课下主题式素养训练 (18) 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

A卷 (时间：50分钟　满分：50分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分) A (2023·山东省泰安市三模) Let's take a look at these traditional events in the UK. World Gurning Championships Gurning is a British word meaning to pull a funny facial expression.The World Gurning Championships sets out to crown(加冕) a contestant who can pull the strangest face of all.The contest takes place every year in Egremont，Cumbria，as part of the town's Crab Fair，which dates back to 1267. Nettle Eating Contest Hosted by the Bottle Inn pub in Marsh wood，Dorset every year，this 20－year－old nettle eating contest sees dozens of competitors take part in eating as many nettle stalks(荨麻茎) as possible within one hour.Winners normally eat around 70ft of nettle stalks! Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival Every January，the Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival takes place，which dates back more than 200 years.The strange festival consists of a performer wearing a five－stone metal and straw bear costume，while parading through the town streets with a group of Appalachian and Morris dancers. Wife Carrying Race If you think your husband is strong enough to carry you in a race，then you may be in with a chance of winning this odd tradition，held in Dorking，Surrey every March.The sport actually originates from the Viking invasion(入侵) of 793 AD.The tradition wasn't revived in the UK until 2008，but now comes with a friendlier feel.The winner receives ￡100，while the carrier of the heaviest wife is given a pound of sausage. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项英国的传统活动：世界鬼脸大赛、吃荨麻比赛、Whittlesea草熊节、背妻比赛。 1．What do we know about World Gurning Championships? A．It was briefly banned. B．It is part of another activity. C．It attracts funny－looking players. D．It originates from an English word. B　细节理解题。根据文章World Gurning Championships部分内容“The contest takes place every year in Egremont，Cumbria，as part of the town's Crab Fair，which dates back to 1267.”可知，这项比赛是螃蟹博览会的一部分。 2．Which event has the longest history? A．Wife Carrying Race. B．Nettle Eating Contest. C．Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival. D．World Gurning Championships. A　细节理解题。根据文章World Gurning Championships部分内容“The contest...which dates back to 1267.”可知，世界鬼脸大赛可以追溯到1267年；文章Nettle Eating Contest部分内容“Hosted by the Bottle Inn pub in Marsh wood，Dorset every year，this 20－year－old nettle eating contest...”可知，吃荨麻比赛追溯到20年前；文章Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival部分内容“Every January，the Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival takes place，which dates back more than 200 years.”可知，Whittlesea草熊节可以追溯到200多年前；文章Wife Carrying Race部分内容“The sport actually originates from the Viking invasion(入侵) of 793 AD.”可知，背妻比赛起源于公元793年。由此可知，背妻比赛历史最悠久。 3．What do the listed events have in common? A．They are held in the wild. B．They are yearly events. C．They are invented by farmers. D．They're only for strong players. B　推理判断题。根据文章World Gurning Championships部分内容“The contest takes place every year”，文章Nettle Eating Contest部分内容“Hosted by the Bottle Inn pub in Marsh wood，Dorset every year”，文章Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival部分内容“Every January，the Whittlesea Straw Bear Festival takes place”，文章Wife Carrying Race部分内容“...held in Dorking，Surrey every March”可推知，它们的共同点是每年都会举行。 B (2024·湖南省名校联盟) The South African town Hamburg is situated by one of the most beautiful estuaries (河口) in the Eastern Cape.It's known for its rich Xhosa culture.It is also home to a group of women who have produced a series of extraordinary artworks that have been exhibited around the world. Keiskamma Art Project was created to teach local women embroidery (刺绣) skills to help them at a tough time economically and socially，but unexpectedly it has grown into something much bigger.Having been shown at international art galleries，many of their tapestries (挂毯) are now being displayed under one roof for the first time，at an exhibition in Johannesburg. Their story began in 2000，when Dr.Carol Hofmeyr moved from Johannesburg to Hamburg.She found that the town was struggling with high unemployment and that local women were desperate to find ways to feed their families.Having studied embroidery herself，she hoped that passing on that knowledge to local women would help empower them. From humble beginnings，more and more women heard about the project through word of mouth.Now，over 150 women are part of the project.Selling their works provides a source of income，but the project has