Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．core 　　　　 　 adj.核心的，最重要的 n．核心，最重要的部分 2．substantial adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的 3．embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱 4．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 5．barely adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才 (近义：hardly adv.几乎不) 6．decent adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的 7．superb adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的 8．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 9．virtue n．美德；正直的品性；优点 10．integrity n．诚实正直；完整，完好(近义：honesty n．诚实) (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．keen adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于；喜爱； 对(……)着迷，有兴趣 2．arrest vt.逮捕，拘捕；吸引(注意)；中止；阻止 n.逮捕；拘捕；停止；中止 3．wire vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源) n．金属丝；电线；铁丝网 4．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 5．quote n．引语，原话 vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．a worthwhile career　　　　　　　　 一项值得从事的事业 2．at least two or three inches 至少两三英寸 3．outline the history of his career 概述他的职业生涯 4．relieve the burden of the family 减轻家庭的负担 5．resign from my present job 辞去我现在的工作 6．forgive me for interrupting you 请原谅我打断了你 7．be cheated by false information 被虚假信息欺骗 8．tear off the wrapping paper 撕下包装纸 9．bow gracefully to the audience 优雅地向观众鞠躬 10．after a brief pause 短暂的停顿之后 11．pretend to be doing her homework 假装在做她的家庭作业 12．It's a great privilege to know you. 很荣幸能认识你。 13．meet deadlines for your schoolwork 在最后期限前完成你的学业 14．an electrical fault 电路故障 拓展词汇 1.appoint v．任命；委任→appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appointed adj.指定的，约定的 2．rely v．依赖，依靠；信赖，信任→reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的 3．bless vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福→blessing n．幸事，幸运；赞同 4．suspect v．疑有，觉得；认为 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspicion n．怀疑；疑心→suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的 5．crime n．罪恶，罪行→criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 6．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的→innocence n．清白，无辜；无罪；天真，纯真 7．legal adj.合法的；法律的→legally adv.合法地；法律上→illegal adj.不合法的 8．social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会→socialist adj.社会主义的 n．社会主义者→socialism n．社会主义 9．shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；让人遗憾的事→ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 10．disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 11．mercy n．仁慈，宽恕→merciful adj.仁慈的；宽大的 12．guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导→guidance n．指导；导航 13．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点→faulty adj.有错误的，有缺陷的；出故障的　　　 重点短语 1．tear down　　　　　　　 　 拆毁，拆除(同义：pull/take down) 2．make one's fortune 发财(同义：seek one's fortune) 3．lose contact 失去联系(反义：get in touch 取得联系) 4．arm in arm 臂挽着臂(联想：hand in hand手牵手) 5．under arrest 被逮捕 6．at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置；对……无能为力 7．weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 8．on the beat 在巡逻中 9．turn up 出现，到场；卷起；调高(反义：turn down 调低) 10．pull out 离开，撤离；拔出 11．to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 12．make a difference 有影响，有关系(点拨：后接介词to，表示 “对……起作用/产生影响”) 13．in store 贮藏着；等待着；将要发生 单元佳句 1．In the doorway of a store stood a man，with an unlit cigar in his mouth.(全部倒装) 2．Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.(no matter what引导让步状语从句) 3.Honoured guests，teachers and students，it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.(it作形式主语) 4．Always give your best in whatever you set out to do，however difficult that might be.(疑问词­ever引导从句) 5．Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．一个男人站在一家店门口，嘴里叼着一支未点燃的雪茄。 2．那天晚上我们约定，从那日那刻起，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。 3．尊敬的来宾、老师们、同学们，今天我很高兴，也很荣幸地欢迎你们来到这里，并在这个特别的场合发表我的看法。 4．无论你们开始做什么，无论多么困难，都要全力以赴。 5．今天播下成功的种子，明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。 词汇语境串记 　　There is a man who is a socialist, and he has a nephew who used to be keen on making his fortune to relieve his family of financial burden．At first，he worked at a mineral water factory.However，the bonus there was discouraging and his income barely supported his family.Therefore，he resigned．