必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（北师大版2019）

　　　 一、速背分类单词——付出点滴 收获无限 背阅读单词 1．app n.　　　　　　 应用程序 2．self­focused adj. 以自我为中心的；关注自我的 3．download vt. 下载 4．avatar n. (网络上代表个人的)头像，虚拟替身，图标 5．identity n. 身份；特征 6．2D (2­dimensional) adj. 二维的 7．sex n. 性别 8．sensible adj. 朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 9．blog n. 博客；网络日志 vi. 写博客 10．hairstyle n. 发型，发式 11．virtual adj. 虚拟的；模拟的 12．subscribe vi. 订阅，订购 13．VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实 14．AR (Augmented Reality)增强现实 15．MR (Mixed Reality)　 混合现实 16．software n. 计算机软件 17．device n. 设置，装置 18．mobile device 移动设备 19．button n. 按钮 20．gender n. 性别 21．goods n. 商品 22．error n. 错误；失误 23．trivial adj. 没有什么价值的；微不足道的 24．tablet n. 平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 25．emoji n. 表情符号 26．thought­provoking adj. 发人深省的，令人深思的 27．authority n. 权威人士；专家 28．profile n. 人物简介；传略 29．fantasy n. 幻想作品 30．digitise vt. 把……转变成数字形式，使……数字化 31．sailor n. 水手，海员 32．wristband n. 腕带 背拓展单词 1．enable vt.　　 使可能，使发生；使能够 able adj. 有能力的，能干的 disable vt. 使残疾；使失去能力 disabled adj. 残疾的；丧失能力的 2．convenience n. 方便，便利 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 3．recommendation n. 建议，提议；推荐 recommend vt. 建议；推荐 4．explore vt. 探险；探究；探讨 explorer n. 探险家；考察者 exploration n. 探险；探索 5．personality n. 个性，性格 personal adj. 个人的 person n. 人 6．alarm n. 闹钟；惊恐，惊慌 vt. 使惊恐 alarming adj. 使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的 alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的 7．variety n.　　　　　 多样化，变化 various adj. 各种各样的；千差万别的 vary vi. 不同；变化 varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 8．creativity n. 创造力；独创性 create vt. 创造 creative adj. 创造性的 creation n. 创造(物) 9．obviously adv. 明显地，显而易见地 obvious adj. 明显的 10．accommodation n. 住处；住宿；工作场所 accommodate vt. 为……提供住宿；容纳 11．powerful adj. 效能高的；强有力的；强壮的；有权势的 power n. 能力；力量；权力；电力供应 12．latest adj. 最新的；最近的 late adj. 晚的；迟到的 lately adv. 最近；不久前 13.reality n.　　　　　 现实；真实 real adj. 真实的；真正的 really adv. 真正地 14.account n. 账户 accountant n. 会计(员)；会计师 15.deliver vi.& vt. 递送；传送；使分娩 delivery n. 递送；配送；分娩 16.rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的 reward vt.& n. 报答；回报；奖励 17.addition n. 增添；添加 add vt. 增添；增加；补充说 vi.& vt. (使)相加 additional adj. 附加的；额外的；追加的 additionally adv. 除此之外；此外 18.focus vi.& vt.　　　 集中(注意力) n. 焦点 focused adj. 注意力集中的 19.limiting adj. 局限的，限制性的 limit vt.& n. 限制 limited adj. 有限的 20.location n. 地点；位置 located adj. 位于 locate vt. 找出……的位置；使……坐落(于) 21.optional adj. 可选择的；非强制的 option n. 选择 22.imaginary adj. 想象的，虚构的 imagine v. 想象 imagination n. 想象(力)；创造力 imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；创新的 第一组　会写——力求写准记牢 1．impact n.　　　　　　 影响；作用 2．addicted adj. 对……着迷的；沉迷的 3．indeed adv. 确实；当然 4．super adj. 极好的，了不起的 5．image n. 图像；形象 6．fancy adj. 花哨的；别致的 7．experiment vi.& vt. 做试验，进行实验 n. 实验 8．nowadays adv. 现今，现时 9．selection n. 选择；供选择的同类物品 10．type vi.& vt. 打；打字 n. 类型，种类 11．cheat vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 欺骗行为；骗子 12．ensure vt. 确保，保证 13．material n. 材料；素材 14．confirm vt. 确认；证实 15．hug n．& vt. 拥抱；紧抱 16．content n. 内容 17．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 18．percent n. 百分比；百分数 19．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 20．maintain vt. 保持；维持 21．smartphone n. 智能手机 22．brief adj. 简洁的，简明的 23．series n. 系列 24．author n. 作者，作家 25．amazing adj. 了不起的；惊人的 26．policy n. 政策，方针 第二组　会用——突出活学活用 1.effect n. 效应，影响 背重点 背写作佳句 have an effect on/upon...　 对……有影响 come into effect/take effect 生效；起作用 bring/put...into effect 使……生效 be of no effect 无效果的 side effect 副作用 ①Our future career has a great effect on our life, which requires our deep consideration.(2024·厦门市毕业班考前模拟) 我们未来的职业对我们的生活有很大的影响，这需要我们深思熟虑。 ②Because of the greenhouse effect，the earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere. 由于温室效应，大气中的气体使地球变暖。 2.admit vi.& vt.(admitted; admitted; admitting)承认　vt.准许进入(或加入) 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)be admitted as... 作为……被接受 be admitted into/to...被录取；被接收 It's admitted that... 人们公认…… (2)admit sb/sth as/to be... 承认某人/某事为/是…… admit doing/having done... 承认做了…… (3)admission n. 