课下主题式素养训练 (20) 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

A卷 (时间：50分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2024·衡水中学第四次素养测评) Weald & Downland Living Museum Fun fact Over 50 historic buildings from across the Weald and Downland area have been dismantled (拆除) and then reconstructed across a lovely 40－acre site in the South Downs national park.The collection of buildings represents almost a thousand years of rural life in southeast England：furnished just as they would have been in the past—complete with the homes，farms and public buildings.There's a sense of exploring a real village as you wander between them along green paths，stopping to climb the stairs of a 17th－century craftsman's (工匠) cottage to lie on the straw bed or sheltering from a shower in a smoky，14th－century hall. Getting there The Stagecoach 60 bus service from Chichester to Midhurst stops just five minutes away at Grooms Yard，Singleton.The nearest railway stations are Chichester (2 miles) and Haslemere (7 miles)．The museum is on Town Lane in Singleton，reached via the A286 from Chichester to Midhurst.Parking is free and there are disabled parking spaces opposite the museum shop. Value for money? Yes.It's not cheap but it's a special experience that easily fills a day.Plus，it's a valuable cause worth supporting.Adults ￡14，children 5－17 and students ￡6.50，under－4s free，family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children)． Opening hours Daily 10 a．m.－5 p．m. (last entry 4 p．m.)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Weald & Downland生活博物馆的相关信息。 1．What can visitors do in Weald & Downland Living Museum? A．Take a shower in the hall. B．Stay overnight at a cottage. C．Learn construction techniques. D．Explore rural life centuries ago. D　细节理解题。根据Fun fact部分中的“The collection of buildings represents...14th－century hall.”可知，游客在Weald & Downland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。 2．How much would a couple with their 5－year－old twin sons pay for admission? A．￡5. B．￡14.5. C．￡3. D．￡6. C　细节理解题。根据Value for money？部分中的“family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children)”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C。 3．What do we know about Weald & Downland Living Museum? A．It charges parking fees. B．It has varied opening hours. C．It is inconveniently located for bus riders. D．It offers the disabled thoughtful service. D　细节理解题。根据Getting there部分中的“Parking is free and there are disabled parking spaces opposite the museum shop.”可知，Weald & Downland生活博物馆有专门的残疾人停车位，为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。故选D。 B (2024·福建省漳州市质量检测) Mary had struggled to find the right words to convey her thoughts and feelings ever since she was a child.She was often told that she was “too quiet” or “too shy”，and as she grew older，she became increasingly self－conscious about her inability to articulate herself.It wasn't that she didn't have anything to say—far from it.Mary's mind was constantly racing with ideas and observations，but no matter how hard she tried，she just couldn't seem to get the words out. “Mary，I need to talk to you，” Mr.Thompson，the boss of Mary's new company，said one day，his voice serious.Mary's heart sank.“Don't worry，” Mr.Thompson said，noticing Mary's panic.“It's not that kind of conversation.I just wanted to talk to you about something that's been on my mind lately.” He paused for a moment，collecting his thoughts.“I've noticed that you've been struggling a bit lately.It seems like you're having a tough time communicating with customers.I hear that you're proficient at writing.So why not join our Advertising Department? Besides，I have another suggestion...” Mary kept nodding，unable to find the words to express her gratitude. Following Mr.Thompson's suggestion，Mary joined a writing competition.She had always been a talented writer，and she knew that she had the potential to create something truly special.So she set to work，pouring her heart and soul into her essay.The words started flowing，and Mary found herself writing with a newfound sense of clarity and purpose. The judges of the competition were amazed by Mary's essay，and they selected it as the winner.Mary was thrilled，and she was grateful to have finally found the right way to do a good job. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了玛丽在老板汤普森先生的建议下，通过写作来表达自己，并且找到了做好工作的正确方法。 4．What does the underlined word “articulate” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Teach. B．Express. C．Behave. D．Encourage. B　词义猜测题。根据上文“Mary had struggled to find the right words... or ‘too shy’”可知，随着年龄的增长，她越来越意识到自己无法表达自己。因此可推知articulate意为“表达”。 5．Why did Mr.Thompson have a talk with Mary? A．To point out her mistakes. B．To advise her to quit the job. C．To offer her some help. D．To comfort her struggles. C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可推知，Mr. Thompson和Mary进行谈话是为了给她提供帮助。 6．What was Mary's feeling when creating her essay? A．