Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．sufficient　　　　　　 adj.足够的，充足的 2．data n．数据，资料，材料 3．evolution n．进化；演变，发展 4．bomb n．炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 5．extract n．提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 6．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验(联想：trial and error反复试验) 7．mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 8．metal n．金属 9．authority n．权威，权力；官方(联想：author作家) 10．error n．错误，差错 (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责，掌管 2．evil n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 3．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用；学分 vt.存入金额；把……归于；相信，信任 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．deadly diseases 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 致命的疾病 2．Shandong Province 山东省 3．postpone leaving for Shanghai 推迟去上海 4．conduct an experiment 进行实验 5．apply theory to practice 将理论应用于实践 6．thunderstorm and lightning 电闪雷鸣 7．be involved in the activity 参与到这项活动中 8．declare the sports meet open 宣布运动会开幕 9．publish a number of books 出版大量书籍　　 拓展词汇 1．survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存；幸免于；从……中逃生；比……活得长→survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→survivor n．幸存者 2．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地→broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围 3．intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．目的；意图；打算 4．limit n．& vt.限制→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．限制；局限；极限 5．contain vt.包含→container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 6．wise adj.明智的；聪明的；博学的→wisely adv.明智地；聪明地；精明地→wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 7．benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 8．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 9．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境 10．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 11．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adj.意外地；偶然地 12．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 13．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favourable adj.赞同的；支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．特别喜爱的东西 14．politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 15．science n．科学→scientist n．科学家→scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 16．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 17．apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请；申请书；适用 18．ignore vt.忽视；不理睬→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignorance n．无知 19．free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地→freedom n．自由 20．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可 21．responsible adj.负责的→responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 22．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的→nationality n．国籍；民族 23．marry v．结婚→marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 重点短语 1.refer to　　　　　　查阅，参考；提到，谈及(对比：refer...to...把……提交给……) 2．speed up (使)加速 3．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的(对比：pay sth off 付清，偿清； pay sb off付清工资后解雇；遣散) 4．by accident 偶然，意外地(反义：on purpose 故意；有意地) 5．let sb down 使某人失望 6．as to 关于，至于(同义：in/with regard to；as regards) 7．take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 8．put forward 提议，建议，提出(近义：come up with) 9．make a difference 有影响，起作用 10．thanks to 幸亏；由于(同义：owing to；due to；as a result/ consequence of) 11．far from the truth 根本不是事实 12．work out 计算出；理解(合成词：workout n．锻炼) 单元佳句 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(动词不定式作后置定语) 2．Inspired by an over 1，600­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语) 3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.(It was not until...that...强调句型) 4．Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu.(含蓄虚拟条件句) 5．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 3．然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4．如果没有丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 5．如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 词汇语境串记 　　Once upon a time，there was a man who was admired by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young，he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine，intending to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty，he dropped out of school.He didn't give up though.He continued to learn by himself. Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them，he referred to many books and eventually used some herbs to save them.Their survival encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments，exploring a broader world.At that time equipment was limited and he couldn't get sufficient data，but he overcame these difficulties.A few years later，his efforts paid off！He edited a nicely illustrated book and had it published．He also gave lectures in different provinces，encouraging others to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，which can be beneficial to global health care. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 从前，有一个人因其伟大的科学成就而受到大多数人的钦佩。他从小就对中医感兴趣，想成为一名著名的医生。但由于贫穷，他就辍学了。但他并没有放弃。他继续自学。 曾经，他村里的一些人患上了一种致命的疾病。为了治愈他们，他查阅了许多书，最终用一些草药拯救了他们。他们的幸存极大地鼓励了他，以至于他开始做更多的科学实验，探索一个更广阔的世界。当时的设备有限，他无法获得充足的数据，但他克服了这些困难。几年后，他的努力得到了回报！他编辑了一本插图精美的书，并就此出版了。他还在不同省份举办讲座，鼓励其他人进一步探索中医药宝库，这有利于全球医疗保健。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空2分，满分30分) 1．deadly　　 　 adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 2．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验 4．household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 5．postpone vt.延迟，延期 6．sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 7．data n．数据，资料，材料 8．conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 9．theory n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见 10．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 11．standout adj.突出的 n．突出的人(或物) 12．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 13．authority n．权威，权力；官方 14．declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 15．publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．refer to　　　　　　 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 3．by accident 偶然，意外地 4．let sb down 使某人失望 5．as to 关于，至于 6．take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 7．put forward 提出，提议，建议 8．make a difference 有影响，起作用 9．thanks to 由于；幸亏 10．work out 计算出；理解 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分24分) 1．I'm sure English will be beneficial (benefit) to your future career. 2．The natural resources we have are limited (limit), so we have no reason to waste resources. 3．No reference (refer) books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. 4．When the container (contain) is full, you can suck the water out through the tube. 5．Even if you have a permit, I won't allow you to enter the hall without my permission (permit)． 6．The android acted as the conductor (conduct) by setting the speed and sound level of the performance. 