主题素养练案(4)（练习word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·南京高三调研)To figure out if we can die of boredom，we first have to understand what boredom is.For help，I called James Danckert，a psychologist who studies boredom at the University of Waterloo in Canada.“A lot of people think about being bored as being lazy.And it's absolutely not that，”he says.“Bored people want to engage with their world，eager to do something satisfying and exciting.But any attempt to do so fails.” That means boredom is usually very upsetting.And it can have physical consequences.In one of his experiments，Danckert made people extremely bored by showing them a video of two people hanging clothes to dry.He found that when people got bored，their hearts beat faster and their levels of a hormone called cortisol (皮质醇) went up，compared to when they watched another video that made them sad.These physical changes were signs that boredom was stressing them out.“It's not like having a full­on panic attack，”Danckert says.But it's certainly enough to make boredom unpleasant. Let's come back to if boredom can kill you.Back in the 1980s，scientists asked people who worked for the British government a whole bunch of questions，including how bored they felt in their daily lives.The study tracked the participants over time.When any one of them died，the survey recorded the cause of death.In 2010，two researchers matched up these causes of death with the participants' level of boredom.It turned out that people who said they were more bored were also more likely to have died of heart disease.“We know that prolonged exposure to stress is bad for our health，” Danckert says.A single boring day can't kill you.But if you're always bored，the stress could add up to something dangerous. “Oh no”，you might be thinking.“School is boring.My friends are boring.Everything is boring！What's going to happen to me？”Don't worry.Danckert says，“As you get older，you get less bored.It is mainly because you gain more independence and have to get busy to achieve your long­term goals.And trust me：That's anything but boring.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。无聊并不等同于懒惰，人们感到无聊是因为他们在生活中无法获得兴奋感。无聊会让人心跳加快，皮质醇水平上升，让人感到有压力，进而导致健康问题。但随着年龄的增长，无聊感也会随着忙碌而减少。 1．According to James Danckert，people feel bored because________． A．they are too lazy to do anything B．they can't gain excitement in life C．they are too frightened to have a try D．they can't fully understand boredom 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bored people want to engage with their world，eager to do something satisfying and exciting.But any attempt to do so fails.”由此可知，人们感到无聊是因为他们无法在生活中获得渴望得到的满足感和兴奋感。 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Doing housework will make people bored. B．People's heart rate increases with boredom. C．Physical changes can lead to extreme boredom. D．Watching something sad is a boring experience. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He found that when people got bored, their hearts beat faster”可知，当人们感到无聊时，他们的心跳会加快。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “prolonged”in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Continued. B．Repeated. C．Sudden. D．Active. 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“A single boring...something dangerous”可知，无聊的一天不会杀死你，但如果你一直都处于无聊的状态中，那么这种压力会堆积，进而演变成危险的事物。由此可推知，画线词义为“持续很久的”，即处于持续很久的由无聊带来的压力中会对健康造成负面影响。故A项意思与画线词意思最为接近。 4．What does Danckert recommend to save people from boredom? A．Depending on friends. B．Setting long­term goals. C．Keeping yourself occupied. D．Trusting people around you. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中Danckert说的话“...you get less bored.It is mainly because you...achieve your long­term goals.”可知，随着你年龄的增长，你会变得不那么无聊，那主要是因为你会更独立并且不得不忙于实现你的长期目标。由此可推知，忙起来就不会感到那么无聊。B项为迷惑性选项，Danckert所说的重点不是设定一个目标，而是要忙起来去实现目标。故选C。 