必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

一、速背分类单词——付出点滴 收获无限 背阅读单词 1．drought n.　　　　 旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n. 飓风 3．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 4．volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 5．landscape n. 风景，景色 6．weed n. 野草；海藻 7．deer n. 鹿 8．insect n. 昆虫 9．whale n. 鲸 10．dolphin n. 海豚 11．shark n. 鲨(鱼) 12．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 13．eagle n. 鹰 14．fox n. 狐狸 15．jungle n. (热带)丛林 16．whirlpool n. 旋涡 17．descent n.　　　　下降，下落 18．tidal adj. 潮汐的，潮水的 19．barrel n. 桶 20．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 21．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 22．lamp n. 灯 23．sledge n. 雪橇 24．ski n. 滑雪板 vi. 滑雪 25．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 26．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 27．tent n. 帐篷 28．brochure n. 小册子 29．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 30．metal n. 金属 31．skiing n. 滑雪运动 32．originality n. 独创性；创造力 背拓展单词 1．eruption n.　　　 爆发 erupt v. 爆发；喷出 2．ecology n. 生态；生态学 ecological adj. 生态学的；生态的 3．poetry n. 诗歌；作诗的艺术 poem n. 诗；诗歌 poet n. 诗人 4．mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物 mysterious adj. 神秘的；不可思议的 5．horrible adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 horror n. 恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事 horribly adv. 害怕地；可怕地；极其地 6．observation n. 观察；观察结果 observe v. 观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 7．interrupt vi.& vt. 打断讲话 interruption n. 打断，打扰；中断时间 8．death n. 死，死亡 die v. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的 dead adj. 失去生命的；不再使用的 9．loss n. 丧失；死亡 lose vt. 失去；丢失；使迷路 lost adj. 丢失的；迷路的 10.operation n.　　　 行动，活动；手术；操作 operate v. 运转；做手术；操作 operator n. 接线员；操作者 11．conduct vt. 实施；执行；进行 vi.& vt. 指挥 conductor n. 指挥；售票员 12．protection n. 保护；防护 protect v. 保护；防护 protective adj. 保护的；防护的 13．breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的，喘不过气的 breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 14．explorer n. 探险者；勘察者 explore v. 探索；探究；勘察 exploration n. 探索；探究；勘察 15．preparation n. 预备，准备 prepare v. 准备；预备 16．ambition n. 抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ambitious adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的 17．cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 cheer v. 使高兴；欢呼 n. 欢呼声 第一组　会写——力求写准记牢 1．disaster n.　　 灾难；灾祸 2．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 3．comment n. 评论；意见 4．crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的 5．living adj. 活的，活着的 6．soil n. 土壤 7．climate n. 气候 8．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲 9．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 10．million n. 百万 11．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 12．title n. 题目，标题 vt. 加标题 13．wave n. 海浪；波涛；(情感的)一阵 14．float vi. 浮；漂 15．file n. 档案，卷宗 16．soul n. 灵魂 17．edge n. 边缘 18．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援 19．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 20．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中 21．damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害 22．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 23．site n. 场所，地点 24．process n. 过程，进程 25．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 26．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 27．suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 28．nearby adv. 附近 29．dust n. 灰尘；尘埃 30．captain n. 上校；队长；组长 31．base n. 基地，大本营；基础 vt. 以……为基地 32．distant adj. 久远的；遥远的 33．shelter n. 避难所 34．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 35．scary adj. 可怕的，恐怖的 36．harmless adj. 无害的 第二组　会用——突出活学活用 1.flood n.洪水；水灾　vi.淹没；大量涌入　vt.使灌满水；淹没 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)a flood of...　　　 一大批…… in floods of tears 泪如雨下 (2)flood in/into/out of 大量涌入；蜂拥而出 表“情感”的名词＋flood over sb 某人/深感…… come flooding back 涌上心头，涌入脑海； 潮水般涌来 ①Sweet memories came flooding back and Jane was in floods of tears. 甜蜜的回忆涌上心头，简哭得泪人似的。(读后续写之情感描写) ②A great sense of relief and pride flooded over my father.我的父亲深感宽慰和骄傲。(读后续写之情感描写) 2.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信　n．震惊；休克 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)in shock　　　　　 震惊地；休克 be numb with shock 震惊得目瞪口呆 (2)be shocked by/at... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do... 因做……而震惊 Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window，he was numb with shock. 看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟，他惊呆了。(读后续写之神态描写) 3.escape vi.&vt.逃离， 逃避　n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)escape (doing) sth 逃避(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱；逃避 (2)escape sb's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 (3)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生 ①The girl looks quite familiar, but her name escapes me. 