Since then this man has lost contact with him. Two years later，this man was informed that his nephew was suspected of being involved in a diamond and jade theft.Hearing the disappointing news，the man was ashamed and determined that he would send him to prison without mercy．It was just two months later that the suspect made an appointment with his uncle secretly.On seeing his nephew, the man tried to persuade him to acknowledge his criminal conduct.Watching the wrinkles on his uncle's face，the young man felt guilty about his illegal acts and admitted his fault．His uncle likewise forgave and embraced him.In the end，they went to the police station arm in arm． [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 有一个人是社会主义者，他有一个侄子曾经热衷于发财来减轻家庭的经济负担。起初，他在一家矿泉水厂工作。然而，那里的奖金令人沮丧，他的收入几乎无法养活他的家庭。因此，他辞职了。从那以后，这个人就与他失去了联系。 两年后，这个人被告知，他的侄子涉嫌盗窃钻石和玉石。听到这个令人失望的消息，这个人感到羞愧，决定毫不留情地把他送进监狱。仅仅两个月后，嫌疑人就秘密约了他叔叔见面。这个人一见到他的侄子，就试图说服他承认自己的犯罪行为。看着他叔叔脸上的皱纹，这个年轻人对自己的违法行为感到内疚，并承认了自己的过错。他的叔叔也同样原谅并拥抱了他。最后，他们胳膊挽着胳膊去了警察局。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空1.5分，满分30分) 1．keen　 　　 adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于 2．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的 3．bless vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福 4．suspect vt.& vi.疑有，觉得 n．犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 5．arrest n．& vt.逮捕，拘捕 6．criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 7．principle n．道德原则；法则；信条 8．burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担 9．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去 10．forgive vt.& vi.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) 11．cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊，舞弊 12．wrinkle n．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕 vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起 13．pause vi.停顿，暂停 n．停顿，停顿的时间 14．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮；扮作；自诩，自认为 15．privilege n．荣幸；特殊利益 vt.给予特权，特别优待 16．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 17．fault n．过错，责任；弱点，缺点 18．sow vt.& vi.播种，种 19．harvest n．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 20．quote n．引语，原话 vt.& vi.引用，引述；举例说明 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．make one's fortune　　 发财 2．lose contact 失去联系 3．arm in arm 臂挽着臂 4．under arrest 被逮捕 5．at the mercy of sb/sth 任……处置；对……无能为力 6．turn up 出现，到场；卷起；调高 7．pull out 离开，撤离；拔出 8．to one's disappointment 令某人感到失望的是 9．make a difference 有影响，有关系 10．in store 贮藏着；等待着；将要发生 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分24分) 1．Anyone who doubted his innocence (innocent) was wrong. 2．We rely heavily on computers to organize our work in modern society (social)． 3．My friend is a reliable (rely) person, and you can rely on it that he will give you a hand. 4．All the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty (guilt)． 5．Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center, but she failed to keep the appointment (appoint), so I was very angry. 6．They provide an environment where you can practice under the guidance (guide) of someone who's good at the language. 7．These crimes were committed largely by professional criminals．All citizens should help the police in tracking the criminals down.(crime) 8．I was disappointed with my son's performance, so I had a quarrel with him.To my great disappointment, he should blame me rather than himself for his bad result.His behaviour was really disappointing．(disappoint) Ⅳ.句式仿写(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 1．句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。(申请信) Give me a chance，and I'll give you a wonderful surprise． 2．句型公式：no matter what引导让步状语从句 你要记住，不管世界变成什么样，你都要善良。 You have to remember that no matter what the world turns out to be，you have to be kind. 3．句型公式：全部倒装 以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。(建议信) Here are three suggestions on how to keep a balance between a part­time job and study. 1．appointment n．约会；约定，预约；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派→appointed adj.约定的；指定的 ·appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ·make an appointment with sb 与某人约会 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Then, I drove to the appointed (appoint) place，my father was sitting in a corner, waiting patiently. (2)得知他被任命为队长后，他无法克制激动的心情，手舞足蹈地进了家门。