【同步100分背默】Unit2 Great minds 知识清单-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教牛津版）

【同步100分背默】Unit2 Great minds 知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. /maɪnd/ 聪明人富有才智的人 /ə'strɒnəmə/ 天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 /'dʒiːnɪəs/ 天才 /近/ talent /sens/ 理解力；判断力 sense of humour幽默感 /'hjuːmə/ 幽默 humorous adj.幽默的sense of humour幽默感 /ɪnvɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ 邀请 invite v.邀请 /'θɪərɪ/ 学说；论；说 /juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ/ 综合性大学 /pl./universities /近/college  /'pleʒə/ 乐事；快事(可数) /'lektʃə/ 讲座；演讲 /近/speech /'ɔːdɪəns/ 观众；听众  /siːt/ 座位 offer a seat让座 /'juːnɪvɜːs/ 宇宙 explore the universe探索宇宙  /fɪ'lɒsəfə/ 哲学家 philosophy n.哲学 /ə'plɔːz/ 鼓掌；喝彩 /ə'tʃiːvm(ə)nt/ 成就；成绩 achieve v.取得；获得 /'ækʃ(ə)n/ (故事、戏剧中的)情节 action movie动作片 v. /kən'sɪdə/ 认为；觉得 consideration n.考虑  /ə'vɒɪd/ 避免；避开 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 /trʌst/ 信任；信赖 /近/ believe in /ə(ʊ)'beɪ/ 服从；遵守 /近 / follow/反/ disobey /rɪ'djuːs/ 减少；缩小 /近/ decrease/反/ increase adj. /peɪl/ 苍白的 look pale看起来苍白的 adv. /tə'naɪt/ 在今夜；在今晚 /ɪg'zæk(t)lɪ/ 精确地；准确地 exact adj.精确的；准确的 /近/ correctly 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 把…视为/当作 2. 尝试做某事 3. 幽默感 4. 解决 5. 在去往…的路上 6. 做演讲 7. 使……失望 8. 对…感到满意 9. 能背诵，熟记 10. 坐下 11. 轻而易举 12. 参加，加入 13. 丝毫不知道 14. 处于困境 15. 捉弄某人 16. 转折点 17. 一系列 18. 避免做某事 19. 如此…以至于… 20. 留口信 21. 事实上，实际上 22. 有能力做… 23. 计划做某事 24. 任…职，当… 三．易错点记忆 一．consider的用法 教材原文　Many people consider Albert Einstein(1879-1955) a genius.很多人认为阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879—1955)是一个天才。 用法分析consider在此处用作及物动词,意为“认为,觉得”,其后可接名词或代词等。 We consider him honest.我们认为他是诚实的。 They consider the plan to be very important.他们认为这项计划很重要。 拓展 consider作及物动词时还可意为“考虑”,相当于think about。常见的结构为“consider+名词/代词/动名词”。 I considered 　         her a phone call, but then decided 　　     and see her. A.give;go B.to give;to go C.giving;going　　　 D.giving;to go 二．avoid的用法 教材原文　I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight,Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down.汉斯,我真希望今天晚上可以不做演讲,但我不想让我的听众失望。 用法分析avoid为及物动词,意为“避免,避开”,后可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,但不可接动词不定式。如: I realized he was trying to avoid the topic.我意识到他在试图避开这个话题。 Children should avoid eating unhealthy food.孩子们应该避免吃不健康的食品。 The tragedy is entirely　 　    . Drivers must avoid 　　    alcohol. A.avoiding;drinking B.avoidable;to drink C.avoiding;to drink　　　 D.avoidable;drinking 三．in trouble的用法 教材原文　Now we’re in trouble.现在我们有麻烦了。 用法分析in trouble意为“处于困境,有麻烦”。in加抽象名词常用于表示处于某种状态或处境之中,类似短语有:in danger处于危险中;in need处于困难中。如: If we can’t arrive there on time,we will be in trouble.如果我们不能按时到那儿,我们会有麻烦。 拓展 trouble用作名词时,常用于“have trouble with/doing sth.在某事/做某事方面有困难”结构中。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 一开始的时候,她们制作图案有困难。 At first, they 　 　　　 　　　 　　　　    the pattern. 四．such...that...的用法 教材原文　That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.那是如此简单的一个问题,甚至我的司机都能回答。 用法分析such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 such后接名词(短语),that后接从句。如: He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩,以至于每个人都喜欢他。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 这么小的厨房我不用怎么收拾就干净了。 It’s a tiny kitchen 　　       I don’t have to do much to keep it clean. 五．offer的用法 教材原文　A little later, Hans offered to drive.过了一会儿,汉斯主动提出开车。 用法分析offer在此处用作及物动词,意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可接名词、动词不定式或双宾语。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.。如: Peter offered to teach us water skiing.彼得主动教我们滑水。 根据句意和汉语提示完成句子 Our government 　 　    (提供) a great educational environment to kids. 六．achievement的用法 教材原文　Achievements成就,成绩 用法分析achievement为可数名词,意为“成就,成绩”。如: The invention of the computer is a great achievement.电脑的发明是一个巨大的成就。 拓展 achieve为动词,意为“达到,实现”。achieve one's dream/goal意为“实现某人的梦想/目标”。 根据句意及汉语提示写单词 —I’m sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away. —So am I. We lost a hero. His 　     (成就) on hybrid (杂交) rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating. 七．advice的用法 教材原文　I’ll give you some advice.我会给你一些建议。 用法分析advice为不可数名词,意为“意见,建议”。常用搭配为give sb. advice on...,意为“给某人关于……的建议”;a piece of advice意为“一条建议”。