7．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science) 8．You should behave responsibly, and everyone needs to take responsibility (responsible) for their actions. 9．With the intention (intend) of becoming famous, many ordinary people intend to take part in some TV shows. 10．Any applicant who would like to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before Friday.(apply) Ⅳ.句式仿写(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 1．句型公式：强调句型 正是当我到达电影院后我才意识到我把电影票忘在家里了。 It was when I arrived at the cinema that I realized I had left my film ticket at home. 2．句型公式：不定式作后置定语 她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。 She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games. 3．句型公式：分词短语作状语 他有点害怕，一动不动地站着。 A bit frightened，he stood motionless. 1．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→intended adj.打算的；计划的→intention n．打算；目的；意图 ·intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth 本来打算做某事 ·be intended to do sth/for sth 为……打算(或设计)的 ·with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone.(2023·全国甲卷) (2)中国夏令营是为国际学生准备的，今年暑假将在我们学校举行。 Chinese Summer Camp, which is intended for international students, is going to be held in our school this summer vacation. (3)除此之外，我想知道如果我报名这门课程，我需要付多少钱。(咨询信) Aside from that, I intend to know how much I have to pay for the course if I sign up for it. 2．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境 surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，surrounded (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.(2023·浙江1月卷) (2)垃圾污染的问题变得如此严重，以至于世界上许多城市现在都被垃圾包围。(环境保护) The problem of garbage pollution is getting so serious that many cities around the world are now being surrounded by garbage． 3．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的n.最喜爱的人或物 ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour＝give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙 in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short play.(求助信) →I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play. (2)当听到大多数人不赞成他的观点时，他勃然大怒。(情绪描写) He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion． (3)毋庸置疑，机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。(主旨升华) Undoubtedly，opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready． 4．charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 ·charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪 charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费 ·free of charge＝for free 免费 in charge of 掌管(表状态) take charge of 掌管(表动作) in the charge of 被……掌管；由……负责 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)As long as you've paid in advance we won't charge you for delivery. (2)We have enough evidence and confidence to charge you with abuse of power. (3)得知店主没有收我买礼物的钱，我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。(情感描写) Learning that the shop owner charged me nothing for the present，I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling up within me. 【名师点拨】 　in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的短语还有：in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of。 5．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；卷入的→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连 ·involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人卷入(做)某事 involve doing... 包括/需要做…… ·be/get involved in 参与；卷入；专注于…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)The activity involved students' taking (take) on various chores such as cleaning, cooking, and laundry. (2)听到这个消息，我们感到非常兴奋，按捺不住参与其中的欲望了。 On hearing that, we were extremely excited and couldn't resist the desire to be/ get involved in it. (3)每个对它感兴趣的人都可以报名参加，我们期待着您的积极参与。(通知) Everyone who is interested can sign up for it and we are looking forward to your active involvement． 6．permit vt.& vi.(permitted，permitted，permitting)允许；准许；使有可能→permission n．准许；许可；批准；许可证；通行证 ·permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit (doing) sth 允许(做)某事 ·ask sb for permission 请求某人许可 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Before the emergency can be controlled, no one will be permitted to leave (leave) the community without permission．(permit) (2)如果时间允许，最好是回答学生们提出的一些相关问题。 ①Time permitting, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.(独立主格) ②If time permits, it would be better to answer some relevant questions raised by the students.(条件状语从句) 【名师点拨】 和permit类似用法还有： ①allow doing sth/sb to do sth 允许(某人)做某事；②forbid doing sth/sb to do sth 禁止(某人)做某事；③advise doing sth/sb to do sth 建议(某人)做某事 7．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．公告；宣言 declare sb/sth to be... 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against... 声明赞成/反对…… declare war (on...) (向……)宣战 declare...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. (2)All the residents declared for garbage­sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. (3)在经过全面检查之后，让我们非常高兴的是，我们被宣布为获胜者。 After all our things were checked, to our great joy, we were declared (to be) the winners． 8．refer to 指的是；提到；谈及；参考；查阅 ·refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 refer to...as... 把……称作…… ·reference n． 指称关系；参考 in/with reference to 关于 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)他不仅查阅了许多书法书，而且还咨询了一些书法大师。 Not only has he referred to many calligraphy books, but also he has consulted some calligraphy masters. (2)西湖位于杭州，杭州也被称为“人间天堂”。 ①The West Lake is located in Hangzhou, also referred to as “Heaven on Earth”．(分词作定语) ②The West Lake is located in Hangzhou, which is also referred to as “Heaven on Earth”．(定语从句) 9．put forward 提议，提出，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表) put aside 把……放到一边；储存 put off 推迟；延期 put up with 忍受；容忍 put away 把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 put on 穿上；上演；增加 put up 搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿 put down 放下；写下；镇压 【多维训练】　用put短语的适当形式填空 (1)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. (2)We will put off the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better. (3)I can't make sense of the theory put forward by a famous scholar.Do me a favour to explain it，please. (4)As long as we put aside our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family，we will never let our family down. (5)Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. 10．强调句型 (教材原句)However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦经过多次失败的实验，才成功地发现了青蒿素。 ·强调句型的基本结构：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who… ·强调句型的一般疑问句： Is /Was it +被强调部分+that/who… ·强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it +that… ·not until 的强调句型：It is/was not until + 被强调部分+that… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)I didn't realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness until I experienced the event.(主旨升华) ①Not until I experienced the event did I realize a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.