Unit 1重点短语和知识 广东省深圳广州2024-2025学年沪教牛津版（广州沈阳通用）八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 一.use的用法 (1) useful意为“有用的;有益的;有帮助的”，用作形容词。 如：He gave us some useful advice. 拓展 (1)-ful为形容词后缀，它的反义词通常为-less 如：useful--useless     careful--careless    helpful--helpless (2)be used to do被用作，如：Radio was used to learn English in the past. 在过去收音机用来学习英语。 be used to doing习惯于，如：I'm used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 used to do过去常常，如：We used to live in London. 我们过去住在伦敦。 l.-I haven’t seen you for a long time, Maria. You look different now. -Yes,I used___short hair. A.to have B.to having C.for having 2.-What do you usually have for breakfast? -I used to ____dumplings,but these days I'm used to____bread and milk. A.eat;have B.eating;having C.eating;have D.eat;having 二.look up的用法 (1)查阅，代词要放在副词短语的中间，名词可以放在中间或后面 如：They are looking them up on the Internet.他们正在网络上查询它们。 Please look up the train times for me.请为我查一下火车时刻表。 (2)向上看 如：He looked up from his book as I came into the room.我进入房间时,他从书本上抬起头来看了看。 拓展 Look at看，look into 调查，look for寻找，look out 小心，look out of...往外看，look through浏览 1.---English is very important in our daily life. Never__________. A.give up it             B. give it up  C. give away it        D. give it away 2.Your mother stayed up late last night. Don’t _______. A.wake her up B. wake up her 三.表人的后缀 (1)-er, 如：teacher, painter (2)-or, 如：inventor, visitor (3)-ist, 如：scientist, pianist (4)-ian, 如：musician, magician 拓展 (1) cook厨师---cooker厨具 (2) Invent (发明，动词)，inventor(发明者，名词)，invention(发明物) 1.How many of you ever dreamed of becoming an______________(invent)? 2.He has a lot of __________________(invent). 四.be born的用法 (1)接地点名词时用介词in或at, 如：I was born in Shanghai.我出生在上海。 (2)接时间名词时用介词on或in(具体到某一天用on;表示出生于某年/某月用in)。 如：Her sister was born on 27 August,1998.她妹妹出生于1998年8月27日。 拓展 (1)be born with 天生具有 如：Everyone is born with the ability to learn.每个人生来就有学习的能力。 (2)be born 一般用于过去时态 (3)born的原形是bear, 过去分词又两个一个是born（出生），另一个是borne（生育）。 如：I was born in 1993. 我生于1993年。 She has borne two children. 她生了两个孩子。 (4)born可做形容词，译为“天生的” 如：He was a born writer. 他天生是个作家。 翻译：1.他出生在一个工人家庭。 2.她是 1998年在上海出生的。 五.ability的用法 (1)ability译为“能力”，用作名词，通常用于短语the ability to do sth.做某事的能力 如：He has the ability to read. 他有阅读的能力。 拓展 (1)be able to可以；可能(able为形容词, 反义词为unable) 如：She was able to play the piano well.她能弹钢琴弹得很好。 (2)disable使丧失能力（动词），disabled有残疾的;丧失能力的;无能力的（形容词） 如：This injury could disable somebody for life.这种伤害可能会使人终身残疾。 He was a disabled man.他是一个残疾人。 翻译：1.他有能力建自己的房子。 2.他无法控制自己的情感。 3.我们应该帮助残疾人。 六.as的用法 (1)正如，像，按照 如：They got united as one man．他们团结得像一个人一样。 (2)充当，作为 如：As a writer, he was famous．作为作家，他是很有名的。 (3)一边...一边..., 当...的时候 如：He shouted aloud as her ran along．他一边往前跑，一边高声地呼喊。 (4)由于，因为 如：I must stop writing now，as I have lots of work to do． 我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。 (5)虽然，尽管 如：Strange as it may seem，it is true．尽管这事看上去很奇怪，但却是真的。 (6)随着 如：As he grew older, he got interested in everything.随着他长大，他对一切事物都感兴趣。 拓展 常见短语 (1)the same as与...一样，be similar to与...相似，be different from与...不同 (2)as...as与...一样，中间接形容词或者副词原级，bot so/as...as不如 (3)such as例如，such...as像...一样的 (4)as time goes by 随着时间的流逝 (5)as we all know正如我们都知道的 翻译：1.他跑得跟皮特一样快。 2.他穿的像个老师。 3.请按照我告诉你的去做。 七.famous的用法 (1)famous有名的，常用于短语：be famous for 由于...(事物)而出名, be famous as 作为...(事物)而出名 如：Edison was famous as an inventor.爱迪生作为一个发明家而出名。 Hangzhou is famous for silk.杭州因丝绸而出名。 八.for example的用法 例如 for example 接句子，用逗号隔开 He, for example, is a good student.例如，他是个好学生。 such as 接短语，若接动词， 接动词的ing I like fruits very much, such as apples.我非常喜欢水果，例如苹果。 like Many animals, like cats, sheep or cows, live on the farm. 很多动物，像是猫咪、羊群及牛群，都住在农场里。 1. There are many kinds of pollution（污染）,________,noise is a kind of pollution.     A. like                        B. such as                    C. for example 2. There are many kinds of pollution（污染）,______________noise pollution.(such as/for example) 九.include的用法 include 包括，包含 动词 The list include many new names. 这张名单上包含许多新名字。 including 包括...在内 介词 There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 教室里有包括我有40个学生。 