Unit 2 Out of this world（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 2　Out of this world 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．microscope 　　　　 　n．显微镜(助记：micro­＋scope) 2．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 3．rocket n．火箭；火箭武器 4．gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 5．radiation n．辐射，放射线 6．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 7．tube n．管，管子；软管(近义：pipe) 8．agency n．机构；代理处 (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 2．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 v．给……交代任务 3．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 4．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护；避难所 vt.保护，掩蔽vi.躲避 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．float around　　　　　　　　 到处漂浮 2．take pills 吃药 3．during our leisure time 在我们的闲暇时间 4．a temporary rather than permanent job 一份临时而不是长期的工作 5．crucial scientific advancement 关键的科学进步 6．travel in orbit 在轨道上运行　　　 拓展词汇 1.absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupation n．职业；占有→occupied adj.已占用的；使用中的；无空闲的 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；评估；估价 4.maintain vt.维持；继续；维修；主张；供养→maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 5．expose vt.揭露，揭发；使曝光；使接触；使体验→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 6．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的；无形的 7．universe n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的；普遍的 8．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.原来的；最初的；独创的；原作的 n．原件；原作→originally adv.起初 9．frequent adj.频繁的；经常的→frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 10．invest vt.& vi.投资→investment n．投资；投入→investor n．投资者 11．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculator n．计算器；计算者→calculation n．计算；估计 12．cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括→coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 13．assist vt.参加；协助→assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assistance n．援助，帮助 14．incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的，极大的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信地 15．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.积满灰尘的 16．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 重点短语 1．cast new light on　　　 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此(同义：in this case) 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到(同义：given that) 4．plain to see 显而易见的(同义：obvious；apparent) 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6．come to an end 结束(同义：come to a close；make an end of sth) 7．at a time 每次(对比：at the time当时) 8．a huge amount of 大量的(同义：a mass of；a good deal of； a large quantity of) 9．long to do 渴望做……(同义：be eager to do，desire to do) 10．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白……(对比：make sense有意义) 单元佳句 1.Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.(so that 引导目的状语从句) 2．It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...) 3．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as引导让步状语从句) 4．That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(why引导表语从句) 5．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.(强调句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 2．睡觉时背部没有压力的感觉有点奇怪，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 3．尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 4．这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。 5．正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。 词汇语境串记 　　There is a heated debate about whether space and universe are worth exploring. Some people believe that space exploration demands huge investment，and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives.But others especially astronauts don't agree.Living in space is their dream.They expect to finish their missions though they are challenging.Due to the absence of gravity，they have to attach themselves in order not to float around.They are occupied in conducting research and evaluating the effects of low gravity on creatures．For a spacewalk，they must put on their spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation．In view of the low­gravity environment，it is a luxury to eat fresh food.Sometimes they must take pills to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients.The results of these space explorations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe and it can also motivate the young to become the scientists of the future. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 关于太空和宇宙是否值得探索，存在着一场激烈的争论。 有些人认为，太空探索需要巨大的投资，而对提高我们的生活质量毫无帮助。