Unit 2 Natural disasters（教师用书word）-【金版新学案】2025年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版2020）

Unit 2　Natural disasters 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．county 　　　 n．郡，县(形近：country国家；乡村) 2．pole n．柱，杆；极(联想：the north pole北极) 3．unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到(助记：un­＋earth) 4．disaster n．灾难，灾害；彻底失败 5．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 6．document n．文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 7．destination n．目的地，终点 8．dawn n．黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚(联想：at dawn在黎明) (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．crash n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 2．roll n．名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 3．beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处； 除……之外；晚于；无法；超出……之外 4．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入； 充满；使大受感动 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．a danger signal　　　　　　　　 危险信号 2．the exit of the hall 大厅的出口 3．hug the rescue workers tightly 紧紧地抱住救援人员 4．An earthquake occurred. 地震爆发了。 5．a formal conference 一个正式会议 6．the supply of gas 天然气供应 7．disaster­relief fund 灾难救援基金 8．import license 进口许可证 9．the rich pattern of its floors 地板的丰富图案 10．many columns of the English newspaper 英语报的许多专栏　 拓展词汇 1.injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n．损伤，损害→injured adj.受伤的 2．react vi.反应，回应→reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 3．order n．顺序，次序；秩序；命令 v．命令→orderly adj.有秩序的；有条理的，整齐的 4．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．证实，证明书 5．relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济物→relieve vt.缓解；使轻松，宽慰→relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的 6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭；破坏→destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭的)，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruction n．摧毁；毁灭；破坏 7．inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知→information n．信息→informed adj.有学问的；有见识的；见多识广的 8．shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克；打击 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 9．scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n．恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的；恐惧的→scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的 10．power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量；电源→powerful adj.强有力的，强大的→powerless adj.无力的，无能的 11．donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠 12．curious adj.好奇的；奇特的；求知欲强的→curiosity n．好奇，好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地，奇怪地 13．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．爆(喷)发 14．distant adj.遥远的，冷漠的→distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 15．sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharpen vi.& vt.(使)变得锋利→sharply adv.尖刻地；严厉地；猛烈地；急剧地 16．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→location n．地方；地点；位置 17．retire vi.& vt.退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→retirement n．退休 重点短语 1．safe and sound　　 安然无恙的 2．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 3．run out of 用完，耗尽(对比：run out用完；耗尽，主语为物) 4．break out 突然开始，爆发 5．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 (对比：hold on等着；挺住；别挂断) 6．to one's relief 让某人宽慰的是 7．in detail 详细地 8．flood in 大量涌入(联想：a flood of大量) 9．in all directions 四面八方 10．above all 最重要的是 11．in the distance 在远处 单元佳句 1.At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.(in case引导目的状语从句) 2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(the moment引导时间状语从句；动词不定式作定语) 3．NEWDALE—On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.(leave＋宾语＋宾补) 4．Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio，while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.(while 连接并列分句，表对比) 5．Its ashy rocks，now dark，now light，told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！(情态动词＋have done) 6．Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.(as if 引导方式状语从句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开了。 2．晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3．纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。 4．爸爸在听收音机里的天气预报，而妈妈正在把他们重要的文件和灾难必需品放入一个包里。 5．火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！ 