also created a support system for the women. Initially，the women started out simply creating cushions (坐垫) and small handbags to sell to tourists.Eventually，they started receiving tasks for larger pieces.They were given panels about a meter in size to work on at home.By joining the completed panels together，they created the first of their large works and one of their most celebrated，“The Keiskamma Tapestry”，which tells the history of the Xhosa people who were subjugated (征服) through colonization and the Xhosa British Frontier Wars from 1776 to 1876. Another celebrated piece is “The Keiskamma Altarpiece”，which was produced by 130 women.The four－meter－high，four－meter－wide piece reveals the struggles that elderly Xhosa women endured when the youth in their community were hit by HIV two decades ago，and they stepped in to care for children. Recent artworks engage with contemporary issues.“The Resilience Tapestry” deals with the pandemic；“A New Earth and Our Sacred Ocean” is a call for environmental consciousness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了南非Hamburg小镇因科萨文化而闻名，当地的女士们通过制作一些工艺品渡过生活难关。 4．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To inform readers of the situation. B．To bring in the topic of the text. C．To introduce an ancient culture. D．To promote the local artworks. B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段的目的是引入文章的主题。 5．What is beyond people's expectation for Keiskamma Art Project? A．It helps a lot of women. B．It gains international fame. C．It helps develop local economy. D．It sponsors an exhibition in Johannesburg. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Keiskamma Art Project was created...has grown into something much bigger.”可知，Keiskamma艺术项目获得了国际声誉超出了人们的期望。 6．Which of the following can best describe the process of making “The Keiskamma Tapestry”？ A．Historical. B．Game－changing. C．Cooperative. D．Time－consuming. C　推理判断题。根据第五段“By joining the completed panels together... through colonization and the Xhosa British Frontier Wars from 1776 to 1876.”可知，制作“凯思卡玛挂毯”的过程是互相合作的。 7．What do we know about “The Keiskamma Altarpiece”？ A．It shows the Xhosa people's sufferings. B．It reflects on some contemporary issues. C．It covers some pandemic－related content. D．It aims to arouse the environmental awareness. A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，The Keiskamma Altarpiece展示了科萨人民的苦难。 C (2024·山东省威海市高三模拟) Young and old alike can be crazy about a new finding by researchers at Ohio State University and the University of Chicago.There is hope for us all when it comes to creativity，they say. According to the study，which focused on the 31 most notable Nobel Prize winners in economics，there are two types of creativity that can blossom at different points in a person's life.Conceptual innovators tend to do their best work in their mid－twenties，while experimental innovators peak in their fifties. They explain in the paper that there are conceptual thinkers，who seek to communicate specific ideas or emotions and have precise goals for their works，planning them carefully in advance，and carrying them out systematically.Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein both did their greatest work in youth.However，experimental innovators build on their knowledge and accept theories throughout their careers and ultimately find new and innovative ways to analyze that knowledge.These thinkers tend to do their best work later in life.The paper cites Virginia Woolf and Charles Darwin as late bloomers. The study states，“Many scholars believe that creativity is only associated with youth.Two 54－year－old Harvard scholars were denied offers of tenured professorships (终身教授) due to concerns of the so－called problem of “extinct volcanoes”． Their findings suggest that this kind of biased (有偏见的) thinking leads to bad decisions.It ignores the fact that there are different types of innovators and that different problems demand different kinds of contributions and solutions.They hope their work will gradually remove the world's favoritism for precocious geniuses(早熟的天才) and its ignorance of the creativity that comes with age.Weinberg，the co－author of the study，said，“ We believe what we found in this study isn't limited to economics，but could apply to creativity more generally.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学和芝加哥大学的研究人员发现，创造力没有年龄限制，我们所有人都有希望有创造力。 8．Which of the following can replace the underlined “blossom”？ A．Fully develop. B．Suddenly change. C．Gradually fade. D．