(倒装) ②It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care can melt people's loneliness.(强调句型) (2)正是在你的慷慨帮助下，我坚信我会很快适应大学生活的。 It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. 1.Confucius Institute may be a good choice, which is intended for the Chinese learners who are not native.(推荐信) 2．When I realized that I was the winner of a gold medal, surprise and disbelief surrounded me.I could not believe my eyes.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 3．I'm writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview.(求助信) 4．I will be in charge of/take charge of a theme class meeting designed to introduce traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners.(2021·全国甲卷书面表达) 5．Students should be involved in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.(倡议书) 6．It is Youth that broadens my horizons and helps me to know more about western culture.(投稿信，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．孔子学院可能是一个很好的选择，它是针对母语非汉语的学习者的。 2．当我意识到自己获得了金牌时，惊讶和不可置信将我席卷。我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 3．我写这封信是希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。 4．我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。 5．学生们应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取成长的经验。 6．是Youth开阔了我的视野，帮助我更多地了解西方文化。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．The fact is that there is still no cure for a cold. 2．As you know, citizens have freedom (free) of speech. 3．The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery. 4．Many people in China have limited (limit) exposure to English. 5．It is said that the seats in front are intended for honored guests. 6．Helen is so busy with her work that she takes her neglect of her family for granted. 7．Time permitting (permit), we will set off for the warehouse for some bargains. 8．While giving the speech, contestants are not allowed to refer (refer) to the notes. 9．This is the first time I have written an application (apply) and the personal resume. 10．The headmaster was surrounded (surround) by many people, and he made an inspiring speech. 11．The professor wants to find an assistant who is worth depending on and won't let him down． 12．While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial (benefit) Vitamin D. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中credit的词性和含义 A．n.赞扬，认可　B．vt.相信，信任　C．n.信用(额度)　D．n.学分 ①Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world.__A__ ②When you have obtained at least 40 credits，you may qualify for the job.__D__ ③It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her.__B__ ④What's the credit limit on your credit card？__C__ 2．选出句中charge的词性和含义 A．n.主管，掌管　B．n.指控；控告　C．n.费用　D．vt.收费　E．vt.充电 ①A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full­time education.(2022·全国乙卷)__C__ ②He took charge of the farm after his father's death.__A__ ③He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later.__B__ ④The shaver can be charged and used while travelling.__E__ ⑤There are plenty of other benefits，too：it doesn't charge city tax.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)__D__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①Instead，he applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)vt.涂；涂抹 ②Of the two trips，I favour the former one.(北京卷)vt.偏爱，喜欢 ③There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice.n.寓意，教益 (一)应用文写作 [活动介绍——农场采摘活动] 上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括： 1．农场情况； 2．采摘过程； 3．个人感受。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①上周末，我们学校组织了一场水果采摘活动，旨在让我们学生体验大自然的美。(分词短语作定语) Last weekend，our school organized a fruit picking activity intending to make us students experience the beauty of nature. ②这个农场被绿树环绕，位于我们学校附近的山脚下。(分词短语作状语) Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. ③由于我们的采摘知识有限，我们是在经验丰富的农民的指导下进行的。 Because of our limited knowledge about picking，we did it under the guidance of the experienced farmers. ④这次活动不仅涉及采摘水果，还有把水果做成沙拉、蛋糕和水果茶。[not only...but (also)...] The activity involved not only picking fruits but making fruits into salad，cake as well as fruit tea. ⑤在享受亲近大自然的同时，我们中的一些人会负责采摘树上的桃子。(状语从句的省略) While enjoying being close to nature，some of us took charge of picking peaches covering every tree. ⑥正是通过参与这个采摘活动，我才会意识到工作的重要性。(强调句型) It is through participating in this picking activity that I have become aware of the significance of work. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Last weekend，our school organized a fruit picking activity intending to make us students experience the beauty of nature. Surrounded by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.Because of our limited knowledge about picking，we did it under the guidance of the experienced farmers.The activity involved not only picking fruits but making fruits into salad，cake as well as fruit tea.What's more，while enjoying being close to nature，some of us took charge of picking peaches covering every tree. It is through participating in this picking activity that I have become aware of the significance of work. (二)读后续写 [精彩句式12——巧用状语] 给动词加上适当的修饰成分，可以使动作更加形象生动。适当的修饰语能细致地表达出动作的时间、幅度、速度、力度等，使人物形象更具活力，能更好地表现人物的鲜明个性与思想境界。动作描写中最常见的修饰成分就是状语，如介词短语、副词等。 句型公式1：表“情感”的介词短语，主语＋谓语 ①with＋情感名词：with delight/ excitement/ pleasure/ happiness/ joy/ satisfaction/ anger/ rage/ patience/ fear/ terror/ embarrassment/ pride/ caution/ care/ patience/ certainty等 ②in＋情感名词：in surprise/ amazement /shock/ sorrow等 ③in＋...＋voice：in a high/ low/ sweet/ loud/ soft/ weak voice等 句型公式2：主语＋谓语＋富有表现力的副词/介词结构 佳句 背诵 1.“I don't want to let them down, sir.I couldn't live with myself，” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) “我不想让他们失望，先生。我不能忍受自己，”他低声说，仍然沮丧地低下头。 2．As I stood on the stage of the award presentation, my tears brimmed over and rolled down my cheeks unconsciously.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 当我站在颁奖典礼的舞台上时，我的眼泪溢出，不知不觉地从脸颊上滚落了下来。 佳句 仿写 1.我走近他，轻轻地拍了拍他的头，用温柔的声音问他：“你想变得更勇敢吗？”(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) I got closer to him, patting him on the head slightly and asked him in a soft voice, “Do you want to be braver？” 2．是我体贴的老师激励我要勇敢而积极地面对我的恐惧。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) It is my considerate teacher who inspires me to face my fear bravely and positively. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·石家庄教学质量检测)The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 64 women between 1901 and 2023.These women have made outstanding contributions to the worlds of medicine, science, literature and so on.Here are four of them. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Award：Nobel Prize in Chemistry Year：1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was a British chemist whose interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry book containing experiments with crystals(晶体)．