但其他人，尤其是宇航员，并不同意。生活在太空中是他们的梦想。他们希望完成他们的任务，尽管这很有挑战性。由于重力的缺失，他们必须把自己固定住才能避免漂浮。他们忙于进行研究和评估低重力对生物的影响。在太空行走中，他们必须穿上太空服，以保护他们避免暴露在寒冷和辐射之下。鉴于低重力的环境，吃新鲜的食物是一种奢侈。有时，他们必须服用药物，以确保营养物质的均衡供应。这些太空探索的结果对理解宇宙的起源、进化和可能的未来做出了重大贡献，它也可以激励年轻人成为未来的科学家。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空2分，满分30分) 1．bother 　　　 vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 2．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 3．circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况 4．furthermore adv.此外，再者 5．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 6．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 7．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之 8．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 9．merely adv.仅仅，只不过 10．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 11．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 12．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 13．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 14．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 15．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空2分，满分20分) 1．cast new light on　　　 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 4．plain to see 显而易见的 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6．come to an end 结束 7．at a time 每次 8．a huge amount of 大量的 9．long to do 渴望做…… 10．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白…… Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分34分) 1．He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry.(absent) 2．The room was very dusty (dust) when I walked in.All the furniture was covered with dust. 3．With the help of the electronic calculator, we can do much calculation work.(calculate)． 4．The founder of the company thinks that respect and communication provide a solid foundation for marriage.(found) 5．There are a huge number of unknown planets in the universe, so these puzzles are very universal．But we believe we can make them clear one day.(universe) 6．The businessman doesn't know exactly the origin of his family.It is originally thought that his ancestors came from Guangdong, China.He is searching for some original materials about it.(origin) 7．As an assistant,__the young university student assisted the professor in carrying out the project.And without his assistance, it couldn't be completed on time.(assist) 8．Thanks to the investment of the foreign company, the local economy has developed rapidly.As a result, more and more investors come to invest here.(invest) Ⅳ.句式仿写(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 1．句型公式：why引导表语从句 它不仅有美丽的风景，而且有各种各样的野生动物。这就是为什么我们要来这里。 Not only does it have beautiful scenery but also it has all kinds of wild animals.This is why we are here． 2．句型公式：强调句型 正是他的勇敢、善良和智慧帮助社区的人们摆脱了洪水。 It was his bravery，kindness and wisdom that helped the community get out of the flood. 3．句型公式：with复合结构 随着社会的快速发展，终身学习对我们来说是必不可少并且至关重要的。 With our society developing rapidly，lifelong learning is essential and vital for us. 1．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 ·in the absence of 不在；缺少 in/during one's absence 某人不在场 absence of mind 心不在焉 ·be absent from 不参加；缺席；缺少 absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence (absent) from school. (2)她带着心不在焉的笑容抬起头，补充说男孩缺课两次了。(神态＋语言描写) She looked up with an absent smile，adding that the boy was absent from class twice. (3)我写信向您道歉，因为上周末我没能参加您的生日派对。(道歉信) I'm writing to apologize to you for being absent from your birthday party last weekend. 2．bother vt.使烦恼；使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦；困难；烦扰 It bothers sb that... 使某人苦恼的是…… bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事 bother with/about sth 花费时间/精力做某事 bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。(心理描写) It bothered me that we couldn't find our way back but my father told me not to lose heart. (2)请原谅我为这么一件小事麻烦你。 Pardon me for bothering you with/about such a small matter. 3．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；工作；职业 ·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 使某人忙于某事/做某事 ·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于某事/做某事 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)The twins soon found themselves occupied (occupy) in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) (2)Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) ①Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(occupy，分词短语作状语) ②Occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(occupied，分词短语作状语) 4．