19 阅读理解说明文（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（天津专版）

阅读理解说明文（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 2023年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 5 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 2023年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 艺术美学 2 0 2 1 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 人类认知 2 1 0 0 2 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 2021年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 学校生活 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与创新 3 0 1 0 1 D 议论文 人与社会 艺术与人类文明 3 1 1 0 0 2021年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 社会交往 4 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 积极的生活态度 0 0 3 1 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展 2 1 2 0 1 D 议论文 人与自我 丰富自我 2 1 2 0 0 2020年7月 A 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 2 0 2 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 3 1 1 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 0 1 3 0 1 2020年5月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 1 0 3 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 1 0 3 1 1 D 议论文 人与社会 社会进步与人类文明 0 2 2 1 0 2019年6月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 优秀品行和正确的人生态度 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与自然 自然环境 2 0 3 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习 0 0 2 1 2 2019年3月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 2 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 0 0 1 C 说明文 人与自我 健康的生活方式 2 0 1 1 1 D 议论文 人与自我 认识自我 2 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近年来，说明文在阅读理解部分的选材展现出了广泛的多样性，涵盖了诸多领域，如社会现象、科技创新、文化传承、日常生活、人物特写、教育体系、生态环境及安全议题等。说明文在高考阅读理解中的重要性日益凸显，不容忽视。即便是在细节理解题中，考生也往往无法直接从文中找到与选项完全吻合的信息，而是需要基于对文章细节的理解进行归纳与推断。除此之外，每套试卷中，关于主旨大意、词义推测以及写作意图或观点态度的高难度题目基本至少有两道，而说明文在这类题型的考查中尤为频繁，且命题角度多样。 【备考策略】 高考英语中的说明文阅读理解部分，不仅是考察学生语言运用能力的重要环节，也是衡量学生获取信息、理解分析能力的关键。因此，掌握有效的备考策略对于提高此部分的得分至关重要。 在备考过程中，学生应注重词汇的积累，特别是与说明文常涉及的科技、环保、社会现象等相关的专业词汇。同时，扎实的语法知识也是理解复杂句式、把握文章结构的基础。此外，通过大量的阅读训练，尤其是针对说明文的阅读，可以培养学生的语感，提高阅读速度和理解深度。 针对不同难度级别的备考，初级阶段的学生应重点突破词汇和语法障碍，通过简单说明文的阅读逐渐积累信心和经验；中级阶段则需注重提升阅读速度，学会快速定位关键信息；而高级阶段的学生则应注重培养综合分析能力，学会从作者的角度思考问题，深入理解文章主旨。 【命题预测】 2025年阅读理解对说明文的考查仍然是重点，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题、。 必备基础知识： 【题型解读】 说明文的语篇特点主要体现在其结构清晰、语言风格客观专业以及逻辑推理严密等方面。这类文章通常采用总分或递进等结构，先总体概述主题，再分点详细阐述，使得信息层次分明，便于读者理解和把握。语言风格上，说明文注重客观性和专业性，用词准确，句式结构复杂，体现了英语表达的严谨性。逻辑推理方面，说明文强调事物之间的因果关系、对比关系等，要求读者具备较强的逻辑思维能力。 说明文阅读理解的难点和重点在于如何快速准确地把握文章的主旨大意和细节信息，以及如何进行逻辑推理和判断。由于说明文的语言较为专业，且信息量大，考生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法基础，才能顺利理解文章。同时，严密的逻辑推理也要求考生具备较高的思维能力和分析能力。 在实际解题过程中，语篇特点对解题和记忆有着重要影响。清晰的结构有助于考生快速定位信息，提高解题效率；客观专业的语言风格要求考生准确理解词义和句意，避免主观臆断；严密的逻辑推理则要求考生仔细分析文章中的每一个细节，确保理解的准确性和完整性。 【做题步骤】 快速浏览全文：首先快速浏览文章标题、首段、尾段以及每段的首尾句，了解文章的大致内容和结构。 精读问题：仔细阅读题目，明确题目要求，判断题目类型（如细节理解题、词义推断题、推理判断题、主旨概括题等）。 定位信息：根据题目要求，回到原文中定位相关信息。对于细节理解题，直接找到对应的句子或段落；对于推理判断题和主旨概括题，则需要综合全文信息进行分析。 对比分析：将原文信息与题目选项进行对比分析，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。注意同义词替换、信息重组等陷阱。 （PS: 说明文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01说明文之意图推断题 【常见设问方式】 What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The writer of the story wants to tell us that________ The fact... is mentioned by the author to show______ The author writes the last paragraph in order to_____ 【做题步骤】 1. 识别题目类型：要仔细阅读题目，识别出这是写作意图推断题。这类题目通常会询问作者的写作目的、意图或态度。 2. 分析文章主题和结构：回顾文章的主题和结构。确定文章的中心思想，以及作者是如何组织文章来传达这一思想的。注意文章中的关键词、句和段落，它们往往能提供关于作者意图的重要线索。 3. 理解写作背景：尝试理解文章的写作背景，包括作者可能的社会、文化或学术环境。这有助于更深入地理解作者的写作意图。 4. 分析写作意图：根据文章的主题、结构和写作背景，开始分析作者的写作意图。思考作者为什么选择这个主题，他/她想要传达什么信息，以及他/她希望读者在阅读后有什么感受或行动。 5. 根据上下文推断答案：根据文章中的上下文信息来推断答案。避免仅根据文章中的一两个句子或段落来做出判断，而是要综合考虑整篇文章的内容和结构。 【技巧】 · 理解文章整体：不要只关注文章的某个部分，而是要理解文章的整体内容和结构。 · 避免主观臆断：不要将自己的观点或偏见带入到对作者意图的推断中。 · 注意细节信息：文章中的细节信息往往能提供关于作者意图的重要线索。 【说明文中常见的说明方法】 · 列数字（List Figures）：通过具体且准确的数字来阐述事物的特点，使得说明更加具有说服力和可信度。数字的运用能够让读者对说明对象有更加清晰、精确的认识。 · 举例子（Give Examples）：通过提供真实、具体的例子来阐释事物的特性，使得说明更加生动、真切。例子能够直观地展示事物的特点，帮助读者更好地理解和接受所说明的内容。 · 引资料（Quote）：引用古诗文、谚语、俗话等权威或经典资料来丰富说明内容，使其更加具体、充实。引用的方法不仅能够增强说明的说服力，还能够在文章开头起到引出说明对象的作用，引导读者进入主题。 · 分类别（By Category）：将事物的特征或事理按照一定标准进行分类，然后逐类进行说明，使得内容条理清晰、层次分明。这种分类说明的方法能够避免重复交叉，使读者对说明对象有更加系统、全面的认识。 · 打比方（Make an Analogy）：运用比喻的修辞方法，将事物与相似或相关的事物进行类比，生动形象地说明该事物的特点。打比方能够增强文章的趣味性和可读性，使读者更加容易理解和接受所说明的内容。 · 下定义（Draw a Definition）：使用简明、科学的语言对说明的对象或科学事理进行准确、本质的揭示和阐述。下定义能够概括地揭示事物的特征或事理，使读者对说明对象有更加清晰、准确的认识。 · 作比较（Make a Comparison）：通过将说明对象与其他相关事物进行比较，突出强调其特点、地位或影响。作比较的方法能够使读者更加深刻地认识和理解说明对象的独特性和重要性。 （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To propose an abstract theory of art making. B．To reveal the beauty of science in an artistic way. C．To share some personal understanding of artworks. D．To introduce a new research field for art appreciation. 【答案】1．D 【详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章介绍了神经美学这一学科领域，以及它如何解释我们为何会从艺术中获得愉悦感，因此作者的目的是介绍一个新的研究领域，即神经美学，以帮助人们更好地欣赏艺术。故选D。 考点精讲02说明文之主旨大意题 【主题句的位置】 主题句是文章或段落中表达中心思想的句子，对于理解整篇文章至关重要。在高考英语说明文中，主题句的位置通常有以下几种情况： 位于段首：这是最常见的情况，特别是议论文和说明文。主题句往往在第一句话就明确提出，随后的内容围绕这一主题展开。 位于段尾：有些文章采用归纳法，先列举事实或细节，最后通过总结性的句子概括主题。因此，在找不到段首主题句时，应快速浏览段尾。 位于段中：较少见，但也有可能。这种情况下，文章通常先介绍背景或细节，然后在中间用一句话概括主题，再进一步阐述。 首尾呼应：少数情况下，主题句在段首和段尾都会出现，形成前后呼应，强化主题。 无明确主题句：有些文章，可能没有明显的主题句，需要通过归纳文章的主要内容来得出。 【寻找主题句的方法】 快速浏览法：快速阅读文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及文章中的关键词和信号词（如therefore, thus, but, however等），这些位置往往包含主题信息。 注意转折和结论性词语：这些词语后的句子很可能是主题句或包含重要信息。 归纳法：当文章没有明确的主题句时，需要根据文章的整体内容和作者的写作意图进行归纳。 【常用解题方法】 · 通读全文，把握整体：首先快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构，对文章的主题有一个初步的印象。 · 寻找主题句：如前所述，主题句是理解文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句以及转折和结论性词语后的句子。 · 注意关键词和短语：文章中反复出现的关键词或短语往往与主题密切相关，有助于理解文章的主旨。 · 理解作者的写作意图：通过分析作者的论述方式、论据和结论，推断作者的写作目的和主要观点。 · 排除干扰项：在做题时，要学会排除与文章主旨不符或过于片面的选项，缩小选择范围，提高准确率。 · 归纳概括：对于没有明确主题句的文章，需要根据文章内容进行归纳概括，得出文章的主旨大意。 （2023·天津·高考真题）Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail. And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination. Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world. This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them. 1．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The History of Storytelling B．The Power of Storytelling C．The Forms of Storytelling D．The Art of Storytelling 【答案】1．B 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. (与我们想象的不同，讲故事不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，也是一种学习方式。)”，第四段中“Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。)”，第五段中“And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”和第六段中“This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. (讲故事的这个方面——呈现出一个不同的世界观——对于彼此之间的联系来说是很重要的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处，B项“讲故事的力量”适合作文章标题，故选B。 （最新模拟试题演练） Passage 1 （2024·天津河西·三模）What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject. But there was a specific angle to this latest study done by Oxford Brookes University researchers, which compared the collective experience of choral singing to that of taking part in team sports. Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that. In fact, I take no issue with any of these piles of research. The only thing I find annoying is that such an endlessly repeated truth results in relatively little action from the kind of people who could put it to good use. Not least, in government. From time to time I get invited as a music critic to the launch of some program to encourage more collective singing among school-age children. Expert s like Howard Goodall usually turn up. Then, six months later, everything goes quiet. The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep — perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble. I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts. Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it. 1．What does the underlined part “take no issue with” in Paragraph 2mean? A．Feel confused about. B．Make no comment on. C．Get unfamiliar with. D．Have no objection to. 2．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Most children think little of singing. B．Most children prefer singing to doing sports. C．Most schools attach little importance to singing. D．Most schools don’t have the money or the time to form a choir. 3．What was Golda’s problem? A．She couldn’t find a choir to join. B．She failed to win local schools’ support. C．Howard Goodall turned down her invitation. D．The government was unwilling to provide resources. 4．Which word best describes the impact of the 11-year-old experience on the author? A．Eye-opening. B．Identity-awakening. C．Soul-comforting. D．Character-shifting. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To review the latest study on singing. B．To advocate choir singing for children. C．To recommend musical works for the young. D．To compare the benefits of recreational activities. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牛津布鲁克斯大学研究人员研究发现合唱对于儿童成长和教育有许多积极的影响，呼吁让更多的儿童参与其中受益并获得快乐。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject.(什么能延长你的寿命，并在未来的生活中帮助你？答案是：在唱诗班唱歌。这并不是一个新发现：关于这个主题的研究是无止境的。)”和第二段的“Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that.(合唱团显然轻松获胜。作为一个从小就以唱歌为借口远离运动场地的人，我对此……。)”可知，作者对唱诗班的好处持认同态度，而不是否定或有异议，因此划线短语表示“不反对”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. (不可否认的事实是，大多数公立学校都不太在意唱歌。他们说他们没有资源也没有时间。甚至当一个有价值的歌唱项目来到他们那里时，他们也拒绝了。) ”可知， 大多数学校不重视唱歌。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep—perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble.(我认识一个叫戈尔达的女人，她一直在努力组织本杰明·布里顿的《小扫荡》的演出，这也许是孩子们一起唱歌的最好的作品。但她发现当地的学校有反应吗？遗憾的是没有，他们认为这太麻烦了。)”可知，Golda没能赢得当地学校的支持来组织演出。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段的“I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts.(11岁时，我有机会和合唱团一起巡演。它打开了一个世界，一个来自伦敦东部不时尚地区的11岁孩子通常无法进入的世界。它讲述了各种可能性。身体和精神上都得到了快乐的奖励。但进入音乐世界的快乐才是最重要的。)”可知，11岁的巡演经历让作者大开眼界。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it.(试想一下：如果我们最终能让英国的孩子们唱歌。我们不需要大学研究人员。我们就这么做，并因此变得更好。)”可知，文章主要讲述了牛津布鲁克斯大学研究人员研究发现合唱对于儿童成长和教育有许多积极的影响，呼吁让更多的儿童参与其中受益并获得快乐。作者提倡儿童参与唱诗班活动。故选B。 Passage 2 （2024·天津河西·三模）For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. Now The Handbook of Good English, a comprehensive, easy-to-use guide to modern grammar, punctuation, usage, and style, puts the best available advice about writing and using the English language at your fingertips. Intended to replace Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style and a host of other desk-reference books on careful writing, The Handbook of Good English is organized for both rapid reference to check specific points and for leisurely study to improve personal and professional writing. This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D．Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing. A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index (词汇表/索引), arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication. “The Handbook of Good English fills a real need for a basic and strict handbook of standard English grammar, punctuation rules and conventions of editorial styling. Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine. 6．What does the author think of classroom English language teaching? A．Engaging. B．Time-consuming. C．Creative. D．Ineffective. 7．What is the purpose of The Handbook of Good English? A．To list English words commonly used in daily conversations. B．To provide advice on proper English communication. C．To further develop the idea in The Elements of Style. D．To highlight the importance of grammar learning. 8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Johnson’s book? A．Its diverse content. B．Its unique organization. C．Its publishing process. D．Its target readers. 9．Why is The Handbook of Good English special according to Paragraph 4? A．It has multiple glossaries for different users. B．It has extensive references for further reading. C．It has a section devoted to readers’ frequent confusions. D．It adopts a conversational approach to explaining grammar. 10．What can the comment from Booklist be regarded as? A．Effective means of learning standard English. B．A further recommendation for Johnson’s book. C．An expectation of Johnson’s creation. D．An introduction to the history of English grammar. 【答案】6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《The Handbook of Good English》这本书的组织形式、重点内容和特色。 6．推理判断题。根据第一段的“For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. (多年来，我们的语法和高中的英语教学一直不令人振奋，给整整一代人留下了关于如何清晰地写作和说话的模糊概念。)”可知，作者认为英语课堂教学是无效的。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段的“For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication.(对于初学者，专业人士，以及任何关心语言的人来说，《良好英语手册》是恰当沟通的关键指南。) ”可知，《良好英语手册》的作用是为恰当的英语交流提供建议。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D. Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing.(这本全面的书探讨了语法、标点、风格、组织和语气。Edward D. Johnson不仅仅是发布规则；他给出了例子、例外，更重要的是，他清晰易懂地解释了为什么语法有它所具有的规则。他还充分注意了风格以及在良好的写作中对数字、缩写、通用术语、称呼形式、外来语等给予一致处理的重要问题。)”可知，Johnson的书中涉及到的内容是多种多样的。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据第四段的“A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index, arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. (这本书的一个特别的功能是组合词汇表/索引，是从A到Z排列的，对于最常见的问题给出即时答案，包括误用的单词，短语，和结构，并交叉引用较长的解释文本是必要的。)”可知，《良好英语手册》是特别的是因为它有一个章节专门讨论读者经常遇到的困惑。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine.(书评杂志Booklist评论道：“由于过去20年的语法教学过于草率，Johnson煞费苦心地解释语法规则的原因和相互关系。”)”可知，来自Booklist的评论可以被视为对Johnson这本书的进一步推荐。故选B。 Passage 3 （2024·天津河北·二模）Millions of older people, laborers and cancer sufferers could be unable to use their fingerprints to log in online bank accounts. Banks are spending millions of pounds on fingerprint technology to replace passwords. But banks may have to rethink these plans after warnings that the technology flawed （有缺陷）. Representatives of major banks at a London conference were told many older people’s fingerprints are too faded for the machines to recognize. John Daugman, a professor of computer vision and pattern recognition at the University of Cambridge, says, “Fingerprints can ‘rub off’ for many kinds of laborers—their skin becomes almost smooth. Gardeners often acquire a lot of wounds on their fingers, and people who work with chemicals, such as cleaners, also suffer damage of fingerprints.” Jean Slocombe, a senior nurse at Cancer Research UK, says, “Some drugs can cause the skin of hands and feet to peel. In severe cases, the fingers can peel, and it’s possible that this could change a patient’s fingerprints. This should improve once treatment ceases, but severe scarring（伤疤） can change fingerprints in the long term.” Fingerprints are generally considered more secure than passwords for several reasons. Unlike passwords, fingerprints cannot be easily copied, written down, shared, or guessed. Additionally, it is impossible to forget one’s fingerprints. Currently, banks offer customers the option to use a password or PIN (personal identification number) for online access to their money. However, technology experts have predicted that companies might do away with passwords entirely to decrease the risk of fraud （诈骗）. Should this transition to fingerprint technology occur, there is a potential risk that millions of bank customers could find themselves unable to access their accounts. Banks have tried other security measures, such as facial recognition—but fingerprint technology is often the best one, as it is fast and people are more familiar with it. Nick Dryden, a chief executive of technology company Sthaler, says, “Businesses like fingerprint technology because it’s fast.” “There must always be a back-up so that if it doesn’t work, there is another way of paying, such as with a password.” Dryden adds that using the veins（静脉） in someone’s fingers to identify them is more secure and means people with faded prints will not be left behind as technology advances. 11．Which of the following is the critical flaw of using fingerprints to log into accounts? A．Fingerprints can be easily stolen from photos. B．Fingerprint recognition adapts to medical changes. C．The application of fingerprint technology costs too much. D．Elderly people’s fingerprints may be too faint for detection. 12．According to John Daugman, what causes unrecognizable fingerprints? A．Excessive use of technology. B．Physical labor and natural aging. C．Environmental exposure process. D．Lack of proper fingerprinting equipment. 13．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Experts recommend replacing passwords soon. B．Fingerprints can totally avoid the risk of fraud. C．Switching to fingerprints might lock out many customers. D．Passwords and PINs are preferred by banks due to their simplicity. 14．Which is Dryden’s suggestion about fingerprint technology? A．Using veins instead of fingerprints isn’t workable. B．There must be other ways to get into bank accounts. C．Its greatest advantage is its high speed of recognition. D．Passwords are still the most reliable security measure now. 15．’What is the main idea of the passage? A．Comparing password and fingerprint security. B．Enhancing and upgrading bank security measures. C．Presenting fingerprint technology challenges in banking. D．Advancing fingerprint and facial recognition technology. 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要描述了现在的银行在尝试采用安全系数高的指纹技术登录银行账户的过程中，因许多老年人、劳动者和癌症患者的指纹已无法识别，从而面临着许多困难和挑战。尽管目前有其他的登录方式可以选择，但是指纹登录仍被视为最佳选择，期待未来会有更加先进的技术帮助人们恢复淡化的指纹。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“Representatives of major banks at a London conference were told many older people’s fingerprints are too faded for the machines to recognize.”（在伦敦举行的一次会议上，各大银行的代表被告知，许多老年人的指纹几近消失，机器无法识别。）可知，使用指纹登录银行账户的关键缺陷，就是老年人的指纹可能太微弱了而无法识别。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段John Daugman说的话“Fingerprints can ‘rub off’ for many kinds of laborers—their skin becomes almost smooth. Gardeners often acquire a lot of wounds on their fingers, and people who work with chemicals, such as cleaners, also suffer damage of fingerprints.”（对许多劳动者来说，指纹可以被“擦掉”——他们的皮肤变得几乎光滑。园丁的手指上经常会有很多伤口，而那些与化学品打交道的人，比如清洁剂，也会受到指纹的伤害。）可知，体力劳动和一些化学品的伤害导致皮肤自然老化，都会造成指纹淡化，无法识别。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Should this transition to fingerprint technology occur, there is a potential risk that millions of bank customers could find themselves unable to access their accounts.”（如果向指纹技术过渡，数百万银行客户可能会发现自己无法访问自己的账户。）可知，向指纹技术过渡可能会因无法访问账户，把很多客户拒之门外。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段Dryden说的话“There must always be a back-up so that if it doesn’t work, there is another way of paying, such as with a password.”（必须总要有一个备用方案，这样如果它不起作用，还有另一种支付方式，比如使用密码。）可知，一定要有其它的备用方式进入银行账户支付。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Banks are spending millions of pounds on fingerprint technology to replace passwords. But banks may have to rethink these plans after warnings that the technology flawed （有缺陷）. ”（银行正在花费数百万英镑研发指纹技术来取代密码。但银行可能不得不重新考虑这些计划，因为有人警告说这项技术存在缺陷。）及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了银行在尝试采用指纹技术登录银行账户的过程中，因许多老年人、劳动者和癌症患者的指纹已无法识别，所面临的困难和挑战。故选C。 Passage 4 （2024·天津南开·二模）Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 16．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________. A．tell us about the history of the discovery of Antarctica B．