B (2024·南京市、盐城市模拟)Among my friends, one topic seems to dominate their conversations: bones.It makes sense, given that 20 percent of American women over 50 have osteoporosis (骨质疏松)and that more than half have bone loss.For men, the figures are lower: 4 percent and a third.Worldwide, one out of three women over 50 and one out of five older men will develop a fracture(骨折)．Another reason for the endless argument about bone problems is mass confusion over how to strengthen your bones best and whether diet really makes a difference. Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent.But gradually some clarity is emerging．As we draw up resolutions for what to eat，it's useful to look at new data on vitamin D．Calcium is the key element for building bones, and vitamin D helps to absorb calcium from the food we eat, so doctors often recommend D supplements (补充物) to make up for age­related bone loss. But a recent study found that taking D supplements for five years did not reduce the rate of fractures in seniors.That result built on earlier findings, led by the same team, that these supplements do not improve bone density(密度)．“Food and sun exposure likely provide enough vitamin D for healthy adults，” says Meryl LeBoff, who led the study. What does help maintain strong bones for all of us? The easy answer is food high in calcium, such as milk and tofu.“Getting it from food is best，”LeBoff says, “because there are so many other nutrients(营养物) and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements.” The other key element of bone health involves calories out rather than calories in.Weight­bearing exercise stimulates bone formation throughout life.So while focusing on better nutritional choices, add more exercise to your daily menu. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。一项研究表明长期服用维生素D并不能改善老年人的骨骼问题，但多吃高钙食物、晒太阳和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。 5．What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 emphasize? A．The seriousness of bone problems. B．The concern about senior citizens. C．The confusion about strengthening bones. D．The importance of having a balanced diet. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It makes sense...will develop a fracture(骨折)”可知，这些数据表明美国50岁以上的男性女性的骨骼问题严重，世界范围内男性女性的骨折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。故A项正确。 6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply? A．Diet research is no longer a challenge. B．We've made resolutions to study diets. C．Findings on bone health prove to be similar. D．We begin to agree on ways to keep bones healthy. 解析：选D。句意猜测题。根据画线句前的“Diet research is always messy, and study results on nutrition and bone health haven't been consistent”和But 表转折可知，前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致；后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识；本段中的“so doctors often recommend D supplements(补充物)to make up for age­related bone loss”也是提示，即所达成的一致共识为：通过补充维生素D来促进骨骼健康。故D项正确。 7．What can be inferred from the recent study? A．People can absorb vitamin D in food easily. B．The findings go against LeBoff's earlier ones. C．D supplements play a minor role than expected. D．Fractures are linked with weight­bearing exercise. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But a recent study found...these supplements do not improve bone density(密度)”可知，最近的研究表明，服用维生素D补充剂并没有增强人们的骨密度，即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“because there are so many other nutrients(营养物)，and you have more continuous absorption than from D supplements”可知，还有很多营养物质是从维生素D中吸收不到的。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼健康而言效果不佳。故 C项正确。 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Recipes for Better Bones B．Your Bones Cry! C．The Magic of D Supplements D．Vitamin D Wins! 解析：选A。标题归纳题。第一段主要讲现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性；第二段主要讲渐渐地人们开始就保持骨骼健康问题的方法——吃维生素D补充剂——达成一致；根据第三段中的“But a recent study found...fractures in seniors”可知，维生素D补充剂在减少老年人骨骼问题方面没有起到预期效果。再根据第四段中的“What does help...milk and tofu”和第五段可知，要想保持强健的骨骼，最简单的方式是吃含钙高的食物，比如牛奶和豆腐；另一种方法是多进行日常锻炼。