Repeatedly emerge. A　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，概念创新者往往在25岁左右做最好的工作，而实验创新者则在50岁左右达到顶峰，这说明具有这两种创造力的人在不同的时刻会做到最好，即得到充分发展，所以画线单词blossom意为“充分发展”，故选A。 9．What determines a person's most creative period according to the study? A．Age or career. B．Education background. C．Type of thinking. D．Exposure to diverse ideas. C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“They explain in the paper that there are conceptual thinkers...did their greatest work in youth.可推知，根据这项研究，一个人最具创造力的时期是由思考方式来决定的，故选C。 10．What does the writer want to stress in the last paragraph? A．Creativity breeds success. B．Creativity knows no age limit. C．Solutions need diverse creativity. D．Favoritism for geniuses limits creativity. B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They hope their work will gradually remove... that comes with age.”可知，作者想在最后一段强调创造力没有年龄限制。 11．What's the writer's attitude to the new findings? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Positive. D．Critical. B　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Their findings suggest that... contributions and solutions.”可知，作者认为这项新的研究既有优点也有缺点，由此可推知，作者对该项新研究的观点是客观的，故选B。 D (2024·河北省唐山市模拟) It's no secret that our jobs can have a major impact on our lives outside of work.But what many employers don't realize is that how employees spend their time at work can have substantial spillover effects on their children. To explore the impact of parents' work on their children's development，my team conducted a study that followed more than 370 low－wage，working－class families over more than ten years.We intentionally focused on low－wage families，as they generally receive far less attention in the work－family literature while facing some of the greatest challenges.We，therefore，could get more authentic data.We completed in－home interviews and first－hand observations of parent－child interactions with strict assessments and reports from parents and teachers. The data showed that parents who experienced more autonomy on the job and who had more supportive managers and co－workers were in turn warmer and more engaged when interacting with their kids.Checking back in with these families years later，we consistently saw that the children of employees who had had more positive work experiences in their first years as parents had better reading and math skills，and better social skills. So it is important to promote workers' physical and mental health.Some organizations tend to focus on high－level policy changes such as flexible scheduling options，more paid leave，etc.And to be sure，these systemic initiatives are certainly important.But our research suggests that ensuring workers feel respected and supported in their daily work is often just as critical.That means employers should give employees the time and space to share their experiences and ideas.In this way，employers will ensure workers feel buoyant in their daily work.The workers will feel bright and lively，enjoying more autonomy and respect. Ultimately，how companies treat their workers today will determine how the next generation grows up tomorrow.That means building workplaces that value the welfare of working parents—and that of their kids，too. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母的工作经历会影响孩子。 12．Why did the study choose the low－wage families? A．To tackle their problems. B．To give them more attention. C．To learn more truth about the poor. D．To make the study more convincing. D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We intentionally focused on low－wage families...could get more authentic data.”可知，为了使研究更有说服力，本研究选择了低收入家庭作为研究对象。 13．What do some organizations usually give particular attention to? A．Humanity. B．Policies. C．Social systems. D．Moral standards. B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Some organizations tend to focus on high－level policy changes such as flexible scheduling options，more paid leave，etc.”可知，一些组织通常特别注意政策。 14．What does the underlined word “buoyant” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Romantic. B．Cheerful. C．Innocent. D．Dominant. B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“That means employers should give employees the time and space to share their experiences and ideas.”和画线词下文“The workers will feel bright and lively，enjoying more autonomy and respect.”可知，画线词所在句子意思是“通过这种方式，雇主将确保员工在日常工作中感到轻松愉快。”，由此可知，buoyant意为“愉快的”，与cheerful意思相近。 15．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Parents' Experience at Work Impacts Their Kids B．Working Parents Devote Little to Their Children C．Employers Should Care for Employees' Families D．