如: Can you give me some advice on how to solve the problem?你能给我一些关于如何解决这个问题的建议吗? 拓展 advise为及物动词,意为“建议”,常用于固定搭配:advise sb. to do sth. (建议某人做某事)。如: The man advised him to leave as soon as possible. 这个男人建议他尽快离开。 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 I want to give you some 　　    (advise) on how to give up smoking. 八．succeed的用法 教材原文　This time,he succeeded.这次,他成功了。 用法分析succeed为不及物动词,意为“成功,达到目的”。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”。如: Finally, they succeeded in getting to the top of the hill. 最后,他们成功到达山顶。 拓展 success为名词,意为“成功”,常作不可数名词;但用作“成功的人或事”时,为可数名词。successful为形容词,意为“成功的”,对应的副词形式为“successfully”,意为“成功地”。 Jimmy finished the speech , and everyone stood up and cheered. A.badly　　　 B.angrily　　　 C.successfully 九．by的用法 教材原文　by making a poster通过制作一张海报 用法分析by为介词,by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”,表示方式、方法。如: She learns English by joining an English club.她通过参加英语俱乐部来学习英语。 归纳拓展 如:My sister goes to school by subway.我妹妹坐地铁上学。 The man took a seat by the window.那个男人靠窗而坐。 We’ll be back by four this afternoon.今天下午四点前我们会回来。 The woman stood 　 　    the window, watching the girls dancing outside. A.with　　　 B.on　　　 C.by 十．Why don’t you...?的用法 教材原文　Why don’t you...你为什么不…… 用法分析Why don’t you/we do...?为固定句式,意为“你(们)/我们为什么不做……?”,常用于提建议或征求意见,相当于Why not do...?如: Why don’t we cycle around the lake?我们为什么不骑自行车来游湖呢? Why don’t you ask your teacher for help?你为什么不求助于你的老师呢? 归纳拓展 What about 　　     the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan (口号) of the Beijing 20 22 Olympic Winter Games. A.sing　　　 B.singing　　　 C.to sing 十一．play a joke on...的用法 教材原文　You just played a joke on us. 你只是跟我们开了一个玩笑。 用法分析play a joke on sb.意为“跟某人开玩笑,捉弄某人”,相当于 make fun of sb.。此处joke用作可数名词,意为“玩笑”。如: I only did it as a joke.我只是开个玩笑而已。 拓展 (1)joke作名词时还可意为“笑柄,笑料”。如: I’m sorry but I can't see the joke.很抱歉,但我看不出来有什么可笑的。 (2)joke还可用作动词,意为“开玩笑,说笑话”。如: You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑吧。 根据句意和汉语提示完成句子,每空一词 拿残疾人开玩笑,这很不礼貌。 It is impolite to 　　　　　　　　   persons with disabilities. 十二．exactly的用法 教材原文　If you jump into the air at exactly 9:47 a.m.,...如果你正好在上午9:47跳到空中…… 用法分析exactly为副词,意为“精确地,准确地,确切地”,其形容词形式是exact,意为“精确的,准确的”。如: It’s exactly ten o’clock. 现在是十点整。 I know exactly how you felt at that time.我完全清楚你那时的感受。 拓展 (1)exactly用作答语,意为“一点不错,正是如此,完全正确”,表示赞同或强调正确。如: —You mean Mr. Wang will teach us Chinese?你的意思是王老师要教我们语文? —Exactly.正是。 (2)not exactly意为“不完全如此,并不是”。如: She is not exactly known for her tact. 她并不以策略见称。 Jeff,you haven’t changed at all. You still look 　　    the same. A.recently B.finally C.exactly　　　 D.hardly 十三.from time to time的用法 教材原文　The girl looked at him curiously from time to time.女孩时不时好奇地看着他。 from time to time意为“时不时地”,相当于once in a while或 now and then。 归纳拓展 time相关短语小结: 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 确实,每个人都会时不时地做错事。 It is true that everyone does something wrong 　　 　　　　　    . 十四．can’t表推测的用法 教材原文　...so you can’t be very clever.……因此你不可能很聪明。 用法分析can’t 在此处意为“不可能”,表示否定的推测。如: John can’t be in the library. He is playing football on the ground.约翰不可能在图书馆。他正在操场上踢足球。 拓展 (1)could/may/might 意为“可能”,表示不确定的推测。如: John could be in the library. I am not sure.约翰可能在图书馆。我不确定。 (2)must意为“一定”,表示肯定的推测。如: John must be in the library. It’s his reading time.约翰一定在图书馆。这是他的阅读时间。 —Look! Mark is reading a book in the library. —It 　 　    be him. He is in the classroom. A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.needn’t 十五．辨析 join in, join, take part in与attend 教材原文　Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end. 爱因斯坦坐下,听汉斯轻而易举地演讲,最后他也鼓起掌。 如:Come along! And join in the ball game.快!来参加球赛。 Come and join us in the discussion.来和我们一起讨论吧。 His brother joined the army three years ago.他哥哥三年前参军了。 Will you take part in the English evening?你会参加英语晚会吗? The railway joins the two cities.铁路连接了这两座城市。 Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 史密斯先生被邀请加入小组讨论。 Mr. Smith 　　　　　      to 　　　    the group discussion. 十六．辨析much too, too much与too many 教材原文　Doctors warn people to avoid too much sun this summer.医生警告人们今年夏天避免(接触)太多阳光。 much too 意为“非常,太”,用来修饰形容词或副词 用法歌诀 too much,much too,去掉前头看后头;much 可接不可数,too 则修饰形或副。 