允许进入；入场费 ①It is widely admitted that Fan Zhongyan is one of the most influential Chinese historical figures. 人们普遍认为，范仲淹是中国最有影响力的历史人物之一。 ②The upcoming Chinese speech contest is admitted to be a good chance for foreigners to improve their oral Chinese.(2020·浙江1月卷应用文) 即将到来的汉语演讲比赛被认为是外国人提高汉语口语的好机会。 3.trick vt.欺骗； 诱骗，哄骗　n．诀窍；计谋；把戏 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人 the/a trick of doing sth 做某事的诀窍 (2)trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 trick sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 ①People should respect everyone and don't play tricks on the disabled.人们应该尊重每个人，不能捉弄残疾人。 ②Some criminals may trick you into letting out your personal information when you surf the Internet. 当你上网时，一些犯罪分子可能会诱骗你泄露你的个人信息。 4.concern n．担忧，忧虑　vt.与……有关；使担心 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)concern oneself with/about sth 　　　　　　关心/担心某事 (2)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心 (3)be concerned about/for... 关心/担心…… be concerned with... 与……有关；关注…… as far as sb/sth be concerned 就某人/某事而言 ① As far as I'm concerned, online learning is convenient and time­saving, allowing us to learn anytime and anywhere we like.(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) 依我看，网络学习方便省时，可以让我们随时随地学习。 ②What concerned the children was whether Bernard could sell all the popcorn out.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) 让孩子们担心的是伯纳德是否能卖完所有的爆米花。 5.view vt. 看；把……视为；欣赏　n. 视野；景色；看法 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)have/get a good view of... 清楚地看到；饱览 come into view 进入视野；看得见 in one's view/from one's point of view 在某人看来 (2)view...as... 把……看作…… be viewed as... 被看作…… ①I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和我的朋友们走到山顶，在那里我们欣赏了湖泊的壮丽景色。 ②I hold the firm view that whatever clubs we choose, we should learn to relax ourselves besides concentrating on our studies.我坚信，无论我们选择什么俱乐部，我们都应该学会在集中精力学习的同时放松自我。 6.press vt.按；压；敦促 n．新闻界 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)press a button/switch　 按下按钮/开关 press sth against... 把……贴在…… press sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事 (2)a press conference 新闻发布会 (3)under pressure 在压力之下 ①Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity.在朋友和亲戚的催促下，我决定抓住这个机会。 ②He pressed his nose against the window and narrowed his eyes and glanced down at the pavement.他把鼻子贴在了窗户上，眯起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。(读后续写之动作描写) 7.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于　n．帮助；恩惠；赞同 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)ask a favour of sb 　 请某人帮忙(照顾) 帮某人忙 (2)in sb's favour 对某人有利的 in favour of 支持；赞同 ①I was wondering if you could do me a favour by guiding us to revise a short play. 我想知道你是否能帮我一个忙，指导我们改编一部短剧。(应用文之求助信) ②It turns out that students favour the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) 事实证明，在英语学习方面，学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。 8.harm n.&vt.伤害；损害 背重点 背写作佳句 (1)harm one's health/image/reputation 　　　　　 损害某人的健康/形象/名誉 (2)do/cause harm to sb ＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 (3)harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to...对……有害 ①For the benefit of people, the local government closed down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment. 为了人民的利益，当地政府已经关闭了一些对环境有极大危害的工厂。 ②As is known to all, smoking is harmful to health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 9.argument n.论点；论据；争论；争辩 背重点 背写作佳句 (1) beyond argument　 无可争辩 have an argument with sb (about/over sth) (针对某事)与某人争吵 (2)argue for/against 据理主张/反对 argue that ... 主张…… argue with sb on/about/over sth 与某人争辩某事 argue/talk/persuade sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ①I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need. 我认为我们每个人都应当尽力去帮助那些有困难的人。 ②About the Internet, there have been heated arguments over the effects on our lives. 关于互联网对我们生活的影响已经产生了热烈的争论。 二、熟背短语词块——碎片时间 合理运用 1．be addicted to　　　　　沉迷 2．a variety of 各种各样的 3．enable sb to do... 使某人能够做…… 4．instead of 代替 5．more or less 或多或少 6．be concerned with 关注…… 7．in addition　　　　　 除此之外 8．focus on 关注 9．compare to 与……相比；把……比作 10．not necessarily 不一定 11．