6．它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完的样子；地板上丰富的图案一点都没有褪色。 词汇语境串记 　　A county located at the foot of a high mountain has beautiful scenery.So it is the destination of many visitors every year.Unfortunately，one day an earthquake broke out there，which was one of the most destructive natural disasters．It was natural that a person couldn't keep his head when a terrible disaster occurred，not to mention the children.Some cried; some were scared and even became numb.Others hugged each other tightly.Luckily，only a small number of people were badly injured，and most suffered slight injuries．Everywhere people looked，there was nothing but ruins.They were in shock．Soon after the quake，the rescue team arrived.After confirming that most people were safe and sound，the leader smiled with relief．Some charities immediately supplied the county with food，shelters and funds；many individuals also began to donate some food and clothes to the victims the moment they were informed of the news. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 一个位于高山山脚下的县有美丽的风景。所以它是每年许多游客的目的地。不幸的是，有一天那里爆发了地震，这是最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。当可怕的灾难发生时，一个人无法保持清醒是很自然的，更不用说孩子们了。有些人哭了，有些人害怕了，甚至变得麻木了。其他人则紧紧地互相拥抱。幸运的是，只有少数人受了重伤，大多数人都受了轻伤。人们目光所及之处只有废墟。他们震惊了。地震发生后不久，救援队就赶到了现场。在确认大多数人都安然无恙后，领队宽慰地笑了。一些慈善机构立即向该县提供了食物、庇护所和资金；许多人一得知这个消息，就开始向受害者捐赠一些食物和衣服。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空2分，满分30分) 1．disaster 　 　 n．灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2．signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 3．confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 4．hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 5．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 6．occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 7．conference n．会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 8．supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供 9．flood n．洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 10．destination n．目的地，终点 11．import n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 12．export n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 13．pattern n．图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 14．rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救 15．locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) Ⅱ.默写短语(每空3分，满分30分) 1．safe and sound　　 安然无恙的 2．occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 3．run out of 用完，耗尽 4．break out 突然开始，爆发 5．hold on to 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 6．to one's relief 让某人宽慰的是 7．in detail 详细地 8．in all directions 四面八方 9．above all 最重要的是 10．in the distance 在远处 Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分24分) 1．Watch out! The road bends sharply (sharp) to the right 100 meters ahead. 2．At last, the donation (donate) is given to those who are in need. 3．The destructive rainstorm hit the town, leaving great destruction．(destroy) 4．We all have to accept that as we get older our reaction (react) slow down. 5．Biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar (pole) bears worldwide. 6．People present at the meeting produced powerful (power) arguments against his ideas. 7．To ensure staff returned to work in a safe and orderly (order) manner, they sent buses to pick them up. 8．The device could be applied in various scenarios, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance (distant)． 9．Children will ask all kinds of questions curiously．To meet their curiosity,__we'd better answer them patiently.(curious) 10．Rescuers said the injured (injure) were taken to a hospital nearby, but fortunately the injury was not serious. Ⅳ.句式仿写(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 1．句型公式：in case引导条件状语从句 首先，万一地震发生你应该保持冷静。 First of all，you should keep calm in case an earthquake happens． 2．句式公式：the moment 作连词 我们二十年没有见面了，但是我一见到他就认出他来了。 We hadn't met each other for 20 years but I recognised him the moment I saw him． 3．句式公式：现在分词短语作状语 玛丽掩面啜泣。(悲伤情绪描写) Mary sobbed，hiding her face in her hands． 1．signal v．发信号；示意；标志；表明 n．信号；暗号；标志；信号灯 ·signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal sb that... 