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样 in/under no circumstances 决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序) if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许的话 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 ①In/Under no circumstances should I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，②if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. 5．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 be comprised of be composed of 由……组成 consist of be made up of 【多维训练】　写作迁移 A traditional Chinese painting exhibition comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(2021·浙江6月卷) →A traditional Chinese painting exhibition composed of/made up of/consisting of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center. 6．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/for... 对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 be of vital importance 至关重要的 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)这是提高人们保护对人类至关重要的海洋的意识的一天。 It is a day to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans which are vital to human beings． (2)如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为，重要的一点是我们应该从小事做起。(主旨升华) If we want to make a difference in environmental protection, it's vital that we should begin with small things． 7．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的；有帮助的→assist v．帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．援助，帮助；辅助设备 ·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance (assist)． (2)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(2021·全国甲卷) I'm wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topics for the class meeting. (3)在他的老师的帮助下，他逐渐适应了学校生活。 With the assistance of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life. 8．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 come into view 看得见；进入视野 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 in one's view＝from one's point of view 在某人看来 view...as... 把……看作…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 在旅途中，我们可以欣赏到盛开的鲜花、深邃的山谷和美丽的瀑布。一到山顶，美丽的风景就映入眼帘。然而，考虑到大雨，我们尽快找到了一个避难所。 During the trip，we ①had a good view of the blooming flowers，deep valleys and beautiful waterfalls.On arriving at the peak of the mountain, the beautiful scenery ②came into view．However，③in view of the heavy rain, we found a shelter as soon as possible. 9．make sense of 理解；弄懂 make sense 讲的通；有道理；合乎情理 make no sense 没意义 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装) 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)Furthermore，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you understand the poems to be learned. →Moreover，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you make sense of the poems to be learned. (2)We should in no sense give up our dreams even if we are faced with many difficulties. →In no sense should we give up our dreams even if we are faced with many difficulties.(倒装) 10．This/That is why...这/那是为什么…… ·This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(because 引导表语从句) ·The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句) (教材原句)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每一次太空行走。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 读经典作品能够丰富我们的日常生活，减轻我们的压力。这就是我们应该多读经典作品的原因。 ①Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.This is why we should read more classics．(This is why...) ②The reason why we should read more classics is that reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.(The reason why...is that...) 1.It bothers us that staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.(2021·全国乙卷) 2．Under/In no circumstances should we destroy the marine environment for personal interest.(2022·全国甲卷) 3．It is through this activity that I understand that we can't enjoy our life to the fullest in the absence of responsibility.(活动介绍) 4．You are so kind and selfless that you have given me a great deal of constructive and instructive assistance to me.(感谢信) 5．As we all know，there are varieties of resources in the oceans，which are vital to human beings.(2022·全国甲卷) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．盯着屏幕看对我们的眼睛有害，这让我们很烦恼。 2．在任何情况下，我们都不应为了个人利益而破坏海洋环境。 3．正是通过这次活动，我明白了缺乏责任感我们就不能充分享受生活。 4．你是如此的善良、无私，给了我很多建设性和指导性的帮助。 5．众所周知，海洋中有各种各样的资源，这些资源对人类至关重要。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Potatoes turn green when exposed (expose) to light. 2．Enough sleep is vital to the students' well­being and health. 3．He found his office was under someone else's occupation (occupy)． 4．