层级一 应用文写作4大满分技巧（word教参）-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

满分技法一　必会应用文写作的4个套路 简单地说，应用文写作15分＝和文体相关的关键词＋切题得体，要点全＋两三个高级句式＋五六个靓词＋两三个衔接过渡＋逻辑清晰，书法工整。　, 套路一、要有关键词和套句 首段(1－2句)一定要有某类应用文的关键词，让阅卷老师一眼看出是什么应用文，比如，判断写作题目为建议信后，首段就要有suggest或suggestion表“建议”的关键词。如果是感谢信，首段中要出现appreciate，express my gratitude/appreciation/thanks等和“感谢”有关的表达。倡议书首段要有call on/appeal to sb to do等和“呼吁”有关的表达。 首尾合理用套句：应用文开篇和尾句常利用套句，比如感谢信和道歉信尾段会再次道谢或致歉。演讲稿首段要体现的套句为“It's my honor/a great honor for me to deliver a speech here.”。尾句一定要写“That's all, thank you.”。 套路二、要字字珠玑长短结合 不少于80词的应用文除去首尾用到的套句外，主体段落(5－6句)一定要字字珠玑，用对熟悉的短语和固定搭配，不确定的一律不用。 长短句结合不只是多运用从句、倒装句或强调句，而且应该长短结合，句式灵活多变。比如邀请信的第二段常会涉及介绍活动内容，非谓语动词结构的使用会比and并列句更为高级、更加出彩，如“It consists of various activities，ranging from...to...”。 套路三、要有衔接过渡词汇 在写作中，在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的过渡词汇或过渡句，使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑，这样就符合五档作文评分标准。 套路四、要符合语言风格 应用文一定要用语得体，即使是报道、短文或日记类等要求写感受的，也应中规中矩，不能将读后续写中描写情感的表达用在应用文之中。 满分技法二　巧用4类亮眼高频词汇——打造吸引阅卷老师的靓点 大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。写作时恰当得体地使用学过的、别人可能想不到的高级词汇，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉，从而提高文章的得分档次。 策略1、具体化词汇优先(多用具体生动的表达代替模糊宽泛的表达) very extremely极其；especially尤其；particularly特别；尤其；awfully非常；greatly非常；大大地；highly非常；badly非常；terribly非常；more than非常 ①I'd greatly appreciate it if you could take my proposals into account.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) 如果您能考虑我的建议我将不胜感激。 happy delighted快乐的；cheerful快乐的；joyful快乐的；pleased高兴的；enjoyable令人愉悦的 ②He is delighted to share his love of birds with children. 他喜欢与孩子们分享他对鸟类的热爱。 important vital至关重要的；significant意义重大的；essential必不可少的；key关键的；fundamental根本的；primary首要的；crucial至关重要的；be of great importance/significance至关重要 ③Undoubtedly，I believe your arrival will be of great significance to our show.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) 毋庸置疑，我相信你的到来将对我们的演出有重大意义。 beautiful attractive有吸引力的；appealing有吸引力的；elegant优美的；charming迷人的 ④Aiming to make our school more attractive and create a better environment，the Students' Union organized the activity，which took place last Saturday afternoon.(2024·抚顺市高三模拟) 为了让我们的学校更有吸引力，创造一个更好的环境，学生会组织了这次活动，活动于上周六下午举行。 difficult/hard tough艰难的；棘手的；challenging具有挑战性的；complex复杂的；难以理解的；puzzling/confusing令人困惑的；complicated复杂的；tricky难对付的 ⑤Though challenging/tough the task seems，we can do our part to protect the ocean against further pollution.(2022·全国甲卷满分作文) 尽管任务看起来很艰巨，但我们可以尽自己的一份力量来保护海洋免受进一步的污染。 like/enjoy/love cherish/treasure珍视；珍爱；be keen on对……着迷；be crazy about热衷于；be fond of＝have a taste for＝have a passion for＝go in for喜爱；show great interest in对……很感兴趣 ⑥Knowing you are keen on traditional Chinese culture，I hold the firm belief that you can help me out.(2021·全国甲卷满分作文) 知道你热爱中国传统文化，我深信你能帮到我的。 　　策略2、高级词和短语优先(多用准确生动的高级词汇代替低级词汇) 1．book→reserve 预订 Early reply and we can reserve one room for our project. 尽快回复，我们可以为我们的项目预留一个房间。 2．should→be supposed to 应该；理应；try to do→make efforts to do 努力做 We are supposed to exercise our self－discipline and make efforts to learn English well with various methods. 我们应锻炼自制力，努力用各种方法学好英语。 3．finally→eventually/in the end 最后；get→gain/acquire 得到；many→various 许多；know→have a good knowledge of 知道 Eventually，all of us not only gained various fresh and tasty fruits，but also had a good knowledge of green food. 最后，我们不仅收获了各种新鲜可口的水果，还对绿色食品有了很好的了解。 4．