too much 意为“太多”,用来修饰不可数名词 too many 意为“太多”,用来修饰可数名词复数 There are a lot of people in the square, so it’s 　 　    crowded and noisy. A.much too　　 B.too many　　 C.too much 十七．receive与accept receive 指客观上“收到”，也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。 accept 表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论。 I have just his reply. 我刚刚收到他的回信。 十八invitation 【词汇】invitation名词，意为“请柬；邀请”，后常接to sth.或to do sth. invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有： ①invite sb. to... 邀请某人去（某地/某一活动） ②invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 1.Have you received an the party? 你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗？ 2.My father had an visit his friend in Beijing. 3.We Miss Gao our party. 我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 4.They have me go to Shanghai with them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。 十九辨析pleasure，pleasant与pleased pleasure 可数名词 “乐事；快事” 不可数名词 “高兴；快乐”，take pleasure in (doing) sth. 意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣” pleasant 形容词 “令人愉快的；宜人的”，通常修饰物 pleased 形容词 “高兴的；愉快的”，主语一般是人。be pleased with “对……感到满意”；be pleased to do sth. “乐于做某事” 1.It's a to hear from you. 收到你的来信很高兴。 2.The mother very her two daughters. 母亲对两位女儿很满意。 3.Reading brings me . 读书带给我很大的乐趣。 4.What a ! 多么令人愉快的旅程啊！ 二十.so...that... 【句型】so...that...意为“如此……以至于/以致……”，其中so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。常见结构有：①so+形容词/副词+that... ②so+many/few+可数名词复数+that... ③so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that... 练一练 1.I have made I can't pass the exam. 我犯了太多错误，以至于我无法通过考试。 2.English is we must learn it well. 英语是如此重要，我们必须学好它。 3.I have with me I can't buy anything. 我身上的钱太少了，什么都买不到。 二十一、四大金花：spend&pay&take&cost spend 主语通常是人 ①sb. spend...on sth. ②sb. spend...(in) doing sth 指花费时间或金钱 pay 主语通常是人 sb. pays for sth. 指人为某物支付金钱 take 主语通常是it It takes sb.some time to do sth. 指花费时间 cost 主语通常是物 sth. costs (sb.) some money 指花费金钱 1.My elder brother a lot of money books every year. 我哥哥每年都要花很多钱买书。 2.Do you usually all your free time ? 您通常把所有空闲时间都花在学习上吗？ 3.How much did you the food? 你花了多少钱买食物？ 4.It us an hour playing basketball every day. 我们每天要花一个小时练习打篮球。 5. me 30 yuan. 这条裙子花了我 30 块钱。 二十二.Why don't you...?=Why not do...?通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，意为“你（们）为什么不做……” 【句型】英语中表示建议的常用句型有： ①What/How about...? ……怎么样？ ②Would you like...? 你想要……吗？ ③Let's...! 让我们……吧！ ④You'd better... 你最好…… 1 play a game! 我们来玩游戏！ 2.Would you like ? 你想喝点什么吗？ 3.What/How about ? 去钓鱼怎么样？ 4. at home on such a hot day. 这么热的天，你最好待在家里。 5. the policeman? =Why not ask the policeman? 为什么不问问警察？ 三．语法点背默 非谓语形式---动词不定式 动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。 He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）她总是第一个到学校（的人）。 I'm the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系） I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系） 二、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。 It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。 【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型： 1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth. 当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever, foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。 It’s very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。 It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day. 2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。 It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。 It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure to work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。 三、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。 Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish. 她的愿望是当一名老师。 Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job. 我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 ( ) 1. ______ the seeds and they will grow. 　　A. Water     B. To water C. Watering     D. Watered ( ) 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people. 　　A. provide   B. to provide C. providing     D. provided ( ) 3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others. 　　