(动作和情感描写) Learning he was appointed as head of the team, he couldn't contain his excitement and danced into the house. (3)既然你已经和朋友约好了，你就应该守约。 Now that you have made an appointment with your friend, you should keep the appointment． 2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事 suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Suspected (suspect) of being a spy，the stranger is being questioned by the police. (2)我非常伤心，因为他怀疑我偷了他的钱。 I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected of stealing his money． (3)这名中年男子因与受害人发生冲突而被怀疑是凶手。 The middle­aged man was suspected to be a murderer because he had a conflict with the victim. 【名师点拨】 　与“suspect sb of sth”结构类似的动词短语还有： ①remind sb of sth提醒某人某事　　　　　　②inform sb of sth告知某人某事 ③cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 ④accuse sb of sth指责/指控某人某事 ⑤convince sb of sth劝服某人相信某事 3．arrest vt.逮捕，拘捕；吸引(注意)；中止；阻止 n．逮捕；拘捕；停止；中止 ·arrest one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 ·under arrest 被逮捕 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)We heard that the driver of the car，who was responsible for the accident，had been under arrest. (2)刚开始，正是它独特的设计和美丽的图片吸引了我的注意。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) At the beginning，it was its unique design and beautiful pictures that arrested my attention． 4．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 ·be/feel ashamed of... 为……而感到羞耻 be ashamed to do sth 羞于/耻于做某事 ·It's a shame that... ……真让人遗憾。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)他又羞愧又害怕，不敢走进房子。 Ashamed and frightened, he dared not step into the house. (2)听到其他学生互相窃窃私语，乔伊斯羞红了脸。 Hearing other students whispering to each other, Joyce's face flushed with shame． (3)她为自己在考试中作弊感到羞愧万分，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。(心理描写) She felt ashamed of having cheated in the exam and tears ran down her cheeks. 5．forgive vt.& vi.原谅；宽恕；免除(债务)→forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕 forgive sb sth forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive sb's doing sth forgive and forget 摒弃前嫌 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)宽恕让你从过去的负担中解脱出来。 Forgiveness frees you from burdens of the past. (2)我真诚地希望你能够原谅我所做的事。(道歉信) I sincerely hope that you can forgive me for what I did. 6．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 ·be disappointed at/with/by... 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that... 对……失望 ·to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 【多维训练】　写作迁移 让我失望的是，只有18%的学生选择通过读书来学习。 ①To my disappointment，only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books.(disappointment n．) ②What disappoints me is that only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books.(disappoint v．) ③Only 18% of the students choose to learn through reading books, which makes me disappointed．(disappointed adj.) 7．pretend vt.& vi.假装；装扮 to be＋n./adj. 假装是…… to do sth 假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 to have done sth 假装已经做过某事 that... 假装…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do (do) things that are impossible. (2)To ease my embarrassment，I pretended to be reading (read) when my mother entered. (3)当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向同学们或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。(2020·天津7月卷) When I am faced with difficulties in learning, I won't pretend to have known it, but turn to my classmates or teachers. 8．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权；特别优待；荣幸 v．给予特权；特别优待→privileged adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的 ·It is a privilege to do sth 做某事是一种殊荣。 have the privilege to do/of doing sth 有特权做某事 ·be privileged to do sth 有幸做某事 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)We all know that nurses and doctors have the privilege to enter (enter) the ward freely. (2)到我发言的时候了。我站在麦克风前，说道：“能接受这个奖是我的荣幸。”(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) ①It's my turn to make a speech.I stood in front of the mic and said, “I feel privileged to receive the award．”(privileged) ②It's my turn to make a speech.I stood in front of the mic and said, “It's a great privilege for me to receive the award．”(privilege) 9．