Unit 2重点短语和知识精讲2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语八年级上册

一.number的用法 (1)number数字，用作名词 如：My lucky number is 9.我的幸运数字是9。 注：number与数字连用时,可缩写为“No.”。 如：I study at No. 1 middle school.我在第一中学学习。 (2)number给...编号，用作动词 如：Number the pages of the book from one to ten.把这些书页从1到10编上号码。 拓展 (1)a number of一些，后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数 如：A number of students are having lunch.一些学生正在吃午饭。 (2)the number of...的数量，作主语时用作单数 如：The number of the students is decreasing.学生数量在下降。 1. There ________ a number of books in the school library and the number of them _______increasing. A. has; is B. have; are C.are; is D. is; are 2. _______ students are playing on the ground. A. The number of B. A number of C. A number 二.minus的用法 (1)minus减，用作介词 如：One minus one is zero 1减1等于0。 (2)minus零下，用作介词 如：It was minus ten.气温为零下十度。 拓展 (1)plus加，用作介词 如：Three plus six makes nine.3加6等于9。 (2)times乘，用作介词 如：Two times two equals four. 2乘2等于4。 (3)divided by除以 如：Two divided by two equals one. 2除以2等于1。 1. 10+2=12 2.30-5=25 3.4×6=24 4.60÷3=20 三.长宽高深的表达 (1)数字+单位+长宽高深的形容词(long, wide, high, deep) 如：The river is 100 meters deep.这条河深100米。 (2)数字+单位+ in +长宽高深的名词(length, width, height, depth) 如：The river is 100 meters in depth.这条河深100米。 拓展 (1)“数字 + 单位词 + 形容词” 如：This round table weighs about forty-five pounds.这张圆桌子重大概45磅。 (2)“基数词 + 单位词 +in + 长度或重量的名词” 如：The box is 9 kilos in weight.这个箱子重9公斤。 1.每一节课长45分钟。 2.它宽约10米。 3.他身高六英尺。 4.这条河长300英里。 5.这个洞有六英尺深。 四.happen的用法 (1)sth happen 发生某事 如：Who knows what will happen in the future .谁知道未来会怎样呢。 (2)sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上。 如：Something incredible happened to me .我身上发生了一件意想不到的事。 What happened to you?你怎么了？ (3)sb. happen to do sth 某人碰巧做了某事 如：They happened to know each other .他们碰巧都认识。 拓展 (1)happen和take place表发生的区别 ①happen意为“发生”时，多用于偶然发生（不幸的事），常用过去时态 如：The accident happened at 5 o'clock.车祸发生在五点。 ②take place意为“发生”时，主要用于事先计划好的事情（好事或坏事），或多指举行实现安排好的活动 如：The parade will take place on Sunday.游行定于周日举行。 用happen或take place的适当形式填空 1.The meeting will ________________ tomorrow afternoon. 2.Where did the competition ________________? 3.A car accident ________________ at the corner. 五.a long time ago的用法 (1)a long time ago很久以前 如：A long time ago, an old man tried to move the mountains.从前有一位老人试图移山。 拓展 (1)很久以前 long ago, long long ago, once upon a time等, 是一般过去时的时间状语。 六.there be的用法 (1)there be句型，译为“有”，遵循就近原则，即be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致 如：There are two thousand students in our school. 我学校有两千个学生 拓展 (1) 遵循就近原则的短语还有： either...or...(要么...要么...)，neither...nor...(既不...也不...)，not only...but also...(不仅...而且...)，not...but...(不是...而是) (2)there be句型与have的区别 ①从结构上讲，have 前必须有主语，而 there be结构的主语在谓语 be 的后面。 ②从意义上讲，两者都可译为“有”，但 have 表示“所有、占有”关系，即表示“某人有某物”。而 there be 结 构表示“存在”关系，即表示“某地/某时存在某物”。 如：Tina has five books.蒂娜有5本书 There are five books on the table.桌子上有5本书。 注：there be句型和have不能混用 1.There ___ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. is C. isn’t D. aren’t 2. There ______a book and two pens on the desks. A. is B. are C. be D. / 七.challenge的用法 (1)challenge挑战，用作动词 如：She does not like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。 (2)challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事 如：My father challenged me to a table tennis game.父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛 八.promise的用法 (1)promise sb. sth.承诺某人某事，用作动词 如：She promised me the book.她许诺给我这本书。 (2)promise to do sth.许诺做某事 如：Her parents promised to have a birthday party for her.她的父母答应为她举行一个生日聚会。 (3)promise + that 从句，承诺 如：You promised me that you'd be home early tonight.你向我承诺今晚会早回家的。 (4)promise许诺;承诺，用作名词，常用于以下短语 make a promise许下诺言;答应;保证，keep a promise遵守承诺，break a promise违背承诺 如：My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me. 