示意某人…… ·a traffic signal 交通信号灯 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)The headteacher signal(l)ed to the monitor to manage (manage) the students strictly. (2)铃声意味着放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出了教室。(动作链) The bell signal(l)ed that school was over，and all the students rose to their feet，seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows. 2．occur vi.(occurred，occurred，occurring)发生；出现→occurrence n．发生；出现 sth occurs to sb 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that... 某人突然想起…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我从没想过他会在写作比赛中取得如此大的成功。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) ①It never occurred to me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (occur) ②It never hit me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (hit) ③It never struck me that he would make such a great success in the writing contest. (strike) 3．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱；救济物→relieve vt.使轻松，宽慰；缓解→relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的；显得开心的 ·in/with relief 欣慰地，释然地 to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是 ·relieve sb of... 将某人从……中解脱出来 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)直升机一着陆，我们马上就上了飞机，既兴奋又如释重负。(动作与心理描写，2020·浙江7月卷) Once the helicopter landed，we got onto it in no time，excited and relieved． (2)听说他的女儿已经康复了，他松了一口气。 Hearing that his daughter had recovered from the illness，he sighed in relief. 4．inform vt.了解；熟悉；通知；告知→informed adj.见多识广的；有学问的→information n．信息 ·inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事 inform sb that... 通知某人…… ·keep sb informed of/about... 通知某人关于……；使某人知道…… 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)It's necessary for us to keep the new staff informed (inform) of the procedure of taking office. (2)你能提前告知我你的计划，以便我据此做出安排吗？(邀请信) Would you please inform me of/ about (或keep me informed of/ about) your plan in advance，so I can make arrangements accordingly? (3)我很抱歉地告诉你，周末我不能和你外出了。(道歉信) I'm sorry to inform you that I will fail to go out with you this weekend. 5．shock vt.(使)震惊 n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 ·in shock 震惊；吃惊 with great shock 非常震惊地 ·be shocked at/by 对……感到吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)我倒在地板上，完全被这种情况惊呆了。(形容词作状语) I sank down onto the floor, totally shocked by the situation． (2)当我停止演奏抬头看时，我震惊地发现我们周围有一小群人。 When I stopped playing and looked up, I was shocked to see a small crowd around us． (3)付了汽车旅馆老板钱后，我们把行李拖到房间，大吃一惊地打开了门。(动作链) After paying the owner of the motel, we dragged our luggage to the room, where we opened the door with great shock． 6．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 ·scare sb into doing sth 恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off 把……吓跑 ·be scared to death 吓得要死 be scared to do sth/of doing sth 害怕做某事 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)At the sight of the scary scene，the young girl was too scared to move.(scare) (2)我的心疯狂地跳动着，惊恐地望了望桥底下。(惊恐心理描写) My heart beating wildly, I cast scared glances down the bridge． (3)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看父亲那张阴云密布的脸。(心理描写) I bowed my head timidly and was scared to look at my father's cloudy face． 7．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心 ·be curious about... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 好奇地做某事 ·with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Suddenly the girl quieted down and with curiosity (curious) began looking all around. ＝Suddenly the girl quieted down and curiously (curious) began looking all around. (2)站在舞台上，我的心情很复杂，很想知道接下来会发生什么。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) Standing on the stage, I had mixed feelings，curious to know what would happen next． 8．located adj.位于；处于；坐落于→locate vt.找出……的位置；把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)→location n．地方；位置 ·be located in/on/at＝be situated in/on/at 位于；坐落于 ·lie in 位于；在于 【多维训练】　写作迁移 鉴于您的上述要求，北京大学是一个极好的选择，它位于我们的首都北京。 ①Given your above­mentioned requirements, Peking University is an excellent choice, located/ situated in our capital Beijing．(分词作定语) ②Given your above­mentioned requirements, Peking University is an excellent choice, which is located in our capital Beijing．(定语从句) 9．