understand→have a better understanding of 理解 It is through the exhibition that I had a better understanding of traditional Chinese painting. 通过这次展览，我更加了解了传统中国画。 5．a lot of→a number of/a wide range of 许多；about→ concerning/related to 关于 There are a wide range of free resources concerning/related to English on the Internet.(2021·全国乙卷满分作文) 网上有许多与英语相关的免费资源。 满分技法三　必背20个应用文满分好句——让写作高人一筹 第1组非谓语动词短语开篇“写信背景＋写信目的” 句式1　Learning/Knowing/Delighted to learn (或know) that...，I'm writing to＋(invite，recommend...) 得知/很高兴得知……我写信…… [微解]　该句式中，I'm writing to 可根据实际情况替换为I'd like to 或I can hardly wait to... 佳句　Learning that you have a passion for table tennis，I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school. 得知你喜欢乒乓球，我写信诚挚地邀请你加入我们的校乒乓球队。 运用　Learning that you are interested in the Chinese Culture Study Tour，I'm more than delighted to introduce some relevant information. 得知你对中国文化游学感兴趣，我很高兴向你介绍一些相关信息。 第2组、用非限制性定语从句或同位语解释重点内容 句式2　名词，who/which/where...或同位语 [微解]　同位语可以是名词短语或同位语从句 佳句　①I recommend you learn Tang Poetry，which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by the Chinese． 我建议你学唐诗，唐诗反映了中国的传统文化，并深受中国人的喜爱。 ②I am Li Hua，a member of the school team，eager for your help. 我是李华，是校队的一员，渴望得到你的帮助。 运用　① He expressed his sincere appreciation to all the people who had helped him and his family． 他对所有帮助过他和他的家人的人表示真诚的感谢。 ②I'm Li Hua，chairman of the Students' Union．I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest. 我是李华，学生会主席。我写信是想邀请你做我们英语演讲比赛的评委。 第3组带主题、带特色的活动的表达 句式3　名词＋themed/with the theme of...＋谓语(take place/be held/be scheduled等) [微解]　在该组句式中，谓语通常是表“举行”的动词或短语 佳句　Aware of your enthusiasm for the class event themed “Healthy Eyes, Healthy Life”，I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information. 意识到你对以“健康眼睛，健康生活”为主题的课堂活动的热情，我写信告诉你一些相关信息。 运用　I feel privileged to give you a brief introduction to the activity themed “Showing Respect for Our Parents” held in our school． 我很荣幸地向大家简短地介绍一下我们学校举办的“尊重父母”的主题活动。 句式4　名词＋featuring/focusing on...＋谓语(will take place/be held/organized/launched等) 佳句　An art exhibition，featuring Chinese paper－cutting，will take place in the gallery hall. 一场以中国剪纸为特色的艺术展览将在画廊大厅举行。 运用　An online interview program mainly focusing on the lives of middle school students will be held in our school next week. 下周，我们学校将举办一场以关注中学生生活为主要内容的在线访谈节目。 第4组介词短语/分词短语/非限制性定语从句介绍目的 句式5　With the aim/intention/purpose of doing...，SVO... [微解]　介词短语表达目的最直接简要 佳句　 With the aim of making people live a greener life，a voluntary activity called “Building a Green World” was organized by our school. 为了人们过上更环保的生活，我们学校组织了一个名为“建设绿色世界”的志愿活动。 运用　 Last week，our school organized a handcraft making activity，with the aim/purpose of promoting recycling and environmental protection． 上周，我们学校组织了一次手工制作活动，目的是促进循环利用和环境保护。 句式6　Aimed at doing/Intended to do.../Aiming to do，SVO或SVO＋aimed at doing/intended to do.../aiming to do [微解]　该句式中，分词短语分别作状语和定语 佳句　 Aiming to enrich us students' after－class activities and arouse our affection for our school，we will hold the contest with the theme of “Life on Campus” in the school lecture hall at 2 p．m.next Saturday. 为了丰富我们学生的课外活动，唤起我们对学校的热爱，以“校园生活”为主题的比赛将于下周六下午两点在学校报告厅举行。 运用　Aimed at promoting paren－child relationship and encouraging independence in students，an activity with the theme of “Sharing Housework in the Family” was held by the Student Union. 为促进亲子关系，鼓励学生独立，学生会举办了一个主题为“分担家务”的活动。 