Unit 3 The art of painting 【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练(译林版2020选择性必修第一册)

Unit 3 The art of painting 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. wander vi. & vt. 闲逛, 漫步; 走失; 走神; 蜿蜒曲折 [教材原句]As I wandered through the Impressionist gallery, I appreciated masterpieces like The Ballet Class and The Card Players. 漫步于印象派展馆，我欣赏着像《舞蹈课》和《玩纸牌者》这样的杰作。 wander about/around 游荡, 徘徊 wander through 穿过; 漫步 wander off/from 偏离(正道); 迷路; 走散 wander over 漫步 2. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)突然想到; 撞, 碰; 打; 突击; 罢工; 划(火柴) n. 罢工; 袭击; 击, 打 [教材原句]I was struck by the small areas of light across the painting, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. 画面上遍布着小面积的光斑, 人物柔和的轮廓似乎融为一体, 令我大为震撼。 (1)be struck with/by 为……所侵袭/所触动(感动) It/An idea strikes sb. that. . . =It/An idea occurs to sb. that. . . 某人突然想到…… strike sb. as sth. 给(某人以……)印象; 让(某人)觉得 (2)go on strike 举行罢工(动作) be on strike 举行罢工(状态) The workers went on strike for a pay increase of 5%. 工人们举行罢工, 要求加薪5%。 【易混辨析】strike, hit, beat strike 指用力“击打”, 强调一次性的“打击、敲击”等, 可与hit通用; 也可用作比喻意义 hit 侧重“击中”; 用作名词时, 还可表示“轰动一时的演出或人物” beat 常指连续用力击打, 可用于在游戏、比赛中击败对方, 还可指心脏或脉搏的跳动 3. opposed adj. 截然不同的; 强烈反对的→oppose vt. 反对; 反抗; 与(某人)较量 [教材原句]Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art. 日常题材是他们作品的重点, 这有别于传统上在欧洲艺术中占主导地位的历史题材画作。 (1)be opposed to 反对……; 与……对立 as opposed to (表示对比)而, 相对于 (2) 【巧学助记】oppose家族串记 oppose vt. 反对→opposed adj. 截然不同的; 强烈反对的→opposition n. 对抗, 反抗→opposite adj. 相对的, 对面的; adv. 在对面, 在对过; prep. 在……对面n. 对立的人; 反面 4. dominate vt. & vi. 在……中具有最重要(或明显)的特色; 支配, 控制, 占有优势; 俯视→domination n. 支配, 控制 [教材原句]Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, as opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art. 日常题材是他们作品的重点, 这有别于传统上在欧洲艺术中占主导地位的历史题材画作。 (1)dominate sb. /sth. 控制某人/物 (2)under one’s domination 在某人的统治下 5. employ vt. 运用, 使用; 雇用→employment n. 雇用; 就业→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员 [教材原句]They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things, creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before. 他们运用自由的笔法，使用色彩来表现光线投射在物体上的效果，创作的画远不如前人之作那么写实。 (1)employ sb. as. . . 雇用某人作…… employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 6. realistic adj. 逼真的, 栩栩如生的; 现实的, 实际的; 明智的→reality n. 现实; 事实; 真实; 逼真→realize vt. 实现; 意识到 [教材原句]They employed free brushwork and used colours to show the effect of light on things, creating paintings that were far less realistic than the works that came before. 他们运用了自由的笔触, 用色彩来展示光投射在物体上的效果, 创作出的绘画远不像前人所作的那么写实。 (1)be realistic about 对……很现实/明智 it is not realistic to do sth. 做某事是不现实的 (2) in reality 实际上 bring. . . back to reality 使……回归现实 turn. . . into reality 把……变为现实 7. essence n. 本质, 精髓; 香精, 精油 [教材原句]To me, these techniques are the essence of the Impressionist view of art. 在我看来, 这些技巧是印象派艺术观的精髓。 essence of ……的本质 in essence 大体上; 本质上 of the essence 非常重要的; 不可缺少的 8. display vt. 陈列, 展出; 显示, 表现 n. 陈列, 展览; 表现; 展示 [教材原句]The Impressionists’ vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, whose works are also displayed at the Musée d’Orsay. 印象派的远见卓识启发了新一代的后印象派画家, 如文森特·凡·高和保罗·高更, 奥赛博物馆也展出了他们的作品。 (1)display sth. to sb. 向某人陈列/展出/显示某物 (2)on display=on show 在陈列/展览 9. worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的; 值得尊敬的, 值得注意的 [教材原句]It is also worthy of note that Post-Impressionist painters were not the only ones to be influenced by Impressionism. 值得注意的是, 后印象派画家并不是唯一受印象派影响的群体。 【易混辨析】 worthwhile(既可作表语又可作定语) It’s worthwhile doing /to do sth. 值得做某事 worth(一般只作表语) be worth+n. 值得……, 值…… be worth doing“某事值得被做”, 用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义 it’s worth it这是值得的 worthy(既可作表语又可作定语) be worthy of being done/to be done=be worth doing某事值得被做 10. shade n. 阴影部分; 色度; 阴凉处 v. 