Companies Are Responsible for Workers' Health A　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“But what many employers don't realize... effects on their children.”可知，文章主要介绍了父母的工作经历会影响孩子。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·山东省烟台市期中) Some signs of sleep deprivation (匮乏) like dark circles under your eyes might be noticeable，but others can fly under the radar.1(____) You don't have energy.If you feel so tired and listless at work that you would rather run for your pillow than do even the smallest task at the desk，that could be the result of a lack of sleep.2(____) This practice could actually be what's keeping you up at night. You find it difficult to concentrate.3(____) Science has shown that it's harder to focus，pay attention and make decisions when you're sleep deprived.Whether you're working at an office，working from home or just trying to get through your to－do list，not getting enough sleep will make concentrating more difficult. 4(____)Sleep deprivation can lead to problems like high blood pressure and diabetes.If you have hypertension (高血压)，the longer you're awake，the longer your blood pressure may remain high.If you suffer from diabetes，regularity in your sleep cycle could keep your blood sugar levels more stable.Reduced sleep could also impact your body weight by affecting hormone levels.Changes in hormone levels due to sleep deprivation can create an eating disorder which could have an impact on your blood pressure and blood sugar. You feel moody，depressed or angry.Sleep deprivation night means that you can easily get upset.5(____) You might even be angry more easily and find it difficult to cope with stressful situations. A．Your medical issues are worsening or developing. B．20 minutes of shut－eye will make you feel recharged. C．There are some tricks that might help you become energetic. D．Sleep deprivation might have an impact on your mental performance. E．It also leads to reduced patience and discourages you from socializing. F．These signs might be an indicator that you aren't getting the sleep you need. G．However，think twice if you turn to a late afternoon coffee to pick yourself up. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些睡眠不足引起的不太明显的迹象。 1．F　上文“Some signs of sleep deprivation (匮乏) like dark circles under your eyes might be noticeable，but others can fly under the radar.”提到一些缺乏睡眠的迹象不太明显，F项承接上文，说明这些迹象也表明睡眠不足，句中“These signs”照应上文“others”，同时指代下文中提到的4种迹象。 2．G　根据下文“This practice could actually be what's keeping you up at night.”可知，设空处会提到一种让你难以入眠的行为，结合常识，G项中“a late afternoon coffee to pick yourself up”就是这样的行为，上下文语意连贯。 3．D　段首小标题“You find it difficult to concentrate.”提出注意力不集中是睡眠不足的迹象之一，D项与下文“Science has shown that it's harder to focus，pay attention and make decisions when you're sleep deprived.”对此作出进一步解释，说明睡眠不足和很难集中注意力之间的关系。 4．A　设空句是段首小标题。根据下文可知，本段主要讲睡眠不足会影响健康状况，所以A项“Your medical issues are worsening or developing ”是睡眠不足的迹象之一，是最佳小标题。 5．E　根据小标题“You feel moody，depressed or angry.”可知，睡眠不足会影响情绪。上文“you can easily get upset”指出睡眠不足会让人心烦意乱，E项与上文是并列关系，进一步说明睡眠不足对情绪造成的影响，上下文语意连贯。 B卷 (时间：60分钟　满分：60分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·河北省唐山市模拟) Last week，three days of cold rain had everyone in our house feeling a bit bad－tempered，especially my kid，who couldn't go out to play.Then the music app on my phone recommended a station called “Rainy Day Jazz”．As the soft piano played，my daughter and I hugged closely，feeling comfortable and relaxed.Suddenly，our day was enjoyable.It turned out that Rainy Day Jazz was just the thing we needed. Life—especially life with young children—can often feel very busy and rushed.One of the great benefits of music is that it offers a safe and dependable place to feel our feelings.When we are afraid，sad，or happy，we can invite music in.Kids can be great at expressing their emotions，but they don't always have the ability to regulate them and move through them.When kids engage with music，a sense of emotional security is increased，allowing them to feel safer to fully experience their feelings. Music has been a community practice throughout human history.Studies show that in early childhood，playing music in groups can increase cooperation skills and a sense of social belonging.In Pinkalicious and Peterrific，an educational children's TV series，Peter is eager to share his musical experiences with others.Together，Pinkalicious and Peter make up their own happy song to sing and play，which cheers up the whole town. Music is for everyone.Lots of parents feel like they don't have enough talent for music.Actually，they should let go of their insecurities about what they think music should be.Kids will love singing，dancing，and playing music with you no matter how it sounds.What's the most important is to get them emotionally engaged. Ready to rock and roll? Here are some ways your family can interact with music.Make music accessible.You can empower your child to use music as an emotional support by giving them access to the tools they need.Talk about music.You can help your child explore the relationship between music and emotions by talking openly about your own relationship with music.Get your bodies moving.Children experience music in their bodies—not just in their minds! Music and movement are partners. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐是一种安全的体验情感的方式，当孩子们接触音乐时，情感安全感会增加，让他们感到更安全，可以充分体验自己的感受。并且音乐一直是一种集体实践，音乐适合每个人。 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Kids are able to adjust their emotions. B．Kids do well in showing their feelings. C．Music benefits children in many aspects. D．Music is a safe way to experience emotions. D　段落大意题。通读第二段可知，第二段的主要内容是音乐是一种安全的体验情感的方式。 2．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning a TV series? A．Music creates connection. B．Playing music brings fun. C．Cooperation skills are vital. D．Children are eager for music. A　推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，作者提到一部电视剧是想告诉我们音乐创造联系。 3．What does the author suggest parents do? A．Get rid of unnecessary worry. B．Become more skilled in music. C．Purchase expensive instruments. D．Get to know their own limitations. A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者建议父母摆脱不必要的烦恼。 4．How many ways of interacting with music are introduced? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，介绍了三种与音乐互动的方式。 B (2024·山东省青岛市适应性检测) For much of human history，ethical (道德的) behavior has been guided by the Golden Rule：do to others as you would have them do to you.But the rule is imperfect.What you want in a given situation may not be what another person desires at all. In the medical field，making or influencing choices for others can make all the difference.Such choices impact people's quality of life and even their chances of survival.As health care becomes more individualized，the time seems right for a new ethical guideline—the “platinum (白金) rule” proposed by professor Harvey Max Chochinov：do to others as they would want done to themselves. Chochinov describes this principle in his essay published last year.He begins with a story about a health crisis affecting his sister Ellen，who was severely disabled.The care doctor，after seeing her twisted (扭曲的) body，was weighing whether to insert a breathing tube when he asked Chochinov a strange question：Did Ellen read magazines? “The question was frightening.” Chochinov writes，“this was not an attempt to get to know Ellen ... but rather a way to decide if hers was a life worth saving.” Ellen read widely and enjoyed many simple pleasures of life，but the gap between her life as a person who uses a wheelchair and the doctor's sense of what he would want in her situation was too vast to be bridged by the Golden Rule.“That's when judging from where you stand what another might need or want begins to break down，” Chochinov explained. Time is a limited resource in the health－care system，and there's no denying that getting to know a patient as an individual means investing additional minutes or hours.Still，Chochinov believes such investment is cost－effective.There are benefits for doctors as well.“When they emotionally connect to their patients，they do a better job.” In certain cases，doctors may find it hard to apply the platinum rule.But there is value in the effort：at the very least，their trying to work through it will ensure that they have sufficient modesty about the wisdom of their choices. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了医学领域实施的“白金法则”，作者认为实施这种法则的努力是有价值的，可以确保医生们努力解决问题。 5．Why is the platinum rule introduced to the medical field? A．To strengthen ethical behavior in treatment. B．To help doctors acquire accurate information. C．To increase chances of survival for patients. D．To make person－centered care accessible to patients. D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“As health care becomes more individualized...do to others as they would want done to themselves.”可知，将“白金法则”引入医学领域是为了使病人能够获得以人为本的护理。 6．What can we learn from Ellen's story? A．A health crisis caused her disability. B．The doctor was curious about her hobby. C．The doctor gave little thought to her needs. D．Her brother sang high praises for the treatment. C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从艾伦的故事我们可以知道医生很少考虑到她的需要。 