tell us that Antarctica is completely covered in thick ice C．introduce the distribution of fresh water in Antarctica D．introduce the basic information about Antarctica 17．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A．All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B．Animals can't survive the Antarctic polar night. C．Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D．Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there. 18．What does the author intend to show with the example of the “Alien (外星人) ” rock? A．There are aliens in Antarctica. B．Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C．There's a lot to study in Antarctica. D．Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 19．What could we learn from the last paragraph? A．The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B．James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C．A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D．Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 20．What makes the best title for the passage? A．A Race to the South Pole B．Antarctica: the Last Continent C．The wildlife of Antarctica D．Antarctica: A desert 【答案】16．D 17．D 18．C 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息。 16．推理判断题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”可知，本段的目的是介绍南极洲的基本情况。故选D项。 17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.(然而，南极洲到处都是野生动物，它们已经适应了这里的极端环境。有不同种类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹和鲸鱼。但南极漫长的冬夜长达182天(地球上最长的连续黑暗时期)，加上极端寒冷和缺乏降雨，意味着很少有植物能在那里生存。只有两种开花植物被发现，而在这个大大陆上没有树木。其余的植物由苔藓、藻类和地衣组成。有些种类的藻类已经适应了在冰上生长)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽管南极洲条件极端，但许多动植物都生活在那里。故选D项。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life.(大部分冰已经存在了数千年。因此，它已经成为一个过去的窗口，可以给研究人员提供许多有用的信息。气体和矿物质，以火山灰的形式被困在冰中，可以告诉我们很多关于过去世界气候的信息。南极岩石对研究也很重要。其中大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中一块岩石，被称为“外星”岩石，可能包含外星生命的证据)”可知，作者想用“异形”岩石的例子说明南极洲有很多值得研究的地方。故选C项。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.(南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。但两千多年前，希腊地理学家认为，在南方有一大片陆地，与北方的陆地相平衡。他们称之为“反南极”，也就是南极：北极的对立面。当欧洲人在15世纪发现美洲大陆时，伟大的探险时代开始了。然而，前往南极的进程是缓慢的。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越南极圈，但他从未见过陆地。1895年，一位名叫卡斯滕斯·波格雷文克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。到极点的竞赛开始了。1911年12月11日，挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森终于到达了这里)”可知，一个挪威人首先到达南极。故选C项。 20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息，所说义B项“ Antarctica: the Last Continent(南极洲：最后的大陆)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （2024·天津·二模）In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end. So it’s no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg. Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others promote the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century. One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too. “There’s something about their delicate nature that appeals to me,” says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of the process — from the very beginning to the very, very end.” But there’s an appeal in that weakness. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowing you’re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.” Chast’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness. Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The complex patterns were believed to offer protection against evil. “There’s an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not take over in the world,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives. Although the tradition dates back to 300 B．C．, the old symbols on the eggs still reflect their good wishes. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest. 21．Why do people in many cultures prize the egg? A．It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring. B．It is their major source of protein in winter. C．It can easily be made into a work of art. D．It can bring wealth and honor to them. 22．What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia? A．They are shaped like jewel cases. B．They are cherished by the rich. C．They are heavily painted in red. D．They are favored as a form of art. 23．Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition? A．Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life. B．Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists. C．Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today. D．Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on. 24．Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs? A．She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed. B．She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea. C．She always derives great pleasure from designing something new. D．She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end. 25．What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting? A．The Russians prefer baking red eggs into breads. B．It has a history of over two thousand years. C．It is the most time-honored form of fancy art. D．It is especially favored as a church decoration. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了俄罗斯一种奇特的艺术形式：蛋画艺术。说明了这项艺术的历史由来，以及背后蕴含的意义。蛋画艺术是随着时代的发展而不断发展的。 21．细节理解题。根据根据第一段“In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end. So it’s no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.(到了春天，鸡又开始下蛋，为冬天的结束带来了受欢迎的蛋白质来源。因此，世界各地的文化通过纪念鸡蛋来庆祝春天也就不足为奇了)”可知，鸡又开始下蛋是春天来临的喜讯，所以在许多文化中人们都珍视鸡蛋。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Others promote the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.(另一些人则把鸡蛋提升为一种奇特的艺术，就像19世纪开始受到俄罗斯人喜爱的镶满珠宝的“鸡蛋”一样)”可知，俄罗斯人将装饰鸡蛋作为一种奇特的艺术形式，故选D项。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.(当代艺术家遵循这一传统，创作出表达我们这个时代焦虑的鸡蛋：生命是珍贵的，也是脆弱的)”可知，因为鸡蛋反映了当今人们的焦虑，所以当代艺术家延续鸡蛋艺术的传统。故选C项。 24．推理判断题。根据第四段“Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of the process—from the very beginning to the very, very end.”(几年前，她对鸡蛋产生了兴趣，并学习了乌克兰传统的技术，画出了非常现代的人物。“从最开始到最后，我在整个过程的每个阶段都打破了鸡蛋。”)”以及第五段“But there’s an appeal in that weakness. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowing you’re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.” Chast’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.(但这个缺点也有吸引力。“知道自己正走在悬崖边上，这是一种令人震惊的恐惧，我有点喜欢，知道它随时都可能分崩离析。”查斯特的设计，比如一个忧心忡忡的男人独自坐在一条小船上，反映了这种精致)”可知，因为在设计完成之前，她永远不知道鸡蛋是否会破，所以查斯特喜欢装饰鸡蛋的过程。故选A项。 25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although the tradition dates back to 300 B. C., the old symbols on the eggs still reflect their good wishes. (虽然这一传统可以追溯到公元前300年，但鸡蛋上的古老符号仍然反映了他们的美好祝愿)”可知，这一传统可以追溯到公元前300年，也就是说它有两千多年的历史。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2024·天津·二模）Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 26．Why should pruning be done? A．To make the tree grow taller. B．To improve the shape of the tree. C．To get rid of the small branches. D．To make the small branches thicker. 27．Trees will become unhealthy if the gardener ______. A．gives a tree a special shape and a definite height B．removes small side branches and makes a tree look less thick C．allows too many branches to grow in the middle D．has a tree surrounded by many other trees 28．Why is a special material painted on the tree? A．To prevent disease entering a wound. B．To cover a rough surface. C．To make a wound smooth. D．To help a wound to dry. 29．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The author tends to favor pruning frequently. B．It’s easy to find a reason to prune trees. C．Pruning trees properly is not easy. D．Pruned trees will always grow taller. 30．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Discussing different methods of pruning. B．Introducing some potential risks of pruning a tree. C．Explaining how trees develop disease. D．Giving practical instructions for pruning a tree. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了修剪树木的目的、方法以及修剪后的处理方式。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size.”（首先，修剪可以确保树木有一个期望的形状或大小。）可知，修剪的目的是为了改善树的形状，故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.”（砍掉那些阻塞树木中心从而阻碍空气自由流动的树枝，可以促进树木的健康。）可知，如果让太多的树枝在中间生长，树木会变得不健康，故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. ”（修剪的一个结果是在树上留下一个开放的伤口，这为疾病提供了一个容易进入的地方，但这是一个会愈合的伤口。）以及“You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose.”（你应该让切割面干燥几个小时，然后用花园商店提供的专门为此目的生产的一种物质涂抹它。）可知，涂抹特殊材料是为了防止疾病进入伤口，故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据第一段“Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.”（修剪包括剪掉杂草丛生和不需要的树枝，没有经验的园丁可能会被这样的想法所鼓舞:不必要的修剪比让树木按照自己的方式生长会造成更大的损害。）可知，作者详细介绍了修剪树木的方法和注意事项，但并未倾向于频繁修剪，反而强调了修剪的风险和正确的修剪方式，因此可以推断，正确修剪树木并不容易，故选C。 30．主旨大意题。通读短文以及根据第二段“First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size.”（ 首先，修剪可以确保树木有理想的形状或大小）以及 根 据“ Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier.”（其次，修剪可以使树更健康）和第三段内容可知，全文主要介绍了修剪树木的目的、方法以及修剪后的处理方式，因此，本文的主要内容是为读者提供修剪树木的实用指导，故选D。 Passage 7 （2024·天津和平·二模）To better understand how animals like spiders communicate with pattern and color, Jenny Yi-Ti Sung, a biology doctoral student at the University of Cincinnati, is turning to ancient dramatic art. Sung is studying how Beijing operas convey details about characters to their audiences through the performers’ colorful masks (脸谱). Like jumping spiders, Beijing opera masks have unique patterns and colors that convey information to their intended audience. For spiders, the unique characteristics broadcast species, sex or even romantic intentions to possible mates. Similarly, in Beijing opera, the masks give the audience clues about a character’s motives, character or virtue. “I’m interested in understanding how male spiders might use their patterns and colors to tell a female spider they’re the same species and are a good mate,” Sung said. “I saw a parallel in Beijing opera masks. How do these visual patterns evolve to tell a specific identity?” Sung is investigating whether Beijing opera masks within a particular opera are more similar or different compared with masks in unrelated operas. Her computerized analysis involves scanning and resizing 76 masks for uniformity, employing the Eigenfaces (特征脸) method to identify common or unique facial features. This investigation aims to reveal the importance of differentiation among characters within the same story in the Beijing opera. Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in evolutionary biology. “I think it enriches science and opens up new ways of thinking’ about things,” he said. Facial patterns, as observed in jumping spiders and various animal species, hold biological significance in conveying information about species, sex and mate suitability. Besides spiders, facial pattern recognition is found in many other animals. “When they live in mixed-species communities, their facial patterns evolve to be distinct so they can distinguish members of the same species at a distance,” Morehouse said. Sung hopes that her study will shed light on evolutionary divergence (差异), exploring the point at which members of the same species take different genetic paths. “Of course, there’s no punishment to the audience if they don’t recognize the Beijing opera faces properly. But in the wild, you’d get eaten,” she said. 31．What is the aim of Sung’s investigation of Beijing opera masks? A．To identify the colors used in different masks. B．To find similarities among masks in unrelated operas. C．To understand the features of Eigenfaces in opera masks. D．To uncover the significance of distinguishing characters in operas. 32．According to Morehouse, what is special about Sung’s study? A．It applies to many animals. B．It involves biological sciences. C．It combines science with culture. D．It involves wildlife conservation. 33．What is one way that facial patterns help animals, according to the text? A．They confuse their enemies. B．They promote species harmony. C．They enable species recognition. D．They facilitate cross-species interaction. 34．What can we know about Nathan Morehouse? A．He is a famous scientist in evolutionary biology. B．He supports Sung’s research on Beijing opera masks. C．He thinks the study of masks has little value. D．He doesn’t like the idea of combining culture and science. 【答案】31．D 32．C 33．C 34．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了更好地理解蜘蛛等动物是如何通过图案和颜色进行交流的，辛辛那提大学生物学博士生宋义迪正在研究京剧如何通过表演者的彩色面具向观众传达人物的细节。文章对此进行了介绍。 31．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Sung is studying how Beijing operas convey details about characters to their audiences through the performers’ colorful masks (脸谱). (宋正在研究京剧如何通过表演者的彩色脸谱向观众传达人物的细节。)”可知，宋研究京剧面具的目的是揭示戏曲中人物区分的意义。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in evolutionary biology. (宋的顾问内森·莫尔豪斯高度评价了宋的创造性方法，将其描述为进化生物学中文化和科学兴趣的愉快结合。)”可知，宋的研究的特别之处是将科学与文化相结合。故选C。 33．细节理解题。根据第六段前两句“Facial patterns, as observed in jumping spiders and various animal species, hold biological significance in conveying information about species, sex and mate suitability. Besides spiders, facial pattern recognition is found in many other animals. (从跳蛛和其他动物身上观察到的面部图案，在传递物种、性别和配偶适宜性等信息方面具有重要的生物学意义。除了蜘蛛，许多其他动物也有面部识别能力。)”可知，面部图案使物种识别成为可能。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in evolutionary biology. (宋的顾问内森·莫尔豪斯高度评价了宋的创造性方法，将其描述为进化生物学中文化和科学兴趣的愉快结合。)”可知，内森·莫尔豪斯对宋对于京剧脸谱的研究提供了支持。故选B。 Passage 8 （2024·天津和平·二模）Dads have a language all their own, one that’s not difficult to decipher (理解). “Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “hello”. Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil, and end with an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. “How’s the car running?” “Did you get it serviced?” “How did you get that scrape (刮痕) on the side?” Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”? The point is: That’s exactly what we are saying. You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the slightly lengthier (冗长的) “I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal (硅胶)around the base of your toilet because I reckon that thing is getting really stinky.” The sentiment (情感) “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard, but the point is there in the more common “ I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves out of the gutter (水沟).” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip together with my friend. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to bid us farewell. “Highways are dangerous;” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and buggy (婴儿车). And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I floored the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection. 35．What does the author try to present in the first paragraph? A．Fathers are dull at communication. B．Fathers have typical ways to express affection. C．It’s hard to understand fathers’ language. D．Fathers are more practical in daily life. 36．According to the passage, what might be the reason for fathers not saying “I love you” directly? A．They are too shy to express their feelings. B．They prefer to show love through actions. C．They avoid being ordinary and prefer a distinctive way. D．They think it unnecessary to keep saying love out loud. 37．Why does the author mention his first road trip? A．To show the danger of the trip. B．To recall a very exciting experience. C．To portray the image of a caring father. D．To express the regret of misunderstanding. 38．The underlined word “mocked” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _______. A．laughed at B．listened to C．dealt with D．learned from 39．What could be the best title for the passage? A．My Father’s Love. B．Father’s Special Language. C．Say “I Love You” to Fathers. D．Hidden Love in Father’s Words. 【答案】35．B 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲用实用的建议和实际行动来表达对作者的爱。 35．推理判断题。根据第一段““Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “hello”. Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil, and end with an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. (“你检查过车里的油了吗？”我父亲常对我说，这是他的“你好”。有时我们的电话会以询问石油的情况开始，以询问石油的情况结束，中间没有太多的内容。父亲有很多爱要给予，但通常是通过实用的建议来提供的。根据我的经验：主要是关于你的机动车辆。)”可知，作者在第一段想要表达父亲有典型的表达感情的方式。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据第五段“Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”? ( 为什么我们做父亲的就不能说“我爱你”或者“见到你真好”呢？)”以及第六段“The point is: That’s exactly what we are saying. You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. (关键是：这正是我们要说的。你需要从父亲式的语言中进行领悟。)”可知，父亲不直接说“我爱你”的原因是他们更喜欢用行动来表达爱。故选B。 37．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When I was 17, I went on my first road trip together with my friend. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to bid us farewell. “Highways are dangerous;” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and buggy (婴儿车). And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I floored the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. (当我17岁的时候，我和我的朋友一起去了我的第一次公路旅行。在一个寒冷的黎明前，父亲站在街角向我们告别。“高速公路很危险，”他说，“所以不要试图超越比马车更快的东西。每两个小时休息一下。每次停车加油的时候，你真的应该检查一下机油。”当时我们觉得他的演讲很有趣，每次我踩下油门超车时，我们都会高呼“马车，马车”)”可知，作者提到他的第一次自驾游是为了塑造一个慈爱父亲的形象。故选C。 38．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I floored the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. (当时我们觉得他的演讲很有趣，每次我踩下油门超车时，我们都会唱“马车，马车”。)”以及最后一段中“I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so casually”可推知，此处为我就会明白，我和朋友如此随意嘲笑的那番话，只不过是爸爸表达爱意的方式。故划线词意思是“嘲笑”。故选A。 39．主旨大意题。根据第一段““Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “hello”. Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil, and end with an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. (“你检查过车里的油了吗？”我父亲常对我说，这是他的“你好”。有时我们的电话会以询问石油的情况开始，以询问石油的情况结束，中间没有太多的内容。父亲有很多爱要给予，但通常是通过实用的建议来提供的。根据我的经验：主要是关于你的机动车辆。)”以及文章主要讲述了作者的父亲用实用的建议和实际行动来表达对作者的爱。可知，D选项“父亲话语中隐藏的爱。”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Passage 9 （2024·天津·二模）It turns out that humans aren’t the only ones taking mathematics tests. A group of cognitive (认知的) scientists are training bees to perform simple addition and subtraction (减法). For the experiment, the scientists lured individual bees with sugar water. “She flies back to the hive, gives it to the other bees, and two minutes later she’ll come back and do it again,” Dyer said, a scientist from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. They taught and tested 14 bees over the course of the experiment — one bee at a time. To learn the rules, a bee first would be shown cards printed with a number of shapes in one of two colors: blue, if they were supposed to add one to the shapes on the card, or yellow, if they were meant to subtract one shape. Then, the bee would choose an answer to the problem by flying to one of two presented solutions. If it chose well, it found itself near a solution of delicious sugar water. If it chose poorly, however, it would be punished with a bad-tasting drink. The researchers found that each bee picked the correct answer in both addition and subtraction trials about 70percent of the time. Dyer said, “Problem-solving requires both long-term memory and short-term memory. Long-term memory allows the bees to remember that blue and yellow equate to separate mathematical rules. Short-term memory lets them recall the actual numbers in a particular problem.” “It is assumed that humans are very complex, and there’s a decreasing level of complexity going away from humans,” said Muth, an animal congnition researcher who wasn’t involved in this study. But in fact, complex awareness, like the mathematical problems solved by bees, can be made up of relativlely simple components. That doesn’t explain why bees might have evolved the ability to figure out mathematical problems, though. One possibility is that bees didn’t evolve to do addition and subtraction. They just evolved to be smart enough to figure it out. Dyer said that observing a tiny animal with a brain that has less than a million neurons (神经元) learn a very complex task makes him think, “Wow, what can humans achieve?” 