A. set      B. to set C. to be set      D. having set ( ) 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting — I’ve got too much work ______. A. to come   B. coming　 C. to coming   D. come ( ) 5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____ 　　A. to find    B. to have found C. to be found     D. being found ( ) 6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost. A.to explain  B. explaining C. to be explaining  D. having explained ( ) 7. To test eggs, ______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. 　　A. put     B. putting C. to put    D. to be putting ( ) 8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away. 　　A. watering    B. to be watering　 C. to water  D. being watering ( ) 9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes. 　　A. Making    B. To make　 C. To be making     D. Make ( ) 10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal. A.as to be not   B. not as to be C. as not to be   D.as to not be 四．课内语法填空 Qian Xuesen: father of China's aerospace Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the 1 (develop)of China's aerospace science and technology. He 2 (call) the“father of China's aerospace" and“king of rockets”. Qian was born in Shanghai 3 11 December 1911. In 1934, he graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He then went to study in the USA, 4 the help of public funds. In 1939,he was awarded a doctorate in Aerospace and Mathematics from 5 American university. After this, he spent many years 6 (teach)and doing research work at universities in the USA. Qian returned to China in 1955. After Qian left the USA, an American writer wrote an article 7 (describe) the importance of Qian's theories and the rising strength of China's national defence. Four months after Qian's return to China, he 8 (submit) a report to the State Council about using China's aerospace industry for national defence. 9 （base）on his proposal, the State Council and the Central Military Commission set up the Committee of the Aerospace Industry. This was an important body for missile and aerospace science study, and Qian 10 (elect) a member of the committee. Qian was very 11 (commit) to his work on the use of rockets for national defence and was 12 (late) appointed the first president of the Missile Research Institute. He participated 13 the development and 14 (produce) of different types of missiles and the 15 (one) earth-orbited satellite in China. 五．写作背默 袁隆平是世界上最著名的科学家之一，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,请根据下列提示，写一篇英语短文介绍袁隆平院士。 基本信息 1930年出生于北京 个人经历 1.毕生致力于研究、改进杂交水稻， 2.1950年-1953年，在西南农业学院学习，学习非常努力； 3.1964年，开始进行特殊水稻的研究，并于1974年培育了一种新型水稻； 4.2021年5月逝世于长沙。 主要成就 1.提升水稻产量，解决饥饿问题； 2.2004年，获得“世界粮食奖”(Word Food Prize) 你的感受 ......(至少两点) 参考词汇：杂交水稻hybrid rice;西南农业学院Southwest Agricultural College;产量output $$【同步100分背默】Unit2 Great minds 知识清单 一．重点词汇背默 词性 单词 音标 释义 拓展 n. mind /maɪnd/ 聪明人富有才智的人 astronomer /ə'strɒnəmə/ 天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 *genius /'dʒiːnɪəs/ 天才 /近/ talent sense /sens/ 理解力；判断力 sense of humour幽默感 humour /'hjuːmə/ 幽默 humorous adj.幽默的sense of humour幽默感 invitation /ɪnvɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/ 邀请 invite v.邀请 theory /'θɪərɪ/ 学说；论；说 university /juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ/ 综合性大学 /pl./universities /近/college pleasure  /'pleʒə/ 乐事；快事(可数) lecture /'lektʃə/ 讲座；演讲 /近/speech audience /'ɔːdɪəns/ 观众；听众 seat  /siːt/ 座位 offer a seat让座 universe /'juːnɪvɜːs/ 宇宙 explore the universe探索宇宙 *philosopher  /fɪ'lɒsəfə/ 哲学家 philosophy n.哲学 *applause /ə'plɔːz/ 鼓掌；喝彩 achievement /ə'tʃiːvm(ə)nt/ 成就；成绩 achieve v.取得；获得 action /'ækʃ(ə)n/ (故事、戏剧中的)情节 action movie动作片 v. consider /kən'sɪdə/ 认为；觉得 consideration n.考虑 avoid  /ə'vɒɪd/ 避免；避开 avoid doing sth.避免做某事 trust /trʌst/ 信任；信赖 /近/ believe in obey /ə(ʊ)'beɪ/ 服从；遵守 /近 / follow/反/ disobey reduce /rɪ'djuːs/ 减少；缩小 /近/ decrease/反/ increase adj. pale /peɪl/ 苍白的 look pale看起来苍白的 adv. tonight /tə'naɪt/ 在今夜；在今晚 exactly /ɪg'zæk(t)lɪ/ 精确地；准确地 exact adj.精确的；准确的 /近/ correctly 二．重点短语背默 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.regard..as 把…视为/当作 2.attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 3.sense of humour 幽默感 4.work out 解决 5.on one's way to… 在去往…的路上 6.give a lecture 做演讲 7.let…down 使……失望 8.be pleased with sth. 