句式7　SVO，the purpose/aim/goal of which＋be＋to do 或 SVO，which is intended to do.../is aimed at doing... [微解]　该句式也可用whose purpose/aim/goal＋be＋to do 佳句　The aim of the project is to donate books to a primary school in a small village.Meanwhile，it's also intended to protect the environment by recycling old books. 这个项目的目的是向一个小村庄的小学捐赠书籍。同时，它还旨在通过回收旧书来保护环境。 运用　I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school，the aim of which is to/which is intended to beautify our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection. 我参加了学校组织的志愿者活动，目的是美化我们的城市，提高人们的环保意识。 第5组用于举例/列举内容的非谓语动词结构 句式8　SVO，ranging from...to.../consisting of...and/as well as... [微解]　用于介绍内容时，也可用介词短语such as 佳句　Problems have arisen in our campus, ranging from huge amounts of food waste to excessive use of water. 我们的校园出现很多问题，从大量的食物浪费到过度用水都有。 运用　In addition，all kinds of English activities will be held regularly，such as English Speech Competition，English Debate Contest and so on． (2024·山东省枣庄市高三二模) 此外，还会定期举办各种英语活动，如英语演讲比赛、英语辩论赛等。 第6组用非谓语动词或复合句说明行为的原因或结果 句式9　SVO，making it easy/possible/convenient to do... [微解]　该句式中，it为形式宾语，making...为动词－ing短语作结果状语 佳句　You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, making it easy for you to go through the class． 上课之前，你最好准备充分并且对唐朝历史有一个简单的了解，这会让你上起课来更容易。 运用　The Internet has extended to the small village，making it convenient for people to do online shopping now． 互联网已普及到小乡村，现在人们网上购物很方便。 句式10　SVO，enabling/allowing/causing等动词－ing形式/only to do... [微解]　动词－ing形式表示自然而然的结果，only to do...表示出乎意料的结果 佳句Your instruction and encouragement brought out the enormous potential in me, enabling me to make remarkable progress. 您的教导和鼓励激发了我巨大的潜能，使我取得了显著的进步。 运用　I have developed a positive attitude，allowing me to look at things positively no matter what happens. 我培养了一种积极的态度，无论发生什么，我都能积极地看待一切。 句式11　SVO＋so that/in order that 结果状语从句…… 佳句We'd be grateful if you could give us some comments and guidance after the game so that we can sharpen our skills further. 如能赛后你能给我们一些点评和建议，以便我们进一步提高技能，我们将不胜感激。 运用　You need to be physically active so that you can keep fit and healthy and，more importantly，more energetic.(2024·辽宁省普通高中二模) 你需要积极锻炼身体，这样你才能保持健康，更重要的是，更有活力。 句式12　主语＋谓语＋so＋adj./adv.＋that... [微解]　该句式倒装形式为　so＋adj./adv.＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋that... 佳句All the cultures are so fascinating that I wonder which is the most attractive to foreign friends. 所有这些文化都很吸引人，我想知道哪一个对外国朋友最有吸引力。 运用　So breathtaking was the scenery that we all stopped to admire for a long time.(倒装) 景色非常引人入胜，我们都驻足欣赏了很久。 第7组not only...but also...等并列结构最简单好用 句式13　SVO and/but SVO [微解]　该结构中，and/but连接的可以是词与词或句与句 佳句I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 我也想知道这门课我要付多少钱，是否包括住宿费。 运用At first，it was challenging to do so，but I started by setting small goals and gradually increased my reading time．(2024·石家庄市部分名校一调) 起初，这样做很有挑战性，但我从设定小目标开始，逐渐增加了阅读时间。 句式14　主语＋not only＋谓语，but also...或Not only＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋剩下的谓语部分＋but also... [微解]　应用文中用not only...but also 说明对事件或活动等的评价 佳句　Reading literary books not only helps to improve my writing skills and expand my mind but it can also enrich my life. 阅读文学书籍不仅有助于提高我的写作技能、开阔我的视野还能丰富我的生活。 运用　The contest turns out to be a big hit.Not only does it provide a platform for students to showcase their talent but it also further stimulates their eagerness to get involved in the coming competition. 这次比赛结果大受欢迎。