遮蔽, 使渐变, 把……涂暗 [教材原句]I wondered at the skill of the artists, their use of colour and how they played with light and shade. 我对这些艺术家们对色彩的运用, 以及他们处理明暗的技巧感到惊奇。 (1)in/under the shade of 在……的阴凉处 put sb. /sth. in the shade 使某人/物相形见绌 a shade 稍微(后面接形容词/副词) a shade of 一点(后面接名词) (2)shade sb. /sth. from/against sth. 给某人/物遮挡…… shade into sth. 逐渐变成 【易混辨析】shade与shadow shade shade可形成一个立体, 表示“阴凉处”“树荫”, 强调避热的作用, 遮蔽光亮和炎热 shadow shadow只在地面上形成一个平面, 强调人或物在光照下形成的影像 11. bathe vt. 以(光线)洒满, 覆盖, 使沐浴(在光线里); 用水清洗→bath n. 沐浴, 洗澡; 浴盆 [教材原句]I enjoyed the whole experience—to be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity. 我很享受整个体验——能够在这个人类创造力的宫殿里沐浴我的感官。 (1)be bathed in the light/sunshine 沐浴在光/阳光中 be bathed in sweat 汗流浃背 (2)take/have a bath 洗澡 12. campaign n. (宣传)活动, 运动; 战役 vt. & vi. 发起运动, 参加活动 [教材原句] Amsterdam’s Rijksmuseum, for example, has waged the Big Draw campaign, where visitors are encouraged to keep their Smartphone in their pockets or bags and pick up paper and pencils instead. 例如，阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆(Rijksmuseum)发起了“大抽奖”活动，鼓励游客将智能手机放在口袋或包里，而不是拿起纸和铅笔。 (1)campaign for 为了……发起运动 campaign against 为了反对……发起运动 (2)launch/mount a campaign 发起运动 13. arrange vt. & vi. 整理, 布置; 安排, 筹备→arrangement n. 安排, 筹备 [教材原句]Arrange the vegetables to create different parts of the face. 将蔬菜排列成面部的不同部位。 (1)arrange for sb. /sth. to do sth. 安排某人/某物做某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange with sb. about sth. 和某人商定某事 arrange with sb. to do sth. 和某人商定做某事 (2)make arrangements for 为……做好安排 [名师点津]arrange误区警示 (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth. , 而不用arrange sb. to do sth. 。 (2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。 14. insight n. 洞悉, 了解; 洞察力, 领悟 [教材原句]Painted on a five-metre-long silk scroll, it offers an important insight into life in China in the 12th century. 它绘于一幅五米长的绢布卷轴上, 对于我们洞悉十二世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。 have/gain an insight into. . . 领悟 give sb. an insight into. . . 让某人洞悉…… 15. wind vi. & vt. (wound, wound)蜿蜒, 迂回; 上发条; 缠绕 [教材原句]The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. 第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活, 重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。 wind down (钟表等)慢下来, (人)放松下来; 摇下(车窗) wind up 惹……生气; 停止营业; 结束(讲话等) 16. go about sth. 忙于做某事, 继续做某事 [教材原句] Here, hundreds of people from all walks of life, including butchers, hairdressers and government officials, can be seen going about their daily business . 我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人, 包括肉贩、理发匠、官差, 都在忙着各自的营生。 go down 下落, 下沉; 下降, 降低, 减低 go into 进入, 从事, 参加; 调查, 研究 go after 追求; 追逐; 设法得到 go all out 全力以赴 go over 复习; 检查; 核对 go through 通过; 查找; 经历; 做完 go up 上升, 上涨; 兴建, 建立 17. apparent adj. 显而易见, 明白易懂, 显然→apparently adv. 显然 [教材原句]Zhang’s amazing artistic technique is apparent all across the scroll. 显然, 张择端在整幅画中表现了他高妙的艺术技巧。 it is apparent +that从句 显然 it is apparent from sth. +that从句 从某物上明显看出 it is apparent to sb. +that从句 某人明白 18. ambitious adj. 宏大的, 艰巨的; 有野心的, 有雄心的→ambition n. 雄心, 抱负 [教材原句]This well-developed ability, as well as the scroll’s ambitious size, allows Zhang to show an enormous amount of detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. 张择端娴熟的绘画技艺以及气势恢宏的画幅, 让他能展现海量的细节——你细看这幅画卷数小时之后还能有新的发现。 be ambitious to do sth. 立志做某事 be ambitious for sth. 渴望获得某物 be ambitious for sb. 对某人充满期望 19. inspection n. 检查, 查看, 审视; 视察→inspect vt. 检查, 查看, 审视; 视察 [教材原句] However, some critics suggest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. 然而, 有评论家指出, 细心观察, 这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。 (1)for inspection 以供查阅/检查 on close/closer inspection 经过仔细/更仔细的检查 (2)inspect sb. /sth. for sth. 为了某物检查某人/物 20. expose vt. 揭露, 揭穿; 暴露, 显露; 使遭受; 使接触→exposure n. 