这个女孩看起来很眼熟，但是我想不起她的名字了。 ②The thief grabbed his cellphone, escaped into the crowds, squeezed onto the bus, and disappeared. 小偷一把抢走他的手机，逃进人群，挤上公交车，不见了。(读后续写之动作细节) 4.survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)survive on　　 靠……生存 ； 靠……维持生活 survive sth 幸免于某事；从 某事中挺过来，活过来 survive sb by＋时间段 比某人多活…… (2)survive from...as... 作为……留存下来 ①Life isn't about how to survive storms, but how to dance in the rain. 生活不在于挺过暴雨，而在于在风雨中起舞。 ②The ancient building survived from the Tang Dynasty as a museum. 这栋古建筑从唐朝留存至今，现被用作了博物馆。 5.frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened at ... 对……感到惊恐 be frightened to death 吓死 (2)frighten v. (使)惊吓；(使)惊 恐；使害怕 (3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的；可 怕的 When I saw a frightening bear opening its bloody mouth，I was frightened to death.I was frightened into standing there，with my hair standing on end. 当我看到一头可怕的熊张着血盆大口，我害怕得要死。我吓得站在那里，头发都竖起来了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) 7.curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)be curious about sth 对某事感到好奇 be curious to do sth 极想做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地 ①If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn't miss the golden opportunity! 如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或想了解它的未来，你一定不要错过这个黄金机会。(话题写作之学校生活) ②Out of curiosity，the little boy peered into the office through the window.出于好奇，这个小男孩透过窗户偷偷朝办公室里看。 二、熟背短语词块——碎片时间 合理运用 1．turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．be covered with 覆盖着…… 3．in the direction of 朝……方向 4．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 5．become curious about 变得对……好奇起来 6．breathe in 吸气 7．run out 用完；耗尽 8．on the way to　　　　　 在去往……的路上 9．in preparation for sth 为某事做准备 10．break down 停止运转，出故障 11．ahead of schedule 提前，先于预定时间 12．be native to 源于……的，原产于 13．be home to 是……的所在地/家园 14．be made up of 由……组成 15．be directed by 由……导演的 16．at one point 一度；在某处；在某一时刻 三、巧背单元佳句——日积月累 激活潜能 1．句式：It takes/took sb some time to do... 原句：It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. 不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。 2．句式：as if引导方式状语从句 原句：I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 3．句式：the＋比较级…，the＋比较级 … 原句：The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 4．句式：全部倒装 原句：Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 5．句式：have difficulty (in) doing sth 原句：The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。 四、多背续写素材——满分佳作 学会用活 情感细节描写之“感激与感动” 1．积累常诵 名词/动词 gratitude, appreciation, thank, move, touch, appreciate 副词/形容词 thankfully, gratefully, thankful, grateful, moved, touched 短语 ①have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激； ②with gratitude/appreciation感激地；③owe sb a lot/a great deal非常感激某人；④be deeply moved/touched by...被……深深感动 流泪 ①shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水；②be moved to tears感动得落泪；③with a lump in one's throat哽咽着 2.背诵表达“感激与激动”的经典范文 Peter was nearly knocking into a passing car when a passer­by pushed him to safety.With grateful tears/tears of gratitude welling up in his eyes and a lump in his throat (神态/语言＋情感词汇), he couldn't stop saying, Thank you so much! But the passer­by just smiled.A feeling of warmth swept/flooded over Peter on the cold day(无灵主语句), he began to believe there was kindness in every corner.It was very moving to see how much strangers could care for each other.Touched/Moved deeply，the crowd cheered and clapped(非谓语动词作状语).Later, learning what had happened, Peter's mother shed tears of joy and gratitude.(神态＋情感词汇) 重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．drought n.　 　　 旱灾，干旱 2．hurricane n. 飓风 3．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方 4．landscape n. 风景，景色 5．weed n. 野草；海藻 6．deer n. 鹿 7．insect n. 昆虫 8．whale n. 鲸 9．dolphin n. 海豚 10．shark n. 鲨(鱼) 11．kangaroo n. 袋鼠 12．eagle n. 鹰 13．fox n. 狐狸 14．jungle n. (热带)丛林 15．descent n. 下降，下落 16．tidal adj. 潮汐的，潮水的 17.barrel n.　 　　　 桶 18．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度 19．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 20．lamp n. 灯 21．sledge n. 雪橇 22．ski n. 滑雪板 vi. 滑雪 23．polar adj. 极地的，地极的 24．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆 25．tent n. 帐篷 26．brochure n. 小册子 27．aftershock n. (地震的)余震 28．metal n. 金属 29．skiing n. 滑雪运动 30．originality n. 独创性；创造力 31．file n. 档案，卷宗 核心词汇写其形 1．disaster n.　　 灾难；灾祸 2．flood n. 洪水，水灾 3．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物 4．crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满人的 5．living adj. 活的，活着的 6．soil n. 土壤 7．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用 8．