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的 ·show mercy to 对……怜悯/宽恕 have mercy on/upon 对……怜悯/宽恕 without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地 at the mercy of... 任由……摆布；对……无能为力 ·be merciful to 对……仁慈 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)如果我们继续毫不留情地杀死野生动物，自然迟早会反抗人类。 If we continue killing wild animals without mercy，sooner or later，nature will rebel against mankind. (2)尽管梅瑞狄斯一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，只要有可能，他们总是愿意伸出援助之手。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Although the Merediths weren't well off，they showed mercy to/ had mercy on the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible. 10．tear down 拆毁；拆除 tear off 撕掉，扯下 tear up 撕碎；撕毁 tear apart 扯开，拆散，使分裂；使粉碎 tear sth to/into pieces 把……撕成碎片 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)那年轻人又生气又心碎，把信撕成了碎片。(动作描写) Angry and heartbroken，the young man tore the letter to/ into pieces． (2)她尖叫着，抓起桌子上的画，将其撕得粉碎。(动作链) She screamed，grabbed the painting on the table and tore it apart． (3)使我们松了一口气的是，直升机在熊拆毁篱笆之前就到了。(2020·浙江7月卷) To our relief，the helicopter arrived before the bear tore down the fence． 11．arm in arm 臂挽着臂 hand in hand 手拉手 face to face 面对面 back to back 背靠背 shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩 eyes to eyes 四目相对 heart to heart 心贴心 step by step 一步一步地 【多维训练】　用“n.＋介词＋n.”型短语填空 ①There were two children ahead，walking hand in hand/ side by side/ shoulder to shoulder． ②Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness.(场景描写) ③Guilty and ashamed，he came into his teacher's office to beg for his forgiveness face to face．(心理描写) 12．祈使句＋and＋陈述句 ·“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 ·“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。 ·“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。 (教材原句)Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子，明天你将会拥有丰厚的收获。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)在我看来，选择出国留学，你将开始一种新的生活。 As far as I'm concerned，choose to study abroad and you'll start a new life． (2)听从老师的建议，否则你考试就会不及格。 Follow your teacher's advice，or/ otherwise you will fail the exam. 1.So ashamed was I that I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart，tears clouding my eyes.(羞愧心理描写) 2．She was a kind­hearted woman and often showed mercy to people who were in trouble.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) 3．Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes for you. 4．It is a privilege for me/I feel privileged to stand here to deliver a speech on being smart online learners.(演讲稿) 5．Follow the suggestions above，and you will get your written English improved.(建议信) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．我是如此羞愧，以至于我感觉心如刀绞，眼泪模糊了我的双眼。 2．她是一个心地善良的女人，常常怜悯那些陷入困境的人。 3．请原谅我耽搁了您这么多时间，请接受我对您最美好的祝愿。 4．我很荣幸能站在这里发表关于成为聪明的在线学习者的演讲。 5．听从以上建议，你的书面英语水平将得到提高。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Elizabeth wants to buy not a skirt but a dress. 2．This idea is well worth considering (consider)． 3．I will never forgive you for what you said to me last night. 4．I left early because I had an appointment (appoint) later that day. 5．John is very reliable (rely)—if he promises to do something he'll do it. 6．The old lady wrapped the package in brown paper and tied it with string. 7．Simon was highly self­critical and also found fault with his friends. 8．Neither the experts nor the physician is (be) sure about the cure for the disease. 9．For various reasons, Paul resigned as a member of the committee. 10．In most people's eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal (crime)． 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中keen的词性及含义 A.adj.热切，热衷于　B．adj.喜爱；对(……)着迷，有兴趣　C．adj.灵敏的；敏锐的 ①As is known to all，dogs have a keen sense of smell.__C__ ②Given that you are keen on the Chinese traditional festival，Dragon Boat Festival，I am writing to introduce it to you in detail.__B__ ③Hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey because they are keen to see rare birds at the destination.__A__ 2．选出句中wrap的词性及含义 A.vt.裹，包　B．vt.用……缠绕(或围紧)　C．n.包裹材料 ①It was cold yesterday.He wrapped a scarf around his neck.__B__ ②I'd like to wrap Christmas presents in pretty paper.__A__ ③We stock a wide range of cards and gift wrap.__C__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①Energy experts predict that limited resources on the earth are running out，which arrests many people's attention.vt.