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 12．on the move 在行进中；在移动中 三、巧背单元佳句——日积月累 激活潜能 1．句式：while引导让步状语从句 原句：While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 2．句式：it 作形式宾语 原句：According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或难以对他人表示善意。 3．句式：“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句 原句：You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 4．句式：That is why... 原句：That's why I believe that books about foreign cultures or imaginary worlds are the best! 那就是为什么我认为关于外国文化或想象世界的书是最好的！ 四、多背续写素材——满分佳作 学会用活 情感细节描写之“恐惧、惊恐” 1．积累常诵 形容词 (短语) afraid, alarmed, scared, scary, frightened, frightening, fearful, panicked, terrified, terrifying ①be scared out of one's wits吓得魂不附体；②be seized with panic惊慌失措；③be numb with fear吓呆 动/名词 panic, tremble/shake发抖， sweat出汗；fear, scare, fright, frighten, terror 头发；脸 ①(make) one's hair stand on end (使)某人毛骨悚然； ②(face) turns white/pale (脸)变得苍白； ③be dead with fright吓得面无人色 眼睛； 嘴巴 ①(eyes) full of/filled with horror (眼里)满是恐惧； ②let out a scream of terror 发出恐怖的尖叫 心 ①heart raced/beat/pounded wildly/violently with fear心吓得怦怦跳； ②one's heart in one's mouth心提到嗓子眼； ③one's heart stuck in one's throat心卡在嗓子眼；④blood froze血液凝固 2.背诵表达“惊恐、害怕”的经典范文(2020·浙江卷读后续写) You could hardly imagine how frightened we were at the approach of the polar bear.A burst of horror held me entirely in its power, and I turned pale.I turned to my wife, my eyes filled with/full of terror(独立主格).A look of terror flashed across her face.At the sight of the polar bear's bloody mouth, she was dead with fright.Waves of fear swept over us.Our hearts pounded violently with fear. 重点单词　分类记忆　——多积累 平时多输入 用时顺手出 阅读词汇知其意 1．app n.　　　　　 应用程序 2．self­focused adj. 以自我为中心的；关注自我的 3．download vt. 下载 4．identity n. 身份；特征 5．sex n. 性别 6．sensible adj. 朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 7．blog n. 博客；网络日志 vi. 写博客 8．hairstyle n. 发型，发式 9．virtual adj. 虚拟的；模拟的 10．subscribe vi. 订阅，订购 11．software n. 计算机软件 12．device n. 设置，装置 13.mobile device　　 移动设备 14．button n. 按钮 15．gender n. 性别 16．goods n. 商品 17．error n. 错误；失误 18．tablet n. 平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 19．emoji n. 表情符号 20．thought­provoking adj. 发人深省的，令人深思的 21．authority n. 权威人士；专家 22．profile n. 人物简介；传略 23．fantasy n. 幻想作品 24．sailor n. 水手，海员 25．wristband n. 腕带 核心词汇写其形 1．addicted adj. 对……着迷的；沉迷 的 2．super adj. 极好的，了不起的 3．image n. 图像；形象 4．fancy adj. 花哨的；别致的 5．trick vt. 欺骗，诱骗，哄骗 n. 把戏；技巧；诀窍 6．experiment vi.& vt. 做试验，进行实验 n. 实验 7．selection n. 选择；供选择的同类 物品 8．type vi.& vt. 打；打字 n. 类型，种类 9．cheat vt. 欺骗；欺诈 n. 欺骗行为；骗子 10．view vt. 看，把……视为 11．ensure vt. 确保，保证 12．material n. 材料；素材 13．confirm vt. 确认；证实 14．shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 15．percent n. 百分比；百分数 16．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张 17．smartphone n. 智能手机 18 .series n. 系列 19．author n. 作者，作家 20.(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Many great people have an enormous impact (影响) on my growth, one of whom is Lin Qiaozhi. 21．As the old saying goes, “ A friend in need is a friend indeed(确实)”． 22．I'm writing to apologize to you for not being able to attend your lecture on the brief(简洁的) history of English literature tomorrow afternoon. 23．With the development of science and technology，whether human beings will be replaced(替代) by robots in the future is in doubt. 24．I began to cry out from relief, throwing my arms around him and hugging(拥抱) him tightly. 25．I am writing to invite you to give a lecture.Would you please be so kind as to prepare for the content(内容) as follows? 26．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)The moment I appeared at the award presentation, I became the only focus(中心；焦点) in the big hall. 27．I gained a greater appreciation for the role that plants play in maintaining(维持；保持)the balance of our ecosystem. 拓展词汇通其变 1.enable vt.使可能，使发生；使能够→able adj.有能力的，能干的→disable vt.使残疾；使失去能力→disabled adj.残疾的；丧失能力的 2.recommendation n．建议，提议；推荐→recommend vt.建议；推荐 3.explore vt.探险；探究；探讨→explorer n．探险家；考察者→exploration n．探险；探索 4.personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的→person n．人 5.alarm n．闹钟；惊恐，惊慌 vt.