它不仅为学生提供了一个展示才华的平台，而且进一步激发了他们参与即将到来的比赛的热情。 第8组by或through说明行为方式 句式15　SVO by doing sth/through sth [微解]　by doing sth 或through＋n．，表方式 佳句　We may encounter other like－minded people through running，making us more sociable. 通过跑步，我们可能会遇到其他志同道合的人，使我们更善于交际。 运用　Firstly，everyone will have the chance to show their understanding of the book by participating in the free discussions．(2024·福建省4月联合测评) 首先，每个人都有机会通过参加自由讨论来展示他们对这本书的理解。 句式16　Only by doing.../through＋n．＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋剩下的谓语部分 佳句　Only by making use of recyclable garbage will we be able to save resources. 只有利用可回收垃圾，我们才能节约资源。 运用　It is my firm belief that only through joint efforts can we have a better tomorrow．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) 我坚信，只有大家共同努力，我们才能拥有更美好的明天。 感谢信或祝贺信中必用的虚拟语气和强调句 句式17　But for/Without/Had it not been for＋名词，主语＋would/could not have done...没有……，……就不会…… [微解]　该句式可升级为　SVO，without which sb/sth could/would not have done... 佳句　I'd like to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your selfless assistance during the past years. But for/Without you，I would not have been admitted to my university. 对您多年来的无私帮助，我表示衷心的感谢。如果不是您，我不会被我的大学录取。 运用　You taught me with great patience and practical methods，without which my English would not have improved so much． 您用极大的耐心和实用的方法教我，没有您的耐心和方法，我的英语不可能有这么大的进步。 句式18　It is/was...that/who... [微解]　强调人可以用who，强调其他都用that 佳句　It was her perseverance and selfless devotion that strengthened my resolve. 是她的坚韧不拔和无私奉献坚定了我的决心。 运用　It is the language and culture courses that make the university famous. 是语言和文化课程使这所大学出名。 第10组灵活好用的引入观点的从句 句式19　There is no doubt that.../There is no denying that.../No wonder that... 毫无疑问……/不可否认……/难怪…… [微解]　There is no doubt that句式可以转换为Undoubtedly，SVO. 佳句　 There is no doubt that being a qualified doctor is far from easy./ Undoubtedly，being a qualified doctor is far from easy. 毫无疑问，成为一名合格的医生远非易事。 运用　There is no denying that we will make a difference to the marine environment with joint efforts. (2022·全国甲卷书面表达) 不可否认，我们将共同努力，对海洋环境作出巨大贡献。 句式20　As is known/As sb put it，SVO.众所周知/正如某人所说，…… 佳句　Just as an old saying goes，“He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” 正如一句老话所说：“不到长城非好汉。” 运用　 As is known to us，trees are very important not only to the environment but also to human beings.(2024·黑龙江省大庆市二模) 众所周知，树木不仅对环境很重要，而且对人类也很重要。 满分技法四　10类衔接过渡，铸就璀璨华章——让阅卷老师赞叹 缺乏衔接过渡词汇的文章，就好比一串断了线的珍珠，每个词句虽光彩夺目，拿出来却七零八落，不堪受用。要想成就美文，不仅需要高级词汇，还需“穿珠之线”，这个“线”就是衔接过渡词汇。 1．吸引眼球的段落起始过渡 过渡词汇 first of all，in the first place，to begin/start with，firstly，generally (speaking) 从句 as we know，as is known to us，as is shown in...；as is often the case，as a saying goes ①To begin with，sound effects，an important factor of a film，are actually often added after a scene has been shot. 首先，声音特效是一部电影的重要影响因素，它实际上是在拍完戏之后添加的。 ②Everyone can play an active part in the campaign. First of all，we can try to use public transportation, travel on foot or by bike. 每个人都可以积极参加这次运动。首先，我们可以尝试使用公共交通工具、步行或骑自行车旅行。 2．条理分明的时序用语 表“现在；最近” nowadays，now，at present，currently，recently 表“首先，第一” first，firstly，to begin/start with，in the first place，first of all 表“后来，不久，然后” after，afterwards，later on，after that，after a while，before long，shortly after，soon 表“在此期间，同时” meanwhile，meantime，in the meantime，at the same time，while 表“最后” finally，lastly，in the end，eventually，at last ①In the end，I sincerely hope that you can have a 10－minute question and answer session. 