She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X­rays.This earned her the Nobel Prize. Gertrude B．Elion Award：Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Year: 1988 Gertrude B．Elion won the Nobel Prize for her discoveries of important principles for drug treatment.Elion had watched her grandfather die of cancer, so she decided to fight the disease throughout her life.Elion, together with George Hitchings, with whom she shared the award, created a system for drug production that relies heavily on biochemistry. Toni Morrison Award：Nobel Prize in Literature Year：1993 Toni Morrison, whose book Beloved earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award，was the first Black woman to ever receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.Born in Ohio, Morrison was a writer whose works are mostly about life in the Black community.She taught writing and served as an honorary professor at Princeton University. Esther Duflo Award：Nobel Prize in Economics Year：2019 Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband.Duflo has spent much of her career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，where she earned her doctorate degree in 1999.Duflo and her partners were awarded the Nobel Prize for their approach to fighting poverty around the world. [语篇解读]本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 1. What won Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin the Nobel Prize? A．Her book about crystals. B．Her contribution to X­ray development. C．Her research on medicine. D．Her discovery of a new protein crystal. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin部分的“She studied at Oxford University and developed protein crystallography, which advanced the development of X­rays.This earned her the Nobel Prize”可知，Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献使她赢得了诺贝尔奖。故选B项。 2．What do Toni Morrison's books mainly focus on? A．Educational issues. B．Community service. C．Writing techniques. D．Black American's life. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Toni Morrison部分的“whose works are mostly about life in the Black community”可知，Toni Morrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由此可知，Toni Morrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。故选D项。 3．What do Gertrude B．Elion and Esther Duflo have in common? A．They won the Nobel Prize in the same year. B．They devoted themselves to fighting diseases. C．They shared the Nobel Prize with others. D．Their life experiences committed them to their fields. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Gertrude B．Elion部分的“so she decided to fight the disease...with whom she shared the award”和Esther Duflo 部分的“Esther Duflo shared her prize with her research colleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, who is her husband”可知，Gertrude B．Elion和Esther Duflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。故选C项。 B (2024·济南市高三统一检测)Imagine a new smartphone product.It works the same way as any other smartphone，but when it is dropped，those cracks that appear after an annoying fall slowly begin to fade away，and the phone magically repairs itself.A team of researchers led by chemistry professor Takuzo Aida have found a way to create self­repairing plastics that can be used in smartphones，cars and other products.But their new plastics won't only be used to create unbreakable products, but also help the fight against growing wastes harming the planet. 91% of plastics are non­recyclable and filling the Earth with wastes.The increasing plastics in landfills are a growing concern due to their negative environmental impact.In 2019 about only 9% of plastics were recycled globally, leading Japanese scientists to seek to find plastics that can start their own formation or self­repair. The self­repairing plastics are made by adding a tiny amount of a specialized substance into ordinary plastics to hold the monomers (单体) together by hydrogen bonds (氢键)．When the new plastics are broken down by heat, instead of being burnt to wastes, the hydrogen bonds mix and allow for the formation of specially shaped monomers to create a foundation for more monomers to rebuild themselves.The team found that their self­healing plastics were able to automatically repair themselves at room temperature over an hour to regain their durability. The team's work suggests great prospects for the future of plastics.“The technique could lead to the development of a made­to­last plastic that does not need to be recycled，” lead professor Aida said, “and can one day be used in products from smartphones to cars and even buildings.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。日本化学教授相田卓三带领的研究组发明了一种可以自我修复的塑料，这种塑料有一天可以用于手机和汽车制造等，能够避免回收问题。本文重点介绍了该塑料的工作原理等信息。 4．What is the special feature of the new plastics? A．Hard to break. B．Cheap to produce. C．Good for health. D．Easy to recycle. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team of...create unbreakable products”可知，这种塑料的特别之处是它们难以破裂。 5．What drove scientists to search for the new plastics? A．Global warming. B．Industrial needs. C．Economic crisis. D．Green awareness. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 2019 about...formation or self­repair”可知，2019年全球只有约9%的塑料被回收，这促使日本科学家们寻找可以自我修复的塑料。由此可以推知，环保意识促使日本科学家们寻找这种塑料。 6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the new plastics? A．Their social effect. B．Their main function. C．Their working principle. D．Their economic value. 解析：选C。段落大意题。通读第三段可知，这种自我修复的塑料是通过在普通塑料中加入少量的特殊物质并通过氢键将单体结合在一起而制成的。当这种新型塑料被加热分解时，氢键就会混合，从而形成特殊形状的单体，为更多单体的重建创造基础。据此可知，第三段主要介绍了这种可自我修复塑料的工作原理。 7．What is Aida's attitude towards the new plastics? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据尾段Aida所说的话“The technique could...to be recycled”“and can...even buildings”可知，Aida认为这项技术可以开发出一种不需要回收的永久塑料，将来可以用于从智能手机到汽车甚至建筑等领域。据此可以推知，Aida对这一新型塑料持赞同的态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 “Never give up！Never give up！”chanted (反复唱) my two young kids, Grain and May, as they __1__ barefoot behind their grandmother Lucy.Lucy was leading them on yet another __2__， straight off the beach where they had played before.This time, they were __3__ the ice­cream truck. Over the years, Mom taught me just how much one could achieve with a __4__ attitude.She has taken the same __5__ in her relationship with her grandchildren.Grain and May were disappointed at missing the ice­cream man that day.That was until Lucy's eyes __6__ and she said, “Never give up！”She explained that the truck might be gone, but they could hurry to find it at its next __7__. They walked block after block.Not knowing which direction the truck had taken, they had to make a(n) __8__ guess about where to search.My kids' tiny legs were tired, but they moved on, continuing to chant, “Never give up！” After about twenty minutes of walking, Grain began to __9__ his faith in the mission.He wondered out loud, “Maybe we should give up.We have been walking pretty far and haven't seen the truck yet.” May yelled, “No __10__！ Never give up！”and continue her chant with Lucy.Somewhat doubtful Grain __11__ without protest. Just two blocks later, they found it.Lucy threw a triumphant (庆祝胜利的) fist in the air, and Grain and May screamed with __12__， “Never give up！” At that moment, my mom had done for my children what she had done for me countless times.__13__ though it was, that phrase has become our battle cry for the challenges we face.Whatever setbacks they __14__， I know I can always look at Grain and May and say，“Never give up！”Upon hearing those words, they are instantly __15__ to a positive state of mind—where the next ice­cream truck is just around the corner. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己的母亲“永不言弃”的精神不仅教育了自己，也培养了下一代人。 1． A．surfed B．protested C．marched D．bargained 解析：选C。根据空后的barefoot behind their grandmother Lucy和下文的They walked block after block.可知，两个孩子是光着脚跟在祖母后面。march意为“行进”，符合语境。 2． A．performance B．adventure C．escape D．purchase 解析：选B。根据最后一段第一句中的they found it可知，祖母带着两个孩子找冰激凌车，作者认为这是一次奇遇之旅。adventure意为“奇遇，冒险经历”，符合语境。 3． A．running B．painting C．fixing D．seeking 解析：选D。根据下文的描述可知，祖孙三人是在寻找冰激凌车。seek意为“寻找”，符合语境。 4． A．positive B．carefree C．flexible D．tolerant 解析：选A。根据文中多处出现的Never give up！可知，这是一种积极乐观的态度。positive意为“积极的”，符合语境。 5． A．responsibility B．approach C．interest D．lesson 解析：选B。设空处上一句作者提到母亲教自己要有乐观的态度，此处讲述作者的母亲在处理她和孙辈之间的关系时也是这样的，所以采用的方法是一样的。approach意为“方法”，符合语境。 6． A．stared at B．lit up C．glared down D．misted over 解析：选B。根据空后的she said, “Never give up！”可知，祖母的态度应该是积极的，故此处指祖母两眼一亮。light up意为“发亮”，符合语境。glare down“照射”；mist over“结雾，使蒙上水汽”。 7． A．shop B．customer C．owner D．stop 解析：选D。根据语境可知，因为冰激凌车是流动的，所以祖母认为可能在下一个停车点能找到它。stop意为“停车站”，符合语境。 8． A．rough B．wild C．safe D．accurate 解析：选A。根据上文的Not knowing which direction the truck had taken可知，祖孙三人不知道冰激凌车去了哪个方向，所以只能大致猜测一下。rough意为“粗略的；大致的”，符合语境。 9． A．restore B．express C．shake D．spread 解析：选C。根据下文的Maybe we should give up.可知，走了大概二十分钟以后，格兰的信心开始动摇了。shake意为“摇晃，晃动”，符合语境。 10．A．doubt B．wonder C．way D．use 解析：选C。根据空后梅的回答Never give up！可知，梅劝说格兰不要放弃，所以此处是梅对格兰的阻止。no way意为“决不，不行”，符合语境。 11．A．questioned B．complained C．declined D．agreed 解析：选D。根据空后的without protest 可知，格兰同意了梅的观点。agree意为“同意”，符合语境。 12．A．relief B．belief C．hope D．thrill 解析：选D。前文提到祖母向空中挥舞着胜利的拳头，由此可知，祖孙三人找到冰激凌车后应是兴奋激动的。thrill意为“激动，兴奋”，符合语境。 13．A．Appealing B．Simple C．Crucial D．Shallow 解析：选B。根据语境可知，本句的主语it指代的是后面主句中的that phrase，也就是Never give up！，连词though引导的是让步状语从句，两个分句之间是转折关系，所以此处指虽然这句话很简单。simple意为“简单的”，符合语境。 14．A．overcome B．anticipate C．encounter D．abandon 解析：选C。根据下文I know I can always look at Grain and May and say, “Never give up！”可知，无论遇到什么挫折，作者都会用“永不放弃！”这句话来鼓励孩子们。encounter意为“遇到”，符合语境。 15．A．transported B．identified C．translated D．Limited 解析：选A。根据文章可知，祖母用这句话来鼓励孩子们，所以听到这些话，孩子们会立刻转变成积极的态度。transport意为“使产生身临其境的感觉”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Smooth yet tensile.Versatile (用途广泛的) and durable.With these qualities, Xuan paper 1.______ (know) as the “Paper of Ages”． The term Xuan paper first appeared in Famous Paintings Through the Ages, a book 2.__________ (write) by Tang Dynasty (618－907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in 3.____________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China's Anhui province, was listed as 4.__________ gift served to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period. The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 5.____________ (extreme) demanding.Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform 6.____________ a bunch of fine Xuan paper.The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master a limited number of 7.____________ (step)． The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent 8.____________ (able) to give full play to ink. Xuan paper 9.____________ (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati for thousands of years.Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time.It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 10.____________ (value) works from ancient China possible. Paper­making is a crystallization of wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper­making. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的宣纸的历史以及制作程序。 1．解析：is known。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸以其优良的品质，被誉为“千古寿纸”。表示“被称为……”短语为be known as，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Xuan paper，谓语用单数。故填is known。 2．解析：written。考查非谓语动词。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代(618－907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词write与逻辑主语book构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上题。此处为介词＋关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Famous Paintings through the Ages”指物，关系词替代先行词作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。故填which。 4．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质在这一时期成为朝廷御用宣纸。gift此处为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．解析：extremely。考查副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。修饰后文形容词demanding应用副词extremely作状语，故填extremely。 6．解析：into。考查介词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，它与秸秆一起经过三年的时间和108道工序，才能变成一捆精美的宣纸。短语transform into表示“变成”。故填into。 7．解析：steps。考查名词单复数。句意：整个过程是如此复杂，以至于即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。step为可数名词，根据上文a number of (许多)可知应填step的复数。故填steps。 8．解析：ability。考查名词。句意：受制于水的引导和阻力作用的水墨流动决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸因其能将水墨的能力充分发挥出来而使其他纸张黯然失色。作介词的宾语，应用名词ability。故填ability。 9．解析：has accompanied。考查时态。句意：几千年来，中国文人在宣纸上挥洒才情。根据后文for thousands of years可知，谓语动词accompany为现在完成时，主语为Xuan paper，助动词用has。故填has accompanied。 10．解析：valuable/invaluable。考查形容词。句意：正是它的耐久性使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存下来。修饰名词works应用形容词valuable，作定语，表示“珍贵的”；或用形容词invaluable表示“极宝贵的”，作定语。故填valuable/invaluable。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 principle n．道德原则；法则；观念　biochemistry n．生物化学　honorary adj.荣誉的，光荣的；名誉的 B篇 crack n．裂纹，裂缝　formation n．组成，形成　substance n．物质，物品，东西　automatically adv.自动地 词缀 变形 B篇 magically adv.如魔法般地→magical adj.有魔力的，奇妙的→magic n．魔术，法术 核心 短语 A篇 make outstanding contributions to 对……做出卓越贡献　serve as 充当， 担任　doctorate degree 博士学位　fight poverty 对抗贫困 B篇 fade away 逐渐消失 七选五专项练(三) 第一组 A (2024·山东省青岛市第三次适应性检测)Being a teenager is hard.1.________ And parents don't always know how to be supportive.Clinical psychologist Lisa Damour says instead of jumping into problem­solving mode, parents can learn to ride the wave of emotional management with their teens.Here are some of her suggestions. 2．________ One of the best gifts you can give them is to be a steady presence and lead with curiosity and empathy (共情)．When a teen is experiencing low self­esteem, Damour says comforting doesn't work nearly as well as we would like.3.