run out of (人)用完，耗尽；从……流出/跑出 run out 用完，耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) give out 用完；筋疲力尽；发出(主语为物，无被动语态) use up 用完，耗尽(“人”作主语，是及物动词短语) 【多维训练】　选择合适的短语补全语段 What a terrible day! First，food and drinking water had been ①used up before we reached the destination.Then，my husband was driving when the car suddenly broke down.It turned out that the gas had ②run out/given out．So we had to walk along the road until our strength ③gave out．We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately，we found we had ④run out of/ used up our money. 10．break out 突然开始，爆发 break away (from) 脱离，背叛 break in 打断(谈话)；插嘴，打断；破门而入 break through 突破；克服 break into 破门而入 break up 解散；结束；分手 break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败 【多维训练】　写作迁移 有人强行闯入我的房子。更糟糕的是，我的汽车在路上抛锚了。只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么地傻。(心理与动作描写) My house ①was broken into．What's worse，my car ②broke down on the way.Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me ③to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. 11．现在分词短语作伴随状语 ·现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时，现在分词和句中主语在逻辑上是主谓关系，和句中谓语动词同时发生，即表示主动进行的动作。 ·现在分词(短语)作状语还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。 (教材原句)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。(高兴情绪描写) Hearing what the headmaster said，I was wild with joy，my eyes glittering with excitement. (2)电影将要在这周日下午上映，持续两个小时，从14点到16点。 The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon，lasting 2 hours，from 14：00 to 16：00． (3)拿着两周辛苦挣来的钱，我抑制不住心中的喜悦。(高兴心理描写，2021·浙江6月卷) Holding the money I earned through two­week's hard work，I couldn't contain my joy. 12．as if 从句中的虚拟语气 ·as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 ·as if从句用虚拟语气： ①从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)； ②从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)； ③从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反) (教材原句)Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上丰富的图案一点都没有褪色。 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it? (2)I froze with shock，feeling as if I had been thrown (throw)into a dark world. (3)我的老师让我坐下来，递给我一瓶果汁，就好像他一直在等我一样。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) My teacher told me to take a seat and handed me a bottle of juice, as if he had been waiting for me． (4)大卫坚持跑，就好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses． (5)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He is waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were sitting on pins and needles． 1.That night a terrible storm occurred，with the wind blowing and beating the house.(天气描写) 2．Seeing his confident smiles，I sighed in relief.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 3．I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.(神情描写) 4．Scared and frozen on the spot, I hugged my brother without hesitation and made sure he was all right. 5．I simply stood there dumbfounded as if my feet had been rooted to the ground.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．那天晚上发生了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风呼啸，拍打着房子。 2．看到他自信的微笑，我如释重负。 3．我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我这一切都是我的误解。 4．我吓得当场僵住了，毫不犹豫地拥抱了我哥哥，确保他没事。 5．我只是目瞪口呆地站在那里，好像我的脚已经扎根在地上了。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．We were deeply shocked at/by his behaviour. 2．The aim is to give people more power over their own lives. 3．It is a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 4．You can continue to climb.I'm scared (scare) of height. 5．Henry came to/into power in the company when he was 25 years old. 6．A secretary was hired to relieve her of some of the administrative work. 7．The quick reaction can make the difference between life and death. 8．Soon she started to feel a little relieved (relieve) of her headache. 9．When they know all were safe and sound, they felt relaxed, hugging (hug) each other. 10．I've learned to signal to my teammates to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出句中beyond的词性及含义 A．prep.晚于；迟于　B．prep.在(或向)更远处　C．adv.在(或向)较远处　D．prep.超出……之外；非……所能及　E．prep.除……之外 ①Snowdon and the mountains beyond are covered in snow all the year around.__C__ ②The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.__B__ ③I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that.