使惊恐→alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 6.obviously adv.明显地，显而易见地→obvious adj.明显的 7.concern n．担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心→concerned adj.关切的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 8.latest adj.最新的；最近的→late adj.晚的；迟到的→lately adv.最近；不久前 9.reality n．现实；真实→real adj.真实的；真正的→really adv.真正地 10.account n．账户→accountant n．会计(员)；会计师 11.press vt.按→pressure n．压力 12.deliver vi.& vt.递送；传送；使分娩→delivery n．递送；配送；分娩 13.harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 14.concentrate vi.专注，专心；集中注意力→concentration n．专注；集中 15.addition n．增添；添加→add vt.增添；增加；补充说vi.& vt.(使)相加→additional adj.附加的；额外的；追加的→additionally adv.除此之外；此外 16.imaginary adj.想象的，虚构的→imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象(力)；创造力→imaginative adj.富于想象力的；创新的 17.privacy n．隐私；私密→private adj.私人的；秘密的→privately adv.私下地 18.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) This process requires you to step away from optional (option)online activities for thirty days. 19.(2023·浙江1月卷) Most long­distance trains，especially the sleeping car accommodations (accommodate)，sell out very quickly. 20.(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity (create) and problem­solving skills. 21.Located(locate) where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu contributes more to the Belt and Road Initiative. 22.Mr.White was fed up with arguing with his wife，because argument can't solve any problems.(argue) 23.The effective measures the government has taken will have great effects on people's life.(effect) 24.Though I was not rewarded with money，I felt it rewarding to help those in need.(reward) 25.Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to the outside now.(access) 26.Tom applied for admission to the graduate program at Northwestern University but wasn't admitted into it at last.(admit) 27.Varieties of after­class activities will be held，varying from the English corner to the literature club.So we students can get various experiences.(vary) 28.It's very convenient for me to buy some food because there is a convenience store near my home.(convenient) 29.Based on your current English level，you should try your best to increase your basic knowledge on a daily basis．(base) 30.Last year he came to power and became the most powerful man in the company.(power) 31.Drinking a little is harmless，but too much alcohol will be harmful to your health.(harm) 重点短语　记牢用准　——会积累 平时多联想 用时会拓展 先写对 再用准 第一组 1．be addicted to　　　沉迷 2．a variety of 各种各样的 3．enable sb to do ... 使某人能够做…… 4．instead of 代替 5．more or less 或多或少 6．be concerned with 关心…… 第二组 7．in addition 除此之外 8．focus on 关注 9．compare to 与……相比；把…… 比作 10．not necessarily 不一定 11．stay in touch with 和……保持联系 12．on the move 在行进中；在移动中 选用左栏短语填空 1．Some parents focus on their children's study, ignoring the education of survival skills. 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) In addition, practicing with partners who share similar interests can inspire more in­depth conversations. 3．Not only can I stay in touch with my friends and family through my cell, but I can also gather almost all information on the Internet. 4．Only strong people prefer to smile and value their lives instead of crying and complaining about something. 5．Be concerned with the well­being of the masses and pay attention to working methods. en­/­en前/后缀动词一览 “一字母之差”单词集锦 “be＋动词­ed＋to”短语荟萃 ①able→ enable　 使能够 ②rich→ enrich 使富裕 ③large→ enlarge 使扩大 ④strength→ strengthen 加强 ⑤short→ shorten 缩短；使变短 ⑥sharp→ sharpen (使)变锋 利 ①affect vt.影响→effect n．影响；效果 ②content n．内容→context n．上下文 ③adapt vt.适应→adopt vt.收养 ④sweat n．汗水→sweet adj.甜的 ⑤statue n．雕像→status n．身份 ⑥march n．前进→match n．比赛 ①be attracted to 被……吸 引 ②be devoted to 致力于，专心于 ③be opposed to 反对 ④be accustomed to 习惯于 ⑤be addicted to 对……很 入迷 重点句式　背熟巧用　——会活用 平时造佳句 用时表达高 句式背诵 句式仿写 句型公式1：while引导让步状语从句 教材原句：While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 1.虽然他几乎说不出话来，但他那灿烂的笑容说明了一切。(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) While he could hardly speak，his bright smiling face spoke for him. 