wave n. 海浪；波涛；(情感的) 一阵 9．escape vi.& vt 逃离；逃避 10．float vi. 浮；漂 11．soul n. 灵魂 12．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援 13．attempt n．& vt. 努力，尝试，企图 14．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国 15．site n. 场所，地点 16．process n. 过程，进程 17．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗 18．duty n. 职责，义务；责任 19．suffering n. (肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 20．nearby adv. 附近 21．dust n. 灰尘；尘埃 22.captain n.　　　 上校；队长；组长 23．base n. 基地，大本营；基础 vt. 以……为基地 24．distant adj. 久远的；遥远的 25．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色 的 26．harmless adj. 无害的 27.My dad commented(评论) on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. 28．(2023·浙江1月卷)Initially，I attended a lecture(讲座)on the flower project.The lecturer asked us to write a review on it. 29．(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)It's my honour to stand here and address my speech titled(标题为) “Be smart online learners”． 30．Millions (数百万) of people are infected with malaria every year and about six hundred thousand people die of it for lack of medicine. 31．Immediate measures (措施) should be taken as soon as possible to stop the river from further pollution. 32．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)Covering about 71% of the Earth's surface, the oceans can regulate the climate(气候) and make it livable for humans. 33．The government built many shelters (避难所) for the homeless people whose houses were destroyed in the earthquake. 34.Personally speaking, your comment(评论) is very brief and to the point. 35．Some young villagers volunteered to rescue (救援) those trapped in the snowy mountain. 36．The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds caused great damage (损坏) to his crops. 拓展词汇通其变 1.eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发；喷出 2．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人 3．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事→horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地 4．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守 5．equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等地→equality n．平等 6．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间 7．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的 8．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者 9．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员 10．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的 11．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索；探究；勘察→exploration n．探索；探究；勘察 12．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备；预备 13．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的 14．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼n.欢呼声 15．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据 16．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的 17．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.诚挚地 18 disappearance n．消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝→appear vi.出现linking v．看来；似乎 19.Seeing the frightening scene，the little girl was frightened to death and cried with a frightened expression on her face. (frighten) 20．It is normal for children to be curious about everything.They will ask many questions curiously and we should answer them patiently to meet their curiosity. (curious) 21．People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around.(shock) 22．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.(dead) 23．Yesterday，I climbed the mountain top to breathe the fresh air.Although I became breathless when I was on the top，the breath of fresh air was worth it.(breath) 24．After the first failure，the twins were so anxious that tears of anxiety rolled down their cheeks.(anxious) 25．The brave boy jumped into the river bravely to save the drowning girl，and we all praised him for his bravery．(brave) 26．Seeing the scary wolf，children were very scared，but some adults managed to scare the beast off.(scare) 27．The meeting room is quite crowded，with a lot of people crowding in it.(crowd) 28．Thanks to the swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors. (survive) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 再用准 第一组 1．turn one's back (on sb/sth)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 2．in the direction of 朝……方向 3．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) 4．at (a) great speed 高速地 5．be/become curious about 对……感到好奇 6．in the end 最后 7．as a result 结果 第二组 8．pick up 去接(某人)；拿起；拾起；捡起 9．breathe in 吸气 10．run out 用完；耗尽 11．on the way to ... 在去往……的路上 12．have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难 13．break down 停止运转，出故障 14．make progress 稳步前进；取得进步 15．