对…感到满意 9.by heart 能背诵，熟记 10.take a seat 坐下 11.without difficulty 轻而易举 12.join in 参加，加入 13.have no idea 丝毫不知道 14.(be) in trouble 处于困境 15.play a joke on sb. 捉弄某人 16.turning point 转折点 17.a series of 一系列 18.avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 19.so… that… 如此…以至于… 20.leave a message 留口信 21.in fact 事实上，实际上 22.have ability to do sth. 有能力做… 23.plan to do sth. 计划做某事 24.work as 任…职，当… 三．易错点记忆 一．consider的用法 教材原文　Many people consider Albert Einstein(1879-1955) a genius.很多人认为阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879—1955)是一个天才。 用法分析consider在此处用作及物动词,意为“认为,觉得”,其后可接名词或代词等。 We consider him honest.我们认为他是诚实的。 They consider the plan to be very important.他们认为这项计划很重要。 拓展 consider作及物动词时还可意为“考虑”,相当于think about。常见的结构为“consider+名词/代词/动名词”。 I considered 　         her a phone call, but then decided 　　     and see her. A.give;go B.to give;to go C.giving;going　　　 D.giving;to go 解:考查非谓语动词。consider后接动词时,接其动名词形式;decide后接动词时,接动词不定式结构。故选D。 二．avoid的用法 教材原文　I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight,Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down.汉斯,我真希望今天晚上可以不做演讲,但我不想让我的听众失望。 用法分析avoid为及物动词,意为“避免,避开”,后可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,但不可接动词不定式。如: I realized he was trying to avoid the topic.我意识到他在试图避开这个话题。 Children should avoid eating unhealthy food.孩子们应该避免吃不健康的食品。 The tragedy is entirely　 　    . Drivers must avoid 　　    alcohol. A.avoiding;drinking B.avoidable;to drink C.avoiding;to drink　　　 D.avoidable;drinking 解:句意:这场悲剧完全是可以避免的。司机必须禁止饮酒。avoidable是形容词,意为“可避免的”;avoid后接动词-ing形式。故选D。 三．in trouble的用法 教材原文　Now we’re in trouble.现在我们有麻烦了。 用法分析in trouble意为“处于困境,有麻烦”。in加抽象名词常用于表示处于某种状态或处境之中,类似短语有:in danger处于危险中;in need处于困难中。如: If we can’t arrive there on time,we will be in trouble.如果我们不能按时到那儿,我们会有麻烦。 拓展 trouble用作名词时,常用于“have trouble with/doing sth.在某事/做某事方面有困难”结构中。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 一开始的时候,她们制作图案有困难。 At first, they 　 　　　 　　　 　　　　    the pattern. had trouble in making 四．such...that...的用法 教材原文　That’s such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.那是如此简单的一个问题,甚至我的司机都能回答。 用法分析such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。 such后接名词(短语),that后接从句。如: He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩,以至于每个人都喜欢他。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 这么小的厨房我不用怎么收拾就干净了。 It’s a tiny kitchen 　　       I don’t have to do much to keep it clean. such，that 五．offer的用法 教材原文　A little later, Hans offered to drive.过了一会儿,汉斯主动提出开车。 用法分析offer在此处用作及物动词,意为“主动提出,自愿给予”,其后可接名词、动词不定式或双宾语。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.。如: Peter offered to teach us water skiing.彼得主动教我们滑水。 根据句意和汉语提示完成句子 Our government 　 　    (提供) a great educational environment to kids. offers 六．achievement的用法 教材原文　Achievements成就,成绩 用法分析achievement为可数名词,意为“成就,成绩”。如: The invention of the computer is a great achievement.电脑的发明是一个巨大的成就。 拓展 achieve为动词,意为“达到,实现”。achieve one's dream/goal意为“实现某人的梦想/目标”。 根据句意及汉语提示写单词 —I’m sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away. —So am I. We lost a hero. His 　     (成就) on hybrid (杂交) rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating. achievements 七．advice的用法 教材原文　I’ll give you some advice.我会给你一些建议。 用法分析advice为不可数名词,意为“意见,建议”。常用搭配为give sb. advice on...,意为“给某人关于……的建议”;a piece of advice意为“一条建议”。如: Can you give me some advice on how to solve the problem?你能给我一些关于如何解决这个问题的建议吗? 拓展 advise为及物动词,意为“建议”,常用于固定搭配:advise sb. to do sth. (建议某人做某事)。如: The man advised him to leave as soon as possible. 这个男人建议他尽快离开。 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 I want to give you some 　　    (advise) on how to give up smoking. advice 八．succeed的用法 教材原文　This time,he succeeded.这次,他成功了。 用法分析succeed为不及物动词,意为“成功,达到目的”。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”。如: Finally, they succeeded in getting to the top of the hill. 最后,他们成功到达山顶。 拓展 success为名词,意为“成功”,常作不可数名词;但用作“成功的人或事”时,为可数名词。successful为形容词,意为“成功的”,对应的副词形式为“successfully”,意为“成功地”。 Jimmy finished the speech , and everyone stood up and cheered. A.badly　　　 B.angrily　　　 C.successfully 解:考查副词辨析。badly坏地;angrily生气地;successfully成功地;根据后半句“每个人站起来祝贺”可知,前半句表示“吉米成功地完成了演讲”。故选C。 九．