句型公式2：it 作形式宾语 教材原句：According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 2.他习惯于每天早晨早起床，这可以让他集中精力工作。 He made it a rule to get up early every morning, which could make him concentrate on his work. 句型公式3：“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句 教材原句：You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing. 无论你在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。 3.不管什么时候我在学习中遇到问题，我的父亲都会耐心地听我说，鼓励我勇敢地克服困难。(话题写作之人物介绍) No matter when/Whenever I come across the problems in my study，my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. 核心单词　重难突破　——系统掌握 归纳提升一遍过 1.effect n.效应，影响(effective adj.有效的；有影响的) take effect　　　　 生效；见效 come into effect 生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon 对……产生影响 put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2022·全国乙卷)In fact, children consider this method effective(effect) when others use it. ②李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(应用文之介绍信) During his lifetime, Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems, all of which have a great effect/impact/influence on Chinese culture．(定语从句) ③为解决这些问题，希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。(应用文之建议信) Hopefully, my recommendations will soon be put into effect to settle these problems. 2. admit v.承认；准许进入(或加入)；接纳(admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费) (1)admit doing/having done/that ...　 承认做/做过/承认…… It is admitted that ... 人们公认…… (2)be admitted to/into 被录取到；被允许进入 be admitted as... 作为……被接受　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One day I got word that he was admitted(admit) to hospital for a serious disease.(2022·浙江卷读后续写) ②Besides, there will be an admission(admit) charge of 50 yuan for each person. ③得知你已被北京大学录取，我写信真诚地祝贺你。(应用文之祝贺信) Learning that you have been admitted into/to Peking University，I am writing to offer sincere congratulations to you. ④这个男孩不承认向母亲撒了谎，这让他的母亲很失望。(读后续写之心理描写) The boy didn't admit that he had lied to his mother, which made his mother disappointed. 3. concern n.担忧；忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心；涉及(concerned adj.关切的，关心的；担心的；有关的　concerning prep.关于) (1)show/express concern for/about　 对……表示关心 (2)as far as...be concerned 就……而言 be concerned about/for 对……担心/关心 be concerned with 与……有关　　 练透——单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests. ②Concerned (concern)about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. ③It's hoped that the authorities can really do something about the issue concerning (concern) public health. ④In my opinion, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills.(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) →As far as I am concerned/ From my point of view, students should do more listening and speaking so that they can develop their communication skills. 4.favour n.恩惠；善意的行为；喜爱；优惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒(favourable adj.赞同的；有利的　favourite adj.最喜爱的) (1)ask sb a favour 请某人帮忙 do sb a favour 帮某人忙 (2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利　　 练透——单句语法填/完成句子/词汇升级 ①By performing appropriate measures，we have created a favourable(favour) learning environment in the self­study room.(2022·浙江6月卷应用文) ②当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时，他勃然大怒。(读后续写之情绪描写) He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them weren't in favour of his opinion． ③毋庸置疑，成功和机遇往往青睐那些有准备的人。(读后续写之主旨升华) Undoubtedly, opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready. ④We sincerely hope you can help us and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.(全国卷Ⅲ满分作文) →We sincerely hope you can do us a favour/do a favour for us and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play. 5.harm n.&vt.伤害；损害(harmful adj.有害的　harmless adj.无害的；不致伤害的) (1) harm one's health/reputation　　　 损害某人的健康/名誉 (2)do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 (3)be harmful to... 对……有害　　 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ① The plant, harmed(harm) by too much direct sunlight, has no chance of survival. ②Staring at the screen is harmful(harm) to our eyes.Worse still, we don't have many opportunities to interact with our teachers and classmates.