in the history of 在……的历史进程中 选用左栏短语填空 1．It was the bright smile on her face that broke down my feeling of embarrassment, so we began talking happily. 2．She looked in the direction of the window，but there was nothing more than the deep darkness. 3．I am wondering whether you can pick him up at the airport at your convenience. 4．He walked into the woods and breathed in slowly and deeply. 5．We finally reached a small hotel but unfortunately，we found our money had run out． 6．With the help of his classmates, Peter got used to the new life and gradually made progress in his studies. 后缀­ful形容词一览 “看”之高频词集锦 “v.＋down”短语聚焦 ①cheer→ cheerful 兴高采 烈的 ②success→ successful 成功的 ③power→ powerful 强大的 ④meaning→ meaningful有意义的 ⑤peace→ peaceful 和平的 ⑥stress→ stressful 有压力的 ⑦harm→ harmful 有害的 ①observe vt.　　 观察；注意 ②stare vi.& n. 凝视 ③glance vi.& n. 扫视 ④witness vt.& n. 目击(者) ⑤watch vt. 看 ⑥glare vi.& n. 怒目而视 ⑦spot vt. 发现；认出 ①break down停止运转，出 故障 ②put down 放下；写下 ③turn down 调低；拒绝 ④cut down 削减；砍倒 ⑤bring down 降低；打倒 ⑥die down 逐渐变弱， 逐渐消失 ⑦set down 放下；记下 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型公式1：as if引导方式状语从句 教材原句：I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 1.既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。 Nervous and frightened，I felt as if I were sitting on pins and needles． 句型公式2：the reason why...is/was that … As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. 如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。 2.人们庆祝端午节的原因是为了纪念屈原，一位伟大的中国诗人。 The reason why people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival is that they honor Qu Yuan，a great Chinese poet. 句型公式3：全部倒装 教材原句：Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。 3.在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。 In front of our teaching building stand two big trees，which add to the beauty of our school. 句型公式 4：the＋比较级 …，the＋比较级 … 教材原句：The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell. 第一，物体越大，下落越快。 4.我参加采摘活动的时间越长，我就越意识到工作的重要性。(活动介绍，2020·全国卷Ⅱ) The more time I spent participating in this picking activity, the more I was aware of the significance of work． 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 1.shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．休克；打击；震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的　shocking adj.令人震惊的) (1)be a shock to... 对……而言是一件震惊的事 in shock 吃惊地，震惊地 (2)be shocked that... 对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. ②卡瑞娜被我的刻薄言辞震惊了，她惊恐地盯着我，一句话也说不出来。(读后续写之恐惧描写) Shocked by my mean words, Karina stared at me in horror and failed to say a word. ③The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.(2020·浙江卷读后续写) →The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in，which shocked Elli and me/ which made Elli and me shocked．(定语从句) →What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.(what引导主语从句) 2. escape vi.&vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避 (1)escape from　　 从……逃脱，从……逃跑 escape (doing) sth　 避开(做)某事 escape being done sth 逃避(被)做某事 (3)have a narrow escape 死里逃生　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①You are lucky enough to escape being killed (kill) in the accident.Now, the escaped (escape) driver has been arrested. ②最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。(2020·浙江7月卷读后续写) At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear. ③While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but I couldn't remember his name, which made me embarrassed. →While shopping, I came across one of my former classmates, but his name escaped me/my memory, which made me embarrassed. 【点拨】　 不一样的“忘记，遗忘”： (1)sth escapes(s) sb 　　　某人遗忘某事　　　(2)sb forget(s) sth 　　 某人忘记某 3. survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者　survival n．幸存；生还) survive on　　 靠……存活下来 survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① I opened the door and surprisingly found an old lady standing in the storm with just a thin coat, clearly not enough to survive(survive) the snowstorm. ②Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years. ③We will do everything in our power to help those survivors(survive) in the Tornado. ④生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之主旨升华) Life isn't about how to survive the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. 4. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的(curiously adv.好奇地　curiosity n．好奇心) (1)be curious about sth 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth 好奇地做某事；极想做某事 (2)with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ① It is good to be curious about the world around us because I think curiosity (curious)is the best teacher. ②I'd be curious to know(know) what were the early connections in your life that led you into the art field.