbor”可知，约翰·拉文是两个男孩的邻居。neighbor意为“邻居”，符合语境。 10．A．pulled over B．went through C．took on D．made up 解析：选A。根据上文中的“John Lavin, a __9__ driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.”可知，当时约翰·拉文正开车去杂货店。故此处表示他赶紧靠边停车去救助两个男孩。pull over 意为“靠边停车”，符合语境。 11．A．put B．got C．cut D．kicked 解析：选D。根据语境和常识可知，此处表示因为着急救人，所以拉文迅速踢掉鞋子跳进水中。kick 意为“踢”，kick off意为“踢掉”，符合语境。 12．A．foot B．mouth C．fist D．leg 解析：选C。根据上文中的“chopping his way through the ice”及常识可知，此处表示约翰·拉文空手握拳劈开一条路去营救两个男孩。fist 意为“拳头”，符合语境。 13．A．stay B．attempt C．battle D．performance 解析：选A。根据语境可知，安东尼和克鲁兹从掉进冰水中到被约翰·拉文救出来中间在冰水中停留了大约5分钟。stay意为“停留”，符合语境。 14．A．position B．weight C．temperature D．mass 解析：选C。根据下文中的nearly ten degrees可知，由于在冰水中停留了5分钟，安东尼和克鲁兹的身体温度下降了将近10度。temperature意为“温度”，符合语境。 15．A．graceful B．demanding C．fearless D．honest 解析：选C。根据上文中的“Seeing the boys，he grabbed a nearby life buoy(救生圈), __11__ off his shoes, and ran into the slushy (融雪覆盖的) water，chopping his way through the ice...”可知，邻居约翰·拉文在看到两个男孩掉进水中之后，立即进行营救，同时用拳头劈出了一条路，由此可知，他是非常英勇无畏的。fearless意为“无畏的，英勇的”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China's 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition team is now working in the Chukchi Sea.During the roughly 80­day journey, the crew will have about 40 days 1.____________ (carry) out scientific research. The expedition this time 2.____________ (focus) on the changes in ecosystem against the rapid changes in the Arctic with four major tasks, 3.____________ include the investigation of the ecological environment of the Pacific sector in the central Arctic Ocean, the comprehensive survey of sea ice and the geology and geophysics of the Gakkel Ridge (山脊), as well as research on circulation 4.____________ sea ice. It is the second time that a survey 5.________ (conduct) on the Gakkel Ridge, a mid­ocean ridge 6.____________ (stretch) about 1，800 kilometers in the Arctic.“The Gakkel Ridge, a new volcanic ridge, is the Earth's slowest­spreading mid­ocean ridge, which is vital in studying the 7.____________ (expand) of global plates，” said Wang Jinhui, leader of the scientific expedition team. A survey of aerosols (气溶胶) in the Arctic is also 8.____________ the way.“The special conditions in the area, such as the change of sea ice cover and density and the change of local species, are the influencing factors that may 9.____________ (significant) affect the generation and emission of aerosols，” said a member of the scientific expedition team. “Polar scientific research is an 10.____________ (importance) field for mankind to understand the mysteries of nature and explore new spaces for development，” said Wang. [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。中国第13批北冰洋科学考察队目前正在楚科奇海工作。在大约80天的旅程中，船员将有大约40天的时间进行科学研究。此次考察以北极快速变化下的生态系统变化为重点，开展了北冰洋中部太平洋段生态环境调查、海冰综合调查和加克尔海脊地质与地球物理调查、环流与海冰研究四项主要任务。 1．解析：to carry。考查非谓语动词。句意：在大约80天的旅程中，船员们将有大约 40天的时间进行科学研究。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用不定式，作后置定语。故填to carry。 2．解析：focuses。考查动词时态。句意：此次考察以北极快速变化下的生态系统变化为重点，开展了北冰洋中部太平洋段生态环境调查、海冰综合调查和加克尔海脊地质与地球物理调查、环流与海冰研究等四项主要任务。此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The expedition，谓语用三单形式。故填focuses。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上题。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tasks，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which。故填which。 4．解析：and。考查连词。句意见2题。连接两个并列名词要使用并列连词and。故填and。 5．解析：has been conducted。考查时态语态。句意：这是第二次对位于北极、绵延1800公里的洋中脊加克尔海脊进行调查。此句是固定句式“it is the first/second...time＋that＋现在完成时”，意为“是……第几次做某事了”。可知，此处要用现在完成时，且主语survey与谓语构成被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been conducted。 6．解析：stretching。考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知，stretch与逻辑主语ridge为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。 7．解析：expansion。考查名词。句意：科考队队长王金辉说：“加克尔脊是一个新的火山脊，是地球上扩张最慢的洋中脊，对研究全球板块的扩张至关重要。”此处作动词studying的宾语，应用名词expansion，不可数。故填expansion。 8．解析：on。考查介词。句意：对北极气溶胶的调查也在进行中。此处为短语on the way意为“正在进行中”。故填on。 9．解析：significantly。考查副词。句意：科考队成员说：“该地区的特殊条件，如海冰覆盖和密度的变化以及当地物种的变化，是可能显著影响气溶胶产生和排放的因素。”此处修饰动词affect，应用副词significantly，作状语。故填significantly。 10．解析：important。考查形容词。句意：他说：“极地科学研究是人类了解自然奥秘、探索发展新空间的重要领域。”此处修饰名词field，应用形容词important，作定语。故填important。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 abnormal adj.不正常的，异常的；畸形的　document n．文件；文档 v．记录　random adj.随机的；奇怪的；任意的　habitat n．(动植物的)栖息地；生活环境 B篇 chance n．可能性　diameter n．直径　track vt.跟踪　adequately adv.充分地　rank v．把……分等级　potential adj.潜在的，可能的　observation n．观察　pose vt.造成 词缀 变形 A篇 repeatable adj.可重复→repeat v．重复→repeated adj.重复的→repeatedly adv.重复地→repetition n．重复　accuracy n．精确，准确→accurate adj.精确的；准确的　scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的→science n．科学；技术　experimentation n．实验，试验；实验法→experiment n．实验；试用 v．做实验；尝试 B篇 estimated adj.估计的，预计的→estimate n．估计，预测 vt.估计，估算　width n．宽度；广度；宽阔→wide adj.宽的；广泛的　uncertainty n．无把握，不确定→certainty n．确定；必然性→certain adj.肯定的；无疑的　categorize vt.把……归类，把……分门别类→category n．种类；类别　re­assignment n．再分配，再赋值，重赋值→assign v．指派(任务)；给予 核心 短语 A篇 pin down 弄明确　work on 从事于…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$