________Try saying, “You know that's not true, but it must feel awful to feel that way.” Talking about emotions is good, but there can be a tipping point when talking too much about feelings.In this situation, Damour suggests comforting and then shifting a teen who's over­processing their emotions into something else.4.________ For the teen who doesn't talk about their feelings, Damour reminds parents that there are healthy non­verbal ways to process emotions.Listening to music, playing sports and making art are healthy ways for teens to work through emotions that don't involve having a discussion. 5．________ But Damour notes that when a teen is too sensitive to some negative feelings and they're using destructive behaviors to cope, it's time to step in and give more support or seek professional help. A．They are much more dependent on themselves. B．Another way to help a teen is to turn to professionals. C．Instead, she suggests empathizing with how the teen feels. D．Every day holds the possibility of emotional highs and lows. E．Remember that your teens are at a demanding developmental stage. F．You can suggest doing an activity they enjoy and revisit the issue the next day. G．Your teens deserve encouraging when their emotions are handled in a healthy way. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何应对青少年的情绪问题提出了一些建议。 1．解析：选D。根据上文“Being a teenager is hard.”可知，本句承接上文说明做青少年困难之处在哪里。D选项“每天都有情绪起伏的可能”符合语境，故选D。 2．解析：选E。根据下文“One of the best gifts you can give them is to be a steady presence and lead with curiosity and empathy (共情)．”可知，下文提到了给青少年最好的礼物是保持稳定的存在感，由此可知，本句是在说明这么做的原因。故E选项“记住，你的青少年正处于一个要求很高的发展阶段”符合语境，故选E。 3．解析：选C。根据上文“When a teen is experiencing low self­esteem, Damour says comforting doesn't work nearly as well as we would like.”可知，上文提到安慰并不像我们希望的那样有效，故本句是在说明正确的做法。故C选项“相反，她建议对青少年的感受感同身受”符合语境，故选C。 4．解析：选F。根据上文可知，本句承接上文说明如何转移青少年的注意力。故F选项“你可以建议做一项他们喜欢的活动，第二天再讨论这个问题”符合语境，故选F。 5．解析：选G。下文提到了青少年对某些负面情绪过于敏感时，需要介入，说明本句主要是在说明青少年处理情绪的方式。故G选项“当你的孩子以健康的方式处理他们的情绪时，他们应该得到鼓励”符合语境，故选G。 B (2024·湖南省名校联盟冲刺压轴卷)Getting older involves changes in all realms of life, from the physical to the mental, to the social, emotional, sexual, and more.Ideally, you'll have already been practicing healthy habits throughout your life.But even if you haven't, it's never too late to start taking active steps to maintain and even improve your health.Adopting even a few of the habits will start you on the right track. 1．________According to Medline Plus, exercising regularly can improve your balance, help keep you mobile, improve your mood by reducing feelings of anxiety and depression, and contribute to better cognitive functioning.2.________Any exercise at all is better than none.CDC recommends 150 minutes of moderate­intensity aerobic activity each week; you can further break this down into 30 active minutes a day for five days a week. One article found that participants who reported higher levels of social activity were more likely to experience more positive moods, fewer negative feelings, and higher levels of physical activity.If you don't currently have an active social life, look for opportunities to reconnect with old friends or make new ones.3.________ Regular checkups with your doctor are opportunities to catch problems early and treat them before they become bigger problems.If you are experiencing memory or mobility issues, or have been recently hospitalized, you may want to schedule an appointment with geriatricians (老年病学专家)．4.________ Following an initial consultation, they can help you create a care plan tailored to your needs. It may seem like a no­brainer, but it bears repeating that you should always take any medication prescribed to you exactly as directed by your doctor.However, it's also worth doing a periodic medication review with your primary care doctor to discuss whether all of your prescriptions are still necessary.5.________ A．It's also an important part of managing some chronic diseases. B．They specialize in the care and treatment of older people. C．Keep in mind that your pharmacist is another resource for information. D．Seek out like­minded others that corresponds to an interest of yours. E．Keeping physically active can help reduce many of the effects of aging. F．Feeling constantly exhausted or depressed is not normal at any age. G．It's important to know what's normal for your body as you age. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着年龄的增长，我们该如何保持健康、幸福的生活状态。本文主要给老年人推荐了几条保持健康的好习惯。 1．解析：选E。此空位于段首，应是本段的中心句。根据后文“According to Medline Plus, exercising regularly can improve your balance, help keep you mobile, improve your mood by reducing feelings of anxiety and depression, and contribute to better cognitive functioning.”可知，E项承接上文，开启下文，说明经常锻炼的重要性符合语境。故选E。 2．解析：选A。根据下文“Any exercise at all is better than none.”并结合上文可知，A项中It指代前句中的关键词exercising。 3．解析：选D。根据上文“If you don't...or make new ones.”可知，D项寻找与你志趣相投的人，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 4．解析：选B。根据上文“If you are experiencing memory or mobility issues, or have been recently hospitalized, you may want to schedule an appointment with geriatricians.”以及下文“Following an initial consultation, they can help you create a care plan tailored to your needs.”可知，B项承上启下，其中的They指代前句geriatricians，符合语境，故选B。 5．解析：选C。本空位于段尾，是对本段的总结。根据上文可知，此处是在讲述和你的各种医生保持沟通，所以C项“Keep in mind that your pharmacist is another resource for information.(记住，你的药剂师是另一个信息来源)”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 C (2024·山东省泰安市模拟)Is English grammar useful or useless in learning English？1.________Their creators don't believe it's necessary to study strict grammar rules to understand and speak a language.And they might be true to some extent. However, grammar is the foundation of every language.It's a system of rules that allow us to structure sentences.2.________Well, it's true that learning grammar can be challenging, especially if you think about it that way. In fact, learning grammar doesn't have to involve memorizing a bunch of rules from a textbook.3.________Games are also a great method of communicative grammar practice.In other words, you should see grammar in action.You shouldn't only learn grammar rules but rather see them in usage. 4．________Learning grammar is not a prerequisite (先决条件), but it'll help you increase accuracy and learn the language a little faster.You can see it as a shortcut for building sentences and expressing yourself.It's true that learning grammar takes time.And we won't lie to you—it does take time, even if you use innovative learning methods.But once you start learning it, you'll realize it's not that complicated.Things will start to make sense.5.________ On the other hand, if you're planning to travel and you simply want to learn practical vocabulary to get around the city, you don't have to spend time mastering grammar. A．And it will definitely be worthwhile in the end. B．