(2022·全国乙卷) ③Curiously(curious), it replied with a short chirp as if it understood what she was saying.　 ④我们不仅获得了快乐和有关自然世界的知识，而且我们都充满好奇心地探索我们周围的环境。(2023·浙江卷应用文) We not only gained recreation and relevant knowledge about the natural world but we all explored our surroundings with curiosity． 5. equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的 n．同等的人；相等物 v．与……相等，等于 vt.比得上(equally adv.同等地；公平地　equality n．平等；相等) (1)be without equal＝have no equal　 无与伦比 (2)be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 (3)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I am convinced that I am equal to being (be)a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. (应用文之申请信) ②Long­lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal)contact and share with one another.(2022·全国乙卷) ③首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。此外，我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文之申请信) Firstly，nobody can equal me in oral English．In addition, I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair. 6. attempt n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图(attempted adj.未遂的) (1)attempt to do/(at) doing...　　　　　 尝试(试图)做…… (2)make an attempt to do/(at) doing... 尝试做…… at the first attempt 第一次尝试　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Soon the tea room became lively with every international student attempting(attempt) to make their own tea. ② If you fail at the first attempt, there is no need to be upset about it. ③我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。(2022·浙江6月卷读后续写) I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people，but I was all thumbs.I frowned anxiously. 7. measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 n．措施；尺寸，程度 (1)measure...by...　　　 用……来度量…… make...to sb's measure 给某人量身定做…… (2)take measures/steps/action to do sth 采取措施做某事　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We rode along the river measuring(measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.(浙江卷读后续写) ②It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be measured (measure) only by examination results. ③因此，是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) Therefore, it is high time that we took measures to protect the oceans． 8. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸，呼气(breath n．呼吸　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的) breathe in/out　　　　 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 catch one's breath 喘息；平复呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath 喘不过气来　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Furthermore, oceans，which are “the lungs of our planet”， provide most of the oxygen we breathe(breath).(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ②当我领奖时，我的心怦怦直跳，我的呼吸哽在喉咙里，泪水盈眶。(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) When I accepted the award, my heart skipped a beat, my breath caught in my throat, and tears filled my eyes. ③安一路跑到学校，终于上气不接下气地到了教室。(读后续写之动作描写) Running all the way to school, Ann made it to her classroom, out of breath/breathless． 9. anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地(anxious adj.焦急的；焦虑的，担心的　anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，担心；渴望) (1)be anxious 　 为……担忧 be anxious to do/that... 渴望做…… (3)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦急地　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Children are the focus of families，so it is natural for parents to be anxious about their children's future. ②他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。(读后续写之心理描写) He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been sitting on pins and needles. ③天色渐暗，他感到一阵不安。(读后续写之情感细节) As the sky gradually darkened, a wave of anxiety seized/flooded over/swept over him． 10. observe vt.观察，注意；注视；遵守；庆祝；观测 (1)observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事 observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察…… (2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节　　 练透——猜测下列句中observe的含义/完成句子 ①Moreover，a rice expert even instructed us to observe the growth process of the hybrid rice.(2023·浙江1月卷) 观察 ②Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守 ③However far it is，Chinese people will return to their home to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝 ④在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地观看太阳从海上升起。 On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed the sun rising from the sea. 