由此可知，本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健骨骼的诀窍。故A项作本文的标题最佳。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·江苏省南通第一次调研测试)At 20, I was scared and lonely.My laptop was filled with the beginning of novels，half­finished song lyrics (歌词)—things I'd started with teenage __1__ only to be disappointed by my lack of creativity.I was __2__ in trying to find a new way to approach life, with no one to __3__ me in the right direction. One Saturday，I went to a training day for my school's new journalism team.The teacher suggested I start a blog as a good way to get into __4__．Bored and in need of a __5__，I immediately set up a Blogger account. As I typed post after post in the months that followed，I assumed I would run out of __6__．But somehow writing about the news and later about __7__，came easily.Here was something interesting that required only a laptop and an __8__．I loved the research that went into each post，loved being able to __9__ what interested me and loved finding just the right phrase to describe how I __10__．I found something I was good at and more importantly, something I __11__． I kept posting and slowly I got better.I __12__， edited and even learned how to employ a metaphor.It wasn't long until my mind was made up: I was going to be a(n) __13__．Seven years later, I am.Having just completed a fantastic placement (实习工作) in a local newspaper，I have never been so __14__ to my younger self for actually listening to the one piece of advice that turned out to __15__ most. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者20岁时想尝试一种新的生活方式，但是无人指点，后来作者听从了老师让自己写博客的建议，从而发现了自己擅长和喜欢的事，从此作者不再孤单和害怕，找到了人生目标。 1． A．confusion B．maturity C．enthusiasm D．innocence 解析：选C。句意为：我的笔记本电脑里装满了小说的开头，还有写了一半的歌词——这些都来自青少年时期的一腔热血，但都因为我缺乏创造力而宣告结束。根据句意并结合常识可知，小说和歌词等都是出于作者青春期的热情。enthusiasm意为“热情”，符合语境。 2． A．praised B．stuck C．tricked D．punished 解析：选B。根据后文“with no one to __3__ me in the right direction”可知，作者尝试寻找一种新的生活方式，但是无人指点，所以是被困住了。stick意为“卡住”，be stuck (in)意为“被困(于)”，符合语境。 3． A．defend B．force C．point D．join 解析：选C。根据前文“I was __2__ in trying to find a new way to approach life”可知，作者在尝试寻找一种新的生活方式时，结合空后的in the right direction可知，此处是指没有人给作者指引正确的方向。point意为“指引”，符合语境。 4． A．socializing B．advertising C．debating D．writing 解析：选D。根据第三段中的“But somehow writing about the news and...”可知，此处是指写博客是开始写作的好方法。writing意为“写作”，符合语境。 5． A．project B．course C．tour D．budget 解析：选A。句意为：由于感到无聊和需要一个项目，我立即开通了一个博客账户。根据第一段中的“I was __2__ in trying to find a new way to approach life”和第二段第一句可知，作者在尝试寻找一种新的生活方式，于是参加了新闻团队，所以此处指需要一个项目。project意为“项目”，符合语境。 6． A．steam B．time C．money D．luck 解析：选A。句意为：在接下来的几个月里，当我一篇又一篇地发帖时，我以为自己会失去兴趣。根据后文“But somehow writing about the news and later about __7__，came easily.”可知，作者后来写新闻变得很容易。由But可知，设空处所在句与后文构成转折关系，因此此处指作者以为自己会失去兴趣。run out of steam为固定搭配，意为“筋疲力尽；丧失热情”，符合语境。 7． A．events B．myself C．celebrities D．itself 解析：选B。根据本段倒数第二句中的“loved finding just the right phrase to describe how I __10__”可知，后来作者开始写自己的感受，所以此处指写他自己。myself意为“我自己”，符合语境。 8． A．idea B．option C．excuse D．answer 解析：选A。根据前文“But somehow writing about the news and later about __7__， came easily.”并结合常识可知，作者觉得写博客简单，因为只要一台电脑和一个想法就行。idea意为“想法”，符合语境。 9． A．transform B．reject C．predict D．explore 解析：选D。句意：我喜欢每篇帖子中的研究，喜欢能够探索令我感兴趣的东西，喜欢找到恰好合适的短语来描述我的感受。根据句意可知，作者喜欢写新闻时的研究探索、发现的过程，explore意为“探索”，符合语境，其他选项与文意不符。 10．A．acted B．felt C．developed D．succeeded 解析：B。根据句意可知，此处指作者喜欢找到恰好合适的短语来描述自己的感受。feel 意为“感觉”，符合语境。 11．A．resisted B．remembered C．explained D．enjoyed 解析：选D。根据第一段第二句中的“My laptop was filled with the beginning of novels，half­finished song lyrics”可知，作者是喜欢写作的；结合空前的“I found something I was good at and more importantly”可知，此处指作者找到了擅长的东西，更重要的是，找到了自己喜爱的东西。enjoy 意为“喜爱”，符合语境。 12．A．redrafted B．copied C．deleted D．published 解析：选A。根据前文“I kept posting and slowly I got better.”可知，作者的写作能力提高了，所以是对自己写的文章进行改写和编辑。redraft 意为“改写”，符合语境。 13．A．composer B．instructor C．journalist D．adventurer 解析：选C。根据后文“Seven years later, I am.”