Confident. B．Determined. C．Inspired. D．Relaxed. A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“She had always been a talented writer...with a newfound sense of clarity and purpose.”可推知，玛丽在创作文章时感到很自信。 7．What can best describe Mary's experience? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．All things are easy that are done willingly. C．Loses on one side and gains on the other. D．Diligence can make up for lack of intelligence. C　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，玛丽不擅长用言语表达自己，却在写作方面很有天赋。因此C项“Loses on one side and gains on the other.(得此失彼)”能描述玛丽的经历。 C (2024·济宁市高考模拟) When 76－year－old Antoinette－Marie Williams played 17－year－old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time，she gave Daniels a run for his money．Paired through DOROT，a New York organization which was launched in 1976，they are a perfect match.“I was a good opponent for him.I don't think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well.Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross－generational relationship that they both enjoy.Williams and Daniels' relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common. Since its founding，DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services.Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults，in services specific to the person's needs and interests，with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old. Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years，but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic(流行病) has emerged only in recent years.In 2018，the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness，highlighting the increasing concern around the issue.This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission，which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue. Fortunately，there are ways to battle loneliness，including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT.It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends，joining a community or social group，or volunteering to connect with like－minded people.The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter－generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants，young and old. Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations.Practicing self－care is also encouraged，as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新声誉的DOROT。 8．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．She had a running race with Daniels. B．Daniels felt disappointed. C．Daniels had a tough win. D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting. C　词句猜测题。根据第一段中“I was a good opponent for him.I don't think he expected it.”可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette－Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦”，故选C。 9．What is the purpose of DOROT? A．To make technological innovation. B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly. C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages. D．To provide seniors with inter－generational connection. D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross－generational relationship that they both enjoy.”和第二段可知，DOROT从建立开始在老龄化服务领域就取得了卓越和创新的声誉，通过活动，帮助老人和年轻人建立了彼此都喜欢的跨代关系，即：其目的是为老年人提供代际联系，故选D。 10．What does the author try to stress in Paragraph 3? A．The solution to loneliness. B．The root cause of loneliness. C．The classification of loneliness. D．The growing attention to loneliness. D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，英国政府通过任命专门人员来解决老年人孤独问题，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注，因而作者在本段主要强调政府对老人孤独问题的关注。故选D。 11．In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from? A．Society Watch. B．News Express. C．Page Turner. D．Science Study. A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT，同时在第三段中也提到了政府对老人孤独问题的关注。因而文章主要描述的是老龄化的孤独问题，所以文章可能来自“社会关注”板块，故选A。 D (2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模) Michael Gonsalves，a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World，has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh，locally－sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model. “Truly the whole process starts with menu planning，” he said.Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end－to－end use of products.As chefs，they are always searching for the best ingredients.It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them.For example，they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet，no hormones (激素) or additives—that's used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup.Nothing goes to waste. When they do have waste，even if minimal，they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that's then used across the Walt Disney World property.They also support Second Harvest，a local community food bank where healthy produce，prepared，but not served，meals eatable for human consumption are donated.Disney also works with pig farmers when they can't distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption.Besides，wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that. Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full－life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft. Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year，plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis.They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food，but an appreciation for nature. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”。 12．Where did Michael Gonsalves' idea about cuisine come from? A．His mom's suggestions. B．His dream of becoming a chef. C．His interest in delicious food. D．His labor experience as a child. D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Michael Gonsalves的烹饪理念源于他小时候的劳动体验。故选D。 13．How are the ingredients dealt with in Golden Oak? A．They are grilled to eat. B．They are used to the fullest. C．They are divided into groups. D．They are selected by quality. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is then their focus to ensure...Nothing goes to waste.”可知，金橡树餐厅充分利用食材的每一个部分，没有什么浪费。故选B。 14．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3? A．Give examples about zero waste. B．Introduce the unique habit of wildlife. C．Stress the importance of natural food. D．Explain the operation mode of the food bank. A　推理判断题。第二段末句“Nothing goes to waste.”提到餐厅没有什么浪费，结合第三段内容可知，本段是举例说明上文提及的“零浪费”，如把垃圾转化成堆肥，剩余食品捐给当地社区食品银行、与养猪户合作以及投喂给野生动物，故选A。 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Disney World：New Cuisine Road B．Michael Gonsalves：Creative Chef C．Michael Gonsalves：Advocate of Food Diversity D．Disney World：Pioneer in Environmental Protection A　标题归纳题。根据文章内容，尤其根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”，A项“迪士尼世界：新美食道路”适合作文章标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·山东省济南市高三三模) Gardening may be one of the most relaxing hobbies you'll find，with the excitement of seeing something you have planted actually turn into a flower.But if you've been holding back because you don't have a yard，then you're missing out a lot.1(____) Container gardening is the most obvious way to plant when you don't have a ton of space.If you can get a container regardless of its size，you can have a garden.2(____)Even a small pot with a brightly colored flower or bushy green plants can give your entryway a pop of color. 3(____)Grow climbing plants on a fence or the posts over your doorway to decorate the side of your home.Plenty of plants are happy to grow up instead of out，so you can have some greenery without a traditional garden. Have an apartment or townhouse? Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside.4(____)And they give you plenty of options to plant bright blooms or fresh herbs within reach—plus they give your home some added appeal at the same time. There's probably still one room where you haven't thought of putting some plants：Your bathroom.Even if yours doesn't get much light，a wall－mounted garden can still grow well.5(____)They will give your bathroom a more natural，earthy feel. A．These require no ground space at all. B．When plants get enough sunlight，they grow better. C．If you're really short of space，think height instead. D．They can add some green to the inside of your home. E．Bigger pots give you space to grow several different flowers. F．In fact，there are plenty of easy ways to get the joy of gardening. G．Plants that do well in shady and wet environments are the best choice. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何进行园艺提出了一些方法。 1．F　根据上文“Gardening may be one of the most relaxing hobbies...then you're missing out a lot.”及结合后文主要关于园艺的建议可知，F选项“事实上，有很多简单的方法可以获得园艺的乐趣”符合语境。 2．E　根据上文“Container gardening is the most obvious way...you can have a garden.”可知，本句主要针对上文提到的容器进行说明。故E选项“更大的花盆给你空间种植几种不同的花”符合语境。 3．C　根据下文“Grow climbing plants on a fence...without a traditional garden.”可知，在门口的栅栏或柱子上种植，即从高度空间来种植。故C选项“如果你真的缺少空间，那就考虑一下高度吧”符合语境。 4．A　根据上文“Have an apartment or townhouse? Then consider outdoor window boxes that you access from inside.”可知，上文提到考虑一下你可以从里面够到的室外窗户种植箱，本句主要针对这一做法进行说明，A选项“不需要地面空间”符合语境，故选A。 5．G　根据上文“Even if yours doesn't get much light，a wall－mounted garden can still grow well.”以及下文“They will give your bathroom a more natural，earthy feel.”可知，没有足够的光线，可以选择在阴凉潮湿的环境中生长良好的植物。故G选项“在阴凉潮湿的环境中生长良好的植物是最好的选择”符合语境。