included 包括……在内 形容词；介词 There are 40 students in the classroom, me included 教室里有包括我有40个学生。 1.This plan ______________ most of your suggestions. A.includes B.including C.include 2.She has many hobbies, ______________ gardening and wine making. A.includes B.including C.include D.included 3.This is the whole bill, the service included. A.includes B.including C.include D.included 十.interesting的用法 interest 动词；名词 (具体、多种爱好-可数 名胜-不可数) He has wide interests. 他有广泛的兴趣。 He has been to many places of interest. 他去过许多名胜。 He tried to interest me in football. 他设法使我对足球感兴趣。 interesting 形容词（通常修饰物） The idea sounds interesting. 这个想法听起来很有趣。 interested 形容词（通常修饰人） I’m interested to hear your opinion. 我想听听你的意见。 拓展 常见短语：be interested in对...感兴趣 1.Volleyball is very ___________________ (interest)to watch. 2.Children are ___________________ (interest) in ___________________ (interest) stories. 3.I’m ___________________ (interest) in when he did it. 4.His joke didn’t ___________________ (interest) me. 5.He has wide ___________________ (interest). 十一.million的用法 (1)hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿)与具体数字连用的时候不加s， 如：three hundred (2)hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿)与of连用的时候加s， 如：Millions of people help them in different ways.数百万人以不同的方式帮助他们。 巧记 hundred, thousand, million和billion等词的用法：模糊数字两有(有s,有of)，具体数字两无(无s,无of)。 1. Nowadays, ______________ farmers leave their hometown to search for work in the cities. A.million of B.two millions C.millions of D.two millions of 2. About two ____________ people were in trouble because of the earthquake. A.million of B.millions C.million D.millions of 十二.some的用法 “其他”各不同 one...the other 一个……另一个 I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is an engineer. 我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是工程师。 another （三者或三者以上）的“另一个” I have many dresses. One is indigo, another is silver. 我有很多裙子。一件是靛蓝色，另一件是银色的。 some...others 一些……，另一些（并非全部）…… Look！Some are taking photos, others are swimming in the sea.看！一些人在照相，还有些人在海里游泳。 some...the others 一些……，另一些（剩下的全部）…… There are twenty pencils. Five are mine, the others are yours.有20支铅笔。有5支是我的，其余的都是你的。 each other 互相，彼此 We should learn from each other.我们应该互相学习。 十三.however的用法 however 副词：然而 通常位于句首，用逗号隔开 He was ill. However, he still went to work. 他病了，然而他依旧去上班。 but 连词：但是 但是，位于分句的句首 This book is expensive, but it's useful. 这本书很贵,但是它很有用。 十四.die out的用法 (1)灭绝；消失，不及物动词短语,后不接宾语,不能用于被动语态。 如：Why did the dinosaurs die out?恐龙为什么灭绝了? If people don't stop cutting down forests, more animals will die out. 如果人们不停止砍伐森林,更多的动物将会灭绝。 拓展 与 die 相关的常见短语: die of/from 死于…… die for为……献出生命 die away 慢慢减弱,渐渐消失 die off 相继死去 die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐平息 十五.nobody的用法 (1)复合不定代词是由some-/any-/no-/every-加上-one/-body/-thing/-where/-time所组成的不定代词 如：something, everyone等 (2)复合不定代词作主语，用作单数 如：Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 (3)复合不定代词与形容词连用，形容词后置 如：I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 拓展 (1)some通常用于肯定，any通常用于否定和疑问 如：I have some apples.我有一些苹果。 Do you have any apples?你有苹果吗？ (2)希望得到对方肯定对付，用some 如：Would you like some coffee？ 你想要点儿咖啡吗？ (3)肯定句中，表“任何”，起强调作用，用any 如：Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 1.Everybody has ______ about them. Sometimes they just do not know what it is. A. nothing great B. great anything C. something great D. great something 2.Nothing ______ me more pleasure than cooking delicious food. A.gives B. give C. giving D. to give 十六.at the end of的用法 at the end of 在.....末尾; 在..尽头 其后接名词,表示时间或地点 at the end of last term在上学期末 at the end of the street在街道的尽头 by the end of 到……末为止 其后接名词，表示时间,可用于将来时或完成时 We're going to finish the task by the end of this week. 到本周末,我们将完成这项任务。 in the end 最后；终于 相当于at last, finally,在句中作状语,可单独使用 Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后我们队战胜了他们队。 用 at the end of, by the end of, in the end 填空。 1. ____________________, he decided to go abroad for further study. 2.We will have an exam ______________________ the month. 3.How many English words had you learned ____________________ last term? 十七.help的用法 (1)help sb.帮助某人 如：Your advice helped me a lot.