As far as I know, most people have a preference for the original (origin) plan. 5．I was back teaching after an absence (absent) of 15 years. 6．She's been so occupied with work that she hasn't had time for social activities. 7．The question of what we know and do not know constantly (constant) bothered me. 8．Too much of modern life is rushed and stressful, and neither is calculated to__do (do) you any good. 9．The data show that facial expressions are not universal (universe) signals of human emotion. 10．My father subscribed many magazines with extensive coverage (cover) of diet and health topics. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出动词occupy的汉语意思 A.使忙碌　B．占领　C．占(时间、空间)；占有；占用 ①During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.__B__ ②Later，I went to a café to have lunch，but all the tables were occupied.__C__ ③His work occupies him for the whole day.__A__ 2．选出句中shelter的词性及含义 A．n.避难所　B．n.居所；住处　C．n.庇护 D．vt.保护；掩蔽　E．vi.躲避 ①The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)__C__ ②The sun beat down，so we sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.__E__ ③Rescue workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.__A__ ④Food，clothing，fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs.__B__ ⑤Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms.__D__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.vt.使接触；使体验 ②She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.n.出身 (一)应用文写作 [求助信——如何专注于学习] 假定你李华，你最近因压力大，无法专注学习而苦恼，为此向你的英国笔友Tom求助，请你用英文给他写一封邮件。内容包括： 1．你遇到的问题； 2．表达感谢。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我之所以写信给你是因为我想请你帮我一个忙。 The reason why I'm writing to you is that I want to ask you to do me a favour. ②因为压力太大，我不能专注于我的学习，这让我很困扰。(it作形式主语) It bothers me that I can't focus on my study because of too much stress. ③我确实想专心学英语，但我做不到。(do表强调) I do want to occupy myself with my English，but I can't make it. ④昨天在课堂上因为心不在焉我被英语老师批评了。 Yesterday I was scolded by my English teacher in class for my absence of mind. ⑤我相信在你的帮助下，我会走出困境。我将感谢你的一切帮助。(宾语从句) I'm sure with the assistance of you I will get out of the trouble. I will appreciate any of your help. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Dear Tom， The reason why I'm writing to you is that I want to ask you to do me a favour. It bothers me that I can't focus on my study because of too much stress.Actually，I do want to occupy myself with my English，but I can't make it.Yesterday I was scolded by my English teacher in class for my absence of mind. I'm sure with the assistance of you I will get out of the trouble.I will appreciate any of your help. Yours， Li Hua (二)读后续写 [动作与神情描写2——众“说”纷纭] 动词 ①murmur 低语　②answer/reply/respond回答　③shout/scream/yell/cry喊叫　④whisper 悄悄说　⑤criticize 批评 ⑥comfort 安慰　⑦command 命令　 ⑧apologize 道歉　⑨add 补充说　⑩continue 继续说　⑪warn 警告　 ⑫admit 承认　⑬announce 宣布　⑭complain 抱怨　⑮ask 问　⑯roar大声说，吼叫　⑰sigh叹息道　⑱claim宣称 词块 ①say in one's sharp voice 尖声说　②add in a gentle way 温柔地补充道　③reply with a sigh 叹口气回答道 续写场景训练——偷拿东西被发现 1．我的心怦怦直跳，朝收银台走去。我付了三件小东西的钱，正准备离开，这时我感到有人重重地拍了拍我的肩膀。 My heart beating rapidly, I headed for the register.I paid for the three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder.(独立主格结构) 2．他是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他宣称。 He was a big detective.“You stole something.You will be searched，”he claimed． 3．我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 Frightened, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over.(形容词作状语) 4．“百科全书？”他吃惊地问。 “An encyclopedia？”he asked in a surprised voice．(动词＋介词短语) 5．“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说。 “Yes，”I whispered in a trembling voice．(动词＋介词短语) 6．“你为什么不叫你父母买呢？”他又问道。 He asked again，“Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it？” 7．我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。” I murmured，“I did, but they didn't have the money.” 8．他叹了口气道：“告诉你父母你的过错”，然后补充说我可以走了。 He sighed，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing，”adding that I could leave． Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·重庆市高三质量检测四)Nuclear bombs.That's the go­to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids (小行星) and comets, as far as Hollywood is concerned.Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons, delivered by stars like Bruce Willis, to save the world and deliver the drama. But planetary defense experts say in reality, if astronomers spotted a dangerous incoming space rock, the safest and best answer might be something more subtle, like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft. That's just what NASA did, when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos, which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth.It's about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid. In images streamed as the impact neared, the egg­shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target. Events happened exactly as engineers had planned, they said, with nothing going wrong.“As far as we can tell, our first planetary defense test was a success，”said Elena Adams, the mission systems engineer, who added that scientists looked on with “both terror and joy” as the spacecraft neared its final destination. The impact was the peak of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), a 7­year and more than ＄300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity's first ever test of planetary defense technology.It will be about two months, scientists said, before they will be able to determine if the impact was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course, probably shortening its original orbit. NASA plans to launch an asteroid­hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2028.“We've tracked lots of space rocks, especially the larger ones that could cause extinction­level events.Thankfully, none currently threatens Earth.But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven't yet been discovered, and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，”explains Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局实施的行星防御测试：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全的解决措施就是利用小型航天器与其撞击，使其偏离轨道。 1．How did scientists know the craft hit the asteroid successfully? A．The signal from the craft was lost as it hit the target. B．They recorded the whole process with a telescope. C．The little spot on the screen suddenly disappeared. D．They monitored the craft with satellites in space. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In images streamed as the impact...the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target”可知，这颗鸡蛋形状的行星在撞击时的监测图像中显示为信号点并不断变化，飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失。故选A项。 2．What is the purpose of launching the spacecraft? A．To search for evidence of alien life. B．To end the asteroid's threat to Earth. C．To save the world and deliver a drama. D．To test technology for defending Earth. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，这次撞击是美国国家航空航天局双小行星重定向测试的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射的航天器历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D项。 3．What can be inferred about Dimorphos? A．It is a dangerous incoming space rock. B．It is an egg­shaped asteroid around Earth. C．It may orbit the same asteroid after the hit. D．It is expected to blow up after the impact. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段至第五段可知，美国国家航空航天局用一艘航天器撞向一颗正围绕另一颗较大的行星运行的小行星Dimorphos，这次撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它很可能改变自己的轨道周期，但还是绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C项。 4．Which statement will Lindley Johnson probably agree with? A．Asteroids are equally destructive whatever the size. B．NEO Surveyor is aimed to track smaller asteroids. C．Larger asteroids will no longer threaten Earth. D．NASA is responsible for the safety of Earth. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，研究人员之前主要追踪大行星，但并未发现会对地球产生威胁的大行星。不过很多像Dimorphos这样的小行星尚未被发现，如果发生撞击，它们可以摧毁一座城市。所以这些未被发现的小行星才是对地球有潜在威胁的存在。由此推断，“NEO测量者”的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选B项。 B (2024·黄冈高三阶段性质量抽测)A small device no bigger than a toaster has generated oxygen on the surface of Mars, bringing the chance of surviving on the red planet a step closer.The Mars Oxygen In­Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, better known as MOXIE, has been generating oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars rich in carbon dioxide, as part of NASA's Mars Perseverance rover mission, which began in February last year. Research published in the journal Science Advances reported that MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven­hour­long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric conditions since landing last year.The research found that during each test and even in extreme temperatures or after a Martian dust storm, MOXIE continued to produce high­purity oxygen. The device uses pumps that suck carbon dioxide.The gas is heated to 800℃ and the carbon and the oxygen are separated.Carbon monoxide is emitted as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming them chemically into something that would be useful for a human mission，”Jeffrey Hoffman, a retired astronaut and a professor at MIT's Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, also noted that the results were “groundbreaking and historic”． NASA and the MIT team are planning to build a bigger version of MOXIE.They hope advanced models will produce enough oxygen to support a human mission to Mars, and generate the gas needed to send a rocket back to Earth.