和“Having just completed a fantastic placement (实习) in a local newspaper”可知，作者是在当地的报社实习，因此作者是想成为一名记者。journalist意为“新闻记者”，符合语境。 14．A．friendly B．helpful C．mean D．grateful 解析：选D。根据上文可知，作者听从了老师的建议，做了自己擅长且喜欢的事情，所以此处指作者感谢年少时的自己。grateful意为“感激的”，符合语境。 15．A．matter B．differ C．increase D．happen 解析：选A。通读全文可知，20岁时，作者想尝试一种新的生活方式，但是无人指点，后来作者听从了老师让自己写博客的建议，从而发现了自己擅长和喜欢的事，所以这是最重要的建议。matter意为“事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·肇庆市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测)Every time Oksana Chusovitina competes in a gymnastics event, she arrests the spotlight.The Hangzhou Asian Games proved no 1.____________ (except)．When the 48­year­old Uzbek gymnast appeared on the scene, thousands of viewers cheered for “Qiu Ma”， 2.____________ translates into “Mother Chusovitina”． After completing her vault (跳马), Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience, 3.____________ (form) a “heart” gesture with her hands.“It is the love and support of the people 4.____________ keep me going and give me the strength to achieve more，” Chusovitina said.“I am not very satisfied with my performance tonight，” she added.Chusovitina has 5.____________ storied history at the Asian Games, having won eight medals.This year, she is targeting a medal in the vault.“I 6.____________ (increase) the difficulty in the final，” she shared. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病) in 2002, Chusovitina adopted German 7.____________ (citizen) to compete at global events for a higher income.Her heartfelt affection, “I dare not grow old until you are well，” has resonated (共鸣) with many.After her son's recovery, she continued her gymnastics journey out of love 8.____________ the sport.Though she announced her retirement after the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, she decided to return 9.____________ (short) after. “The 10.____________ (big) motivation is my desire.I'm just doing what I love, so why should I stop？” Chusovitina said. [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。杭州亚运会上48岁的乌兹别克体操运动员丘索维金娜获得了不俗的战绩，文章对此进行了报道。 1．解析：exception。考查名词。句意：杭州亚运会也不例外。此处作表语，应用名词exception表示“例外”。故填exception。 2．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意：当这位48岁的乌兹别克体操运动员出现在现场时，成千上万的观众为“丘索维金娜妈妈”欢呼。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Qiu Ma，一个名字，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．解析：forming。考查非谓语动词。句意：完成跳马后，丘索维金娜向观众飞吻，双手做出“心形”手势。动词form意为“形成”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填forming。 4．解析：that。考查强调句。句意：丘索维金娜说：“是人们的爱和支持让我继续前进，给了我取得更多成就的力量。”去掉it is和空格后句子完整，所以此处为强调句句式，即“It be＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分”，被强调部分为“the love and support of the people”，所以空格处应用that。故填that。 5．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：丘索维金娜在亚运会上有着传奇的历史，赢得了8枚奖牌。history意为“历史”，为可数名词，此处storied history为第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词，表示泛指，storied以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 6．解析：will increase。考查动词时态。句意：“我会在决赛中增加难度，”她分享道。根据前文“she is targeting a medal in the vault(她的目标是在跳马项目上获得奖牌)”和“in the final”可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填will increase。 7．解析：citizenship。考查名词。句意：2002年，当她的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，丘索维金娜获得了德国国籍，以便通过参加国际赛事来获得更高的收入。根据“adopted German”可知，此处是指获得德国国籍，所以应用名词citizenship表示“国籍”作宾语。故填citizenship。 8．解析：for。考查介词。句意：儿子康复后，出于对这项运动的热爱，她继续了她的体操之旅。固定搭配out of love for意为“出于对……的热爱”，此处应用介词for。故填for。 9．解析：shortly。考查副词。句意：虽然她在2021年东京奥运会后宣布退役，但她很快就决定复出。固定搭配shortly after意为“不久之后”，所以此处应用副词shortly。故填shortly。 10．解析：biggest。考查形容词最高级。句意：最大的动力是我的渴望。此处是指三个或三个以上的比较，所以应用形容词最高级biggest表示“最大的”，作定语。故填biggest。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 consequence n．结果；重要性　exposure n．暴露；揭发；曝光 B篇 dominate v．支配，控制，左右　confusion n．困惑，不确定　nutrition n．营养，滋养　supplement n．补充(物) 核心 短语 A篇 figure out 理解；弄明白　die of 死于……　go up (价格、温度等)上升　turn out 结果为；被证明是　anything but 绝不，根本不 B篇 make sense 有意义，说得通　one out of five 五分之一 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$