吸引(注意) ②He wrinkled his forehead，confused and worried about the strange event.vt.(使)起皱纹；皱起 ③To my disappointment, he was talking a lot of garbage about the topic.n.废话 (一)应用文写作 [演讲稿——环境保护] 你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“环境保护”为主题写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： 1．环境的现状； 2．你的看法。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我很荣幸能站在这里发表一篇关于保护我们的环境的演讲。(it作形式主语) It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. ②我失望地发现，我们的环境正在遭受无情的严重破坏，像水污染和空气污染。(宾语从句) I'm disappointed to find that our environment is being seriously damaged without mercy，such as water pollution and air pollution. ③很遗憾，我们中的一些人没有把它当回事。(it作形式主语) It's a shame that some of us don't take it seriously. ④我们不应该再假装什么都没发生，现在是时候采取行动了。(宾语从句) We should not pretend that nothing has happened and it is high time that we took action. ⑤我们携手努力，就会创造一个更美丽的世界。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech about protecting our environment. I'm disappointed to find that our environment is being seriously damaged without mercy，such as water pollution and air pollution.Therefore，it's a shame that some of us don't take it seriously.We should not pretend that nothing has happened and it is high time that we took action.Make efforts hand in hand and we will create a more beautiful world. (二)读后续写 [动作与神情描写5——各种“哭”] 形容词 ①misty 泪眼模糊的　②watery 充满泪水的　③tearful/teary 含泪的 动词 ①sob 啜泣　②weep 哭泣，流泪　③cry 哭泣 词块 ①cry bitterly 伤心地哭　②burst out crying/burst into tears 大哭　③cry one's eyes/heart out 痛哭流涕　④have a lump in one's throat 哽咽　⑤hold/fight back tears 抑制住泪水　⑥be close to tears 快哭了　⑦be filled with/be full of tears/be flooded with tears 热泪盈眶　⑧be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面　⑨tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶　⑩be brimmed/blurred with tears 泪眼模糊　⑪tears roll/run/stream down one's cheeks 泪水滑落脸颊 续写场景训练——卖曲奇饼干 1．看到曲奇饼干，他泪眼模糊。 When he saw the cookies, his eyes grew misty．(简单句) 2．他的母亲站在门口，看到这一幕，高兴得流下了眼泪。 His mother, standing at the door, cried tears of joy to see the scene．(简单句) 3．她紧紧地抱住孩子，眼里满是感激的泪水。 She hugged her child tightly, her eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude．(独立主格) 4．看到曲奇饼干都卖完了，他哽咽得说不出话来。 Seeing all the cookies sold out, he was too choked with emotion to speak．(too...to) 5．因为自己的劳动得到了回报，他热泪盈眶。 His eyes were filled with tears as his hard­work paid off. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands.Stories matter．And they can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study. Lindsay Hahn, an assistant professor of communication in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences, is the first author of the new study.The new study adds important nuance (细微差别) to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children.Hahn's study looks at how exposure to content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence how much importance kids place on those values. Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those moral values as a building block for their own morality? The findings show that they do, and further support how this indirect approach to influencing children's morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction. “Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good，” says Hahn.“How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it be educational？” “When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can take into account what particular moral value is being emphasized by the main character，” she says. For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a young adult novel and edited the content to reflect in each version the study's focus on one of four moral values.Those narratives were shared with roughly 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.The team then created a scale designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to determine how participants might be influenced by specific narratives. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，故事中的良好道德在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用。 1．What does the author mean by the underlined words? A．Stories are necessary for education. B．Reading stories to children means a lot. C．