by的用法 教材原文　by making a poster通过制作一张海报 用法分析by为介词,by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”,表示方式、方法。如: She learns English by joining an English club.她通过参加英语俱乐部来学习英语。 归纳拓展 如:My sister goes to school by subway.我妹妹坐地铁上学。 The man took a seat by the window.那个男人靠窗而坐。 We’ll be back by four this afternoon.今天下午四点前我们会回来。 The woman stood 　 　    the window, watching the girls dancing outside. A.with　　　 B.on　　　 C.by 解:考查介词辨析。with和;on在……上;by在……的旁边。根据“The woman stood...the window, watching the girls dancing outside.”可知,那个女人站在窗边,故选C。 十．Why don’t you...?的用法 教材原文　Why don’t you...你为什么不…… 用法分析Why don’t you/we do...?为固定句式,意为“你(们)/我们为什么不做……?”,常用于提建议或征求意见,相当于Why not do...?如: Why don’t we cycle around the lake?我们为什么不骑自行车来游湖呢? Why don’t you ask your teacher for help?你为什么不求助于你的老师呢? 归纳拓展 What about 　　     the song Together for a Shared Future? Its name is the slogan (口号) of the Beijing 20 22 Olympic Winter Games. A.sing　　　 B.singing　　　 C.to sing 解:考查动名词作宾语。句意:唱一首《一起向未来》怎么样?歌名就是北京2022年冬奥会的口号。about是介词,其后加动名词作宾语,构成句型what about doing sth.,故选B。 十一．play a joke on...的用法 教材原文　You just played a joke on us. 你只是跟我们开了一个玩笑。 用法分析play a joke on sb.意为“跟某人开玩笑,捉弄某人”,相当于 make fun of sb.。此处joke用作可数名词,意为“玩笑”。如: I only did it as a joke.我只是开个玩笑而已。 拓展 (1)joke作名词时还可意为“笑柄,笑料”。如: I’m sorry but I can't see the joke.很抱歉,但我看不出来有什么可笑的。 (2)joke还可用作动词,意为“开玩笑,说笑话”。如: You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑吧。 根据句意和汉语提示完成句子,每空一词 拿残疾人开玩笑,这很不礼貌。 It is impolite to 　　　　　　　　   persons with disabilities. play a joke on 十二．exactly的用法 教材原文　If you jump into the air at exactly 9:47 a.m.,...如果你正好在上午9:47跳到空中…… 用法分析exactly为副词,意为“精确地,准确地,确切地”,其形容词形式是exact,意为“精确的,准确的”。如: It’s exactly ten o’clock. 现在是十点整。 I know exactly how you felt at that time.我完全清楚你那时的感受。 拓展 (1)exactly用作答语,意为“一点不错,正是如此,完全正确”,表示赞同或强调正确。如: —You mean Mr. Wang will teach us Chinese?你的意思是王老师要教我们语文? —Exactly.正是。 (2)not exactly意为“不完全如此,并不是”。如: She is not exactly known for her tact. 她并不以策略见称。 Jeff,you haven’t changed at all. You still look 　　    the same. A.recently B.finally C.exactly　　　 D.hardly 解:考查副词的辨析。recently最近;finally最后,最终;exactly完全地,精准地;hardly几乎不。句意:杰夫,你一点也没变。看起来跟以前一模一样。由句意可知,C项正确。 十三.from time to time的用法 教材原文　The girl looked at him curiously from time to time.女孩时不时好奇地看着他。 from time to time意为“时不时地”,相当于once in a while或 now and then。 归纳拓展 time相关短语小结: 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 确实,每个人都会时不时地做错事。 It is true that everyone does something wrong 　　 　　　　　    . from time to time 十四．can’t表推测的用法 教材原文　...so you can’t be very clever.……因此你不可能很聪明。 用法分析can’t 在此处意为“不可能”,表示否定的推测。如: John can’t be in the library. He is playing football on the ground.约翰不可能在图书馆。他正在操场上踢足球。 拓展 (1)could/may/might 意为“可能”,表示不确定的推测。如: John could be in the library. I am not sure.约翰可能在图书馆。我不确定。 (2)must意为“一定”,表示肯定的推测。如: John must be in the library. It’s his reading time.约翰一定在图书馆。这是他的阅读时间。 —Look! Mark is reading a book in the library. —It 　 　    be him. He is in the classroom. A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.needn’t 解:考查情态动词的用法。句意:——瞧!马克正在图书馆读书。 ——不可能是他。他在教室。can’t“不可能”;wouldn’t “将不”;needn’t “不需要”。故选A项。 十五．辨析 join in, join, take part in与attend 教材原文　Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end. 爱因斯坦坐下,听汉斯轻而易举地演讲,最后他也鼓起掌。 如:Come along! And join in the ball game.快!来参加球赛。 Come and join us in the discussion.来和我们一起讨论吧。 His brother joined the army three years ago.他哥哥三年前参军了。 Will you take part in the English evening?你会参加英语晚会吗? The railway joins the two cities.铁路连接了这两座城市。 Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 史密斯先生被邀请加入小组讨论。 Mr. Smith 　　　　　      to 　　　    the group discussion. is/was invited，join in 十六．辨析much too, too much与too many 教材原文　Doctors warn people to avoid too much sun this summer.医生警告人们今年夏天避免(接触)太多阳光。 much too 意为“非常,太”,用来修饰形容词或副词 用法歌诀 too much,much too,去掉前头看后头;much 可接不可数,too 则修饰形或副。 too much 意为“太多”,用来修饰不可数名词 too many 意为“太多”,用来修饰可数名词复数 There are a lot of people in the square, so it’s 　 　    crowded and noisy. A.much too　　 B.too many　　 C.too much 解: much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词;too many和too much表示“太多”,too many修饰复数可数名词,too much修饰不可数名词。由句子结构可知,所填词组修饰形容词crowded和noisy,应用much too。 十七．