“To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth like computers, spacesuits, but dumb old oxygen？If you can make it there, go for it.You're way ahead of the game，” Hoffman said. The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more mutable than that on Earth.Hoffman said，“One objective now is to show we can run MOXIE in all seasons.” [语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。火星氧气原位资源利用实验(MOXIE)在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类距离在火星上生存又近了一步。目前，美国科学家正计划建造一个更大版本的MOXIE，希望能够产生足够的氧气来支持载人火星任务并产生将火箭送回地球所需的气体。 5．What can we learn about MOXIE in this passage? A．It fails in the seven­hour­long test. B．It performs worse in extreme weather. C．It can improve the chance of survival on Moon. D．It can produce oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“better known as MOXIE，has been generating oxygen from the atmosphere on Mars”可知，MOXIE能够从火星大气中产生氧气，故选D。 6．What's the attitude towards the test results of MOXIE according to Hoffman? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is the first demonstration of...for a human mission”“noted that the results were‘groundbreaking and historic’”可知，Hoffman认为这是首次真正利用火星表面的资源并将其用化学方法转化为对人类任务有用的东西，并指出结果是开创性的和具有历史意义的。由此可推知，他对这一结果的态度是积极的，故选B。 7．What is the purpose of building a bigger version of MOXIE? A．To make MOXIE more advanced. B．To take a lead in this field. C．To meet the need for oxygen. C．To avoid bringing much stuff. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“NASA and the MIT team are...rocket back to Earth”可知，更大版本的MOXIE的任务是产生足够的氧气来支持载人火星任务并产生将火箭送回地球所需的气体，故选C。 8．Where can the text be found? A．In a biography. B．In science fiction. C．In a science magazine. D．In chemistry textbooks. 解析：选C。推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了MOXIE在火星表面产生氧气的事实，属于科技性文章，应来自科技杂志，故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·湖北省八市高三联考)Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife.Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit.A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great honor for me.One day, my guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a__1__hillside instead.We picked our way carefully when__2__a Rafflesia (大王花) popped into my view among those stones.Oh, dear! More than__3__， I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core. __4__ to my surprise, it was only one of the__5__ during the trip.As I__6__ the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see.We planned to__7__ the most feared creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a__8__ of 6 meters or more.When we shone a flashlight toward the muddy shore, little sounds__9__ in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the__10__.Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy__11__ just above the water line.As we drew near, it__12__ and we saw clearly it was a crocodile.With great caution, we neared it and finally could__13__ its true dimensions.It was a baby—no more than 0.6 meter long.Aha, whatever, I could now report to the__14__ back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had__15__ a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. The world out there is so fascinating.Don't let work run your life.Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you? [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者到婆罗洲旅行并偶遇鳄鱼的故事。 1． A．rolling B．spectacular C．rough D．breathtaking 解析：选C。根据上文的turned off the smooth road 可知，导游带作者离开了平坦的山路，smooth意为“平坦的”，此处应与前面形成对比，指的是高低不平的山坡。rough意为“高低不平的”，符合语境。 2． A．suddenly B．literally C．definitely D．ultimately 解析：选A。根据下文的popped into my view可知，此处指的是一朵大王花突然映入眼帘。suddenly意为“突然地”，符合语境。 3． A．alarmed B．pleased C．concerned D．upset 解析：选B。根据下文的I bent down and put my nose practically inside the flower's core.可知，作者蹲下来用鼻子闻花香。由此可知，作者一定很高兴。pleased意为“高兴的”，符合语境。 4． A．Nevertheless B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore 解析：选A。