7．Which statement might Chochinov agree with? A．Health care system needs investing. B．Time put into knowing a patient is rewarding. C．Trust between doctors and patients is important. D．Emotional connection to patients brings job burnout. B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，乔奇诺夫认为花时间了解病人是值得的。 8．What is the author's attitude towards the platinum rule? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Careful. D．Unclear. B　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为“白金法则”虽然难以应用，但是努力是值得的，因为医生努力解决问题将确保他们对自己选择的智慧有足够的谦虚。因此推断作者支持“白金法则”。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) (2024·河北省邯郸市高考三模) In this day and age，it is difficult to imagine our lives without e－mails.But how often do we consider the environmental impact of these messages? 1(____) It's easy to ignore the invisible energy involved in running the network—particularly when it comes to sending and storing data. Every single email is stored on a server (服务器).2(____)These computers consume massive amounts of energy，24 hours a day，and require countless water or air conditioning systems，for cooling.The more messages we send，receive and store，the more servers are needed.3(____) According to carbon footprint specialist，every spam email (垃圾邮件) releases an estimated 0.3 grams of CO2 into the atmosphere.A standard email，one without an attachment has a carbon footprint of 4 grams of CO2.4(____)These carbon emissions come from the energy used to operate the computers and access the Internet. Recent calculations indicate if every email user sent one less unnecessary email each day，it would reduce CO2 emissions by 16，433 tonnes each year.That is the same as 81，152 flights between London and Madrid! 5(____) Avoid sending unnecessary mails，reduce the amount of spam you receive and regularly clean out your inbox. A．The real impact may actually be even higher. B．The server is designed to store huge amounts of data. C．That means more energy consumed，and more carbon emissions. D．An email with a lot text and attachment can be responsible for up to 50 grams. E．It's definitely worthwhile taking a few minutes to do an eco－friendly digital clean－up. F．We assume that using email requires only the electricity used to power our computers. G．Quantities of emails require huge server farms—millions of computers storing information. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是电子邮件对环境的影响。 1．F　空前一句说明我们可能很少考虑电子邮件信息对环境的影响，空后说一句说明电子邮件是会消耗能量的，空格处应该说我们只会想到电子邮件所消耗的常见的能源，故选F。 2．G　空前“Every single email is stored on a server (服务器)．”，说明大量的邮件就需要大量的服务器，G选项说明了大量的电子邮件需要庞大的服务器群，空后的“These computers consume massive amounts of energy”中的These computers和G选项中的“millions of computers”一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 3．C　空前说“这些电脑一天24小时消耗大量的能源，需要无数的水或空调系统来冷却。我们发送、接收和存储的消息越多，就需要更多的服务器。”，空格处应该接着说更多的服务器对环境的影响以及会消耗更多的能源，C选项说明了更多的服务器会消耗更多的能源，造成碳排放，影响环境，故选C。 4．D　根据空处前后句可知，空格处也应该提到某种会导致碳排放的邮件，D选项说明了包含大量文本和附件的电子邮件排放的二氧化碳的量，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 5．E　根据空后“Avoid sending unnecessary mails，reduce the amount of spam you receive and regularly clean out your inbox.”可知，这些都是减少邮件对环境的不好影响的方法，空格处也应该是一种方法，E选项是一种减少邮件的不利影响的方法，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) (2024·湖北省高中名校联盟测评) The 8－year－old boy across the street stormed in and out of his own house very often.A neighbor，William Dunn，__1__what was going on in his life.So Dunn asked him. “He told me that he didn't have a__2__，” says Dunn，now 58，“and I realized there was__3__I could do for him.” That something was__4__，a passion Dunn's father had shared with him. Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every __5__to fish.Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.“They'd been through a lot，and their lives were__6__，” Dunn says.“But when they were fishing，all of that__7__．　Out on the boat，they'd be smiling，and even__8__．” Jayden，now 13，has become a devoted fisherman and__9__ Dunn with helping him mature.“I hope he knows I mean it when I say thank you，” he says. Just as__10__as the fishing are the__11__Dunn forms with the kids.“When Jayden was going through a__12__period recently in study—I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden，” Jayden's mother says.To her delight，Jayden's grades__13__improved in the next exam. “There is nothing like seeing a__14__light up with a smile，” Dunn says.“I feel lucky to__15__that every weekend.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了善良的威廉·邓恩几乎每个周末都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼，他们大多数人在生活中没有父亲的形象，也从来没有钓过鱼。