Stories are important to children's morals. D．Reading stories in books is the right method. 解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据画线句子后的“And they can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.(根据一项新研究的结果，它们可以在改变特定道德价值观在年轻受众中的重要性方面发挥作用。)”可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变特定的道德价值观在年轻读者中的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，由此可知，画线句子的意思与“故事在孩子的道德教育上起着重要的作用”意义相近。故选C项。 2．What are many parents concerned about, according to Lindsay Hahn? A．How to make good use of media. B．How to replace media with books. C．How to limit their children's use of media. D．How to monitor their children's media use. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good，’ says Hahn.‘How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it be educational？’(Hahn说：‘家长、照顾者和老师经常想知道如何利用媒体做有益的事？它怎么能用在好的事情上呢？它怎么能阻止坏习惯呢？这怎么能让它有教育意义呢？’)”可知，Hahn说很多家长对如何利用媒体做一些好的事情很是担心，有各种疑问，由此可知，很多家长担心的是如何利用好媒体。故选A项。 3．Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14? A．They cannot be easily influenced by specific narratives. B．It is challenging to hold the attention of younger children. C．They are old enough and are less likely to be bored by stories. D．It is harder to introduce narrative comprehension to older adolescents. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据尾段中的“This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.(根据Hahn的说法，这对媒体研究来说是一个有利的范围，因为向更为年幼的孩子介绍故事理解练习更困难，同时集中年龄较大的青少年的注意力同样具有挑战性，他们对基本的故事情节感到厌倦。)”可知，之所以选择这个年龄段的孩子，是因为这个年龄段的孩子已经足够大了，不太可能对故事感到厌倦。故选C项。 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Influence of Media Use on Children B．Moral Values Need to Be Taught Early C．The Importance of Moral Education in School D．Morals in Stories Play a Positive Role in Teens 解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据首段内容可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变特定的道德价值观在年轻读者中的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，结合下文中对Hahn这项研究的内容、研究对象和研究方法的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是一项研究发现故事在青少年道德教育中起着积极的作用，所以本文的题目为“故事中的道德对青少年有积极的影响”与本文的内容一致，且概括了本文的主题。故选D项。 B Since September I've been living in a hall, just a stone's throw from the Thames.Campus is a 25­minute walk from my hall, which is across the river and down Fleet Street.There, in The London School of Economics and Political Science(LSE), I take courses in social policy, philosophy and public policy, public management and behavioural economics. In the first few weeks we covered how to measure well­being, how to distribute health care resources, and the origins of the welfare state, to name only a few.I've had great support from my academic adviser, who I was told is really somebody highly respected in the field of social policy. I learn loads of things each day and more importantly, what I learn feels relevant.Looking back, I can better understand the work I did in the government, and how the approaches I've learned work or fail in other situations.After one term, I can feel my viewpoint change from 50 feet to 50，000 feet. Probably the most difficult part of attending graduate school overseas isn't the education itself but rather the act of “putting the previous life on hold”．I think this is especially true for students who have already started their professional life or are a couple of years older. But there are plenty of benefits, and I feel that time at LSE passes faster than I realize.Already, I've made friends with students from dozens of other countries, which brings great advantages and fun.Perhaps what unites us is the great British tradition of meeting each other at the end of the week for entertainment at the cafe.In fact, I'm about to make my way there now. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在伦敦政治经济学院求学的难忘经历及收获。 5．What do we know about the author? A．He lives very close to campus. B．His major is political science. C．His adviser enjoys a good reputation. D．He is studying to a tight schedule. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“my academic adviser, who I was told is really somebody highly respected in the field of social policy”可知，作者的导师是社会政策方面的大人物，备受尊敬。由此可知，作者的导师应享有很高的声望。故选C。 6．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．He has become far­sighted. B．His mind has been broadened. C．