根据语境和下文的it was only one of the ______ during the trip可知，设空处前后为转折关系，设空处应该填入一个表示转折的副词。nevertheless意为“然而”，符合语境。 5． A．desires B．motivations C．destinations D．highlights 解析：选D。根据语境及下文内容可知，作者看到了大王花，但它只是旅途中最精彩的部分之一。highlight意为“最精彩的部分”，符合语境。 6． A．suspended B．suspected C．approached D．valued 解析：选C。根据空后的the end of my trip可知，此处指的是接近旅行的终点。approach意为“接近”，符合语境。 7． A．hold onto B．pick up C．reflect on D．hunt for 解析：选D。根据语境可知，此处表示作者计划在那里寻找最可怕的生物——咸水鳄。 hunt for意为“寻找”，符合语境。pick up“捡起；挑选；开车接(某人)”；reflect on“考虑，回想”，hunt for“猎取，寻找(某物)”。 8． A．width B．length C．height D．size 解析：选B。根据常识和空后的6 meters or more可知，此处指的是咸水鳄的长度。 length意为“长度”，符合语境。 9． A．emerged B．paused C．continued D．declined 解析：选A。句意为：当我们用手电筒照向泥泞的岸边时，黑暗中传来微弱的声音，好像水下有看不见的东西冲破了水面。根据语境和空后的in the darkness 可知，此处指的是黑暗中传出微弱的声音。 10．A．mud B．surface C．ground D．shore 解析：选B。根据下一句中的above the water line 可知，此处指的是有东西冲破水面。surface意为“表面”，符合语境。 11．A．crocodiles B．mouths C．eyes D．teeth 解析：选C。根据下一句中的we saw clearly it was a crocodile和空前的two greedy 可知，此处指的是两只眼睛。 12．A．moved B．sank C．hid D．escaped 解析：选A。根据下文的we saw clearly it was a crocodile可知，当它移动时，作者他们才看清楚那是一条鳄鱼。move意为“移动”，符合语境。 13．A．work out B．let out C．give out D．make out 解析：选D。根据空后的its true dimensions 可知，此处指的是看清楚了鳄鱼的真实大小。make out意为“看清”，符合语境。work out“想出，计算出”；let out “释放，发出”；give out“分发，耗尽”。 14．A．victims B．opponents C．folks D．guides 解析：选C。根据下文的…back home, who had never been to Borneo可知，此处指作者家乡那些从未去过婆罗洲的人。folk意为“人们”，符合语境。 15．A．challenged B．encountered C．terrified D．chased 解析：选B。根据上文内容和空后的a hungry crocodile in the wild 可知，此处指的是作者在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼。encounter意为“遇到”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China's space station, Tiangong, will get 1.____________ (busy) exploring space science and technology in the following years than before, as Shenzhou­15 2.____________ (send) into space finishes the last stage of its construction and kicks off the first stage of its application and development. A“three­step”strategy 3.____________ (start) by China to improve its human space programme in 1992 4.____________ constructing a space station was still a dream, sending astronauts into space and making sure 5.____________ their safe return was the first step.Developing advanced space flight techniques and technologies was the second step.The third step is 6.____________ (construct) and operate a permanent manned space station. In April 2021，the country kicked off the in­orbit construction of its space station 7.__________ (official) by launching the core module (核心舱)Tianhe.“Until now, we 8.____________ (overcome) many technical difficulties，”said Yang Liwei, China's first “space 9.____________ (travel)”．His space flight marked a historic moment：China was now the third nation in the world capable of developing and launching a manned space vehicle. 10．____________ total of 12 astronauts on four spaceships—Shenzhou­12，Shenzhou­13，Shenzhou­14，and Shenzhou­15—have participated in the in­orbit costruction of the space station. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展历程。 1．解析：busier。考查形容词比较级。由于已发射升空的神舟十五号完成了空间站最后一阶段的建造，结束了最后一阶段的应用和研究，未来几年，中国的空间站“天宫”将比之前更加忙于探索空间科学和技术。由句中的get和than before可知，空处应用形容词比较级。 2．解析：sent。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语。send与Shenzhou­15之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 3．解析：was started。考查时态和语态。为改善人类空间项目，1992年中国开始了“三步走”方略。当时建造空间站还只是一个梦想，将宇航员送往太空并确保他们安全返回是首要任务。根据时间状语“in 1992”可知，此处应用一般过去时。start与主语是被动关系，应用被动语态。 4．解析：when。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词1992，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。 5．解析：of。考查介词。make sure of sth“确保……”，是固定搭配，故填of。 6．解析：to construct。考查非谓语动词。第三步是建造并运行永久人造空间站。根据语境可知，空处是非谓语动词作表语；结合空后的“and operate”可知，空处应用不定式。故填to construct。注意：and连接并列的不定式作表语，第二个不定式中的to承前省略了。 7．解析：officially。考查副词。2021年4月，国家发射了天和核心舱，正式开启了在轨空间站建设。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词短语kicked off，应用所给词的副词形式。 8．解析：have overcome。考查时态。中国第一位“太空旅行者”杨利伟说：“到现在，我们已经克服了很多技术难题了。”根据时间状语“Until now”可知，本句用现在完成时。故填have overcome。 9．解析：traveler/traveller。考查名词。此处指中国的第一位“太空旅行者”，故填traveler/traveller。 10．解析：A。考查冠词。共有12名航天员参与了空间站的在轨建设。a total of意为“共有……”。注意：空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 planetary adj.行星的　defense n．保护，防护　astronomer n．天文学家　destination n．终点 B篇 generate v．产生，引起　extreme adj.极端的，严重的，极度的　emit v．发出，射出，散发(光、热、声音、气等)　demonstration n．示范，证明，说明　mutable adj.可变的 核心 短语 A篇 as far as...is concerned就……而言　rely on 依靠，依赖　nuclear weapons 核武器 B篇 transform...into...将……变成…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$