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 1. run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态) run out of　 用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐；追求 run into 撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) run for 竞选；匆匆去取　　 练透——用run的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①She has run out of all her money and her patience is also running out． ②The moment we ran across/into a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and ran after it without hesitation. ③Learning that you are running for the position of chairman of the Student Council, I am writing to inform you of some do's and don'ts.(应用文之建议信) ④我已经失去了所有的耐心，我开始勃然大怒。(读后续写之情绪描写) I had run out of all my patience and I began to explode with anger. 2. break down停止运转，出故障；(身体等)垮掉；使分解；(谈判)失败 break away (from)　 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 break up 驱散；分散；打碎；分手 break into 闯入 break out 爆发；发生 break through 取得突破；克服　　 练透——写出下列句中break down的含义/完成句子 ①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.　 (谈判)失败 ②If Tom carries on working like this, he will break down sooner or later. (身体)垮掉 ③The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, which made my dad in trouble. (机器)损坏，出故障 ④Because of the conflict，the relationship between the two countries has broken down.破裂 ⑤如果你想消除误会，你应该当面向她道歉。 If you want to break down the misunderstanding, you should apologise to her face to face. 3. 句型公式：the＋比较级…，the＋比较级 … 教材原句：The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell.第一， 物体越大，下落越快。 (1)the＋比较级…，the＋比较级… 越……，就越…… (2)the more...，the less... 越……，就越不…… the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The more you practise, the better (well) you can understand. ②Jane在森林里走得越远，她就越紧张焦虑。(读后续写之心理描写) The further Jane went in the forest，the more nervous and anxious she became. ③她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。(读后续写之心理描写) The more she thought about it，the more frightened she felt，her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly. 4. 句型公式：完全倒装 教材原句：Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.然后漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 (1)out, in, into, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 (2)当作表语的介词短语、形容词、分词提到系动词前面时，句子要全部倒装，构成“介词短语/形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。　　 练透——完成句子/句式升级 ①然后是一场关于通用语言——音乐的基础知识的讲座。(倒装句) Then came a lecture centered on basic knowledge of the universal language—music. ②我的搭档躺在床上，既虚弱又忧心忡忡。(2022·浙江卷读后续写) Lying on the bed was my partner, weak and worried. ③A small stream lined by trees runs at the foot of the mountain. →At the foot of the mountain runs a small stream lined by trees.(倒装) 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．Louise's dream of finding her rescuers (rescue) came true and now that she'd reunited with them, she hoped to stay connected forever. 2．Trapped(trap) in a net around the rock, the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air. 3．He was at a great loss(lose), wondering where his future was. 4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Seeing his figure disappearing(disappear) into thick evergreen forest, I felt relieved. 5．Her daughter was in the passenger seat and looked extremely confused and frightened (frighten). 6．Out of curiosity(curious)，the girl pressed the red button of the device regardless of the warning. 7．My cousin，who is addicted (addict) to computer games，has difficulty concentrating (concentrate) on his academic work. 8．Rescue workers built many shelters(shelter) for survivors whose homes had been destroyed by the earthquake. 9．She greeted me with a cheerful(cheer) smile, which made me feel good and my nervousness disappeared. 10．The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less(little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. 11．With my money running out，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)John went back to observing nature and asking questions.vt.观察 2．Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？vt. 留存 3．When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back. v．大量涌入 4．She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock.n.休克 5．(2022·全国乙卷)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.n.运行；操作 6．He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury.n.赔偿金 7．根据语境选出conduct的含义 A．vt.引导　B．vi.& vt.指挥　C．vt.传导(热或电等能量)　　　D．vt.实施，执行 E．vt.表现，举止 (1)In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety. D (2) The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. E (3) The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. A (4) Most metals can conduct electricity. C (5) Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. B 维度3　完成句子 1．参与的人越多，海洋环境就会越好。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 2．