He can handle various situations. D．His life attitude varies with time. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Looking back, I can better understand the work I did in the government...50，000 feet”可知，回顾过去，作者能更好地理解他在政府部门所做的工作，也能更好地理解他所学到的方法在其他情况下是如何奏效或失灵的。一个学期下来，他能感觉到他的视角从50英尺变到了50 000英尺。由此可推断，作者的思维变得更加开阔了。 7．Which might be the hardest for overseas students? A.Dealing with the heavy study load. B.Gaining an understanding of British traditions. C.Being used to the local educational system. D.Leaving one's former life behind temporarily. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者认为也许在海外读研究生最困难的部分不是教育本身，而是“将原来的生活暂停”这一行为。对于那些已经开始他们的职业生涯或年长几岁的学生来说尤其如此。故选D。 8．What message about the author is implied in the last paragraph? A.He is going to join a get­together for fun. B.He decides to go after his professional life. C．He wants to make friends with more students. D．He has a deep preference for British traditions. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Perhaps what unites us is...I'm about to make my way there now”可知，也许让人们联结在一起的是一个重要的英国传统：周末大家在咖啡馆聚会，一起娱乐。事实上，作者正准备去那里。由此可知，作者要去参加聚会，获得乐趣。A项“他将要去参加聚会，寻找乐趣”符合语境。故选A。 C It was a sunny afternoon in June of 2022 when 20­year­old Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago's 69th Street station.On the platform, two men were fighting bitterly.Then the unthinkable happened：the pair fell over the edge and onto the tracks.One man ended up on his back.Suddenly, he started convulsing (抽搐) unnaturally.He had fallen atop the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers Chicago's L trains.The aggressor leaped backward, bounded back up onto the platform and disappeared. Perry couldn't just stand there and watch.He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down.He took a few quick bounds and approached the victim.The guy looked dead, his body still moving violently as the electricity pulsed.Gathering up his courage, Perry reached down and grasped the victim's wrist.Instantly, he felt a blast of electric shock shoot through his body.Perry shrank and jumped back.He reached down a second time, and was shocked again.But the third time he seized the man's wrist and forearm and, braving the shock, pulled with all his strength.The guy's body slid briefly along the third rail, coming to rest on the gravel on the outer edge of the tracks. The man was breathing, but irregularly.Something wasn't right.“Give him chest compressions (按压)！” yelled a woman.Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man's heart until the victim began convulsing.Then he heard a sudden noise behind him—medical workers and firefighters had arrived.Perry let the professionals take over.His heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and headed home. The evening news reported the incident.After a friend outed him to the media, Perry became the toast of Chicago. Perry was then recruited by the Chicago Fire Department and is now training to be an emergency medical technician. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼·佩里在芝加哥69街车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。 9．What made the rescue of the victim particularly difficult? A．The man had lost his consciousness. B．The victim lay injured on top of a track. C．The rescuer was at risk of an electric shock. D．The electricity powering trains was hard to cut off. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中“He had fallen atop the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers Chicago's L trains.”和第二段中“The guy looked dead...and was shocked again.”可知，救援行动非常危险是因为有触电的危险。故选C项。 10．What can be inferred about Perry according to Paragraphs 3－4? A．He had received professional first aid training. B．The local newspaper interviewed him on the spot. C．His chest compressions played a key role in saving life. D．His heart beat fast because of nervousness and tiredness. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中“Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man's heart until the victim began convulsing.”可知，佩里不专业的心脏复苏操作让受害者身体有了反应，说明他的胸部按压对挽救生命起了关键作用。故选C项。 11．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Perry landed a job in the Fire Department. B．The city of Chicago awarded Perry a prize. C．