receive与accept receive 指客观上“收到”，也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。 accept 表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论。 I have just received his reply. 我刚刚收到他的回信。 十八invitation 【词汇】invitation名词，意为“请柬；邀请”，后常接to sth.或to do sth. invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有： ①invite sb. to... 邀请某人去（某地/某一活动） ②invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 1.Have you received an invitation to the party? 你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗？ 2.My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing. 3.We invited Miss Gao to our party. 我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。 4.They have invited me to go to Shanghai with them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。 十九辨析pleasure，pleasant与pleased pleasure 可数名词 “乐事；快事” 不可数名词 “高兴；快乐”，take pleasure in (doing) sth. 意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣” pleasant 形容词 “令人愉快的；宜人的”，通常修饰物 pleased 形容词 “高兴的；愉快的”，主语一般是人。be pleased with “对……感到满意”；be pleased to do sth. “乐于做某事” 1.It's a pleasure to hear from you. 收到你的来信很高兴。 2.The mother were very pleased with her two daughters. 母亲对两位女儿很满意。 3.Reading brings me great pleasure. 读书带给我很大的乐趣。 4.What a pleasant trip! 多么令人愉快的旅程啊！ 二十.so...that... 【句型】so...that...意为“如此……以至于/以致……”，其中so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。常见结构有：①so+形容词/副词+that... ②so+many/few+可数名词复数+that... ③so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that... 练一练 1.I have made so many mistakes that I can't pass the exam. 我犯了太多错误，以至于我无法通过考试。 2.English is so important that we must learn it well. 英语是如此重要，我们必须学好它。 3.I have so little money with me that I can't buy anything. 我身上的钱太少了，什么都买不到。 二十一、四大金花：spend&pay&take&cost spend 主语通常是人 ①sb. spend...on sth. ②sb. spend...(in) doing sth 指花费时间或金钱 pay 主语通常是人 sb. pays for sth. 指人为某物支付金钱 take 主语通常是it It takes sb.some time to do sth. 指花费时间 cost 主语通常是物 sth. costs (sb.) some money 指花费金钱 1.My elder brother spends a lot of money on books every year. 我哥哥每年都要花很多钱买书。 2.Do you usually spend all your free time (in) studying? 您通常把所有空闲时间都花在学习上吗？ 3.How much did you pay for the food? 你花了多少钱买食物？ 4.It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day. 我们每天要花一个小时练习打篮球。 5.The skirt cost me 30 yuan. 这条裙子花了我 30 块钱。 二十二.Why don't you...?=Why not do...?通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，意为“你（们）为什么不做……” 【句型】英语中表示建议的常用句型有： ①What/How about...? ……怎么样？ ②Would you like...? 你想要……吗？ ③Let's...! 让我们……吧！ ④You'd better... 你最好…… 1.Let's play a game! 我们来玩游戏！ 2.Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？ 3.What/How about going fishing? 去钓鱼怎么样？ 4.You'd better stay at home on such a hot day. 这么热的天，你最好待在家里。 5.Why don't you ask the policeman? =Why not ask the policeman? 为什么不问问警察？ 三．语法点背默 非谓语形式---动词不定式 动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。 He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）她总是第一个到学校（的人）。 I'm the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系） I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系） 二、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。 It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。 【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型： 1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth. 当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever, foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。 It’s very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。 It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day. 2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。 It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。 It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure to work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。 三、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。 Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish. 她的愿望是当一名老师。 Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job. 我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 ( ) 1. ______ the seeds and they will grow. 　　A. Water     B. To water C. Watering     D. Watered ( ) 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people. 　　