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·衡水中学第五次综合素养测评) When I was 7 and Stevie was 6，our parents taught us how to play chess and other games.Playing games was our life back then.Stevie and I were very competitive in everything. We got older and better so our games were more intense，but also more exciting.The strange thing is that I enjoyed the games vastly and was happy for my brother when he won.But afterwards，I felt my well－being threatened，and then my confidence suffered. When I was 10 years old I wanted to be successful at my talents.One day，a light came on in my head.I had to find something Stevie couldn't do.It would have to be unique in every way.Before long，I got Jimmy Nelson's record on “How to Become a Ventriloquist (腹语师)” and I practiced faithfully every day.After summer vacation，I did my first show for my class.The response was favorable.I performed for family get－togethers and did shows on a number of occasions to practice my new skill. It isn't easy learning ventriloquism.The difficult part was developing the voice，because at first，it was soft and hard to hear.I memorized the routines and performed more.With time，I got better responses.The loud laughter was nonstop，in addition to the applause. Four years later，my mother purchased professional ventriloquial figure，which I named Freddie O'Sullivan.He was lifelike，with moving eyes，moving eyebrows，and could stick out his tongue.Treating Freddie like a real person enhanced my performance. In college，Freddie was well－known.He would tell people that he was the only guy that could sleep in the girl's dormitory.Over the years，I won many talent awards. One time，an elderly man looked at Freddie attentively and asked him where he got his trousers.The audience nearby had tears in their eyes.I didn't know what was going on until I was told later the gentleman hadn't spoken for 20 years. Thanks to my brother，I created a lifetime with Freddie. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是随着作者长大，作者对自己要求越来越高，开始学习腹语技能，这给作者带来很大的满足感，甚至影响到了观众。 1．How did the author feel at first when Stevie won a game? A．Delighted. B．Confused. C．Depressed. D．Surprised. A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The strange thing is that I enjoyed the games vastly and was happy for my brother when he won.”可知，在兄弟获胜的时候，作者会感到很高兴。故选A。 2．Why did the author decide to learn ventriloquism? A．To gain her parents' favor in family get－togethers. B．To record her intense and competitive childhood. C．To have a special talent better than her brother. D．To bring joyous laughter to people around her. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I was 10 years old I wanted to be successful at my talents.One day，a light came on in my head.I had to find something Stevie couldn't do.”可知，作者在10岁的时候，想要找到一个Stevie不会做的事情，由此可知，作者是想比Stevie拥有更好的才华。故选C。 3．What do we know about Freddie O'Sullivan? A．Freddie trained the author professionally. B．Freddie inspired an old man to restart to talk. C．Freddie took the place of the author's brother. D．Freddie disturbed others in the girl's dormitory. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，在一次表演时，有位观众专注地盯着Freddie，还询问他裤子在哪里买的，观众们都流泪了，后来才知道，这位观众20年没说话了，由此可推知，Freddie启发着一位老人开始说话。故选B。 4．According to the passage，which words can best describe the author? A．Generous and grateful. B．Modest and responsible. C．Patient and honest. D．Sensitive and determined. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But afterwards，I felt my well－being threatened，and then my confidence suffered.”可知，作者很敏感；根据第三段中的“I had to find something Stevie couldn't do... and I practiced faithfully every day.”以及第四段可知，作者为了学习一门能超过Stevie的技能，开始学习腹语，克服很多困难后取得了很大的成效，受到很多观众的喜欢，由此可知，他是一个很坚定的人。故选D。 B (2024·江西省名校高三期中联考) Humans have long known that being in nature is good for the mind and body. From indigenous (本土的) adolescents completing the adult ceremony in the wild to modern East Asian cultures taking “forest baths”，many have looked to nature as a place for healing and personal growth.But the question still remains.How can nature make it? There is no doubt that being in nature reduces the physiological symptoms of stress in our bodies.What this means is that we are less likely to be anxious and fearful in nature，and therefore we can be more open to other people and creative patterns of thought.Also，nature often leads to awe，wonder and respect，all these emotions facilitating everything from physical to mental health.There is also some evidence that exposure to nature impacts the brain.Viewing natural beauty makes specific reward circuits in the brain associated with dopamine release，a chemical that gives us a sense of purpose，joy and energy to pursue our goals. But，regrettably，people seem to be spending less time outdoors and less time in nature than before.It is also clear that，in the past 30 years，people's levels of stress and sense of “busyness” have risen dramatically.These joint forces have led environmental writer Richard Louy to coin the term “Nature Deficit Disorder”—a form of suffering that comes from a sense of disconnection from nature and its powers. Perhaps we should take note and try a course corrective.The 19th century philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote about nature，“There I feel that nothing can befall me in life—no disgrace，no calamity.”The science speaks to Emerson's intuition.It's time to realize that nature is more than just a material resource.It's also a pathway to human health and happiness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了接触大自然的好处：促进身心健康。 