40．What are the scientists training bees to do in the experiment? A．Flying on blue and yellow cards. B．Adding shapes to different cards. C．Solving simple mathematical problems. D．Tasting water of two flavors. 41．What would happen if the bees chose the wrong answer to the problem? A．They would be punished with a bad-tasting drink. B．They would be treated with sugar drink. C．They would be permitted to leave the hive. D．They would be given a beautiful shape card. 42．What role does memory play in problem-solving? A．Long-term memory plays a bigger part. B．Long-term memory contributes to recalling. C．Short-term memory facilitates remembering. D．Short-term memory is as important as long-term memory. 43．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bees are as complex as man in many aspects. B．Bees are by nature good at mathematics. C．Complex awareness can consist of simple components. D．Bees learn to solve maths problems under certain pressure. 44．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Human achievements can be limitless. B．Human brains deserve good study. C．Humans must fully develop neurons. D．Humans are good at observation. 【答案】40．C 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一群认知科学家训练蜜蜂做简单的加减法的科学研究。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A group of cognitive (认知的) scientists are training bees to perform simple addition and subtraction(减法). (一群认知科学家正在训练蜜蜂做简单的加减法。)”可知，科学家在实验中训练蜜蜂解决简单的数学题。故选C项。 41．细节理解题。根据第三段中“If it chose poorly, however, it would be punished with a bad-tasting drink. (然而，如果它选错了，它就会受到一杯难喝的饮料的惩罚。)”可知，如果蜜蜂选择了错误的答案就会受到一杯难喝的饮料的惩罚。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Problem-solving requires both long-term memory and short-term memory. Long-term memory allows the bees to remember that blue and yellow equate to separate mathematical rules. Short-term memory lets them recall the actual numbers in a particular problem. (解决问题既需要长期记忆，也需要短期记忆。长期记忆允许蜜蜂记住蓝色和黄色等同于单独的数学规则。短期记忆让他们回忆起特定问题中的实际数字。)”可知，在解决问题的时候，短期记忆和长期记忆一样重要。故选D项。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But in fact, complex awareness, like the mathematical problems solved by bees, can be made up of relativlely simple components. (但事实上，复杂的意识，就像蜜蜂解决的数学问题一样，可以由相对简单的组成部分组成。)”可知，我们能从文中了解到复杂意识可以由简单成分组成。故选C项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Dyer said that observing a tiny animal with a brain that has less than a million neurons(神经元) learn a very complex task makes him think, “Wow, what can humans achieve?”(Dyer说，观察一只大脑只有不到一百万个神经元的小动物学会了一项非常复杂的任务，让他想到，‘哇，人类能做到什么？’)”可以推知，一个小小的蜜蜂竟能学会非常复杂的任务，那么，强大的人类的成就可能就是无限的。故选A项。 Passage 10 （2024·天津河东·二模）After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help. Previously, there have been AI models that can turn text into images. They can do this by learning from a large amount of data from both tests and images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine. The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI,功能性磁共振成像). The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the FMRI data - when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos. Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy, according to the researchers. The new study created a novel approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (解码) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality. 45．What do we know about Stable Diffusion? A．It can help train people’s minds. B．It can fully present people’s dreams. C．It was created to draw people’s brains. D．It can produce pictures from people’s thoughts. 46．How did the AI system learn about human brain activities? A．By analyzing descriptions of human thoughts. B．By studying patterns of blood flow in the brain. C．By recording brain scans from four participants. D．By examining 10,000 photos about human brains. 47．How did the AI system improve the quality of the final images? A．By integrating additional brain scans. B．By adjusting various visual elements. C．By employing a “text-to-image” model. D．By inputting text from human observers. 48．What is the potential use of this technology according to scientists? A．To improve text-to-image models. B．To create more accurate brain scans. C．To learn how animals view the world. D．To help people interpret their dreams. 49．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Research on AI System B．The Power of Science Magazine C．The Forms of Dreams D．The Study for Brain Activities 【答案】45．D 46．B 47．C 48．C 49．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个名为“Stable Diffusion”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像，具有现实意义。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine.”（据《科学》杂志报道，这一次，日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个名为“Stable Diffusion”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像。）可知，Stable Diffusion可以从人们的思想中生成图像。故选D项。 46．细节理解题。根据第四段“The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the FMRI data - when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.”（然后，人工智能通过分析FMRI数据显示的血流变化来了解大脑活动——当大脑的一部分被激活时，更多的血液会流向它。然后将大脑活动与照片进行匹配。通过这种方法，人工智能了解了人类大脑在看到不同照片时的反应。）可知，人工智能系统通过研究大脑血液流动的模式来了解人类大脑活动的。故选B项。 47．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy, according to the researchers.”（最后，研究人员在这些参与者观看玩具熊、飞机、时钟和火车的照片时，对人工智能进行了额外的脑部扫描。例如，如果一个人看着一架飞机，人工智能将使用大脑扫描数据创建一个非常模糊的飞机图像。然后，它会打开之前的“文本到图像”模型，并通过输入关键字“飞机”来提高图像的质量。根据研究人员的说法，最终的图像“令人信服”，准确率约为80%。）可知，人工智能系统通过采用“文本到图像”的模式来提高最终图像的质量。故选C项。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new study created a novel approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (解码) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.”（美国普林斯顿大学的阿里尔·戈尔茨坦在接受《科学》杂志采访时表示，这项新研究创造了一种结合文本和图像来“破译大脑”的新方法。在未来，科学家们希望这项技术可以用来记录想象中的想法和梦想，或者让人们了解其他动物对现实的感知有多么不同。）可推知，科学家认为这项技术的潜在用途是人们了解动物是如何感知现实的。故选C项。 49．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine.”（据《科学》杂志报道，这一次，日本大阪大学的研究人员训练了一个名为“Stable Diffusion”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像。）可知，文章主要讲的是一个名为“Stable Diffusion”的人工智能系统，该系统可以根据人们的脑部扫描重新创建图像。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“人工智能系统研究”。故选A项。 Passage 11 （2024·天津河西·二模）I met Ariep on an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu. Being the last fluent Naati speaker in the area, he sorrowfully expressed his fear that, with his death, the language would no longer exist. Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter? Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? As a linguist, I’m on the opposite side of those answering “yes”. I understand how critical and urgent language loss is. Individual communities rely on languages to form culture and identity, and for the global community, languages are an invaluable source of information about human cognition. If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. For instance, people who speak Lulamogi in Uganda feel anxious that as people forget the terms describing methods of catching and eating white ants, they will also forget this important cultural practice. Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. By contrast, the ability of community members to speak their indigenous language together enhances well-being. In British Columbia, research has proved that the young generations in indigenous communities where at least 50% of the people speak the native language tend to exhibit a stronger sense of well-being and more optimistic attitudes toward life. When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. 50．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Ariep’s fear. B．Naati’s fate. C．Public concern over the crisis. D．Protecting endangered language. 51．What are the consequences of language loss? ①Broken dreams of scholars. ②Loss of information sources. ③A big puzzle missing pieces. ④Damaging effects on well-being. ⑤Disappearance of cultural heritage. A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．②③④ 52．Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude toward saving endangered languages? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Disapproving. 53．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Should we save endangered languages? B．Should Naati’s fate concern the island? C．How to make a self-determination? D．How to promote community identity? 54．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A guidebook. D．A magazine. 【答案】50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述该不该拯救濒危语言的话题。 50．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter?(在过去的10年里，这场危机引起了更多的公众关注。在我们赞扬之前为保护特定地区土著人所说的濒临灭绝的土著语言所做的努力的同时，让我们停下来问问：为什么这很重要？)”可知，这里主要介绍人们保护濒临灭绝的语言很重要，所以it指代的是“保护濒危语言”。故选D。 51．细节理解题。根据第六段“If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. (如果一种语言丢失，相关的社区遗产也将消失。)”可知，失去语言将会失去社区文化遗产。根据第七段“Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. (语言的丧失也意味着社区身份和自决权的丧失。很难准确衡量它们的损失，但这种损失确实损害了社区成员的福祉。)”可知，失去语言将会失去社区成员的福祉。根据第八段“When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. (当一种语言消失时，损失的不仅仅是某些信息。)”和第九段“Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. (理解语言对理解人类认知至关重要。每种语言都为我们提供了一块拼图，让我们了解语言在我们的脑海中是如何运作的，否则我们就无法看到全貌。)”可知，失去语言将会失去信息源。故选C。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. (为了每个人的利益，我们必须保护世界语言，以确保子孙后代的语言多样性。)”可知，作者对于拯救濒危语言是支持的态度。故选B。 53．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? (那提的命运应该引起全世界的关注吗？许多讲濒危语言的人，包括阿里普人，都能流利地用其他语言交流。“拯救”这些小语种的希望难道只是不切实际的学者的浪漫想法吗？)”和最后一段“For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. (为了每个人的利益，我们必须保护世界语言，以确保子孙后代的语言多样性。)”可知，这篇文章主要围绕是否要拯救濒危语言的话题进行的讨论。A选项“我们应该拯救濒危语言吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 54．推理判断题。根据第二段“Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. (Naati只是濒危语言的一个例子。如今，世界上50%至90%的语言被认为有可能在本世纪末停止使用。)”和第三段“Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter?(在过去的10年里，这场危机引起了更多的公众关注。在我们赞扬之前为保护特定地区土著人所说的濒临灭绝的土著语言所做的努力的同时，让我们停下来问问：为什么这很重要？)”可知，这篇文章使用的语言具有社会性，说的是社会语言的话题，所以，这篇文章应该出现在报纸或者杂志上。故选D。 Passage 12 （2024·天津河西·二模）In recent studies we have been investigating mirror writing by typical 4-to 6-year-old children. The term is used because the characters — numbered and letters — are reversed (颠倒), yet are correct when looked at in a mirror. For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing. We find mirror writing works on both the cerebral(relating to the brain) and the behavioral level. The former has long been limited to the simplistic 1925 theory by Samue Ort on that one of the cerebral hemispheres (大脑半球) (usually the left) would correctly store the letters while the other would store them in a mirrored form. More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方 向) (left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization. This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation. It is important to note that the learning of the form of characters by children is mainly visual, and that children produce almost entirely horizontal mirror writing. At the behavioral level, when children write the characters from memory, they must give them an. orientation. In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters. This suggests that children usually orient characters in the direction of their. writing. Our explanation is supported by analyzing tens of thousands of writing samples from more than a thousand children. Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims. 55．What does the author want to show by mentioning the left-handedness view? A．The necessity of re-explaining mirror writing. B．The role of teachers in addressing mirror writing. C．The difficulty in adjusting children's handedness. D．The challenge of writing faced by left-handed children. 56．What feature of the human brain was Samuel Ort on unaware of? A．It can recognize letters in a mirror forms. B．It ignores the orientation during image storage. C．Its ability to store visual images is quite limited. D．Its left hemisphere is more active in storing letters. 57．What does mirror generalization help children know about a character? A．Its pronunciation. B．Its meaning. C．Its orientation. D．Its outline. 58．Which combination is likely to be reversed by children writing from right to left? A．7, J and Z. B．9, D and F. C．6, B and R. D．8, J and L. 59．What's the researchers’ suggestion for parents? A．Limiting children’s exposure to mirror writing. B．Regarding mirror writing as something normal. C．Encouraging children to overcome mirror writing. D．Seeking professional advice on kid’s developmental issues. 【答案】55．A 56．B 57．D 58．C 59．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍饿了一项研究表明，儿童在4到6岁时可能会出现镜像书写的现象，即数字和大写字母在书写时会发生左右颠倒，但在镜子中观察时则是正确的，文章探讨了儿童镜像书写现象的成因。 55．推理判断题。根据第二段“For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing.(在相当长的一段时间里，关于这一现象的主流观点得到了左撇子儿童书写反向字符的观察结果的支持，这是不充分的，也是误导性的，因为惯用右手的儿童也会这样做。即使在今天，当孩子们进行镜像写作时，左撇子往往是老师们最喜欢的解释)”可知，传统上将镜像书写与左撇子儿童联系起来的看法并不充分且具有误导性。由此可推知，作者通过提及左撇子的观点想要展示的是对于镜像书写现象需要重新解释的必要性。故选A。 56．细节理解题。根据第三段的“More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方向)(left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization.(然而，最近有研究表明，大脑在存储图像时不会考虑方向（左或右），这一过程被称为镜像泛化)”可知，Samuel Orton未曾意识到的大脑特征是在存储图像过程中忽略方向性。故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据第四段的“This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation.(这种镜像泛化过程非常有用——例如，通过人脸的左右两侧来识别人脸——可以让孩子们从记忆中知道角色的形状，但不知道他们的左/右方向)”可知，镜像泛化帮助孩子了解字符的轮廓，但不是它们的左右方向。故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据第五段的“In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters.(在主要语言是用拉丁字母书写的国家，从左到右，孩子们倾向于主要颠倒朝左的字符，如7和q。然而，当孩子们被要求从右到左书写时，他们会颠倒朝右的字母) ”可知，当从右向左写时，孩子们可能会反转面向右侧的字母。由此推断，6, B and R这组字母包含两个（B和R）通常是面向右侧的字母，和一个朝右的数字6，因此当从右向左书写时，这个组合更可能被儿童反转。故选C。 59．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims.(尽管如此，许多家长仍然认为镜像书写可能是阅读障碍（或非阅读障碍）等疾病的指标，因为医生可能仍然认为儿童的镜像书写是发育问题的标志)”以及整篇文章的主旨可推知，研究者们的建议是让父母将镜像书写视为正常发展的一部分，而非疾病或障碍的标志。故选B。 Passage 13 （2024·天津河东·二模）Many of us are quick to blame others for how we feel: “He makes me so mad!” or “She really hurt my feelings.” But did someone really “make me angry” or are we feeling the anger in us getting kicked up in response to the way someone behaved towards us? The difference between the two is in who the responsible part is for the way we feel. If we blame others for our feelings we will eventually feel reasonable at whatever our retaliation (报复) may be, and we will explain that it was their fault, not ours. “They were driving me mad”. When we blame others for the way we feel we have in fact given power to others for the state of our emotional well-being. The truth is, no one controls our feelings but us. If we are finding that people in our lives really know how to “push our buttons” then we are not doing a good enough job at protecting our “buttons”. We are the ones leaving our buttons out in the open so that other people can “push them”. Ultimately, the switch for our buttons is inside us—not on the outside. While there are some things in life that are clearly out of our control, like the weather or a flight that’s two hours late, how we act and respond to other people’s behavior is not among them. Our responses to others are well within our control. If someone is “making us” so mad, for example, that we get angry, we are not doing enough to learn about what drives our anger and how to properly cope with it. My suggestion is taking time before you get angry, and putting some work into taking an inventory (清单) of the past. An inventory can show you how much of your past experiences influence your feeling reactions in the current moment. When we finally realize that so much of our present feelings and reactions are driven from within ourselves and our own past experiences, we will be ready to make the changes in our lives that will better secure our buttons so that they are no longer left out in public for everyone to push at will. 60．According to the author, if we blame others, most of us always consider ________. A．others to be correct B．ourselves to be correct C．we were driving ourselves mad D．they were driving themselves mad 61．What’s the author’s attitude towards feelings? A．We should blame others for the way we feel. B．We should enable others to control our feelings. C．We should let others know our daily life clearly. D．We should control personal feelings ourselves. 62．What does the underlined phrase “push our buttons” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Force us to do a good job. B．Make us angry. C．Take off our buttons. D．Let us down. 63．Which can always be under our control according to the author? A．The weather conditions. B．The delay of a flight. C．Other people’s feelings. D．Our own behavior. 64．What does the author’s advice mean in Paragraph 5? A．A burden of one’s choice is not felt. B．A friend is easier lost than found. C．Think twice before acting. D．A good beginning is half done. 【答案】60．B 61．D 62．B 63．D 64．C 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章通过分析人类情感反应的责任归属、如何对待他人行为引起的情绪变化，以及提出管理自我情绪的建议，旨在向读者说明个人情感控制的重要性。 60．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“But did someone really “make me angry” or are we feeling the anger in us getting kicked up in response to the way someone behaved towards us? (但真的有人“让我生气”了吗？还是我们觉得自己的愤怒被别人对我们的行为所激怒？)”和第二段中“If we blame others for our feelings we will eventually feel reasonable at whatever our retaliation (报复) may be, and we will explain that it was their fault, not ours. (如果我们因为自己的感受而责怪别人，我们最终会觉得不管我们的报复是什么，都是合理的，我们会解释说那是他们的错，不是我们的错。)”可知，当我们责怪他人时，我们大多数人总是认为自己是正确的。故选B项。 61．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The truth is, no one controls our feelings but us. (事实是，除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的感情。)”和第四段中“Our responses to others are well within our control. (我们对他人的反应完全在我们的掌控之中。)”可知，作者对于个人情感的态度是我们应该自己控制自己的情感。故选D项。 62．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When we blame others for the way we feel we have in fact given power to others for the state of our emotional well-being. The truth is, no one controls our feelings but us. (当我们因为自己的感受而责怪别人时，我们实际上是把自己的情感健康状况交给了别人。事实是，除了我们自己，没有人能控制我们的感情。)”和“then we are not doing a good enough job at protecting our “buttons”. We are the ones leaving our buttons out in the open so that other people can “push them”. Ultimately, the switch for our buttons is inside us—not on the outside. (那么我们在保护我们的“按钮”方面做得不够好。我们把自己的按钮放在外面，这样别人就可以“按”它们。最终，我们的按钮开关在我们内部，而不是在外部。)”可知，如果我们发现生活中的人真的知道如何“触动我们的按钮”，那么我们在保护我们的“按钮”方面做得不够好。可以推断出push our buttons意为“使我们生气”。故选B项。 63．