我母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车。 1.我不确定，所以我不能做出承诺。 2.彼得保证今晚十点前上床睡觉。 3.他违背了自己的诺言。 九.if条件状语从句的用法 (1)if所引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”，“主情从现”，“主祈从现”，即当主句中含有将来时、情态动 词或祈使句时，从句用一般现在时表将来 如：If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。 If you want to lose weight, you should eat less meat.你如果想减肥,应该少吃肉。 Let's have a picnic if you have time this week.如果这周你有时间,咱们去野餐吧。 1.Mrs. Green will take her son to the amusement park if she ____________ the tickets. A.got B.gets C. is getting D.will get 2.If he ___ harder, he will catch up with us soon. A. study   B. studies   C. will study   D. studied 3.If Mike ___ up earlier, he can finish the work in time. A. get   B. gets   C. will get   D. is getting 4.I don’t know if Jack ___. If he ___, call me, please. A. comes; come       B. will come;will come     C. will come; comes 十.would like的用法 (1)would like to do想要做某事 如：He would like a cup of tea.他想要一杯茶。 (2)Would you like …? 用于有礼貌地、语气委婉地征求对方要求的用语，意为“你想要/愿意……？”， 常用于口语中，肯定回答：Yes, please.；否定回答：No, thanks.。 如：— Would you like a cup of coffee? 来一杯咖啡好吗？ — No, thanks. 不，谢谢。 拓展 (1) want to do想要做某事 如：I want to read books.我想要看书。 (2) feel like + doing 意为“想做……” 如：I don't feel like walking very much today.我今天不太想散步。 1.She really feels like _____________(have) a talk with him about his study at school.  2.We would like _____________ (go) shopping on weekends. 3.I want _____________ (drink) some milk. 十一.double的用法 (1)double加倍，用作动词 如：The baby doubled its weight in a year.那个婴儿一年中体重增加了一倍。 To my surprise, the price of the coat doubled.令我吃惊的是,外套的价格翻倍了。 (2)double两倍的;成双的;双重的，用作形容词 如：The word has a double meaning.这个词有双重意思。 (3)double两倍;双倍，用作名词(不可数) 如：Four is the double of two.四是二的两倍。 Lucy is Anna's double. Lucy和Anna长得很像。 1.8是4的两倍。 2.她和你长得非常像。 3.他的收入翻倍了。 十二.amount的用法 (1)a large/great/huge/small amount of“大/少量”,用来修饰不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 如：The project will take a huge amount of time and money. 这个项目要耗费大量的时间和金钱。 A large amount of money was spent on clothes.大量的钱花在衣服上。 (2)large amounts of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的钱花在了这座桥上。 (3)the amount of...的数量，后接不可数名词，作主语时用作单数，数量多常用“large”，数量少常用“small” 如：The amount of the water in this pool is larger than that in that one.这个池子里面的水比那个池子里的多。 1.A sufficient amount of food ______________(be) needed. 2.Large amounts of money ___________(be) saved. 十三.rest的用法 (1)rest剩余部分，用作名词，常用于短语：the rest of...，作主语时谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词。 如：The rest of the girls are singing under the tree.其余的女生正在树下唱歌。 The rest of the money is mine.剩余的钱是我的。 (2)rest休息，用作名词，常用于短语：have/take a rest 如：You should have a rest.你应该休息一下。 (3)rest休息，用作动词 如：They rested for half an hour.他们休息了半小时。 1.工作了一整天后，我需要休息一下。 2.让我们休息一下吧！ 3.剩下的牛奶被他喝掉了。 十四.instead的用法 (1)instead代替;顶替;相反，用作副词，常位于句末。如果位于句首,常用逗号与后面的内容隔开。 如：She didn't answer me. Instead, she smiled.她没有回答我,反而笑了笑。 She is very busy. Let me go instead.她太忙了,还是让我代她去吧。 拓展 (1)instead和instead of的区别 ①instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或者句尾。 如：He is very tired, let me go instead.他很累，让我去吧。 ②instead of而不是，后面要跟名词、动词ing等。 如：Shall we have fish instead of eggs today?我们今天不吃鸡蛋改吃鱼好吗？ 用instead或instead of填空 1._____________________ eating junk food, try eating more fruits and vegetables. 2.I didn't have time to go to the gym, so I did some yoga ____________________. 十五.enough的用法 (1)enough充足的；足够的,用作形容词，修饰名词或代词，放名词或代词前面 如：Are there enough seats for four persons?   有没有足够四个人的座位？ (2)enough充足的；足够的,用作形容词，与be动词连用后接to do不定式 如：He isn’t old enough to go to school.他的年龄不够大，不能去学校。 (3)enough足够地；充足地，用作副词，修饰形容词或副词，放形容词或副词的后面 如：The book is easy enough for you to read. 