5．Why are “indigenous adolescents” and “modern East Asian cultures” mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To clarify a viewpoint. B．To answer the question below. C．To present the natural scenery. D．To show the cultural differences. A　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句可知，作者提及本土的青少年和现代东亚文化是为了阐明一个观点：置身大自然对身心都有好处。 6．What does the underlined word “facilitating” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Restricting. B．Covering. C．Exposing. D．Promoting. D　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，大自然会引发人的敬畏、惊叹和尊重之情，这些情绪都有助于提升人的健康和幸福感。由此可知，画线词意为“促进”。 7．What is the tone of the author in writing Paragraph 3? A．Indifferent. B．Uneasy. C．Humorous. D．Proud. B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，人们花在户外和大自然中的时间似乎比以前少了，作者对此感到很担忧。regrettably是提示词。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Is It Time to Challenge Yourself in Nature? B．Do You Know Nature Is a Material Resource? C．Why Do We Care About the Natural Environment? D．What Can Happen When We Connect with Nature? D　标题归纳题。文章介绍了接触大自然的好处：促进身心健康。由此可知，“当我们与自然联系时，会发生什么呢？”为最佳标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) (2024·山东省威海市高三高考模拟) A future where insects make up a large part of the world's diet is on the horizon.Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine，insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries.Their being low－fat and high－protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.1(____) Animal protein from livestock (家畜)，such as cows，chicken and pigs，takes up 80 percent of the entire world's farmland，despite only making up less than one－fifth of calories consumed globally.2(____)Thus it would support a variety of biodiversity as nature intended. Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.3(____)Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect waste making excellent fertilizer (肥料) for agricultural soil. It seems that insects are an ideal solution for many issues the world today is faced with.4(____)Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal. Times are changing.The European Union last year declared that meal worms were safe for human consumption.Cricket protein powder is also increasing greatly in popularity，with Canada rapidly becoming the largest market for the product. 5(____)As we explore our solar system，efficient means of producing animal based－proteins will become vital.None are more efficient space－wise than insects.And the colonies of the future could well find themselves enjoying fried crickets with a pint of beer while watching the Martian sunset. A.They also have a host of environmental benefits. B．Insects reproduce quickly and have high growth rates. C．Unlike agriculture，insects produce far fewer greenhouse gases. D．They require little space，water and technology to raise compared to livestock. E．However，making them a delicious cuisine can be a challenge in several cultures. F．By freeing up livestock space，huge expanses of land could be returned to nature. G．A future where insects will become invaluable to space exploration is also upcoming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用昆虫制作美味佳肴的好处。昆虫低脂肪和高蛋白使它们成为减少饥饿的完美选择，而且用昆虫制作美味佳肴还能带来许多环境效益。 1．A　上文“Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine... for reducing hunger.”指出昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，A项“它们还有许多环境效益。”承接上文，继续描述昆虫成为美味佳肴的原因，故选A。 2．F　上文“Animal protein from livestock(家畜)．.. calories consumed globally.”指出牲畜占据了全世界80%的农田，F项“通过释放牲畜的空间，大片的土地可以回归自然。”承接上文，指出释放这些空间会有好处。 3．D　上文“Insects such as grasshoppers，meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.”指出饲养昆虫的好处，即昆虫富含蛋白质，维生素含量比猪肉或牛肉高得多，下文“Greenhouse gas emissions through this process are also very little，with insect waste making excellent fertilizer(肥料) for agricultural soil.”也是在讲饲养昆虫的好处。由此可知，空处也应围绕饲养昆虫的好处来写，D项“与畜牧业相比，它们需要很少的空间、水和技术来饲养。”承上启下，符合语境。 4．E　上文“It seems that insects are an ideal solution for many issues the world today is faced with.”指出用昆虫制作美味佳肴能解决许多问题，下文“Urban areas of Asia，Europe and North America are most likely to associate insects with dirt instead of as a tasty meal.”指出有些地区不用昆虫来做美味佳肴。由此可知，E项和上文是转折关系，且下文具体说明了E项内容。 5．G　下文“As we explore our solar system...are more efficient space－wise than insects.”指出昆虫在太空探索方面发挥的作用。由此可知，G项引起下文，符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2024·南京市第二次模拟考试) Sean looked at his father，who was standing confidently at the helm(舵柄)．Sean couldn't __1__ all of the sailing terms his father taught him.He hated to ask，but pushed himself anyway.“Which way are we turning？”he asked，anticipating his father's __2__．“We're coming about，” his father said __3__． Suddenly，the sky turned grey and the wind began blowing wildly.“Sean，take the helm，”his father called.Sean __4__．He didn't want to，but he also didn't want to see his father's __5__ look.