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While there are some things in life that are clearly out of our control, like the weather or a flight that’s two hours late, how we act and respond to other people’s behavior is not among them. Our responses to others are well within our control. (虽然生活中有一些事情显然是我们无法控制的，比如天气或航班晚点两小时，但我们对他人行为的反应和行为却不在其中。我们对他人的反应完全在我们的掌控之中。)”可知，根据作者的观点，我们自己的行为总是在我们的控制之下。故选D项。 64．推理判断题。根据第五段“If someone is “making us” so mad, for example, that we get angry, we are not doing enough to learn about what drives our anger and how to properly cope with it. My suggestion is taking time before you get angry, and putting some work into taking an inventory (清单) of the past. An inventory can show you how much of your past experiences influence your feeling reactions in the current moment. (例如，如果有人“让我们”如此生气，以至于我们生气，我们就没有做足够的事情来了解是什么驱使我们生气，以及如何正确地应对它。我的建议是在你生气之前花点时间，花点时间盘点一下过去。一份清单可以告诉你，你过去的经历对你当前的感觉反应有多大影响。)”可知，作者建议在生气之前花时间去了解是什么驱动了我们的愤怒以及如何妥善应对它，这是一种反思和预先考虑的行为。因此，选项C “Think twice before acting. (三思而后行)”最能概括这一建议的含义。故选C项。 Passage 14 （2024·天津·一模）High-speed Internet access is provided by fiber-optic cables (光纤电缆). In fiber-optic systems, light signals are carried over long distances with fibers covered by cables. They have excellent performance, but they also have their own problems. Many parts of the world — especially underdeveloped areas — are not able to afford to build fiber-optic networks. This prevents millions of people across the world from having access to the Internet. A new system being tested in India and Africa offers a partial solution to this problem. It was developed by Alphabet. Like fiber optics, the system uses light to carry high-speed Internet signals. But the light travels as beams (光束) through the air, without the need for fibers or cables. The beams can transmit high-speed data between two points with the help of receiving devices attached to structures. The technology is called Free Space Optical Communications (FSOC). The project is called Taara, using an FSOC system to transmit high-speed data signals between two large African cities — Brazzaville and Kinshasa. The two cities are only 4.8 kilometers apart from each other, separated by the Congo River. The transmission of data signals is possible as long as there is a direct line of sight between the system’s receiving devices. The system can be affected by some kinds of weather, like heavy fog, or by birds or other animals getting close to the equipment. But the Taara team says it has already made progress in making the system adjust to such environments to avoid any service outages. After adding its “pointing and tracking” equipment to beam connectivity across the river, Taara said the link provided nearly 700 terabytes of data in 20 days with 99.9 percent availability. It noted that that amount of data would be equal to that of watching a FIFA World Cup match 270,000 times. Baris Erkmen, the director of engineering for Taara, has reported similar results in tests of the system in India. He said the team admitted that it couldn’t expect to see “perfect reliability” in the system through all kinds of weather and conditions. However, he added, “We believe Taara’s links will continue to deliver similar performance and will play a key role in bringing faster, more affordable connectivity to people living in these cities.” 65．What can we say about fiber-optic systems? A．Safe and adaptable. B．Complex but popular. C．Effective but expensive. D．Demanding and reusable. 66．What’s the main difference between the fiber-optic system and the FSOC system? A．Their signal quality. B．Their coverage area. C．Their transmission speed. D．Their transmission medium. 67．What does the underlined word “outages” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Aging. B．Failure. C．Updating. D．Exposure. 68．Why does the author present data in the last paragraph? A．To show the successful improvement to Taara. B．To describe the competitive World Cup match. C．To prove the convenience of beam connectivity. D．To introduce the perfect reliability of the system. 69．What is Baris Erkmen’s attitude towards Taara? A．Positive. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. 【答案】65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了FSOC系统为光纤电缆传输的弊端提供了部分解决方案，该系统利用光束来传输高速互联网信号。 65．推理判断题。根据第一段中“In fiber-optic systems, light signals are carried over long distances with fibers covered by cables. They have excellent performance, but they also have their own problems. Many parts of the world —especially underdeveloped areas — are not able to afford to build fiber-optic networks.”（在光纤系统中，光信号通过电缆覆盖的光纤进行长距离传输。他们有优秀的表现，但他们也有自己的问题。世界上许多地方——尤其是欠发达地区——没有能力建设光纤网络。）可推知，光纤系统有效但昂贵。故选C项。 66．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In fiber-optic systems, light signals are carried over long distances with fibers covered by cables. （在光纤系统中，光信号通过电缆覆盖的光纤进行长距离传输。）”和第二段中“But the light travels as beams ( 光束 ) through the air, without the need for fibers or cables. The beams can transmit high-speed data between two points with the help of receiving devices attached to structures. （但是光以光束的形式在空气中传播，不需要光纤或电缆。在连接在结构上的接收装置的帮助下，这些光束可以在两点之间传输高速数据。）”可推知，光纤系统和FSOC系统通过不同的方式传播，因此，它们的主要区别传播介质。故选D项。 67．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The system can be affected by some kinds of weather, like heavy fog, or by birds or other animals getting close to the equipment.”（该系统可能会受到某些天气的影响，比如大雾，或者鸟类或其他动物接近设备。）以及划线单词句中“But the Taara team says it has already made progress in making the system adjust to such environments to avoid…”（但Taara团队表示，他们已经在使系统适应这种环境以避免……）由此可知，此处为他们已经在使系统适应这种环境以避免任何服务中断方面取得了进展。故可猜测划线单词outages为“失败，中断”的意思，结合选项B项Failure“失败，中断”意思一致。故选B项。 68．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After adding its “pointing and tracking” equipment to beam connectivity across the river, Taara said the link provided nearly 700 terabytes of data in 20 days with 99.9 percent availability. It noted that that amount of data would be equal to that of watching a FIFA World Cup match 270,000 times. Baris Erkmen, the director of engineering for Taara, has reported similar results in tests of the system in India.”（Taara表示，在添加了“指向和跟踪”设备后，该链路在20天内提供了近700tb的数据，可用性为99.9%。它指出，这一数据量相当于观看27万次国际足联世界杯比赛的数据量。Taara的工程总监Baris Erkmen报告了该系统在印度测试的类似结果。）可推知，作者在最后一段展示数据是为了向Taara展示成功的改进。故选A项。 69．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He said the team admitted that it couldn’t expect to see “perfect reliability” in the system through all kinds of weather and conditions. However, he added, “We believe Taara’s links will continue to deliver similar performance and will play a key role in bringing faster, more affordable connectivity to people living in these cities.””（他说，该团队承认，他们不能指望在各种天气和条件下看到系统的“完美可靠性”。然而，他补充说，“我们相信Taara的网络将继续提供类似的性能，并将在为生活在这些城市的人们提供更快、更实惠的网络连接方面发挥关键作用。”）可推知，Baris Erkmen对Taara持积极肯定的态度。故选A项。 Passage 15 （2024·天津·一模）Intelligence is not enough to create extraordinary work. The most creative people in history you admire approached problems differently. IQ alone cannot explain creative spark. “Creativity isn’t a talent. It’s a way of operating,” says John Cleese. It’s a central source of meaning in our lives. Creative geniuses are able to bring seemingly contradictor y element s together in unusual and unexpected ways. While there’s no “typical” creative type, Einstein, Picasso and Mozart shared common traits. You can be insanely talented but if you can’t consistently hone your craft (打磨技能), you can’t be great. The ability to stick with and pursue anything that means a lot to you over a long period of time is an important indicator (指标) of achieving anything worthwhile in life. Einstein had extremely high intelligence but he genuinely loved his pursuit of Relativity. He committed a greater percentage of his productive years pursuing the Theory of Relativity. And it meant everything to him. Creative people have a strong desire to work hard and long on what they love doing. The willingness to take risks, to break with the safety of tradition, and step outside the comfort zone is necessary for creativity. History’s creative geniuses risked more to get results. Unless you aim for comfort and stagnation (停滞), taking risks is imperative to every creative process. They valued the process of their work as much as the destination. They enjoyed the process as much as the ultimate outcome. They viewed obstacles as opportunities to explore and make progress. Picasso was once asked if he knew what a painting was going to look like when he started it. He answered, “No, of course not. If I knew, I wouldn’t bother doing it.” Curiosity is fundamental to your success. Einstein, Picasso and Mozart embraced curiosity, were open to new ideas, and persistent despite career setbacks. Mozart once wrote to a friend about his commitment to music and said, “People err who think my art comes easily to me. I assure you, dear friend, nobody has devoted so much time and thought to compositions as I. There is not a famous master whose music I have not industriously studied through many times.” 70．What can we know about creativity and intelligence? A．Intelligence is the decisive factor of success. B．Creativity has nothing to do with intelligence. C．There is more to creativity than just intelligence. D．Creativity belongs to people with great intelligence. 71．Einstein’s success indicates that ______. A．perseverance is a better predictor for success B．talent is necessary in one’s achievements C．high competence is key to high performance D．innovation results from strong motivation 72．We can know that Picasso was ______. A．good at career planning B．sensitive to public criticism C．satisfied with the present life D．brave to embrace the unknown 73．The underlined word “imperative” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “______”. A．difficult B．important C．controversial D．superficial 74．The best title for the text is “______”. A．Einstein’s Pursuit of the Theory of Relativity B．The Creative Habits of Einstein, Picasso and Mozart C．Dedication of an Unusual Degree to Achieve Greatness D．The Great Contribution Made by Einstein, Picasso and Mozart 【答案】70．C 71．A 72．D 73．B 74．B 【导语】本文是说明文。智力不足以创造非凡的作品。创意天才能够以不同寻常和意想不到的方式将看似矛盾的元素结合在一起。文章介绍了爱因斯坦、毕加索和莫扎特有着共同的创作习惯。 70．细节理解题。根据第一段“Intelligence is not enough to create extraordinary work. The most creative people in history you admire approached problems differently. IQ alone cannot explain creative spark.（智力不足以创造非凡的作品。你钦佩的历史上最有创造力的人解决问题的方式不同。单凭智商无法解释创造力的火花。）”可知，创造力不仅仅取决于智力。故选C。 71．推理判断题。根据第三段“Einstein had extremely high intelligence but he genuinely loved his pursuit of Relativity. He committed a greater percentage of his productive years pursuing the Theory of Relativity. And it meant everything to him. Creative people have a strong desire to work hard and long on what they love doing.（爱因斯坦智商极高，但他真正热爱对相对论的追求。他将自己一生中的大部分时间都用于研究相对论。这对他来说意味着一切。富有创造力的人有强烈的愿望，愿意在自己喜欢做的事情上努力工作。）”可知，爱因斯坦的成功表明毅力是成功的更好预测因素。故选A。 72．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Picasso was once asked if he knew what a painting was going to look like when he started it. He answered, ‘No, of course not. If I knew, I wouldn’t bother doing it.’（有人曾问毕加索，当他开始画一幅画时，他是否知道它最终会是什么样子。他回答说：‘当然不知道。如果我知道，我就不会费心去画了。’）”可知，毕加索勇敢拥抱未知。故选D。 73．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词前“The willingness to take risks, to break with the safety of tradition, and step outside the comfort zone is necessary for creativity. History’s creative geniuses risked more to get results. （敢于冒险、打破传统的安全感、走出舒适区是创造力的必要条件。历史上的创造天才为了取得成果冒了更大的风险。）”可知，强调了冒险对于每一个创造过程都是必不可少的。划线词imperative可以用important“重要的”替换。故选B。 74．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s a central source of meaning in our lives. Creative geniuses are able to bring seemingly contradictor y element s together in unusual and unexpected ways. While there’s no “typical” creative type, Einstein, Picasso and Mozart shared common traits.（它是我们生活中意义的核心来源。创意天才能够以不同寻常和意想不到的方式将看似矛盾的元素结合在一起。虽然没有“典型”的创意类型，但爱因斯坦、毕加索和莫扎特有着共同的特质。）”可知，文章介绍了爱因斯坦、毕加索和莫扎特的创作习惯。故选B。 Passage 16 （2024·天津·二模）After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will be replaced by AI. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMs). In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs”. Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers (末日论者) have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and the Republic of Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment. Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially sensitive to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity. However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. And in the past year the white-collar share of employment in professions thought to be at risk from generative AI has risen by 0.5%. Of course, it’s still early days for generative AI. Few firms yet use generative Al tools at large scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While Al may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need. AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on the number of their staff over the next two years, it finds. To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a job apocalypse seems a long way off. 75．In terms of artificial intelligence, people worry about ______. A．how to avoid being replaced by machines B．how to keep up with the trend of technology C．how to master new technological skills D．how to earn higher wages by using technology 76．Economists’ predictions about automation show that ______. A．machines prove to deal a blow to employment B．technological breakthroughs bring an economic boom C．economic theories don’t work well in practice D．it is difficult to clarify the impact of machines on jobs 77．According to the text, since the spring of 2020, white-collar jobs ______. A．have become more diverse B．have decreased in number C．have been threatened by service jobs D．have not suffered noticeable losses 78．How may artificial intelligence influence employment? A．It may cause mass unemployment. B．It may create new jobs for people. C．It may enable employers to hire more. D．It may decrease people’s salaries. 79．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Boy Cries Wolf: Generative Al is not yet killing jobs B．Batten Down the Hatches: Generative AI will replace most of human jobs C．Generative AI: The greatest threat to white-collar workers. D．Generative AI: The greatest invention of the 20th century 【答案】75．A 76．D 77．D 78．C 79．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了人工智能对就业的影响。 75．细节理解题。根据第一段“After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will be replaced by AI. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMs). In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that   “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs”.(在人工智能取得惊人突破之后，许多人担心他们将被人工智能取代。谷歌搜索“我的工作安全吗？”的数量在最近几个月翻了一番，因为人们担心它们将被大型语言模型(LLMs)所取代。在最近的一篇论文中，OpenAI的Tyna Eloundou和他的同事说，“大约80%的美国劳动力至少有10%的工作任务可能会受到引入人工智能的影响。”)”可知，许多人担心他们会被AI取代，因此他们担心如何避免被机器取代。故选A项。 76．推理判断题。根据第二段“Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs.(然而，经济学家更喜欢预测自动化，而不是测试自动化。在2010年代初，他们中的许多人大声预测机器人将夺走数百万人的工作，但当发达国家的就业率升至历史最高水平时，他们却沉默了)”可知，经济学家喜欢预测自动化但不喜欢测试，之前预测机器人会消灭数百万工作机会，但实际上就业率却上升了，这表明机器对工作岗位的影响很难明确。故选D项。 77．细节理解题。根据第五段“White-collar roles are thought to be especially sensitive to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity. However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. And in the past year the white-collar share of employment in professions thought to be at risk from generative AI has risen by 0.5%.(白领角色被认为对生成式人工智能特别敏感，因为生成式人工智能在逻辑推理和创造力方面正变得越来越好。然而，目前几乎没有证据表明人工智能对就业造成了冲击。2020年春季，白领岗位增加，因为许多服务行业的人在covid -19大流行开始时失去了工作。在过去的一年里，被认为受到人工智能威胁的职业中，白领所占的比例上升了0.5%)”可知，尽管有人预测生成式人工智能将对白领工作产生影响，但实际上在2020年春季以来，白领工作并没有受到明显的冲击，甚至在被认为受到生成式人工智能威胁的职业中，白领工作的比例还上升了0.5%。因此，可以得出结论，白领工作自2020年春季以来并未遭受明显损失。故选D项。 78．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ram p up hiring.(人工智能甚至可能对就业产生积极影响。如果使用它的员工变得更有效率，公司的利润就会上升，这将使老板们能够加快招聘)”以及倒数第二段“A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on the number of their staff over the next two years, it finds.(Experis是一家 IT 招聘公司，其最近的一项重新认证调查显示，有这种可能性。调查显示，超过半数的英国雇主预计人工智能技术在未来两年内会对员工数量产生积极影响)”可知，如果工人使用AI后效率提高，公司利润可能上升，这将使老板能够增加招聘，因此人工智能可能会促使雇主雇佣更多的人。故选C项。 79．主旨大意题。根据$$ 阅读理解说明文（核心考点精讲精练） 1. 高考真题考点分布（天津卷） 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 2023年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 5 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 4 0 1 0 0 2023年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 个人经历 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 艺术美学 2 0 2 1 0 D 说明文 人与社会 科普知识 3 1 1 0 0 2022年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 大学生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 1 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 人类认知 2 1 0 0 2 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 2021年6月 A 应用文 人与社会 学校生活 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与创新 3 0 1 0 1 D 议论文 人与社会 艺术与人类文明 3 1 1 0 0 2021年3月 A 应用文 人与社会 社会交往 4 0 0 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 积极的生活态度 0 0 3 1 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展 2 1 2 0 1 D 议论文 人与自我 丰富自我 2 1 2 0 0 2020年7月 A 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 4 0 0 0 1 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 2 0 2 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 3 1 1 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 0 1 3 0 1 2020年5月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与社会 社会交往 1 0 3 0 1 C 说明文 人与社会 科技发展与技术创新 1 0 3 1 1 D 议论文 人与社会 社会进步与人类文明 0 2 2 1 0 2019年6月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 4 0 1 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 优秀品行和正确的人生态度 2 1 2 0 0 C 说明文 人与自然 自然环境 2 0 3 0 0 D 议论文 人与自我 乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习 0 0 2 1 2 2019年3月 A 应用文 人与自我 个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 3 0 2 0 0 B 记叙文 人与自我 认识、丰富、完善自我 3 1 0 0 1 C 说明文 人与自我 健康的生活方式 2 0 1 1 1 D 议论文 人与自我 认识自我 2 1 1 0 1 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 近年来，说明文在阅读理解部分的选材展现出了广泛的多样性，涵盖了诸多领域，如社会现象、科技创新、文化传承、日常生活、人物特写、教育体系、生态环境及安全议题等。说明文在高考阅读理解中的重要性日益凸显，不容忽视。即便是在细节理解题中，考生也往往无法直接从文中找到与选项完全吻合的信息，而是需要基于对文章细节的理解进行归纳与推断。除此之外，每套试卷中，关于主旨大意、词义推测以及写作意图或观点态度的高难度题目基本至少有两道，而说明文在这类题型的考查中尤为频繁，且命题角度多样。 【备考策略】 高考英语中的说明文阅读理解部分，不仅是考察学生语言运用能力的重要环节，也是衡量学生获取信息、理解分析能力的关键。因此，掌握有效的备考策略对于提高此部分的得分至关重要。 在备考过程中，学生应注重词汇的积累，特别是与说明文常涉及的科技、环保、社会现象等相关的专业词汇。同时，扎实的语法知识也是理解复杂句式、把握文章结构的基础。此外，通过大量的阅读训练，尤其是针对说明文的阅读，可以培养学生的语感，提高阅读速度和理解深度。 针对不同难度级别的备考，初级阶段的学生应重点突破词汇和语法障碍，通过简单说明文的阅读逐渐积累信心和经验；中级阶段则需注重提升阅读速度，学会快速定位关键信息；而高级阶段的学生则应注重培养综合分析能力，学会从作者的角度思考问题，深入理解文章主旨。 【命题预测】 2025年阅读理解对说明文的考查仍然是重点，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题、。 必备基础知识： 【题型解读】 说明文的语篇特点主要体现在其结构清晰、语言风格客观专业以及逻辑推理严密等方面。这类文章通常采用总分或递进等结构，先总体概述主题，再分点详细阐述，使得信息层次分明，便于读者理解和把握。语言风格上，说明文注重客观性和专业性，用词准确，句式结构复杂，体现了英语表达的严谨性。逻辑推理方面，说明文强调事物之间的因果关系、对比关系等，要求读者具备较强的逻辑思维能力。 说明文阅读理解的难点和重点在于如何快速准确地把握文章的主旨大意和细节信息，以及如何进行逻辑推理和判断。由于说明文的语言较为专业，且信息量大，考生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法基础，才能顺利理解文章。同时，严密的逻辑推理也要求考生具备较高的思维能力和分析能力。 在实际解题过程中，语篇特点对解题和记忆有着重要影响。清晰的结构有助于考生快速定位信息，提高解题效率；客观专业的语言风格要求考生准确理解词义和句意，避免主观臆断；严密的逻辑推理则要求考生仔细分析文章中的每一个细节，确保理解的准确性和完整性。 