暴露, 曝光; 揭露, 揭穿 [教材原句]However, some critics suggest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. 然而, 有评论家指出, 细心观察, 这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。 expose. . . to. . . 使……暴露于……, 使……接触到…… be exposed to 暴露于; 接触到 20. decline n.衰退, 衰落, 减少, 下降 vi. & vt. 减少, 下降, 衰退, 衰落; 谢绝 [教材原句]These sorts of details point to a crisis developing in the city. In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. About twenty years after the painting was completed，it was overthrown. 种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约20年后，北宋覆灭。 (1)fall/go into a decline 失去力量﹑影响等; 开始衰落 on the decline=in decline 在减少; 在衰退 (2)decline to do sth. 谢绝做某事 考点句型 1.It作形式主语, that引导的从句作真正的主语 [教材原句]It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 令人惊奇的是, 每次莫奈研究这个简单的场景时, 他都以一种独特的方式把池塘的美带到了画布上。 (1)it作形式主语的常用句型 ①it is/was + adj. /n. +that从句/to do sth. /doing sth. ②it takes (sb.) some time to do sth. ③it is/was+过去分词+that从句 ④it seems/appears/happens +that从句 (2)each/every time, the first time, last/next time, the minute/moment等可以引导时间状语从句。 2. such置于句首时的倒装句 [教材原句]Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. 这幅画价值如此之高, 以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。 (1)“such + be动词+主语”结构通常表示“这就是……”, 起强调的作用。 (2)在“so/such. . . that. . . ”结构中, 当so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句用部分倒装, 即助动词放在主语之前。that后面的结果状语从句不倒装。 语法 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语 一、动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作表语主要说明主语所处的状态。除了用在be动词之后, 还可用于get, become, feel, seem等系动词之后。 常作表语的动词-ed形式大盘点 动词-ed形式作表语时, 相当于形容词。常见的有: determined(坚定的), prepared(准备好的), concerned(担心的, 关心的), devoted(献身的, 忠诚的), lost(迷路的), broken(破碎的), crowded(拥挤的), married(已婚的)以及一些表示感情的动词-ed形式用作形容词, 例如: amazed(吃惊的), embarrassed(尴尬的), annoyed(恼怒的), disappointed(失望的), discouraged(沮丧的), satisfied(满意的), pleased(高兴的), moved(感动的), bored(厌烦的)等。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 动词-ing形式作表语, 具有形容词的特征。常见的有: appealing(吸引人的), inviting(诱人的), inspiring(鼓舞人心的), touching(感人的), fascinating(吸引人的)以及一些表示感情的动词-ing形式用作形容词, 例如: amazing(令人吃惊的), embarrassing(令人尴尬的), exciting(令人兴奋的), interesting(有趣的), disappointing(令人失望的), puzzling(令人困惑的), worrying(令人担忧的), boring(令人厌烦的), frightening(令人害怕的), moving(感人的), encouraging(鼓舞人心的), annoying(令人恼怒的)等。 三、表示感情的动词的-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词 表示感情的动词的-ing形式和-ed形式用作形容词时, 动词-ing形式主要用于说明事物, 表示事物的性质或特征, 若用它们说明人, 则表示此人具有此性质或特征, 通常译为“令人……的”。动词-ed形式通常用于说明句中主语(人)的情绪变化, 常译为“某人感到……的”。 【名师点津】表示感情的动词的以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词作定语 以-ed结尾的形容词, 也可修饰事物, 被修饰词多为look(表情), smile(微笑), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示人的情感状况的名词。此时需注意其修饰事物时与以-ing结尾的形容词修饰事物时意义的不同。例如: a surprising look令人吃惊的表情(表情让别人吃惊) a surprised look惊讶的表情(自己吃惊) an amazing voice令人吃惊的声音 an amazed voice感到吃惊的声音 1. 单词拼写 1. On the wall hung two rural ________(风景画) which were created by Jan van Goyen. 2. It is not appropriate to be distracted and let your attention ________(开小差) in class. 3. Twain’s ________(生动的) and often amusing descriptions of life on the river did strike many readers. 4. The workers went on ________(罢工) for a pay rise. 5. That local government was ________(推翻) in a military coup(政变) three years ago. 6. The book gives us fascinating ________(洞察力) into life in Mexico. 7. It is ________(显然) that what the daughter did for her mother has moved many people. 8. In spite of many invitations，the famous composer ________(拒绝)to give a performance. 9. ________(缠绕)a bandage firmly around the wounded leg and you can stop bleeding. 10. Rice of high quality is ________(主要地, 一般地) from the northeast of China. 【答案】 1. landscapes 2. wander 3. vivid 4. strike 5. overthrown 6. insights 7. apparent 8. declined 9. Wind 10. mostly 1. 