最后，我真诚地希望你能有10分钟的问答环节。 ②At this very moment，my parents came back and were quite surprised to see all the rooms tidy and floors shining. 就在这时，我的父母回来了，他们非常惊讶地看到所有房间都很整洁，地板闪闪发亮。 3．层次分明的空间顺序 on the opposite side，in front of，in the center of，in the distance，in the middle of，at the back of，on/to the left/right，close to，next to，nearby，beyond等 Down the middle of the valley runs a clear，fast stream in which one may fish.In the low land along the stream are the farmlands；beyond them is the grassland.Behind the tops of the first hills are the big mountains. 一条清澈湍急的溪流沿着山谷的中部流淌着，人们可以在溪中钓鱼。沿溪而下，低地处是农田；越过农田是草原。第一层丘陵后是一座座大山。 4．第二、三个要点前的递进 besides，moreover，furthermore，what's more，in addition，additionally，also，plus, apart from，as well as...，more importantly，last but not least，worse still，what's worse，to make matters worse等 ①More importantly，I am willing to help others，so I would like to be a volunteer in my spare time. 更重要的是，我愿意帮助他人，所以我想在业余时间当一名志愿者。 ②The car broke down when I was driving home from work，and what was worse，it was pouring with rain. 下班回家的路上我的汽车坏了，更糟糕的是，天还下着大雨。 5．峰回路转的转折表达法 连词/副词 however，but，yet，otherwise，instead，unfortunately 介词(短语) despite，in spite of，regardless of，rather than，instead of，on the other hand 让步状语从句 although，though，as，while，even if/though，no matter wh－/how... ①Do your work every day；otherwise，it will pile up.今日事今日毕，否则事情会堆积如山。 ②Although/Though they were tired，the breakfast did taste delicious.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文) 虽然他们很累，但是早餐确实美味极了。 6．过渡自然的比较和对比 on the contrary，compared with/to，in comparison with，in contrast (to)，instead，while，unlike，however，yet The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with New York's skyscrapers. 伦敦最高的建筑物与纽约的摩天大厦一比就相形见绌。 7．不人云亦云的因果过渡词 (1)让“因为”变得不简单 介词短语 as a result of，as a consequence of，due to，because of，owing to，on account of，thanks to 连词 since，for，as，now that，in that 借助从句 ①介词短语＋名词性从句：owing/due to the fact that...；that is because... ②定语从句(＋动词短语)：which results from/accounts for/makes for；the reason why... Due to the fact that some students lack self－discipline，they're more likely to play online games. 由于某些学生缺乏自律，他们更可能玩网络游戏。 (2)让“结果”不落俗套 衔接词汇 thus，therefore，consequently，as a result，as a consequence 非谓语 thus/therefore doing，end up doing，only/never to do 定语从句＋短语 which results in/leads to/contributes to或as a result/consequence of which等 I eagerly unpacked the package，only to find a broken book in it. 我急切地打开包裹，结果只在里面发现一本破书。 8．多样表达解释和举例 解释说明 in fact，in this case，as a matter of fact，actually，to put it differently 举例 for example，for instance，such as To put it differently，I will try my best to achieve my goal. 换言之，我会尽最大的努力实现我的目标。 9．用于表观点的过渡词 personally，in my opinion，in my view，from my point of view，as far as I'm concerned等 Personally，middle school students should not be allowed to take part－time jobs. 在我看来，不应该允许中学生做兼职工作。 10．锦上添花的总结用语 常用插入语 all in all，altogether，on the whole，in short/brief/general/conclusion，in a/one word，generally/briefly speaking，to conclude，to sum up，to put it simply等 三大从句和非谓语 利用三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)、非谓语动词等各种语法结构巧妙结尾 ①As is stated above，online learning has both advantages and disadvantages. 综上所述，网络学习优缺点都有。 ②Given your busy schedule，I'd appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. 如果您能在百忙之中接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$