【做题步骤】 快速浏览全文：首先快速浏览文章标题、首段、尾段以及每段的首尾句，了解文章的大致内容和结构。 精读问题：仔细阅读题目，明确题目要求，判断题目类型（如细节理解题、词义推断题、推理判断题、主旨概括题等）。 定位信息：根据题目要求，回到原文中定位相关信息。对于细节理解题，直接找到对应的句子或段落；对于推理判断题和主旨概括题，则需要综合全文信息进行分析。 对比分析：将原文信息与题目选项进行对比分析，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。注意同义词替换、信息重组等陷阱。 （PS: 说明文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） 重难点知识： 考点精讲01说明文之意图推断题 【常见设问方式】 What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The writer of the story wants to tell us that________ The fact... is mentioned by the author to show______ The author writes the last paragraph in order to_____ 【做题步骤】 1. 识别题目类型：要仔细阅读题目，识别出这是写作意图推断题。这类题目通常会询问作者的写作目的、意图或态度。 2. 分析文章主题和结构：回顾文章的主题和结构。确定文章的中心思想，以及作者是如何组织文章来传达这一思想的。注意文章中的关键词、句和段落，它们往往能提供关于作者意图的重要线索。 3. 理解写作背景：尝试理解文章的写作背景，包括作者可能的社会、文化或学术环境。这有助于更深入地理解作者的写作意图。 4. 分析写作意图：根据文章的主题、结构和写作背景，开始分析作者的写作意图。思考作者为什么选择这个主题，他/她想要传达什么信息，以及他/她希望读者在阅读后有什么感受或行动。 5. 根据上下文推断答案：根据文章中的上下文信息来推断答案。避免仅根据文章中的一两个句子或段落来做出判断，而是要综合考虑整篇文章的内容和结构。 【技巧】 · 理解文章整体：不要只关注文章的某个部分，而是要理解文章的整体内容和结构。 · 避免主观臆断：不要将自己的观点或偏见带入到对作者意图的推断中。 · 注意细节信息：文章中的细节信息往往能提供关于作者意图的重要线索。 【说明文中常见的说明方法】 · 列数字（List Figures）：通过具体且准确的数字来阐述事物的特点，使得说明更加具有说服力和可信度。数字的运用能够让读者对说明对象有更加清晰、精确的认识。 · 举例子（Give Examples）：通过提供真实、具体的例子来阐释事物的特性，使得说明更加生动、真切。例子能够直观地展示事物的特点，帮助读者更好地理解和接受所说明的内容。 · 引资料（Quote）：引用古诗文、谚语、俗话等权威或经典资料来丰富说明内容，使其更加具体、充实。引用的方法不仅能够增强说明的说服力，还能够在文章开头起到引出说明对象的作用，引导读者进入主题。 · 分类别（By Category）：将事物的特征或事理按照一定标准进行分类，然后逐类进行说明，使得内容条理清晰、层次分明。这种分类说明的方法能够避免重复交叉，使读者对说明对象有更加系统、全面的认识。 · 打比方（Make an Analogy）：运用比喻的修辞方法，将事物与相似或相关的事物进行类比，生动形象地说明该事物的特点。打比方能够增强文章的趣味性和可读性，使读者更加容易理解和接受所说明的内容。 · 下定义（Draw a Definition）：使用简明、科学的语言对说明的对象或科学事理进行准确、本质的揭示和阐述。下定义能够概括地揭示事物的特征或事理，使读者对说明对象有更加清晰、准确的认识。 · 作比较（Make a Comparison）：通过将说明对象与其他相关事物进行比较，突出强调其特点、地位或影响。作比较的方法能够使读者更加深刻地认识和理解说明对象的独特性和重要性。 （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 1．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To propose an abstract theory of art making. B．To reveal the beauty of science in an artistic way. C．To share some personal understanding of artworks. D．To introduce a new research field for art appreciation. 考点精讲02说明文之主旨大意题 【主题句的位置】 主题句是文章或段落中表达中心思想的句子，对于理解整篇文章至关重要。在高考英语说明文中，主题句的位置通常有以下几种情况： 位于段首：这是最常见的情况，特别是议论文和说明文。主题句往往在第一句话就明确提出，随后的内容围绕这一主题展开。 位于段尾：有些文章采用归纳法，先列举事实或细节，最后通过总结性的句子概括主题。因此，在找不到段首主题句时，应快速浏览段尾。 位于段中：较少见，但也有可能。这种情况下，文章通常先介绍背景或细节，然后在中间用一句话概括主题，再进一步阐述。 首尾呼应：少数情况下，主题句在段首和段尾都会出现，形成前后呼应，强化主题。 无明确主题句：有些文章，可能没有明显的主题句，需要通过归纳文章的主要内容来得出。 【寻找主题句的方法】 快速浏览法：快速阅读文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及文章中的关键词和信号词（如therefore, thus, but, however等），这些位置往往包含主题信息。 注意转折和结论性词语：这些词语后的句子很可能是主题句或包含重要信息。 归纳法：当文章没有明确的主题句时，需要根据文章的整体内容和作者的写作意图进行归纳。 【常用解题方法】 · 通读全文，把握整体：首先快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和结构，对文章的主题有一个初步的印象。 · 寻找主题句：如前所述，主题句是理解文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾段、每段的首尾句以及转折和结论性词语后的句子。 · 注意关键词和短语：文章中反复出现的关键词或短语往往与主题密切相关，有助于理解文章的主旨。 · 理解作者的写作意图：通过分析作者的论述方式、论据和结论，推断作者的写作目的和主要观点。 · 排除干扰项：在做题时，要学会排除与文章主旨不符或过于片面的选项，缩小选择范围，提高准确率。 · 归纳概括：对于没有明确主题句的文章，需要根据文章内容进行归纳概括，得出文章的主旨大意。 （2023·天津·高考真题）Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail. And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination. Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world. This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them. 1．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The History of Storytelling B．The Power of Storytelling C．The Forms of Storytelling D．The Art of Storytelling （最新模拟试题演练） Passage 1 （2024·天津河西·三模）What could well extend your life, and might assist you in the life to come? Answer: singing in a choir. It’s not a new discovery: there are endless studies on the subject. But there was a specific angle to this latest study done by Oxford Brookes University researchers, which compared the collective experience of choral singing to that of taking part in team sports. Choirs apparently win hands down. And as someone who since childhood has used singing as an excuse to stay off the sports field, I take no issue with that. In fact, I take no issue with any of these piles of research. The only thing I find annoying is that such an endlessly repeated truth results in relatively little action from the kind of people who could put it to good use. Not least, in government. From time to time I get invited as a music critic to the launch of some program to encourage more collective singing among school-age children. Expert s like Howard Goodall usually turn up. Then, six months later, everything goes quiet. The hard fact is that most state schools don’t bother much with singing. They say they don’t have the resources or the time. And even when a worthwhile singing project drops into their lap, they turn it down. I know a woman named Golda who’s been trying hard to organize a performance of Benjamin Britten’s The Little Sweep — perhaps the greatest work for young children to sing together. But has she found her local schools responsive? Sadly not: it was all too much trouble. I got the chance to tour with a choir at age 11. It opened a world to which an 11-year-old from unfashionable parts of east London doesn’t generally get access. It spoke possibilities. All the physical and mental pluses are a happy bonus. But the joy of access to that world of music is what counts. Just think: if we could finally get Britain’s children singing. we wouldn’t need university researchers. We’d just do it, and be all the better for it. 1．What does the underlined part “take no issue with” in Paragraph 2mean? A．Feel confused about. B．Make no comment on. C．Get unfamiliar with. D．Have no objection to. 2．Which of the following may the author agree with? A．Most children think little of singing. B．Most children prefer singing to doing sports. C．Most schools attach little importance to singing. D．Most schools don’t have the money or the time to form a choir. 3．What was Golda’s problem? A．She couldn’t find a choir to join. B．She failed to win local schools’ support. C．Howard Goodall turned down her invitation. D．The government was unwilling to provide resources. 4．Which word best describes the impact of the 11-year-old experience on the author? A．Eye-opening. B．Identity-awakening. C．Soul-comforting. D．Character-shifting. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To review the latest study on singing. B．To advocate choir singing for children. C．To recommend musical works for the young. D．To compare the benefits of recreational activities. Passage 2 （2024·天津河西·三模）For too many years now, the teaching of the English language in our grammar and high schools has been uninspiring, leaving an entire generation with only unclear ideas about how to write and speak clearly and well. Now The Handbook of Good English, a comprehensive, easy-to-use guide to modern grammar, punctuation, usage, and style, puts the best available advice about writing and using the English language at your fingertips. Intended to replace Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style and a host of other desk-reference books on careful writing, The Handbook of Good English is organized for both rapid reference to check specific points and for leisurely study to improve personal and professional writing. This comprehensive book explores syntax, punctuation, style, organization and tone. Edward D．Johnson does more than issue the rules; he gives examples, exceptions, and, more important, clear, easily understood explanations of why grammar has the rules it does. He also gives full attention to styling, the important matter of giving consistent treatment to numbers, abbreviation, generic terms, forms of address, foreign terms, etc., in good writing. A special feature of this book is the combined Glossary/Index (词汇表/索引), arranged from A to Z, to give instant answers to the most commonly asked questions about misused words, phrases, and constructions, and cross-referenced to the text of a longer explanation is desired. For the novice, the professional, for anyone who cares about the language, The Handbook of Good English is the crucial guide to proper communication. “The Handbook of Good English fills a real need for a basic and strict handbook of standard English grammar, punctuation rules and conventions of editorial styling. Because grammar has been taught so carelessly for the past 20 years, Johnson takes pains to explain reasons for and relationships between grammatical rules,” comments Booklist, a book-review magazine. 6．What does the author think of classroom English language teaching? A．Engaging. B．Time-consuming. C．Creative. D．Ineffective. 7．What is the purpose of The Handbook of Good English? A．To list English words commonly used in daily conversations. B．To provide advice on proper English communication. C．To further develop the idea in The Elements of Style. D．To highlight the importance of grammar learning. 8．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Johnson’s book? A．Its diverse content. B．Its unique organization. C．Its publishing process. D．Its target readers. 9．Why is The Handbook of Good English special according to Paragraph 4? A．It has multiple glossaries for different users. B．It has extensive references for further reading. C．It has a section devoted to readers’ frequent confusions. D．It adopts a conversational approach to explaining grammar. 10．What can the comment from Booklist be regarded as? A．Effective means of learning standard English. B．A further recommendation for Johnson’s book. C．An expectation of Johnson’s creation. D．An introduction to the history of English grammar. Passage 3 （2024·天津河北·二模）Millions of older people, laborers and cancer sufferers could be unable to use their fingerprints to log in online bank accounts. Banks are spending millions of pounds on fingerprint technology to replace passwords. But banks may have to rethink these plans after warnings that the technology flawed （有缺陷）. Representatives of major banks at a London conference were told many older people’s fingerprints are too faded for the machines to recognize. John Daugman, a professor of computer vision and pattern recognition at the University of Cambridge, says, “Fingerprints can ‘rub off’ for many kinds of laborers—their skin becomes almost smooth. Gardeners often acquire a lot of wounds on their fingers, and people who work with chemicals, such as cleaners, also suffer damage of fingerprints.” Jean Slocombe, a senior nurse at Cancer Research UK, says, “Some drugs can cause the skin of hands and feet to peel. In severe cases, the fingers can peel, and it’s possible that this could change a patient’s fingerprints. This should improve once treatment ceases, but severe scarring（伤疤） can change fingerprints in the long term.” Fingerprints are generally considered more secure than passwords for several reasons. Unlike passwords, fingerprints cannot be easily copied, written down, shared, or guessed. Additionally, it is impossible to forget one’s fingerprints. Currently, banks offer customers the option to use a password or PIN (personal identification number) for online access to their money. However, technology experts have predicted that companies might do away with passwords entirely to decrease the risk of fraud （诈骗）. Should this transition to fingerprint technology occur, there is a potential risk that millions of bank customers could find themselves unable to access their accounts. Banks have tried other security measures, such as facial recognition—but fingerprint technology is often the best one, as it is fast and people are more familiar with it. Nick Dryden, a chief executive of technology company Sthaler, says, “Businesses like fingerprint technology because it’s fast.” “There must always be a back-up so that if it doesn’t work, there is another way of paying, such as with a password.” Dryden adds that using the veins（静脉） in someone’s fingers to identify them is more secure and means people with faded prints will not be left behind as technology advances. 11．Which of the following is the critical flaw of using fingerprints to log into accounts? A．Fingerprints can be easily stolen from photos. B．Fingerprint recognition adapts to medical changes. C．The application of fingerprint technology costs too much. D．Elderly people’s fingerprints may be too faint for detection. 12．According to John Daugman, what causes unrecognizable fingerprints? A．Excessive use of technology. B．Physical labor and natural aging. C．Environmental exposure process. D．Lack of proper fingerprinting equipment. 13．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Experts recommend replacing passwords soon. B．Fingerprints can totally avoid the risk of fraud. C．Switching to fingerprints might lock out many customers. D．Passwords and PINs are preferred by banks due to their simplicity. 14．Which is Dryden’s suggestion about fingerprint technology? A．Using veins instead of fingerprints isn’t workable. B．There must be other ways to get into bank accounts. C．Its greatest advantage is its high speed of recognition. D．Passwords are still the most reliable security measure now. 15．’What is the main idea of the passage? A．Comparing password and fingerprint security. B．Enhancing and upgrading bank security measures. C．Presenting fingerprint technology challenges in banking. D．Advancing fingerprint and facial recognition technology. Passage 4 （2024·天津南开·二模）Antarctica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It's also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world's ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place. Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth) , as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice. Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial (外星人) life. Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Arctic (北极) . When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. 16．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to _________. A．tell us about the history of the discovery of Antarctica B．tell us that Antarctica is completely covered in thick ice C．introduce the distribution of fresh water in Antarctica D．introduce the basic information about Antarctica 17．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 2? A．All Antarctic plants grow on ice. B．Animals can't survive the Antarctic polar night. C．Antarctica has a great variety of plants. D．Despite the extreme conditions in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there. 18．What does the author intend to show with the example of the “Alien (外星人) ” rock? A．There are aliens in Antarctica. B．Meteorites all contain evidence of alien existence. C．There's a lot to study in Antarctica. D．Rocks are rare in Antarctica. 19．What could we learn from the last paragraph? A．The Greek geographers found the Antarctica. B．James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole. C．A Norwegian reached the South Pole first. D．Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911. 20．What makes the best title for the passage? A．A Race to the South Pole B．Antarctica: the Last Continent C．The wildlife of Antarctica D．Antarctica: A desert Passage 5 （2024·天津·二模）In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end. So it’s no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg. Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others promote the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century. One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too. “There’s something about their delicate nature that appeals to me,” says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of the process — from the very beginning to the very, very end.” But there’s an appeal in that weakness. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowing you’re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.” Chast’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness. Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The complex patterns were believed to offer protection against evil. “There’s an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not take over in the world,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives. Although the tradition dates back to 300 B．C．, the old symbols on the eggs still reflect their good wishes. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest. 21．Why do people in many cultures prize the egg? A．It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring. B．It is their major source of protein in winter. C．It can easily be made into a work of art. D．It can bring wealth and honor to them. 22．What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia? A．They are shaped like jewel cases. B．They are cherished by the rich. C．They are heavily painted in red. D．They are favored as a form of art. 23．Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition? A．Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life. B．Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists. C．Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today. D．Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on. 24．Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs? A．She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed. B．She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea. C．She always derives great pleasure from designing something new. D．She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end. 25．What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting? A．The Russians prefer baking red eggs into breads. B．It has a history of over two thousand years. C．It is the most time-honored form of fancy art. D．It is especially favored as a church decoration. Passage 6 （2024·天津·二模）Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. 26．Why should pruning be done? A．To make the tree grow taller. B．To improve the shape of the tree. C．To get rid of the small branches. D．To make the small branches thicker. 27．Trees will become unhealthy if the gardener ______. A．gives a tree a special shape and a definite height B．removes small side branches and makes a tree look less thick C．allows too many branches to grow in the middle D．has a tree surrounded by many other trees 28．Why is a special material painted on the tree? A．To prevent disease entering a wound. B．To cover a rough surface. C．To make a wound smooth. D．To help a wound to dry. 29．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The author tends to favor pruning frequently. B．It’s easy to find a reason to prune trees. C．Pruning trees properly is not easy. D．Pruned trees will always grow taller. 30．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Discussing different methods of pruning. B．Introducing some potential risks of pruning a tree. C．Explaining how trees develop disease. D．