__A__ ④Beyond simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.(2021·天津卷)__E__ ⑤The handle was just beyond my reach.__D__ 2．选出句中sharp的词性及含义 A．adj.锋利的，尖的　B．adj.急剧的，骤然的　C．adj.清晰的　D．adj.敏锐的，灵敏的　E．adj.剧烈的，强烈的 ①Polly felt a sharp pang of jealousy.__E__ ②Tim is a sharp child so we all like him.__D__ ③Obviously, the photograph is not very sharp.__C__ ④The other end of the twig is sharpened into a sharp point to use as a toothpick.__A__ ⑤The sharp drop of temperature caused many people to get a cold.__B__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①Please remember to cut off the power or it may lead to fire.n.电源 ②The government demanded that the relief should be sent to the flood victims as soon as possible.n.救济物 ③Hearing the words，a great sense of relief flooded over him.v.使大受感动，充满 (一)应用文写作 [邀请信——剪纸展] 假定你是李华，你校将举办一个中国剪纸展，你想邀请你的美国朋友Henry参加，请你用英文给他写一封邀请信，内容包括： 1．举办的时间、地址； 2．介绍展览作品。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我突然想到上次你告诉我，你想了解更多的中国传统文化。(it作形式主语) It occurred to me that last time you told me you wanted to know more about traditional Chinese culture. ②我写信通知你，我们学校将举办一个中国剪纸展，我想邀请你来参观。(宾语从句) I'm writing to inform you that there will be a Chinese paper­cutting exhibition in our school and I'd like to invite you to visit it. ③展览会将于下周日在艺术馆举行，从上午8点到下午5点，持续9个小时。(分词短语作定语) The exhibition is going to be held in the art gallery，lasting 9 hours，from 8：00 a．m. to 5：00 p．m. next Sunday. ④你会为之感到震惊的是展出的很多剪纸作品都是著名艺术家创作的。(宾语从句) You will be shocked that many paper­cutting works on show are created by famous artists. ⑤在这次展览中，你将会看到各种样式的剪纸。 In this exhibition you can see paper­cutting with various patterns. ⑥如果你想了解更多关于这次展览的详细信息，请联系我。 If you're curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Dear Henry， It occurred to me that last time you told me you wanted to know more about traditional Chinese culture.Therefore，I'm writing to inform you that there will be a Chinese paper­cutting exhibition in our school and I'd like to invite you to visit it. The exhibition is going to be held in the art gallery，lasting 9 hours，from 8：00 a．m. to 5：00 p．m.next Sunday.You will be shocked that many paper­cutting works on show are created by famous artists.In addition，in this exhibition you can see paper­cutting with various patterns. If you're curious to learn more detailed information about the exhibition，please contact me. Yours incerely， Li Hua (二)读后续写 [精彩句式10——“灵光乍现”] 句型公式1：“It dawned on/upon sb that...”某人开始明白…… 句型公式2：“It hit/struck/occurred to sb that...”；“Sth hit/struck/occurred to sb that...” 某人突然想到…… 佳句 背诵 1.Through this unforgettable and remarkable event, it eventually dawned on me that nothing is difficult with a willing heart.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) 通过这一难忘而非凡的事件，我最终意识到，有志者，事竟成。 2．As I noticed the sign of the supermarket, it suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that I could give him some daily necessities and food as a gift. 当我注意到超市的标志时，我突然想到，我可以给他一些日常必需品和食物作为礼物。 佳句 仿写 1.我突然意识到，虽然这很艰难，但没有什么比成就感更有价值的了。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) It suddenly dawned on me that tough as it was, there was nothing more valuable than the sense of accomplishment. 2．我突然想到，亨利也应该有特权享受文字之美。 It struck/ hit/ occurred to me that Henry should have the privilege to enjoy the beauty of words too. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广州高三调研)Our planet quakes thousands of times a year，but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' odd behaviors could warn us? Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre­packed abnormal animal behaviors, but more were just anecdotes．Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.On October 13, 1989, he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later，the Loma Prieta earthquake hit！But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate. Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection.California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel­running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment show? Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project.The project tracks many small animal species such as birds，bats and turtles for the purpose of scientific research.One group of researchers are looking for possible connections between animal behaviors and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety. However, not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some “cool things”，but she knows animal behaviors are hard to pin down.“My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，”she says.“But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。人类无法准确预测地震，但是动物奇怪的行为是否可以在某种程度上反映地震的发生呢？ 1．What does the underlined word “anecdotes” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Real­life news stories. B．Random individual studies. C．Repeated scientific reports. D．Unproved personal accounts. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but和下文Berkland的例子可知，虽有几百份的异常行为报告，但很多都是未经证实的，故选D项。 2．Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community? A．He used unreliable data from newspaper ads. B．His document wasn't consistent with his theory. C．His study didn't include enough animal samples. D．He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory...measure his accuracy rate”可知，他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率，故D项正确。 3．What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project? A．To provide accurate pre­quake warnings. B．To develop an app for people to call for help during quakes. C．To seek worldwide cooperation in quake prediction. D．To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety”可知，该项目的最终目标是提前预警地震，给人们足够多的时间到达安全地带，故A项正确。 4．What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据第五段中的“However, not everyone is hopeful...hard to pin down”可知，Wendy Bohon认为动物的行为很难确定，故其对ICARUS项目持怀疑态度，所以B项正确。 B (2024·云南高中毕业生统一检测)In about 23 years, it may finally be time to look up.A recently discovered asteroid (小行星) has a chance of hitting the earth on Valentines Day in 2046.It was discovered on Feb.26 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama，Chile. While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) says people shouldn't be worried. The asteroid has an estimated diameter of around 160 feet, which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field. “We've been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the earth.Often when new objects are discovered，it takes several weeks' data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their orbits years into the future，”NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office(PDCO) said. The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat.The scale is a tool to categorize potential earth impacts, with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster.One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone. “Current calculations show the chance of collision (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，”NASA says of the green zone.“New telescopic observations will very likely lead to re­assignment to Level 0.” Although 2023 DW doesn't pose a great risk to the earth, NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disasters. In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft，or DART into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock.NASA later confirmed the mission was a success, and is continuing to research how effective the method is, should a massive asteroid be headed our way. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。 5．What does NASA's PDCO say about 2023 DW? A．It is too close to the earth. B．It must be destroyed in space. C．Its orbit is still uncertain now. D．Its orbit should be changed. 解析：选C。细节判断题。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023 DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为 2023 DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定，故选C。 6．How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale? A．As Level zero threat. B．As Level ten threat. C．In the normal zone. D．In the threatening zone. 解析：选C。细节判断题。根据第五段中的“The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat”和“One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone”可知，2023 DW小行星在杜林危险指数中被列为1级威胁，且杜林危险指数中的1表示2023 DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023 DW在杜林危险指数中被列入正常区域，故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph? A．