你的意见对我大有帮助。 (2)help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 如：I can help to clean the playground.我可以帮助打扫操场。 (3)help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事 如：I help my mother with the housework everyday.我每天帮妈妈做家务。 (4)with the help of sb=with one’s help在…的帮助下(反义词：without the help of sb.) 如：With your help，I learned to use the computer. With the help of you, I learned to use the computer.在女孩的帮助下，我完成了这项工作。 (5)can't help doing  情不自禁做某事，忍不住… 如：She couldn’t help smiling。她禁不住笑了起来。 (6)can't help to do sth  无法帮助做某事 如：He couldn’t help to wash the clothes。他不能帮忙洗衣服。 (7)help oneself to sth  随便吃或喝 如：Make yourself at home, and help yourself to anything you like. 请不要拘束，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。  1.I helped my mother _______  clothes yesterday. A. washes   B. wash   C. washed 2.The young man _______ (help)_______  (we) _______ (buy) some stamps last week. 3.Help ______________ (your) to the fish, kids. 4.I can’t help ______________ (do) housework because I have to do my homework. 5.When I heard the news, I can't help ______________(cry). 6.______________ the help of my friend, l won't be able to do the job well. 7. I finish the work ______________ the help of the girl. 十八.become的用法 (1)become为系动词，后接形容词。常见的系动词： ①be动词，如：I am happy.我很开心。 ②感官动词，如：It smells good.它闻起来不错。 ③变化类动词go, become, turn等，如：Leaves turn green in spring.叶子春天变绿。 ④保持类动词keep, stay，如：Please keep quiet.请保持安静。 1.He looked ______________ (tire). 2.The idea sounds ______________ (well). 十九.remember的用法 remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事（还没做） Remember to send him an e-mail.记得给他发一封电子邮件。 remember doing sth. 记得做了某事（做了） I remember sending him an e-mail.我记得给他发过一封电子邮件。 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事（还没做） Don’t forget to turn off the light.不要忘记关灯。 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事（做了） I forget doing homework this morning.我忘记今天早上做过作业了。 1.Remember _________________ (post) the letter.记住把这封信寄了。 2.I remember _________________ (post) the letter.我记得寄了那封信。 3.He forgot _________________ (pay) me the money.他忘记要给我付钱了。 4.He forgot _________________ (pay) me the money.他忘记曾给我付过钱。 二十.there be的用法 (1)there/here be句型遵循“就近原则”，即be动词要跟后面离它最近的主语保持一致 如：there is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果两个香蕉。 拓展：遵循就近原则的词还有 either...or...(要么...要么...)，neither...nor...(既不...也不...)，not only...but also...(不仅...而且...)，not...but...(不是...而是) 1.Neither he nor I _______________(do) the thing. 2.Either you or Tom ____________(be) supposed to stay at home. 3.Not my sister but they ______________(make) the mistake. 4.Not only the students but also their teacher _____________(object) to the change. 5.Not only the teacher but also his students _____________(object) to the change. 二十一.make的用法 (1)make为使役动词，后接不带to的不定式（即原形）；若为被动，要将to还原 如：Nothing will make me change my mind. 什么也改变不了我的想法。 He was made to lie in bed all day. 他被迫每天躺在床上。 (2)be made of由...制成(看的出原材料)，如：Chairs are made of wood. 椅子是木头做的。 be made from由...制成(看不出原材料)，如：Paper is made from trees. 纸是由树木制成的。 (3)make + sb. + adj. 意为“使得某人…”，如：The news made him happy.  这个消息让他很开心。 1.What he said made me ____________(feel) better. 2.He made me ____________(wait) two hours. 3.I was made ____________ (wait) two hours. 4.The decision made her very ____________ (popular) with the staff. 二十二.sheep的用法 (1)sheep为单复同行的词 如：Sheep are raised to produce wool.人们养羊是为了产羊毛。 Let's try to describe a sheep.让我们试着去描述一只绵羊。 拓展 常见的单复同行的词： sheep绵羊，deer鹿，fish 鱼，people人，police警察，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人 二十三.a number of的用法 (1)a number of一些，后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数 如：A number of students are going to have a picnic.一些学生将去野餐。 (2)the number of...的数量，作主语时用作单数 如：The number of the students in our class is 30.我们班的学生数量是30. 1. There ________ a number of books in the school library and the number of them _______increasing. A. has; is B. have; are C.are; is D. is; are 2. _______ students are playing on the ground. A. The number of B. A number of C. A number 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$