我不能和你一起去书店的原因是明天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。(应用文之道歉信) The reason why I can't go with you to the bookstore is that I have an important meeting to attend tomorrow afternoon. 3．由于精力和耐心耗尽，简不再沿着小溪散步，她睡着了。(读后续写之动作描写) Running out of energy and patience, Jane gave up her walking along the stream and fell asleep. 4．另一方面，要积极开朗，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同样重要。(应用文之建议信) For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health． 5．最重要的是，我精通英语，所以我与他人沟通没有困难。(应用文之申请信) Above all, I have a good command of English, so I have no difficulty in communicating with others． 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1.应用文写作提分练(征文投稿——Youth庆祝创刊十周年) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．几个月前，我第一次读《Youth》时，有一种想一口气读完的冲动。 The first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago, I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath. 2．老实说，我以前在学好英语方面有困难。一般来说，我过去常常要花大约15分钟才能读完一篇文章。 To be honest，I had difficulty in learning English well before.Generally，it used to take me about 15 minutes to finish reading a passage. 3．《Youth》仿佛是一个神奇的工具，使我的英语水平迅速提高。(as if) Youth has made my English level improve rapidly as if it were a magical tool. 4．它之所以受到学生的欢迎，原因是它涵盖了我们青少年感兴趣的新闻。(the reason why...is that...) The reason why it is popular with students is that it covers the news we teenagers are interested in. 5．最受欢迎的专栏之一是“我们周围的榜样”，它讲述了我们学校优秀学生的故事，并且激励着我们更努力地学习。(倒装) Among the most loved columns is Role Models Around Us，which tells the stories of excellent students in our school，and inspires us to study harder. 6．我读得越多，我的阅读速度越快。(the＋比较级 …，the＋比较级 …) The more I read it，the faster I can read. 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) Believe it or not, the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months ago, I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath.To be honest，I had difficulty in learning English well before.Generally，it used to take me about 15 minutes to finish reading a passage.However, Youth has made my English level improve rapidly as if it were a magical tool.The reason why it is popular with students is that it covers the news we teenagers are interested in.Besides, among the most loved columns is Role Models Around Us，which tells the stories of excellent students in our school，and inspires us to study harder.The more I read it，the faster I can read. Part 2.读后续写之场景描写——救人脱困 Ⅰ.主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．scared/frightened/terrified adj.　　 感到害怕的 2．scary/frightening/terrifying adj. 令人害怕的 3．scare/frighten/terrify vt. 使害怕 4．rescue vt. 营救 5．aid/help/assist vt.　 帮助 6．survive vt. 幸存 7．revive/recover vt. 恢复 8．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 主题语境词块 1．fear and nervousness　　 害怕和紧张 2．get back on one's feet 重新站起来 3．take a deep breath 深呼吸 4．calm down　　　　 镇静下来 5．keep still 保持静止 Ⅱ.基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．丹尼斯正在家熟睡的时候，突然一个很大的声音把他吵醒了。(be doing...when...) Dennis was sleeping soundly at home when a loud sound woke him up． 2．他从卧室的窗户向外看去，注意到一辆翻倒的车下窜出火焰。(v.­ing作状语) Looking out of his bedroom window，he noticed flames shooting out from under an upside­down vehicle. 3．他从床上起来，打了紧急电话，抓起灭火器，跑向那辆不能运行的汽车。(动词的联动；v.­ing作状语) He got up, made an emergency call and grabbed the fire extinguisher, running to the disabled car． 4．接近那辆车，眼前的情况让他非常震惊，一名年轻男子被卡在车内，遭受着极大的痛苦。(v.­ing 作状语；where引导定语从句；介词短语作状语) Approaching the vehicle，he was shocked at the situation where a young man was stuck/trapped in the car, in extremely pain． 5．丹尼斯毫不犹豫地开始行动。灭火器连续喷了两下，火被扑灭了。 Without hesitation，Dennis started to act.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out． 6．他告诉年轻人不要动，以防止他伤着他的脖子。(in case引导从句) He told the young man to stay still in case he injured his neck． 7．不久，医生们来了，丹尼斯感到非常欣慰。(副词作状语；relieve) Shortly after，the doctors arrived and Dennis felt greatly relieved． 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇) Dennis was sleeping soundly at home when a loud sound woke him up.Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed flames shooting out from under an upside­down vehicle.Immediately, he got up, made an emergency call and grabbed the fire extinguisher, running to the disabled car.Approaching the vehicle, he was shocked at the situation where a young man was stuck in the car, in extremely pain.Without hesitation, Dennis started to act.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.Then，he told the young man to stay still in case he injured his neck.Shortly after, the doctors arrived and Dennis felt greatly relieved. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$