用方框内所给短语完成句子 as opposed to, all walks of life, go about sth, be down to, in one's own right, speak volumes about 1. His extraordinary achievements ________________ his hard work and good luck. 2. The new members of the chorus come from ________________. 3. The chef earned a good reputation in his career ________________. 4. Your body language will ________________ you even before you say anything. 5. Everyday subject matter was the main focus of their works, ________________ the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art. 6. Here are some points on how to ________________ the writing task. 【答案】 1. are down to 2. all walks of life 3. in his own right 4. speak volumes about 5. as opposed to 6. go about 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空(词汇) 1. Frances took the tiny music box from her trunk and ________(wind) it up. 2. She remained bitterly ________(oppose) to the idea of moving abroad. 3. She is ________(ambition)to become the champion of women’s weightlifting for the next Olympic Games. 4. I can still ________(vivid) remember my grandfather teaching me to play chess when I was young. 5. Having been ________(expose) to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate freely with others in English. 6. The law prevented the ________(employ) of children under ten in the cotton mills. 7. He is used to throwing himself into painting for the ________(liberate) from busy daily routine. 8. The idea he put forward at the meeting was worthy ________(consider). 9. She has a very scientific method of dealing with ________(politics) problems. 10. You should ________ your daily business even if a storm is coming. 【答案】 1. wound 2. opposed 3. ambitious 4. vividly 5. exposed 6. employment 7. liberation 8. to be considered 9. political 10. go about 四.完成句子 1. 从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。(it 作形式主语) ________________________________ she was really upset. (apparent) 2. 她一边为孩子们做饭, 一边听着音乐。(现在分词作状语) She cooked for her children, ________________________________. 3. 在这家超市, 每天晚上都能看到很多人在买东西。 In this supermarket, many people can ________________________________ every evening. (see sb. doing) 4. 这就是事实, 谁也不能否认。(such引导倒装句) ________________________________ and no one can deny it. 5. 至于我, 即使你决定不去参加聚会我也打算去。(even if/though) For my part, I plan to go to the party ________________________________. 【答案】 1. It was apparent from her face that 2. listening to music 3. be seen buying things 4. Such is the fact 5. even if/though you decide not to go 五. 用所给词的适当形式填空。(语法) 1. Now that you are ________(die) to join in the league, why not try out for it? 2. It’s hard to keep your nerve when people keep ________(interrupt) you. 3. Feeling the lesson was ________(interest), the students listened to the teacher attentively. 4. Progress is always ________(motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 5. The plot of the drama was so ________(absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 6. Recent research suggests that if an argument gets ________(resolve), the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased. 7. The wound from the dog bite has become ________(infect). 8. The Hobbit remains popular and ________(recognize) as a classic in children’s literature. The work has many ________(adapt) for stages, screen, radio and video games. 9. Tan was admitted as a dancer by the company of San Francisco Ballet, soon after which she got ________(promote) to be its leading dancer. 10. Lola got ________(lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017. 【答案】 1. dying 2. interrupting 3. interesting 4. motivating 5. absorbing 6. resolved 7. infected 8. recognized; adaptations 9. promoted 10. lost 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$