Giving practical instructions for pruning a tree. Passage 7 （2024·天津和平·二模）To better understand how animals like spiders communicate with pattern and color, Jenny Yi-Ti Sung, a biology doctoral student at the University of Cincinnati, is turning to ancient dramatic art. Sung is studying how Beijing operas convey details about characters to their audiences through the performers’ colorful masks (脸谱). Like jumping spiders, Beijing opera masks have unique patterns and colors that convey information to their intended audience. For spiders, the unique characteristics broadcast species, sex or even romantic intentions to possible mates. Similarly, in Beijing opera, the masks give the audience clues about a character’s motives, character or virtue. “I’m interested in understanding how male spiders might use their patterns and colors to tell a female spider they’re the same species and are a good mate,” Sung said. “I saw a parallel in Beijing opera masks. How do these visual patterns evolve to tell a specific identity?” Sung is investigating whether Beijing opera masks within a particular opera are more similar or different compared with masks in unrelated operas. Her computerized analysis involves scanning and resizing 76 masks for uniformity, employing the Eigenfaces (特征脸) method to identify common or unique facial features. This investigation aims to reveal the importance of differentiation among characters within the same story in the Beijing opera. Nathan Morehouse, Sung’s advisor, thought highly of Sung’s creative approach, describing it as a delightful marriage of cultural and scientific interests in evolutionary biology. “I think it enriches science and opens up new ways of thinking’ about things,” he said. Facial patterns, as observed in jumping spiders and various animal species, hold biological significance in conveying information about species, sex and mate suitability. Besides spiders, facial pattern recognition is found in many other animals. “When they live in mixed-species communities, their facial patterns evolve to be distinct so they can distinguish members of the same species at a distance,” Morehouse said. Sung hopes that her study will shed light on evolutionary divergence (差异), exploring the point at which members of the same species take different genetic paths. “Of course, there’s no punishment to the audience if they don’t recognize the Beijing opera faces properly. But in the wild, you’d get eaten,” she said. 31．What is the aim of Sung’s investigation of Beijing opera masks? A．To identify the colors used in different masks. B．To find similarities among masks in unrelated operas. C．To understand the features of Eigenfaces in opera masks. D．To uncover the significance of distinguishing characters in operas. 32．According to Morehouse, what is special about Sung’s study? A．It applies to many animals. B．It involves biological sciences. C．It combines science with culture. D．It involves wildlife conservation. 33．What is one way that facial patterns help animals, according to the text? A．They confuse their enemies. B．They promote species harmony. C．They enable species recognition. D．They facilitate cross-species interaction. 34．What can we know about Nathan Morehouse? A．He is a famous scientist in evolutionary biology. B．He supports Sung’s research on Beijing opera masks. C．He thinks the study of masks has little value. D．He doesn’t like the idea of combining culture and science. Passage 8 （2024·天津和平·二模）Dads have a language all their own, one that’s not difficult to decipher (理解). “Have you checked the oil in the car?” my father used to say to me, his version of “hello”. Sometimes our phone calls would begin with an inquiry about the oil, and end with an inquiry about the oil, with not a lot in between. Fathers have a lot of love to give, but it’s often supplied through the medium of practical advice. In my experience: It’s mostly about your motor vehicle. “How’s the car running?” “Did you get it serviced?” “How did you get that scrape (刮痕) on the side?” Why can’t we fathers just say “I love you” or “It’s great to see you”? The point is: That’s exactly what we are saying. You just have to translate from the language that is Fatherlish. Listen closely enough and the phrase “I love you” can be heard in the slightly lengthier (冗长的) “I could come around Saturday and replace the silicon seal (硅胶)around the base of your toilet because I reckon that thing is getting really stinky.” The sentiment (情感) “You made my life better from the moment you were born” may be rarely heard, but the point is there in the more common “ I’ll hold the ladder while you get the leaves out of the gutter (水沟).” When I was 17, I went on my first road trip together with my friend. My father stood on the corner in the predawn of a cold morning to bid us farewell. “Highways are dangerous;” he said, “so don’t try overtaking anything faster than a horse and buggy (婴儿车). And take a break every two hours. And every time you stop for gas, you really should check the oil.” At the time we thought his speech was pretty funny and would chant “horse-and-buggy, horse-and-buggy” every time I floored the accelerator to overtake some other speeding vehicle. Dad’s long gone now. But after all these years, I realize that had I owned a copy of the Fatherlish-to-English dictionary, I’d have understood that the speech my friend and I so casually mocked was simply Dad’s attempt at affection. 35．What does the author try to present in the first paragraph? A．Fathers are dull at communication. B．Fathers have typical ways to express affection. C．It’s hard to understand fathers’ language. D．Fathers are more practical in daily life. 36．According to the passage, what might be the reason for fathers not saying “I love you” directly? A．They are too shy to express their feelings. B．They prefer to show love through actions. C．They avoid being ordinary and prefer a distinctive way. D．They think it unnecessary to keep saying love out loud. 37．Why does the author mention his first road trip? A．To show the danger of the trip. B．To recall a very exciting experience. C．To portray the image of a caring father. D．To express the regret of misunderstanding. 38．The underlined word “mocked” in the last paragraph can be replaced by _______. A．laughed at B．listened to C．dealt with D．learned from 39．What could be the best title for the passage? A．My Father’s Love. B．Father’s Special Language. C．Say “I Love You” to Fathers. D．Hidden Love in Father’s Words. Passage 9 （2024·天津·二模）It turns out that humans aren’t the only ones taking mathematics tests. A group of cognitive (认知的) scientists are training bees to perform simple addition and subtraction (减法). For the experiment, the scientists lured individual bees with sugar water. “She flies back to the hive, gives it to the other bees, and two minutes later she’ll come back and do it again,” Dyer said, a scientist from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. They taught and tested 14 bees over the course of the experiment — one bee at a time. To learn the rules, a bee first would be shown cards printed with a number of shapes in one of two colors: blue, if they were supposed to add one to the shapes on the card, or yellow, if they were meant to subtract one shape. Then, the bee would choose an answer to the problem by flying to one of two presented solutions. If it chose well, it found itself near a solution of delicious sugar water. If it chose poorly, however, it would be punished with a bad-tasting drink. The researchers found that each bee picked the correct answer in both addition and subtraction trials about 70percent of the time. Dyer said, “Problem-solving requires both long-term memory and short-term memory. Long-term memory allows the bees to remember that blue and yellow equate to separate mathematical rules. Short-term memory lets them recall the actual numbers in a particular problem.” “It is assumed that humans are very complex, and there’s a decreasing level of complexity going away from humans,” said Muth, an animal congnition researcher who wasn’t involved in this study. But in fact, complex awareness, like the mathematical problems solved by bees, can be made up of relativlely simple components. That doesn’t explain why bees might have evolved the ability to figure out mathematical problems, though. One possibility is that bees didn’t evolve to do addition and subtraction. They just evolved to be smart enough to figure it out. Dyer said that observing a tiny animal with a brain that has less than a million neurons (神经元) learn a very complex task makes him think, “Wow, what can humans achieve?” 40．What are the scientists training bees to do in the experiment? A．Flying on blue and yellow cards. B．Adding shapes to different cards. C．Solving simple mathematical problems. D．Tasting water of two flavors. 41．What would happen if the bees chose the wrong answer to the problem? A．They would be punished with a bad-tasting drink. B．They would be treated with sugar drink. C．They would be permitted to leave the hive. D．They would be given a beautiful shape card. 42．What role does memory play in problem-solving? A．Long-term memory plays a bigger part. B．Long-term memory contributes to recalling. C．Short-term memory facilitates remembering. D．Short-term memory is as important as long-term memory. 43．What can we learn from the passage? A．Bees are as complex as man in many aspects. B．Bees are by nature good at mathematics. C．Complex awareness can consist of simple components. D．Bees learn to solve maths problems under certain pressure. 44．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Human achievements can be limitless. B．Human brains deserve good study. C．Humans must fully develop neurons. D．Humans are good at observation. Passage 10 （2024·天津河东·二模）After waking up, you may feel frustrated that you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to help. Previously, there have been AI models that can turn text into images. They can do this by learning from a large amount of data from both tests and images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people’s brain scans, reported Science magazine. The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, US, which consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI,功能性磁共振成像). The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the FMRI data - when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activities with the photos. Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos. Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry (模糊的) airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous “text-to-image” model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword “airplane”. The final images were “convincing” with about 80 percent of accuracy, according to the researchers. The new study created a novel approach that incorporates texts and images to “decipher (解码) the brain”, Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University, US, told Science magazine. In the future, scientists hope that the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality. 45．What do we know about Stable Diffusion? A．It can help train people’s minds. B．It can fully present people’s dreams. C．It was created to draw people’s brains. D．It can produce pictures from people’s thoughts. 46．How did the AI system learn about human brain activities? A．By analyzing descriptions of human thoughts. B．By studying patterns of blood flow in the brain. C．By recording brain scans from four participants. D．By examining 10,000 photos about human brains. 47．How did the AI system improve the quality of the final images? A．By integrating additional brain scans. B．By adjusting various visual elements. C．By employing a “text-to-image” model. D．By inputting text from human observers. 48．What is the potential use of this technology according to scientists? A．To improve text-to-image models. B．To create more accurate brain scans. C．To learn how animals view the world. D．To help people interpret their dreams. 49．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Research on AI System B．The Power of Science Magazine C．The Forms of Dreams D．The Study for Brain Activities Passage 11 （2024·天津河西·二模）I met Ariep on an island in the South Pacific nation of Vanuatu. Being the last fluent Naati speaker in the area, he sorrowfully expressed his fear that, with his death, the language would no longer exist. Naati is just an example of endangered language. Today, 50% to 90% of the world’s languages are considered at risk of falling out of use by the end of the century. Over the last 10 years, this crisis has attracted more public attention. While we praise previous efforts made to protect dying indigenous languages native to specific places and spoken by aboriginal people, let’s stop and ask: Why does it matter? Should Naati’s fate concern the world? Many speakers of endangered languages, including Ariep, communicate fluently in other languages. Is the hope of “saving” these small languages just a romantic idea of unrealistic scholars? As a linguist, I’m on the opposite side of those answering “yes”. I understand how critical and urgent language loss is. Individual communities rely on languages to form culture and identity, and for the global community, languages are an invaluable source of information about human cognition. If a language is lost, the relevant community heritage will disappear. For instance, people who speak Lulamogi in Uganda feel anxious that as people forget the terms describing methods of catching and eating white ants, they will also forget this important cultural practice. Language loss also means a loss of community identity and self-determination. Measuring their exact damage is hard, but the loss indeed harms the well-being of community members. By contrast, the ability of community members to speak their indigenous language together enhances well-being. In British Columbia, research has proved that the young generations in indigenous communities where at least 50% of the people speak the native language tend to exhibit a stronger sense of well-being and more optimistic attitudes toward life. When a language is disappearing more is lost than just certain bits of information. Understanding language is vital to understanding human cognition. Every language presents us with a piece of the puzzle for finding out how language works in our mind, without which we are prevented from seeing the full picture. For everyone’s sake, we must preserve the world’s languages to ensure linguistic diversity for future generations. 50．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Ariep’s fear. B．Naati’s fate. C．Public concern over the crisis. D．Protecting endangered language. 51．What are the consequences of language loss? ①Broken dreams of scholars. ②Loss of information sources. ③A big puzzle missing pieces. ④Damaging effects on well-being. ⑤Disappearance of cultural heritage. A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．②③④ 52．Which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude toward saving endangered languages? A．Neutral. B．Supportive. C．Unconcerned. D．Disapproving. 53．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Should we save endangered languages? B．Should Naati’s fate concern the island? C．How to make a self-determination? D．How to promote community identity? 54．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A novel. C．A guidebook. D．A magazine. Passage 12 （2024·天津河西·二模）In recent studies we have been investigating mirror writing by typical 4-to 6-year-old children. The term is used because the characters — numbered and letters — are reversed (颠倒), yet are correct when looked at in a mirror. For quite a long time, the mainstream views on the phenomenon were supported by the observation of left-handed children writing reverse characters, which was insufficient and misleading as right-handed children do so as well. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing. We find mirror writing works on both the cerebral(relating to the brain) and the behavioral level. The former has long been limited to the simplistic 1925 theory by Samue Ort on that one of the cerebral hemispheres (大脑半球) (usually the left) would correctly store the letters while the other would store them in a mirrored form. More recently, however, it has been shown that the brain doesn’t consider orientation (方 向) (left or right) when storing images, a process called mirror generalization. This mirror generalization process, which can be very useful — for example, to recognize a face by both its left and right sides —leads children to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left / right orientation. It is important to note that the learning of the form of characters by children is mainly visual, and that children produce almost entirely horizontal mirror writing. At the behavioral level, when children write the characters from memory, they must give them an. orientation. In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters —written from left to right — children tend to reverse mainly characters that face the left, such as 7 and q. However, when children are required to write from right to left, they instead reverse the right-oriented letters. This suggests that children usually orient characters in the direction of their. writing. Our explanation is supported by analyzing tens of thousands of writing samples from more than a thousand children. Nevertheless, many parents continue to believe that mirror writing might be the indicator of a disorder such as dyslexia (读写困难), as doctors may still suggest that mirror writing by children is a sign of a developmental issue. Our research on typical developing children does not support such claims. 55．What does the author want to show by mentioning the left-handedness view? A．The necessity of re-explaining mirror writing. B．The role of teachers in addressing mirror writing. C．The difficulty in adjusting children's handedness. D．The challenge of writing faced by left-handed children. 56．What feature of the human brain was Samuel Ort on unaware of? A．It can recognize letters in a mirror forms. B．It ignores the orientation during image storage. C．Its ability to store visual images is quite limited. D．Its left hemisphere is more active in storing letters. 57．What does mirror generalization help children know about a character? A．Its pronunciation. B．Its meaning. C．Its orientation. D．Its outline. 58．Which combination is likely to be reversed by children writing from right to left? A．7, J and Z. B．9, D and F. C．6, B and R. D．8, J and L. 59．What's the researchers’ suggestion for parents? A．Limiting children’s exposure to mirror writing. B．Regarding mirror writing as something normal. C．Encouraging children to overcome mirror writing. D．