Chicagoans toasted Perry for his brave deeds. D．Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据画线句上文“After a friend outed him to the media”和常识可知，在媒体得知了佩里的英勇行为后会对他进行大肆地宣传报道，这样的无名英雄自然会成为人们追捧的对象，受到人们的欢迎和尊敬。所以画线句与“Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago”意思相近。故选D项。 12．What is the author's main purpose of writing the text? A．To credit a hero with saving a victim's life. B．To highlight Perry's courage in stopping a fight. C．To stress the importance of calmness in rescue work. D．To display people's cooperation in assisting the victim. 解析：选A。推理判断题。通读全文，文章讲述了安东尼·佩里在芝加哥69街车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。所以本文的写作目的就是表彰英雄佩里，因为他拯救了受害者的生命。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·绍兴市诊断性考试)Medicine is a degree that consists of an endless number of exams, and recently I received my first year results.Waiting for those results was one of the most anxiety­generating experiences. 1．________Failing brings judgement from others, a topic of discussion for people, and the right for others to say you don't have enough capacity.The stress associated with failing is created by others around you, rather than by the event itself. I have recently been reading The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel, which clarifies that failure has the strong presence among those who have achieved success.People will always focus on Warren Edward Buffett's success as an investor.2.________． The process of achieving success has often involved setbacks and “failures” along the way.I received a “pass” grade on an important research paper during my master's year, which put my final grade in a dangerous situation.I was rejected by medical schools which I'd spent time and effort applying to and preparing for.3.________I also began studying medicine last year. 4．________But you should know that with each failure you are closer to success, building further layers to the foundations you started.Behind every successful person are more obstacles and setbacks, but these are not as interesting to focus on or as enviable. The noise around you, whether it is from co­workers, friends or parents, should not shake your belief in your abilities.5.________Learn what you need and correct your approach until you reach your success. A．Failure is your platform to success. B．You are guaranteed a lifetime of success. C．I was turned down by countless graduate schemes. D．You may not be successful the first, second or however many times. E．Upon reflection I believe that this is partly as a result of the failure itself. F．Despite all of these, I ended up getting a distinction in my master's degree. G．However, they will rarely see how many times his investments have failed. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要论述了“失败不可怕，反而是通往成功的平台”这一观点。 1．解析：选E。根据上文的“Waiting for those...anxiety­generating experiences”和下文的“Failing brings judgement...have enough capacity”可知，上文提到等待结果的过程让人很焦虑，下文分析了失败会带来什么样的结果，所以空处内容应该会讲到焦虑的原因是害怕失败。故选项E承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据上文内容尤其是“People will always...as an investor”可推知，接下来会讲到巴菲特也有投资失败的时候，选项G“然而，他们很少会看到他的投资失败了多少次”符合语境。选项中的they 指代上文的People。 3．解析：选F。根据上文的“I received...and preparing for”和下文的“I also began studying medicine last year ”可知，上文提到作者曾经的失败经历，下文提到他也开始学习医学，所以空处内容应承上启下，选项F“尽管如此，我还是在攻读硕士学位期间获得了优异的成绩”符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据下文的“But you should...foundations you started”可知，但是你应该知道每一次的失败都会让你离成功更近一步。再结合But 可知，空处与下文内容构成转折关系。选项D“你可能第一次、第二次或无论多少次都不成功”符合题意。 5．解析：选A。根据下文可知，你要了解你需要什么，纠正方法，直至你取得成功，说明要从失败中吸取教训，A项“失败是成功的平台”符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 version n．变体，版本　favorable adj.赞成的；给人好印象的；有利的，优惠的　narrative n．记叙文；故事；叙述 adj.叙述的　comprehension n．理解力 C篇 victim n．受害者，遇难者　recruit n．新兵；(机构中的)新成员 vt.招聘，征募　bitterly adv.伤心地；愤怒地；极其　violently adv.激烈地；暴力地 熟词 生义 B篇 throw 常用义：v.投，掷，抛，扔→文章义：n.投掷的距离，投射距离 cover 常用义：v.掩蔽，遮盖→文章义：v.包括，包含，涉及，处理 词缀 变形 A篇 moral n．道德；寓意→morality n．道德；道德准则　exposure n．暴露；揭发；报道→expose v．揭发；使暴露；使接触 C篇 unnaturally adv.违反习俗地；不自然地；勉强地→naturally adv.自然地；理所当然地　irregularly adv.不规则地→regular adj.定期的；经常的→irregular adj.不规则的；不规律的→regularly adv.经常；定期地 核心 短语 A篇 play a role in 在……起作用　an assistant professor 助理教授　take into account考虑在内 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$