这本书很简单，你们可以看懂。 (4)enough很多；充足，用作名词 如：I have enough to do today.今天我有足够多的事要做。 拓展 (1)so...that...，such...that...如此...以致于...(so后接形容词，such后面接名词) 如：She is so kind that people like her very much.她非常善良，人们都喜欢她。 They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them. 这些书很有趣，我们都喜欢读。 (2)too...to...太...以致于不能做... 如：He is too shy to speak to her.他太害羞，不敢同她讲话。 单选题 1.If I had ________, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. A.a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 2.The young man is not ________ the box. A.enough strong to carry B.strong enough carrying C.strong enough to carry D.enough strong carrying 3.He is ________ to finish the work well. A.careful enough  B. enough careful C.carefully enough  D. enough carefully 4.The story was_____interesting_____everyone would listen to it. A.too,to    B. enough,to C.such,that   D.so,that 将下列句子译成汉语 1. He is rich enough to buy a plane. 2. He is old enough to take care of himself. 3. It's too expensive for her to buy. 4. The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 5. It was such fine weather yesterday that we went out for a picnic. 6. He ran so quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him. 十六.sure的用法 (1)sure当然了 如：Sure, that sounds like a great plan. 当然，听起来是个很棒的计划。 (2)be sure of/about确信 如：He is sure of his success. 他对自己的成功，满怀信心。 (3)be sure to do确信要去做 如：It is sure to rain tomorrow. 明天肯定要下雨。 (4)be sure that+从句 如：I am sure that Tom will help me with my English. 我确信汤姆会帮我学英语的。 (5)for sure确切；肯定 如：She won't lend you any money, and that's for sure. 她不会借你钱，这是肯定的。 1.他一定会赢的。 2.我相信他是诚实的。 3.你可以确信他的诚实。 十七.something的用法 (1)some通常用于肯定，any通常用于否定和疑问 如：I have some money. 我有一些钱。          I don't have any money. 我没有钱。          Do you have any money？你有钱吗？ (2)some也可用于疑问（希望得到对方肯定回复） 如：Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗? (3)any也可用于肯定（强调“任何”） 如：You can go there any time. 你任何时候都可以去那儿。 (4)由some, any, no, every等与one, body, thing等构成的词叫复合不定代词，如：something, everyone等 ①复合不定代词做主语，用作单数。如：Everyone is here.所有人都在这。 ②复合不定代词与形容词连用，形容词后置。如：I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情告诉你。 用some或者any填空 1. There is _______ juice in the bottle. 2. Do you have _______ pets? 3. Can I have _______ tea, please? 4. I want ______ milk, but there isn’t ______ left. 单选题 1.He will decide to do ________ to improve his English. A．something useful        B．anything useful        C．useful everything 2.—Is there ________in today’s newspaper? —No, nothing seems interesting. A．interesting something       B．anything interesting C．interesting anything       D．something interesting 十八.advice的用法 (1)advice建议，用作名词，不可数 如：Can you give me some advice please? 你能给我一些建议吗？ (2)advise，建议，用作动词 ①advise doing sth.，如：The expert advised buying a book.专家建议买本书。 ②advise sb. to do sth.，如：The expert advised him to buy the book.专家建议他买那本书。 ③advise引导的从句，从句中用（should)+动词原形 如：The expert advised that he should buy the book.专家建议他应该买那本书。 (3)常用于短语 a piece of advice一条建议 give sb. advice 给某人建议 refuse one’s advice  拒绝某人的建议 take one’s advice 采纳某人的建议 拓展 (1)suggestion建议，用作名词，可数 如：His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.他的建议是，我应该立即去北京。 (2)suggest，建议，用作动词 ①suggest sth. to sb.，如：We suggest the plan to him.我们向他建议这个计划。 ②suggest+doing sth，如：I suggest going for a walk in the park.我建议去公园散步。 ③suggest 引导的从句，表建议，从句中用（should)+动词原形 如：He suggested that you should go there tomorrow.他建议我们明天应该去那。 ④suggest表示“提出(某种看法)”、“暗示”“表明”时，根据句意选择时态 如：His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他同意我的决定。 1.He suggested ______________(go) by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 2.He suggested that we ______________(leave) earlier. 