Seeking professional advice on kid’s developmental issues. Passage 13 （2024·天津河东·二模）Many of us are quick to blame others for how we feel: “He makes me so mad!” or “She really hurt my feelings.” But did someone really “make me angry” or are we feeling the anger in us getting kicked up in response to the way someone behaved towards us? The difference between the two is in who the responsible part is for the way we feel. If we blame others for our feelings we will eventually feel reasonable at whatever our retaliation (报复) may be, and we will explain that it was their fault, not ours. “They were driving me mad”. When we blame others for the way we feel we have in fact given power to others for the state of our emotional well-being. The truth is, no one controls our feelings but us. If we are finding that people in our lives really know how to “push our buttons” then we are not doing a good enough job at protecting our “buttons”. We are the ones leaving our buttons out in the open so that other people can “push them”. Ultimately, the switch for our buttons is inside us—not on the outside. While there are some things in life that are clearly out of our control, like the weather or a flight that’s two hours late, how we act and respond to other people’s behavior is not among them. Our responses to others are well within our control. If someone is “making us” so mad, for example, that we get angry, we are not doing enough to learn about what drives our anger and how to properly cope with it. My suggestion is taking time before you get angry, and putting some work into taking an inventory (清单) of the past. An inventory can show you how much of your past experiences influence your feeling reactions in the current moment. When we finally realize that so much of our present feelings and reactions are driven from within ourselves and our own past experiences, we will be ready to make the changes in our lives that will better secure our buttons so that they are no longer left out in public for everyone to push at will. 60．According to the author, if we blame others, most of us always consider ________. A．others to be correct B．ourselves to be correct C．we were driving ourselves mad D．they were driving themselves mad 61．What’s the author’s attitude towards feelings? A．We should blame others for the way we feel. B．We should enable others to control our feelings. C．We should let others know our daily life clearly. D．We should control personal feelings ourselves. 62．What does the underlined phrase “push our buttons” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Force us to do a good job. B．Make us angry. C．Take off our buttons. D．Let us down. 63．Which can always be under our control according to the author? A．The weather conditions. B．The delay of a flight. C．Other people’s feelings. D．Our own behavior. 64．What does the author’s advice mean in Paragraph 5? A．A burden of one’s choice is not felt. B．A friend is easier lost than found. C．Think twice before acting. D．A good beginning is half done. Passage 14 （2024·天津·一模）High-speed Internet access is provided by fiber-optic cables (光纤电缆). In fiber-optic systems, light signals are carried over long distances with fibers covered by cables. They have excellent performance, but they also have their own problems. Many parts of the world — especially underdeveloped areas — are not able to afford to build fiber-optic networks. This prevents millions of people across the world from having access to the Internet. A new system being tested in India and Africa offers a partial solution to this problem. It was developed by Alphabet. Like fiber optics, the system uses light to carry high-speed Internet signals. But the light travels as beams (光束) through the air, without the need for fibers or cables. The beams can transmit high-speed data between two points with the help of receiving devices attached to structures. The technology is called Free Space Optical Communications (FSOC). The project is called Taara, using an FSOC system to transmit high-speed data signals between two large African cities — Brazzaville and Kinshasa. The two cities are only 4.8 kilometers apart from each other, separated by the Congo River. The transmission of data signals is possible as long as there is a direct line of sight between the system’s receiving devices. The system can be affected by some kinds of weather, like heavy fog, or by birds or other animals getting close to the equipment. But the Taara team says it has already made progress in making the system adjust to such environments to avoid any service outages. After adding its “pointing and tracking” equipment to beam connectivity across the river, Taara said the link provided nearly 700 terabytes of data in 20 days with 99.9 percent availability. It noted that that amount of data would be equal to that of watching a FIFA World Cup match 270,000 times. Baris Erkmen, the director of engineering for Taara, has reported similar results in tests of the system in India. He said the team admitted that it couldn’t expect to see “perfect reliability” in the system through all kinds of weather and conditions. However, he added, “We believe Taara’s links will continue to deliver similar performance and will play a key role in bringing faster, more affordable connectivity to people living in these cities.” 65．What can we say about fiber-optic systems? A．Safe and adaptable. B．Complex but popular. C．Effective but expensive. D．Demanding and reusable. 66．What’s the main difference between the fiber-optic system and the FSOC system? A．Their signal quality. B．Their coverage area. C．Their transmission speed. D．Their transmission medium. 67．What does the underlined word “outages” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Aging. B．Failure. C．Updating. D．Exposure. 68．Why does the author present data in the last paragraph? A．To show the successful improvement to Taara. B．To describe the competitive World Cup match. C．To prove the convenience of beam connectivity. D．To introduce the perfect reliability of the system. 69．What is Baris Erkmen’s attitude towards Taara? A．Positive. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. Passage 15 （2024·天津·一模）Intelligence is not enough to create extraordinary work. The most creative people in history you admire approached problems differently. IQ alone cannot explain creative spark. “Creativity isn’t a talent. It’s a way of operating,” says John Cleese. It’s a central source of meaning in our lives. Creative geniuses are able to bring seemingly contradictor y element s together in unusual and unexpected ways. While there’s no “typical” creative type, Einstein, Picasso and Mozart shared common traits. You can be insanely talented but if you can’t consistently hone your craft (打磨技能), you can’t be great. The ability to stick with and pursue anything that means a lot to you over a long period of time is an important indicator (指标) of achieving anything worthwhile in life. Einstein had extremely high intelligence but he genuinely loved his pursuit of Relativity. He committed a greater percentage of his productive years pursuing the Theory of Relativity. And it meant everything to him. Creative people have a strong desire to work hard and long on what they love doing. The willingness to take risks, to break with the safety of tradition, and step outside the comfort zone is necessary for creativity. History’s creative geniuses risked more to get results. Unless you aim for comfort and stagnation (停滞), taking risks is imperative to every creative process. They valued the process of their work as much as the destination. They enjoyed the process as much as the ultimate outcome. They viewed obstacles as opportunities to explore and make progress. Picasso was once asked if he knew what a painting was going to look like when he started it. He answered, “No, of course not. If I knew, I wouldn’t bother doing it.” Curiosity is fundamental to your success. Einstein, Picasso and Mozart embraced curiosity, were open to new ideas, and persistent despite career setbacks. Mozart once wrote to a friend about his commitment to music and said, “People err who think my art comes easily to me. I assure you, dear friend, nobody has devoted so much time and thought to compositions as I. There is not a famous master whose music I have not industriously studied through many times.” 70．What can we know about creativity and intelligence? A．Intelligence is the decisive factor of success. B．Creativity has nothing to do with intelligence. C．There is more to creativity than just intelligence. D．Creativity belongs to people with great intelligence. 71．Einstein’s success indicates that ______. A．perseverance is a better predictor for success B．talent is necessary in one’s achievements C．high competence is key to high performance D．innovation results from strong motivation 72．We can know that Picasso was ______. A．good at career planning B．sensitive to public criticism C．satisfied with the present life D．brave to embrace the unknown 73．The underlined word “imperative” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “______”. A．difficult B．important C．controversial D．superficial 74．The best title for the text is “______”. A．Einstein’s Pursuit of the Theory of Relativity B．The Creative Habits of Einstein, Picasso and Mozart C．Dedication of an Unusual Degree to Achieve Greatness D．The Great Contribution Made by Einstein, Picasso and Mozart Passage 16 （2024·天津·二模）After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will be replaced by AI. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMs). In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs”. Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers (末日论者) have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and the Republic of Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment. Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially sensitive to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity. However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. And in the past year the white-collar share of employment in professions thought to be at risk from generative AI has risen by 0.5%. Of course, it’s still early days for generative AI. Few firms yet use generative Al tools at large scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While Al may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need. AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on the number of their staff over the next two years, it finds. To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a job apocalypse seems a long way off. 75．In terms of artificial intelligence, people worry about ______. A．how to avoid being replaced by machines B．how to keep up with the trend of technology C．how to master new technological skills D．how to earn higher wages by using technology 76．Economists’ predictions about automation show that ______. A．machines prove to deal a blow to employment B．technological breakthroughs bring an economic boom C．economic theories don’t work well in practice D．it is difficult to clarify the impact of machines on jobs 77．According to the text, since the spring of 2020, white-collar jobs ______. A．have become more diverse B．have decreased in number C．have been threatened by service jobs D．have not suffered noticeable losses 78．How may artificial intelligence influence employment? A．It may cause mass unemployment. B．It may create new jobs for people. C．It may enable employers to hire more. D．It may decrease people’s salaries. 79．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Boy Cries Wolf: Generative Al is not yet killing jobs B．Batten Down the Hatches: Generative AI will replace most of human jobs C．Generative AI: The greatest threat to white-collar workers. D．Generative AI: The greatest invention of the 20th century Passage 17 （2024·天津南开·模拟预测）What if “looking your age” refers not to your face, but to your chest? Osaka Metropolitan University scientists have developed an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model that uses chest radiographs (光片) to assess a person’s biological age. More importantly, when it is different from the chronological age (实足年龄), it can signal a link with chronic (慢性的) diseases. These findings mark a breakthrough in medical imaging, paving the way for improved early disease detection and intervention. The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhito Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda from the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at the Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, first constructed a deep learning-based AI model to estimate age from chest radiographs of healthy individuals. They then applied the model to radiographs of patients with known diseases to analyze the relationship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained on a single dataset tends to over fit, the researchers collected data from multiple institutions. For the development, training, internal and external testing of the AI model for age estimation, a total of 67,099 chest radiographs were obtained between 2008 and 2021 from 36,051 healthy individuals who underwent health check-ups at three facilities. To confirm the usefulness of AI-estimated age using chest radiographs as a biomarker, an additional 34,197 chest radiographs were collected from 34,197 patients with known diseases from two other institutions. The results showed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chronological age was positively correlated with a variety of chronic diseases. In other words, the higher the AI-estimated age compared to the chronological age, the more likely individuals were to have these diseases. “Chronological age is one of the most critical factors in medicine,” stated Mr. Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radiography-based apparent age may accurately reflect health conditions beyond chronological age. We aim to further develop this research and apply it to estimate the severity of chronic diseases, to predict life expectancy and to forecast possible surgical complications.” 80．What is the AI model used to do? A．Tell a patient’s chronological age. B．Estimate an individual’s biological age. C．Develop advanced chest radiographs. D．Analyze individuals’ workout habits. 81．What did the research team do for their research? A．They followed patients for over two decades. B．They obtained data from the same institution. C．They collected a large number of chest radiographs. D．They had face-to-face talks with healthy individuals. 82．How did the research team know if individuals might be sick? A．By making comparisons. “ B．By interviewing their doctors. C．By observing them in their lab. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 83．What do the researchers aim to do with their research findings in the future? A．Develop a new AI model for facial recognition. B．Apply the research to estimate the severity of acute diseases. C．Predict the weather using AI technology. D．Apply the research to estimate the severity of chronic diseases and predict life expectancy. 84．Which of the following statement does Mr. Mitsuyama agree with? A．The research is too complex to be carried out widely. B．The AI model is expected to have a promising future. C．Chronological age matters more than Al-estimated age. D．The research findings have been well received in medicine. Passage 18 （2024·天津北辰·三模）Yesterday, I was standing in line at a store and the song Please Come to Boston which was quite popular when I was in high school, came on in the background. I hadn’t heard it for years. Suddenly, I was overcome by flashbacks of people and places linked to that song from earlier stages of my life. It seems people tend to be extremely nostalgic (怀旧的) about the music they listened to when they were young. Psychological research has shown that autobiographical memories (life experiences) from certain time periods are remembered better than others. One obvious phenomenon is the “reminiscence bump” (记忆隆起): the fact that people tend to recall memories from when they were 10 to 30 years old much better. That’s because this period contains many novel and self-defining life experiences such as graduation and marriage. Biological changes may also boost the effectiveness of our memories from this period. In our experiment, we investigated the presence of the “musical reminiscence bump” in a group of 470 adults aged 18 to 82. Our aim was to examine how a person’s age when a song was popular affected three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was and how much they liked the song. Participants were shown the titles and artists of 111 pop songs that had featured in the charts across a 65-year period (1950~2015). After a given time, they were asked to complete the measurement. We discovered music during one’s adolescence was rated as more familiar. In addition, we found some songs were preferred regardless of a participant’s age. For instance, we saw a general increase in how much people liked songs from the late 1970s to early 1980s, even in participants who weren’t yet born during that time period. Examples of songs we used from this time period include Hotel California by the Eagles. Music can undeniably cause nostalgia. For example, advertisers want to elicit (引出) a nostalgic reaction from a certain group of consumers. And they should notice doctors who aim to reconnect patients suffering from memory loss with self-defining memories from their pasts can also take advantage of nostalgia. 85．What does the author want to imply through his own experience at a store? A．His taste for music in high school. B．His way of killing the boring queuing time. C．The link between sales and background music. D．Music’s ability to waken memories from the past. 86．What can be concluded about the reminiscence bump? A．It helps improve our childhood memories) B．It still remains a mystery to modern science. C．Events occurring during it are more memorable. D．It explains why some have a better memory than others. 87．What were participants required to do in the study? A．Make a list of their favorite songs and artists. B．Provide ratings of three music-related questions. C．Learn to sing some songs released in the past 65 years. D．Compare the features of pop songs from different periods. 88．What did the researchers find in their experiment? A．The Eagles were a representative band in the late 20th century. B．Pop music stars’ adolescence had a great impact on their works. C．The late 1970s and early 1980s were the peak of music creation. D．Pop music from certain time periods was favored by different generations. 89．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Musical nostalgia has practical applications in life. B．All doctors are responsible for treating nostalgia. C．Too much nostalgia may lead to memory loss to a degree. D．