A. provide   B. to provide C. providing     D. provided ( ) 3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others. 　　A. set      B. to set C. to be set      D. having set ( ) 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting — I’ve got too much work ______. A. to come   B. coming　 C. to coming   D. come ( ) 5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____ 　　A. to find    B. to have found C. to be found     D. being found ( ) 6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost. A.to explain  B. explaining C. to be explaining  D. having explained ( ) 7. To test eggs, ______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. 　　A. put     B. putting C. to put    D. to be putting ( ) 8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away. 　　A. watering    B. to be watering　 C. to water  D. being watering ( ) 9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes. 　　A. Making    B. To make　 C. To be making     D. Make ( ) 10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal. A.as to be not   B. not as to be C. as not to be   D.as to not be 【答案】ABBAC AACBC 四．课内语法填空 Qian Xuesen: father of China's aerospace Qian Xuesen was a pioneer in the 1 (develop)of China's aerospace science and technology. He 2 (call) the“father of China's aerospace" and“king of rockets”. Qian was born in Shanghai 3 11 December 1911. In 1934, he graduated from the Mechanical Engineering Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He then went to study in the USA, 4 the help of public funds. In 1939,he was awarded a doctorate in Aerospace and Mathematics from 5 American university. After this, he spent many years 6 (teach)and doing research work at universities in the USA. Qian returned to China in 1955. After Qian left the USA, an American writer wrote an article 7 (describe) the importance of Qian's theories and the rising strength of China's national defence. Four months after Qian's return to China, he 8 (submit) a report to the State Council about using China's aerospace industry for national defence. 9 （base）on his proposal, the State Council and the Central Military Commission set up the Committee of the Aerospace Industry. This was an important body for missile and aerospace science study, and Qian 10 (elect) a member of the committee. Qian was very 11 (commit) to his work on the use of rockets for national defence and was 12 (late) appointed the first president of the Missile Research Institute. He participated 13 the development and 14 (produce) of different types of missiles and the 15 (one) earth-orbited satellite in China. 答案：1.development 2.was called 3.on 4.with 5.an 6. Teaching 7.describing 8. submitted 9. Based 10.was elected 11.committed 12.later 13.in 14. production 15.first 五．写作背默 袁隆平是世界上最著名的科学家之一，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,请根据下列提示，写一篇英语短文介绍袁隆平院士。 基本信息 1930年出生于北京 个人经历 1.毕生致力于研究、改进杂交水稻， 2.1950年-1953年，在西南农业学院学习，学习非常努力； 3.1964年，开始进行特殊水稻的研究，并于1974年培育了一种新型水稻； 4.2021年5月逝世于长沙。 主要成就 1.提升水稻产量，解决饥饿问题； 2.2004年，获得“世界粮食奖”(Word Food Prize) 你的感受 ......(至少两点) 参考词汇：杂交水稻hybrid rice;西南农业学院Southwest Agricultural College;产量output 推荐表达： 1.出生于be born in. 2.致力于devote…to 3.培育develop 4.做出巨大贡献make a great contribution 5.被视为be considered/regarded as… Father of Hybrid Rice Scientists serve their countries with passion and contribution.Yuan Longping is one of them. Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930.He devoted his whole life to the career of researching and improving hybrid rice.From 1950 to 1953,he studied in Southwest Agricultural College and worked very hard.In 1964,he started the research of a special rice.With 10 years' effort,he finally developed a new type of rice in 1974.Sadly,such a great man passed away in Changsha in May,2021. He has made a great contribution to agriculture.The output of rice were increased greatly so that farmers could get much more rice than before.He kept the Chinese away from hunger and is considered as "Father of Hybrid Rice",He won the World Food Prize in 2004 for his great contributions, As for me,he is a hero in my heart.I'll always respect him for his love and care for others,as well as pursuing one goal through his whole life. $$