“Uh...sure，” Sean replied. “Just keep it going straight.I'll check something.” Sean __6__ the helm from time to time.Now the __7__ wind changed its direction，catching him off guard.The boat __8__，leaving ropes and nets slipping to the opposite side.“Dad！”Sean cried，but the wind swallowed(吞没)his __9__．Sean didn't see his father as the sail blocked his __10__． Then he saw his father in the water! Sean __11__ the rope that his father had used to teach him sailing knots(结)now to save his father. As he __12__ the trick his father taught him，he formed the knot and pulled it tight.He quickly tied the other __13__ onto the boat，and then threw the rope to his father.After climbing back，his father said，“You __14__ my life，son.”Sean felt a rush of __15__ and pride，smiling. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sean与父亲在海上遭遇强风，父亲不幸落水，Sean利用从父亲那里学到的知识成功救父亲上船的故事。 1． A．revise B．choose C．translate D．remember D　根据后文的“He hated to ask，but pushed himself anyway.”并结合所给选项可知，此处应指Sean不能将父亲教他的所有航海术语都记住，故选D。 2． A．approval B．response C．encouragement D．understanding B　Sean提出问题“Which way are we turning？”的同时应在期待父亲的回答。故选B。 3． A．repeatedly B．sadly C．firmly D．politely C　对于Sean的问题，父亲的回答是“我们马上转变航向”。根据语境尤其是首句中的“who was standing confidently at the helm(舵柄)”可知，父亲当时的语气应该是坚定的，故选C。 4． A．refused B．cheered C．waved D．hesitated D　根据下文的“He didn't want to，but he also didn't...look.”可知，此处表示Sean对于父亲叫自己掌舵这件事有些犹豫，故选D。 5． A．blank B．curious C．pained D．disappointed D　此处表示Sean本不想掌舵，但也不想看到遭到拒绝后父亲失望的表情，故选D。 6． A．grasped B．righted C．shifted D．missed B　根据上文的“Just keep it going straight”可知，父亲要求Sean掌好舵使船一直直走，因此Sean必须时不时地把舵扶正，故选B。 7． A．calm B．fresh C．soft D．strong D　根据第二段首句中的“the wind began blowing wildly”可知，Sean父子在航行途中遭遇大风。由此可推知，此处应表示强风改变了方向，使Sean措手不及，故选D。 8． A．tipped B．stopped C．sank D．floated A　根据空后的“leaving ropes and nets slipping to the opposite side”可知，船倾斜了以至于绳子和渔网滑落到对面，故选A。tip在此作动词，意为“(使)倾斜，倾倒”，属于熟词生义的用法。 9． A．anger B．complaint C．voice D．body C　根据语境可知，此处表示风太大，因此吞没了Sean喊父亲的声音，故选C。 10．A．view B．way C．action D．thought A　此处表示Sean没有看到他的父亲，因为帆挡住了他的视线，故选A。 11．A．packed up B．wound up C．reached for D．wished for C　根据常识可知，由于看到自己的父亲落水，Sean应是伸手去拿父亲教他打航海结时用的绳子，故选C。 12．A．recorded B．recited C．shared D．explained B　根据后文的“he formed the knot and pulled it tight”并结合所给选项可知，此处表示Sean边背诵父亲平时教给他的技巧边打结并拉紧，故选B。 13．A．end B．side C．net D．rope A　根据语境和常识可知，救落水人时，应将绳子的一端紧紧固定在船上，然后把绳子扔给落水者，故选A。 14．A．saved B．changed C．defined D．shaped A　根据上文的“climbing back”可知，父亲得救了，所以父亲在对Sean说：“儿子，你救了我的命。”故选A。 15．A．puzzle B．relief C．guilt D．gratitude B　此处指听到父亲的话，Sean感到一阵宽慰和自豪，故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2024·长沙二模) Trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere，in the form of carbon dioxide.A living tree is thus 1________ important storage site for carbon 2________ might otherwise be added to the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.And a big，living tree matters even 3________(much) to the atmosphere. However，when scientists try to understand the importance of the carbon storage 4________(current) provided by plants，and the effects of a number of human 5________(activity) on the carbon cycle，they are faced with the fact that there are no direct measurements of carbon cycling from the pre－industrial period. A new study，6________(publish) today in the journal Science，seeks 7________(fill) this knowledge gap using the assemblages of fossil pollen(花粉化石) in the soil as an indication of woody vegetation biomass in the past.An international team of scientists 8________(use) fossil pollen data to reconstruct the natural pace and pattern of carbon storage in the forests of the Midwestern U．S.over the past 10，000 years.Their findings cast a new light on how landscapes can 9________(manage) to maximize carbon storage while also meeting conservation goals.Their work painted a vivid picture 10________how forests have changed over this time.The researchers found that，after an initial post－glacial decline，woody biomass nearly doubled during the last 8，000 years. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木以二氧化碳的形式从大气中吸收碳。因此，活树是一个重要的碳储存场所。 1．an　考查冠词。site为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。 2．that/which　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词carbon，指物，从句缺少主语，故填that/which。 3．more　考查比较级。句意：一棵高大的活树对大气的影响更大。结合句意表示“更”且被even修饰，应用比较级，故填more。 4．currently　考查词性转换。修饰动词provided应用副词作状语，故填currently。 5．activities　考查名词的单复数。activity为可数名词，由a number of修饰应用复数形式，故填activities。 6．published　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词seeks，故空处应用非谓语动词，publish与逻辑主语study构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填published。 7．to fill　考查非谓语动词。短语seek to do sth表示“争取/力图做某事”，故填to fill。 8．used　考查动词的时态。描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时，故填used。 9．be managed　考查动词的语态。主语landscapes与谓语manage构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形，故填be managed。 10．of　考查介词。短语a vivid picture of意为：一幅……的生动画面，故填of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$