Advertisers are good at analyzing consumers’ musical tastes. Passage 19 （2024·天津北辰·三模）Back in 1930, economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that with technological change and improvements in productivity, we’d be working only 15 hours a week in the near future. But while working hours have declined by 26%, most of us still work 42.5 hours a week on average, according to Eurostat figures. One of the things Keynes underestimated is our desire to compete with our peers — a drive that makes us work more than we need to. “We don’t measure productivity by how many acres we’ve harvested, so the amount of working time becomes an indicator.” says Alex Soojung-Kim Pang. Due to computerization and globalization in the 1980s, managers could demand more of employees under the threat that jobs could be given to someone else, so the pressure increased. And we took it, overwhelmed with the pressure while shouldering the burden all the same at the cost of our health. Psychologist Barbara Killinger writes such a phenomenon in Workaholics: The Respectable Addicts. But far from delivering productivity, value, or personal fulfillment, overwork has been proven to lead to burnout, stress, poor health, etc. Nevertheless, we persisted — until the fourth Industrial Revolution came along. The fourth Industrial Revolution has accelerated the move towards automation and AI, especially for jobs with high physical proximity (接近). Economist Dr. Carl Frey predicts that at least 40% of current jobs will be lost to automation by 2050. There are exceptions. Jobs that involve complex social interactions are beyond current robot skills, such as teaching, cleaning jobs, and jobs that rely on creativity, according to Frey and Osborne. According to McKinsey, those whose work falls outside the caring, cleaning and creative fields will still work in the future, just differently. In about 60% of occupations, it’s estimated that a third of the tasks can be automated, meaning substantial changes to the way we work. A large-scale study carried out by accountancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers predicted that over the next 20 years, although 7 million jobs will be lost to AI, 7.2 million new ones will be created as a result. So we will work in the future: we just don’t know what we’ll be doing yet. 90．What do the figures in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A．Our working time failed to decrease as much as predicted. B．Technology keeps changing with the development of society. C．Keynes’ prediction mainly focused on productivity improvement. D．Overwork will result in fierce competition between employees. 91．What might lead to the disagreement between the reality and Keynes estimation? A．People’s false sense of time. B．People’s awareness of peer competition. C．People’s ignoring the quality of their jobs. D．People’s pressure to increase productivity. 92．How did most employees respond to the managers’ pressure in the 1980s? A．They argued for fairness. B．They devoted more to their work. C．They tried to escape shouldering the burden. D．They emphasized the importance of their health. 93．Which of the following situations will appear under the influence of automation and AI? A．Counseling service will be paid less attention to. B．More and more cleaners become unemployed in cities. C．A majority of teachers will be replaced by robots. D．The types of jobs with high physical proximity will be transformed. 94．What is McKinsey’s attitude towards automation and AI? A．Worried. B．Hopeful. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. Passage 20 （2024·天津滨海新·三模）Every spring, in regions at high altitudes around the world, one of Earth’s tiniest migrations takes place. The migrants are single-celled green algae (海藻); they are relatives to plants growing in the sea, but instead of living in the sea they live in snow. They spend the winter deep in the snow. In the spring, they wake and swim up through flowing streams of melted snow to the surface, dividing and photosynthesizing (进行光合作用) as they go. Then, at the top, they turn red. This creates what scientists call pink snow. The color comes from astaxanthin (虾青素), a substance that gives some living things their reddish color. The algae produce astaxanthin as a form of sun protection; it absorbs UV light, thereby warming the organisms and thus melting the surrounding snow. “The melting helps them a lot,” said Roman Dial, a biologist at Alaska Pacific University. “The moment there is liquid water on the snow, the algae start growing.” Pink snow is a perfectly natural phenomenon, but in an age of disappearing glaciers (冰川), it is also problematic. Last year, scientists discovered that the algae turned the snow surface dark, reducing the amount of sunlight reflected by some glaciers in Scandinavia—and increasing the amount of sunlight absorbed—by 30%. The result, as Dial and his colleagues demonstrated in this month’s issue of Nature Geoscience, is faster melting. As in other parts of the warming planet—particularly the Arctic, where scientists fear that melting permafrost (永冻土层) may lead to further climatic changes. Ice sheets are already being darkened by dust and ash, which makes the process of melting faster and provides nutrients for algae growth. As the organisms multiply, they melt even more snow, which allows them to increase in their population again. “It spreads more rapidly than people realize, once it gets established,” Dial said. Snow algae need snow; when that’s gone, which seems to be the direction of things, the snow algae will go, too. Before the snow algae disappear, though, and while there’s still some glacier left, it’s entirely possible that the last snow we’ll see on Earth will be pink or even red, a wound on Earth. 95．What causes the color of pink snow? A．The migration that involves the algae and other plants. B．The flowing streams that the algae travel through. C．The algae that turn red at the snow’s surface. D．The sunlight that directly reflects on the algae. 96．How does astaxanthin benefit the algae according to Paragraph 2? A．It absorbs UV light to cool down the algae. B．It prevents the algae from photosynthesizing. C．It colors the algae for the purpose of decoration. D．It helps protect the algae from the sun. 97．What is the problem associated with pink snow mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．It increases the reflection of sunlight. B．It speeds up the melting of glaciers. C．It leads to a decrease in algae populations. D．It reduces the amount of liquid water available. 98．According to the passage, what concern do scientists have regarding the Arctic region? A．The rapid melting of glaciers may lead to an increase in permafrost. B．The darkening of ice sheets may slow down the process of melting. C．The warming climate may result in the extinction of algae in the region. D．Darkening ice sheets and multiplied algae may worsen climate change. 99．What is the author’s attitude towards pink snow in the passage? A．Concerned. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Optimistic. Passage 1 （2023·天津·高考真题）Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character. Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail. And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination. Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures. And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world. This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them. 1．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”? A．A child's imaginary world. B．Voices of Mom or Dad. C．An ancient art form. D．Factual stories. 2．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author? A．Form and style. B．Facts and figures. C．Emotional and physical details. D．A series of events and characters. 3．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning? A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge. B．It is more widely available to young learners. C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions. D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting. 4．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us? A．By offering us more opportunities to know people. B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world. C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it. D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination. 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The History of Storytelling B．The Power of Storytelling C．The Forms of Storytelling D．The Art of Storytelling Passage 2 （2023·天津·高考真题）Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be. The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food. One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter would hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter would again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it before they could pass it through. The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently. Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the dogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario. However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives. Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research. 6．What is one of the new research findings according to Paragraph 2? A．Dogs also have “theory of mind”. B．Dogs prefer food from generous people. C．Human behaviours are mostly intentional. D．Friendly animals can get food more easily. 7．What did the experimenter do in the “unwilling” scenario in the 2023 study? A．They acted awkwardly while feeding the dog. B．They pretended to walk slowly away from the dog. C．They teased the dog by fixing the treat to the screen. D．They pulled the sausage beyond the dog’s reach. 8．How did the dogs of the 2023 study respond to the “unable” behaviour? A．By moving closer to the experimenter. B．By keeping wandering around. C．By ignoring the experimenter. D．By lying still on the floor 9．How does the experiment design of the 2021 study differ from that of 2023? A．The dogs can watch the experimenter. B．The dogs can go to the other side of the screen. C．The dogs’ responses are under close observation. D．The dogs’ habitual behaviours are under analysis. 10．What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest? A．Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean” B．Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving. C．Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified. D．Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals. Passage 3 （2023·天津·高考真题）Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep. And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future. Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeper understanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect — coming from “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life. In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others, they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before correcting the mistake. Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion. Yet the exact opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who simply copied out the correct definitions. The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger. The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are painting, meanwhile, you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what you produce. At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way, your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery. 11．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________. A．a routine warning B．a popular misbelief C．a commonly-held view D．a theoretical assumption 12．What can be learnt about the experiment? A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning. B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning. C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning. D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects. 13．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______. A．disappointing performances B．greater creative power C．the discovery of problems D．the admission of weaknesses 14．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do? A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking. B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist. C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations. D．Try unconventional coloring in painting. 15．What could be the best title for the passage? A．The Challenge of Derring B．Erring Prevents Failure C．To Err is Fruitful D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional Passage 4 （2023·天津·高考真题）I love making art and looking at artworks. I’ve found myself wondering how we gain pleasure from art. And now neuroaesthetics, a combination of neuroscience (神经科学) and aesthetics (美学), may provide an answer. Neuroaesthetics is a relatively young field of research on what happens in the brain when we make aesthetic assessments. Researchers use brain imaging technique to see which brain areas light up when we view paintings that we consider beautiful. Similar research has been done to understand the “neuronal fireworks” that occur when we look at inspiring sculptures, attractive faces, impressive dance, etc. But why do we find some art beautiful and other art ugly? According to research, it all comes down to the “aesthetic triad (三元组合)”. The first part of the triad is sensory-motor. This involves perceiving things like colours, shapes and movements. Movement in art has an interesting role. If you see a painting of a movement, like of a man pulling his arm away after being bitten by a dog, you feel like going through a similar experience. The part of your brain that controls your own movements lights up in response. Second is emotion-valuation. This is how a piece of art makes you feel, and whether or not you appreciate or enjoy that feeling. The part of the brain related to pleasure is activated in response to something we find beautiful. This system can be affected in fascinating ways, as found by research using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) (经颅磁刺激). If TMS is applied to a specific part of your brain behind your forehead that is particularly important for decision-making, you suddenly like different kinds of art. Such stimulation produces significant changes in aesthetic appreciation of faces, bodies and artworks. The third part is meaning-knowledge. This is to do with how we can connect with a piece of art and what meaning we can create in it. Art is deeply personal, because when two people see the same artwork, our perception can create vastly different experiences of meaning. If we find meaning, then we often find pleasure. We also get enjoyment from the knowledge of how something was made. For the images that an artist creates, viewers will probably get far more enjoyment once they know the process used to create them. Informed by neuroaesthetics, the next time I create my art I will value the process even more, enjoying the activation of the aesthetic triad in my brain as I admire the vivid images that I have created. 16．What does “neuronal fireworks” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A beautiful painting or sculpture. B．The lighting-up of specific brain areas. C．An advanced brain imaging technology. D．The aesthetic assessment of modern art. 17．What effect does movement in art produce on the viewers? A．Certain part of their brain is activated. B．Their experience of pain is reduced. C．Their aesthetic sense is sharpened. D．Their body reactions are delayed. 18．The application of TMS to the brain described in Paragraph 5 leads to__________. A．raised memory capacity B．enhanced painting skills C．changed artistic taste D．improved decision-making ability 19．According to the author, what increases our enjoyment of a piece of art? A．Knowing how it is created. B．Having a pleasant personality. C．Learning how science develops. D．Understanding the meaning of life. 20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To propose an abstract theory of art making. B．To reveal the beauty of science in an artistic way. C．To share some personal understanding of artworks. D．To introduce a new research field for art appreciation. Passage 5 （2022·天津·高考真题）Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day,a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 21．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________. A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 22．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from? A．Their personal looks. B．Their mental needs. C．Their inner emotions. D．Their physical feelings. 23．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________. A．environment impacts how we judge others B．how body temperature is related to health C．the mind and the body influence each other D．how humans interact with their surroundings 24．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5? A．Human speech is alive with metaphors. B．Human senses have effects on thinking. C．Human language is shaped by visual images. D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials. 25．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC． Passage 6 （2021·天津·高考真题）Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be "the easy subject" at school, insignificant to wider society, a waste of time and effort? Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don't just want material things anymore, they want to experience life一the arts are a perfect crossover（交迭）between culture and commerce. Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's experience. The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people's wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure. Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life. Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human. 26．Art products differ from most other commercial products because . A．most people purchase them for collection B．they are more expensive and less accessible C．they have both commercial and cultural values D．their prices may climb up as time passes 27．By sharing their arts experiences, community members can . A．keep the community safe from illnesses B．develop a stronger tie between them C．learn to appreciate their own works of art D．offer honourable solutions to their problems 28．What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities? A．They enjoy better living conditions. B．They like to compare themselves with others. C．They are particularly good at both music and art. D．They tend to be healthier physically and mentally. 29．How does kids' engagement with the arts benefit them? A．It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth. B．It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills. C．It inspires their creativity in designing their future career. D．It helps to make responsible people out of them. 30．What is the best title for this passage? A．How Art Cures Our Hearts B．Art: A Blessing to Humankind C．How Art Benefits Communities D．Art: A Bridge Between Cultures Passage 7 （2021·天津·高考真题）In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence （AI） has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we're actually getting closer to a world where Al is capable of thinking and feeling? Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to a human, but not quite. What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work out a response. Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions "felt" and "expressed" by its "digital people". Shiwali Mohan, an Al scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. "They're humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算 法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans." She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react. Yet the demand is there, with Unee$$