Size. B．Weight. C．Angle. D．Path. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”，故选D。句意：美国国家航空航天局将双小行星重定向测试航天器(DART)撞向一颗小行星，以观察它是否能改变太空岩石的轨道。 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile B．An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way，Unlikely to Hit Us C．A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth D．A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently 解析：选B。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·湖南高三质量监测一)Cruz Genet，11, and Anthony Skopick，10, couldn't agree.Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? So on a __1__ January evening in 2023, the two friends ventured onto the __2__ pond near their homes, to get a better look.First they tossed a rock onto the ice to __3__ it.Then they stepped on it.__4__ the ice would hold their weight，Anthony took a few steps, then...FOOMP.He crashed through the __5__ frozen surface.“There was no sound, no crack，” he recalled.“I just fell through instantly.” Cruz __6__ to help his panicked friend.FOOMP—he __7__ into the pond too. The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling in their limbs.Any chance of __8__ themselves was slipping away.Cruz was sure he was going to die.Anthony's older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started screaming for help. John Lavin, a __9__ driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.He quickly __10__．Seeing the boys，he grabbed a nearby life buoy(救生圈), __11__ off his shoes, and ran into the slushy (融雪覆盖的) water，chopping his way through the ice with his free __12__． Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and hauled (拉) them back to land.They were taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered that their five­minute __13__ in the water had lowered their body __14__ nearly ten degrees. Fortunately，the boys have fully recovered, though they are still a little awestruck by their __15__ neighbor.“Just to think，”says Cruz，“if he wasn't there, I could have died.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文讲述了两位男孩不小心跌入冰窟窿，一位邻居见义勇为，两个男孩最终获救的故事。 1． A．beautiful B．cold C．quiet D．dark 解析：选B。根据上文中的“Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese？”和下文onto the ice可知，此处表示是在2023年1月的一个寒冷的夜晚。cold意为“寒冷的”，符合语境。 2． A．big B．shallow C．muddy D．frozen 解析：选D。根据下文中的“First they tossed a rock onto the ice”可知，池塘是结冰的。frozen意为“结冰的”，符合语境。 3． A．break B．test C．drop D．abandon 解析：选B。根据下文中的“Then they stepped on it.”及常识可知，孩子们首先往冰上扔石头来测试冰是否结实，然后再踩上去。test 意为“测试”，符合语境。 4． A．Convinced B．Informed C．Warned D．Told 解析：选A。根据下文中的“Anthony took a few steps, then...”可知，此处表示安东尼确信冰块能承受住他们的重量，所以他走了几步。convince意为“使信服，使确信”，符合语境。 5． A．quickly B．seemingly C．simply D．normally 解析：选B。根据下文中的“I just fell through instantly.”可知，安东尼后来掉进了冰窟窿里，所以冰面看似冻得硬邦邦的，实际并没有真的冻结实。seemingly意为“看似；表面上”，符合语境。 6． A．rushed B．managed C．decided D．moved 解析：选A。根据上文及下文中的“to help his panicked friend”可知，安东尼掉进了冰窟窿里，因此他的朋友克鲁兹急忙地冲过去救助他。rush 意为“冲，奔”，符合语境。 7． A．dominated B．jumped C．floated D．sank 解析：选D。根据下文中的into the pond too可知，克鲁兹在冲过去救助朋友安东尼时，不小心也沉进池塘里。sink意为“下沉”，符合语境。 8． A．grasping B．freeing C．recovering D．spotting 解析：选B。根据上文中的“I just fell through instantly.”“...into the pond too.”可知，两个男孩都掉进了冰水中，再根据下文中的“Cruz was sure he was going to die.”可知，此处表示对于被困的他们来说任何获救的机会都在眼前消失，以至于克鲁兹觉得自己会死掉。free意为“解救”，符合语境。 9． A．seaman B．police C．neighbor D．relative 解析：选C。根据下文中的“though they are still a little awestruck by their __15__ neighbor”可知，约翰·拉文是两个男孩的邻居。neighbor意为“邻居”，符合语境。 10．A．pulled over B．went through C．took on D．made up 解析：选A。根据上文中的“John Lavin, a __9__ driving nearby on his way to the grocery store，heard her.”可知，当时约翰·拉文正开车去杂货店。故此处表示他赶紧靠边停车去救助两个男孩。pull over 意为“靠边停车”，符合语境。 11．A．put B．got C．cut D．kicked 解析：选D。根据语境和常识可知，此处表示因为着急救人，所以拉文迅速踢掉鞋子跳进水中。kick 意为“踢”，kick off意为“踢掉”，符合语境。 12．A．foot B．mouth C．fist D．leg 解析：选C。根据上文中的“chopping his way through the ice”及常识可知，此处表示约翰·拉文空手握拳劈开一条路去营救两个男孩。fist 意为“拳头”，符合语境。 13．A．stay B．attempt C．battle D．performance 解析：选A。根据语境可知，安东尼和克鲁兹从掉进冰水中到被约翰·拉文救出来中间在冰水中停留了大约5分钟。stay意为“停留”，符合语境。 14．A．position B．weight C．temperature D．mass 解析：选C。根据下文中的nearly ten degrees可知，由于在冰水中停留了5分钟，安东尼和克鲁兹的身体温度下降了将近10度。temperature意为“温度”，符合语境。 15．A．graceful B．demanding C．fearless D．honest 解析：选C。