3.I suggest that we ______________(have) lunch right now. 4.She advised that we ______________(keep) the door locked. 5.The doctor advised that he ______________(change) his job. 6.The husband advised _________ to the south, but his wife advised him _________ up the idea. A. moving, giving   B. to move, to give   C. moving, to give   D. to move, giving 十九.talk的用法 tell “告诉”，通常用于短语： tell sth. to sb.把某事告诉某人 tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事 tell sb. about sth.告诉某人某事 tell sb. to do告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do告诉某人不做某事 tell a lie = tell lies说谎 tell the truth说实话 He told me the news. He told the news to me. He told me about the news. 他告诉我这个消息。 I told him not to be late for school. 我告诉他上学不要迟到。 talk talk to sb.和某人谈话，指一方找另一方谈话，含有责备的意思 My teacher often talks to us.我的老师经常找我们谈话。 talk with sb.和某人交谈。 侧重于双方相互交谈。 She is talking with her classmates happily. 她正在愉快地和她的同学们交谈。 talk about sb./ sth. 谈论关于某人或某物 We are talking about our study.我们正在谈论我们的学习。 say 强调说话的内容，对某人说接to sb. He said goodbye to us just now.他刚刚跟我说说再见。 can’t say a word说不出一个字 I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word. 我太激动了以至于说不出一个字。 It is said that句型，“据说” It’s said that this kind of machine is made in Shenzhen. 据说这种机器产自深圳。 speak “说”，后加表示语言类的词 I can speak English.我会说英语。 “说话”，表示说话的能力，是不及物动词，后不能直接加宾语 The baby can speak now.这个婴儿现在能说话。 “演讲，发言，讲话”，是不及物动词 I spoke at the meeting yesterday.我昨天在会议上发言了。 speak to sb. 和某人说话 Can I speak to Mary?我能和Mary说话吗？ 1.Don’t forget to __ “Thank you” when someone has helped you.  A. speak B. tell  C. say D. talk 2.He is a very honest man. He never __ lies.  A. says B. speaks  C. tells D. talks 3.Millions of foreigners are learning to __ Chinese.  A. tell B. speak  C. say D. talk 4.To our surprise, the bird can __ like a child.  A. speak B. tell  C. say 5.--- I hear Jim is going to __ at the school meeting.    --- Do you know what he is going to __?   A. say, talk  B. say, speak  C. speak, say   D. talk, speak 6.Mrs. Brown would like to __ us an interesting story.  A. tell B. say  C. speak 二十.teach的用法 (1)teach sb. sth.教某人某事  如：Mr. Smith teaches us English.史密斯先生教我们英语。 (2)teach sb to do sth教某人做某事 如：We should teach the children to know good from bad. 我们应教育儿童分辨是非。 (3)teach sb not to do sth教某人不要做某事 如：That'll teach you not to be late.那会教你不要迟到。 1. Mrs Green teaches her son________some housework.     A. do          B. to doing          C. to do 2. Miss Wang teaches________history.     A. my           B. me           C. mine 3. Our music teacher _____ us some English songs.     A. teaches        B. writes            C. sings 二十一.in this way的用法 in a way 在某种程度上 In a way, I agree with you.在某种程度上，我同意你的观点。 in this way 用这种方法;这样 You should do this work in this way.你应该这样做这项工作。 in the way 挡道;妨碍 Look, a car is in the way.看,一辆汽车挡在路上。 on the way 在路上，在途中 I met my uncle on the way to school.我在上学的路上碰到了我叔叔。 by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说一下 By the way, what time is it now? 顺便问一下，现在几点了? 用以上短语填空 1. Please move away the chair. It is __________. 2.— Let's have a party this afternoon.— Sure! ____________ , who will come? 3.I enjoy talking with my classmates __________ to school. 4._____________ , he can finish this work. 5.Do your work _____________ I have shown you. 二十二.use的用法 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 He used to get up early.过去他常早起。 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 He will be used to getting up early. 他将会习惯于早起。 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 Knives are used to cut fruit.刀用来切水果。 拓展 (1)It is no use doing sth. “做某事是没有用的” 如：It is no use reading without understanding.只阅读不理解是没用的。 1. 他过去常常起得很早。 2. 电脑可以被用来做很多事。 3. 他习惯每天早上喝杯咖啡。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$