What we're trying to say is that grammar matters. C．But if you want to become fluent, you shouldn't avoid it. D．But people are often afraid of it or they find it terribly boring. E．Grammar can be learnt through examples, stories，and context. F．Many apps and online courses avoid in­depth grammar lessons. G．And a different approach to learning grammar matters even more. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了英语语法在学习英语中有用还是无用的问题。 1．解析：选B。根据上文“Is English grammar useful or useless in learning English？”可知，此处提出了文章要论述的话题。根据下文“Their creators don't believe it's necessary to study strict grammar rules to understand and speak a language.And they might be true to some extent.”可知，此处讲述了语法创造者的看法。选项B能够承上启下，说明了我们大多数人对语法的一种看法，符合语境。 故选B。 2．解析：选D。根据下文“Well, it's true that learning grammar can be challenging, especially if you think about it that way.”可知，设空处讲述的是学习语法具有挑战性。D项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选D。 3．解析：选E。根据上文“In fact, learning grammar doesn't have to involve memorizing a bunch of rules from a textbook.”及下文“Games are also a great method of communicative grammar practice.”可知，此处讲述的是学习语法的方法有很多，E项能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 4．解析：选C。根据下文“Learning grammar is not a prerequisite (先决条件), but it'll help you increase accuracy and learn the language a little faster.You can see it as a shortcut for building sentences and expressing yourself.”可知，学习语法不是先决条件，但是想要准确、快速地学习语言和表达自己，这是不可避免的。由此可知，C项能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 5．解析：选A。根据上文“And we won't lie to you—it does take time, even if you use innovative learning methods.But once you start learning it, you'll realize it's not that complicated.Things will start to make sense.”可知，一旦你花时间开始学习语法，事情将开始变得有意义，最后所有的付出将是有价值的。由此可知，A项能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。 D Sustainability for kids can start with a seed.We put together some ways to involve the whole family in protecting the environment. Go on a hike.Parental involvement in early childhood education looks different in various settings from preschool to home and to the grocery store.1.________Going on a hike together can be an ideal thing to investigate a local ecosystem, look for signs of the changing season, and gain an overall appreciation of the world outdoors.Plus, by bringing an extra garbage bag and gloves to pick up trash along the way, parents can show kids some educational activities. Go green for holidays.Make holidays fun while also supporting a green environment for kids.Use LED lights for decorative lighting.2.________Decrease your carbon footprint and purchase holiday gifts from local shops. 3．________Parents don't need an acre of land to teach their children that food doesn't grow at the grocery store.All they need is sunlight, water and dirt.A windowsill is the perfect spot to grow herbs.A back deck can grow beautiful tomatoes.Plant peach seeds in a small container.4.________ Recycle together.Recycling activities for kids can be fun and support family involvement in education at the same time.5.________Then work with them to make something new out of the recycled items, such as making boxes out of recycled cardboard and storage tins out of recycled cans. A．Plant a “garden”． B．Don't buy food from the grocery. C．Protecting the environment for kids is important. D．Parents should tell children what they can recycle. E．And the children can watch a little peach tree grow. F．Recycle Christmas trees instead of throwing them away. G．To a child, every setting and every moment can be a teachable one. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家长与孩子一起参与环保的四个方法。 1．解析：选G。上文“Parental involvement in early childhood education looks different in various settings from preschool to home and to the grocery store.”说明父母可以在不同的环境中教育孩子，G项“对孩子来说，每一个环境和每一个时刻都是可教的。”承接上文，符合语境。 2．解析：选F。上文“Go green for holidays.”说明在假期进行活动要绿色环保，F项“回收圣诞树，而不是扔掉它们。”具体介绍绿色环保的行为，承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 3．解析：选E。下文“Plant peach seeds in a small container.”说明可以让孩子种植桃树，E项中peach tree是关键词，E项引出下文，符合语境。 4．解析：选A。上文“A windowsill is the perfect spot to grow herbs.A back deck can grow beautiful tomatoes.Plant peach seeds in a small container.”说明可以在不同的地方种植不同的植物，A项“种植一个‘花园’。”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 5．解析：选D。上下文说明具体的回收活动方式，D项中recycle是关键词，D项“父母应该告诉孩子他们可以回收什么。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 第二组 A The Science of Risk­Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.1.________ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk­takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.2.________As the quality of risk­taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200，000 years ago, too much risk­taking could get one killed.A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay­in­the­cave types.As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.3.________ No matter where you are on the risk­seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.4.______To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 5．________For the risk­seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk­seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A．It all depends on your character. B．Those are the risks you should jump to take. C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D．Thus, these well­equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关． 1．解析：选F。根据前文“because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking”可知，当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。再根据后文“Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.”有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与前文为转折关系，故选F。 2．解析：选C。根据前文“Risk­takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring.”可知，喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接前文。 故选C。 3．解析：选A。根据前文“So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it.”可知，也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。 故选A。 4．解析：选E。根据前文“scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.”可知，科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据后文“To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.”可知，为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”符合语境。故选E。 5．解析：选G。根据后文“For the risk­seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.”可知，不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 符合语境。故选G。 B You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be？” 1.______ But many of you still don't have a clue！Here are some things you might want to consider. First, does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的).2.________While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand.These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology. Second, choose a career that interests you.Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then going to work every day won't seem a chore.It's also likely that you will stay and grow in this career.Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type.3.________ Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession's earning power！Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress.4.________ If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work. 5．________Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.” A．We need to be forward­looking at our future prospects. B．Some of you may have already decided on a career path. C．Trying different work can help you find out your favorite job. D．This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you. E．Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges. F．People's wages are lower in industries with slow technological change. G．Thinking about a life­long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选择职业道路的时候你可能需要考虑的事情。 1．解析：选B。根据下文“But many of you still don't have a clue！”中转折连词But可知，上下文有转折关系，B项讲有些人已经决定了职业道路，与下文“很多人还是不知道”构成转折关系，回答了前文的问题“what do you want to be？”。 2．解析：选A。上文“First, does the career you are considering have staying power? Will it be in demand in 20 years? Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的)．”提出技术变革会改变职业，要考虑未来可能的变化，A项承接上文，提出要展望职业前景，句中“future prospects”与上文“in 20 years”相照应。 3．解析：选D。上文“Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type.”提出选择职业前要进行自我评估，D项承接上文，说明这样做的作用，句中“This”指代上文中“examine your values, skills and personality type”。 4．解析：选E。上文提出与高薪相伴的是更多的付出与挑战，E项“Only the truly motivated will likely be able to meet these challenges.”承接上文，说明什么样的人才能面对这些挑战，句中“these challenges”与上文“require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress”相照应。 5．解析：选G。设空句是末段首句，是对全文的总结。G项“Thinking about a life­long career at this stage in your life is surely challenging.”提出考虑一生的事业是具有挑战性的事情，下文用一句谚语给出解答，从而实现对全文的总结。 C (2024·衡水中学素养测评)For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.1.________． Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.2.________， causing the person who's the object of a person's stare to feel overly studied and uncomfortable. 3．________．The New Zealand Medical Journal reported that one reason so many young children fall victim to attacks by pet dogs is their overly­lasting eye contact with pets, which causes them to feel threatened and defensive. Overly lasting eye contact is also a sign of a person's over­awareness of the messages they are giving.In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it.4.________．But on the contrary, evasive (逃避的) eye contact is a sign of discomfort.Why do we avoid looking at a person? It may be because we feel ashamed to be looking at them if we're being dishonest of trying to take them in.Evasive eye contact may also a sign of dishonesty. However, Scotland's University of Stirling found that, in a question­and­answer study among children, those who maintained eye contact were less likely to come up with the correct answer to a question than those who looked away to consider their response.5.________， when this energy could be spent on deep thinking. A．This is a widely recognized indicator of lying B．Constant eye contact is often considered to be rude C．Eye contact is the act of looking into someone's eyes D．But there's something you may not know about eye contact E．Overpowering eye contact can make the other person excited F．Even between humans and non­humans, lasting eye contact is sometimes unadvisable G．Eye contact, as a socializing device, can take a surprising amount of effort to maintain 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。 1．解析：选D。根据上文“For making contact and communicating with a person, effective eye contact is essential to our everyday interaction with people, and also to those who want to be effective communicators in public places.”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。 2．解析：选B。根据上文“Generally in Western societies and many other cultures, eye contact with a person is expected to be regular but not overly persistent.”可知，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。 3．解析：选F。根据下文可知，儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文，下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。 4．解析：选A。根据上文“In the case of people who try to lie to someone, they may distort (扭曲) their eye contact so that they're not avoiding it.”可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。 5．解析：选G。根据下文“when this energy could be spent on deep thinking”可知，文章结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持，我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。 D (2024·山东省济宁市模拟)Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.1.________For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.While domestic growing doesn't involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing, it's important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over­consumption of plants is a big issue.It's so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.2.________The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer.This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don't look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion.3.________． If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate (繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others.4.________Meanwhile, we can build a community of like­minded, passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality.5.________And they can be passed down the generations. A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D．These will last many years and be more cost­effective in the long term. E．So it's important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G．Many large­scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。 1．解析：选G。上文“Growing plants is often seen as a very ‘green’ thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.”提到种植植物需要大量的能量，下文“For example, they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.”举例说明种植者是如何减少种植对环境的影响，下文的They代指选项G中的“Many large­scale growers”。故选G。 2．解析：选A。上文“It's so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“The more plants you have, the more limited your time and resources become, and plants can suffer.”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处引起下文，和上文是转折关系，也是指出为什么不要将大量植物带回家，故选A。 3．解析：选E。上文“This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don't look perfect or stop flowering, in a similar way to the world of fast fashion.”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，故选E。 4．解析：选C。上文“If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others.”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，上文中的“share plants with others”呼应选项C中的“a sharing culture”。 5．解析：选D。上文指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少量购买一些质量较高的东西，空处承接上文，解释了这么做的原因。These代指上文“fewer things of a higher quality”，故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$