根据上文中的“Seeing the boys，he grabbed a nearby life buoy(救生圈), __11__ off his shoes, and ran into the slushy (融雪覆盖的) water，chopping his way through the ice...”可知，邻居约翰·拉文在看到两个男孩掉进水中之后，立即进行营救，同时用拳头劈出了一条路，由此可知，他是非常英勇无畏的。fearless意为“无畏的，英勇的”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 China's 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition team is now working in the Chukchi Sea.During the roughly 80­day journey, the crew will have about 40 days 1.____________ (carry) out scientific research. The expedition this time 2.____________ (focus) on the changes in ecosystem against the rapid changes in the Arctic with four major tasks, 3.____________ include the investigation of the ecological environment of the Pacific sector in the central Arctic Ocean, the comprehensive survey of sea ice and the geology and geophysics of the Gakkel Ridge (山脊), as well as research on circulation 4.____________ sea ice. It is the second time that a survey 5.________ (conduct) on the Gakkel Ridge, a mid­ocean ridge 6.____________ (stretch) about 1，800 kilometers in the Arctic.“The Gakkel Ridge, a new volcanic ridge, is the Earth's slowest­spreading mid­ocean ridge, which is vital in studying the 7.____________ (expand) of global plates，” said Wang Jinhui, leader of the scientific expedition team. A survey of aerosols (气溶胶) in the Arctic is also 8.____________ the way.“The special conditions in the area, such as the change of sea ice cover and density and the change of local species, are the influencing factors that may 9.____________ (significant) affect the generation and emission of aerosols，” said a member of the scientific expedition team. “Polar scientific research is an 10.____________ (importance) field for mankind to understand the mysteries of nature and explore new spaces for development，” said Wang. [语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。中国第13批北冰洋科学考察队目前正在楚科奇海工作。在大约80天的旅程中，船员将有大约40天的时间进行科学研究。此次考察以北极快速变化下的生态系统变化为重点，开展了北冰洋中部太平洋段生态环境调查、海冰综合调查和加克尔海脊地质与地球物理调查、环流与海冰研究四项主要任务。 1．解析：to carry。考查非谓语动词。句意：在大约80天的旅程中，船员们将有大约 40天的时间进行科学研究。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用不定式，作后置定语。故填to carry。 2．解析：focuses。考查动词时态。句意：此次考察以北极快速变化下的生态系统变化为重点，开展了北冰洋中部太平洋段生态环境调查、海冰综合调查和加克尔海脊地质与地球物理调查、环流与海冰研究等四项主要任务。此句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The expedition，谓语用三单形式。故填focuses。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上题。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tasks，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which。故填which。 4．解析：and。考查连词。句意见2题。连接两个并列名词要使用并列连词and。故填and。 5．解析：has been conducted。考查时态语态。句意：这是第二次对位于北极、绵延1800公里的洋中脊加克尔海脊进行调查。此句是固定句式“it is the first/second...time＋that＋现在完成时”，意为“是……第几次做某事了”。可知，此处要用现在完成时，且主语survey与谓语构成被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been conducted。 6．解析：stretching。考查非谓语动词。句意见上题。分析句子结构可知，stretch与逻辑主语ridge为主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。 7．解析：expansion。考查名词。句意：科考队队长王金辉说：“加克尔脊是一个新的火山脊，是地球上扩张最慢的洋中脊，对研究全球板块的扩张至关重要。”此处作动词studying的宾语，应用名词expansion，不可数。故填expansion。 8．解析：on。考查介词。句意：对北极气溶胶的调查也在进行中。此处为短语on the way意为“正在进行中”。故填on。 9．解析：significantly。考查副词。句意：科考队成员说：“该地区的特殊条件，如海冰覆盖和密度的变化以及当地物种的变化，是可能显著影响气溶胶产生和排放的因素。”此处修饰动词affect，应用副词significantly，作状语。故填significantly。 10．解析：important。考查形容词。句意：他说：“极地科学研究是人类了解自然奥秘、探索发展新空间的重要领域。”此处修饰名词field，应用形容词important，作定语。故填important。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 abnormal adj.不正常的，异常的；畸形的　document n．文件；文档 v．记录　random adj.随机的；奇怪的；任意的　habitat n．(动植物的)栖息地；生活环境 B篇 chance n．可能性　diameter n．直径　track vt.跟踪　adequately adv.充分地　rank v．把……分等级　potential adj.潜在的，可能的　observation n．观察　pose vt.造成 词缀 变形 A篇 repeatable adj.可重复→repeat v．重复→repeated adj.重复的→repeatedly adv.重复地→repetition n．重复　accuracy n．精确，准确→accurate adj.精确的；准确的　scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的→science n．科学；技术　experimentation n．实验，试验；实验法→experiment n．实验；试用 v．做实验；尝试 B篇 estimated adj.估计的，预计的→estimate n．估计，预测 vt.估计，估算　width n．宽度；广度；宽阔→wide adj.宽的；广泛的　uncertainty n．无把握，不确定→certainty n．确定；必然性→certain adj.肯定的；无疑的　categorize vt.把……归类，把……分门别类→category n．种类；类别　re­assignment n．再分配，再赋值，重赋值→assign v．指派(任务)；给予 核心 短语 A篇 pin down 弄明确　work on 从事于…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$