在钓鱼的过程中，孩子们很开心，同时邓恩也给了这些孩子一些建议和鼓励，这些孩子们也取得了进步。 1． A．revealed B．explained C．doubted D．wondered D　根据下文“So Dunn asked him.”可知，邻居威廉·邓恩想知道他的生活发生了什么。 2． A．mother B．father C．brother D．sister B　根据下文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ____to fish.Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”可知，这个男孩没有父亲。 3． A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything A　根据下文“That something was____，a passion Dunn's father had shared with him.”可知，邓恩想为他做点什么，something属于原词复现。 4． A．camping B．boating C．fishing D．running C　根据下文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ____to fish.”可知，此处指钓鱼。 5． A．day B．month C．year D．weekend D　根据下文“I feel lucky to____that every weekend.”可知，此处指几乎每个周末，邓恩都带着一群孩子出去钓鱼。 6． A．different B．difficult C．disciplined D．dynamic B　根据上文“Most didn't have father figures in their lives and had never fished.”及常识可知，这些孩子大多数人没有父亲，生活很艰难。 7． A．went away B．broke out C．came about D．took over A　根据下文“Out on the boat，they'd be smiling，and even____．”可知，但当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心，那些生活的艰难都忘记了，消失了。 8． A．studying B．sailing C．singing D．speaking C　根据上文“Out on the boat，they'd be smiling”可知，但当他们钓鱼时，这些孩子很开心，singing符合此处语境。 9． A．charges B．entertains C．rewards D．credits D　固定搭配credit sb with sth“把某事归功于某人”。 10．A．important B．promising C．interesting D．complex A　根据语境可知，此处指和钓鱼一样重要的是邓恩和孩子们之间的关系。 11．A．circles B．habits C．impressions D．relationships D　根据下文“Dunn forms with the kids”可知，此处指邓恩和孩子们之间的关系。 12．A．rough B．long C．meaningful D．productive A　根据下文“I let Dunn know that his grades were suffering and he had a little talk with Jayden”可知，此处指杰登最近在学习上遇到了困难。 13．A．hardly B．nearly C．genuinely D．accidentally C　根据上文“To her delight”可知，杰登的成绩在下次考试中真正提高了。 14．A．fisherman B．kid C．parent D．neighbor B　根据上文“Dunn has taken groups of kids out almost every ____to fish.”可知，此处指看到一个孩子面带微笑。 15．A．dream B．expect C．witness D．receive C　根据上文“‘There is nothing like seeing a____light up with a smile，’Dunn says.”可知，每个周末都能见证一个孩子面带微笑，邓恩感到很幸运。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10个空，每空1.5分，共15分) (2024·年石家庄高中教学质量检测) As a boy，I spent much time in London.One of the joys was spending weekends 1________(bicycle) to Kew Gardens，famous for housing the world's 2________ (large) greenhouses.The importance of the gardens cannot be underestimated—some of the samples 3________ (bring) back by Charles Darwin are still alive. However，it was the pagoda(宝塔) 4________ always fascinated me.Years ago，I went to China.Whenever I'm back to London，I always pay it a visit. The pagoda was designed by William Chambers，a British architect who had been to China at least twice.The 10－storey octagonal(八边形的)pagoda，which is 163 feet high，5________ (complete)in 1762.Purists，however，argue that pagodas should always，have 6________ odd number of floors.The original building was very colorful and the roofs were covered with iron plates，with a dragon on each corner.The iron plates were later replaced and the dragons 7________ (subsequent) disappeared.Since then，there have been several 8________ (restoration)，mainly to the roofs，but the original colors and the dragons have not been replaced. Nowadays，being more familiar 9________ Chinese pagodas，I feel it seems somewhat odd.But for a boy who would later have a quarter century career in China，the pagoda remains an 10________ (inspire)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了伦敦的中式宝塔。 1．bicycling　考查非谓语动词。spend ...(in) doing意为“花……做某事”，是固定搭配，此处的bicycle作动词讲，意为“骑自行车”，故填bicycling。 2．largest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前world's可知，空处应用形容词最高级修饰名词greenhouses，故填largest。 3．brought　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词samples，bring和其逻辑主语samples之间为动宾关系，且此处表示动作已经完成，故填brought。 4．that　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，此处去掉it was和设空处句子依然完整，故此处考查强调句，即it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分。此处强调主语the pagoda，表示物，故填that。 5．was completed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，此处陈述过去的事情，且主语pagoda和complete之间是被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语是pagoda，表示第三人称单数，故填was completed。 6．an　考查不定冠词。odd number“奇数”前无限定词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰；odd的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 7．subsequently　考查词性转换。句中disappeared为动词，修饰动词应用所给词的副词形式，故填subsequently。 8．restorations　考查名词的单复数。此处为there be句型，空处作主语，根据空前的have been可知，主语为复数形式，故填restorations。 9．with　考查介词。be familiar with为固定短语，表示“对……熟悉”。 10．inspiration　考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知，此处应用名词的单数形式，故填inspiration。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$