(2021·全国乙卷满分作文) ③众所周知，沉溺于手机有害健康。(应用文之倡议书) a．What is known is that being addicted to cellphones harms / does harm to health． b．It is known that being addicted to cellphones is harmful to health． 6. argument n.论点；论据；争论；争辩(argue v．争论；劝说； 主张) (1)beyond argument无可争辩 (2)argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论某事 argue for/against (doing) sth 据理支持/反对(做)某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 提出理由说明；主张……　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is beyond argument(argue) that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.(应用文之推荐信) ②令我非常高兴的是，我终于说服了大卫参加越野跑，它被认为是一项有益的活动。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) To my great joy, I finally argued David into taking part in the cross­country run，which was viewed as a rewarding activity. ③65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲，而18%的学生主张他们可以通过阅读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) 65% of the students argue for enjoying English songs while 18% of the students argue that they can have their English level improved by reading English classics. 7.replace vt.取代；接替；放回原处 (1)replace sth with/by sth　 用……替换…… replace...as... 取代……而成为…… (2)take the place of 代替 take one's place 代替 in place of 代替　　 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①As far as I'm concerned，it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. ②I replaced him as the leading role in the school drama, which came as a big shock to the class. ③喜欢并向其他文化学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。 a．It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture． b．It's good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never take the place of your own culture． 8.rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的(reward vt.奖励；酬谢　n．报酬；奖励) (1)an interesting and rewarding experience　一次有趣且有益的经历 (2) as a reward for 作为……报酬/奖赏 in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励 (3) reward sb with...for sth 因为某事而用……酬谢某人　　 (4) 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①Not only was the activity greatly praised but also it raised our environmental awareness.What a rewarding (reward)day! ②通过这次有益的经历，除了服务的时间，我得到了更有价值的回报：每一个微小的善举都会产生影响。(2022·浙江6月卷读后续写) Through the rewarding experience，apart from the service hours，I was rewarded with something more valuable：Every small action of kindness makes an impact. ③我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。 a．I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help．(reward n．) b．I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing to reward you for your generous help．(reward vt.) 9. basis n.基础；基点；基准(base n．基地；大本营；基础　vt.以……为基础或根据　basic adj.基础的；基本的　basically adv.基本上) (1)on a daily/regular basis　 每天/定期 on the basis of 在……的基础上 (2)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon... 以……为基础　　 练透——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the basis (base) of making friends.(应用文之建议信) ② So, what are they learning? Basically (basic)，how to describe a panda's life.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) ③The novel was based(base) on an interesting story and it was well worth reading. →Based on an interesting story，the novel was well worth reading.(分词短语作状语) →The novel based on an interesting story was very worth reading.(分词短语作定语) 10. focus vi.&vt.集中(注意力) n．焦点 (1)focus on/upon... 集中于…… focus one's attention/eyes/energy on... 集中注意力于…… (2) the focus of attention/concern 注意力/关注的焦点　　 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him. ②Our campus radio station is preparing an online interview program“Youth Life”，which mainly focuses(focus) on the lives of middle school students abroad. ③深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。(应用文之建议信) Take a deep breath and relax yourself instead of focusing (your attention) on/upon what brings you stress，and you will fall asleep soon. 短语句式　学以致用　——精讲精练 应用提升全通关 1. in addition除此之外 (1) in addition (to sb/sth)　　除……以外(还) besides 另外 what's more 另外，此外 moreover 而且 furthermore 此外， 而且 (3) in addition to “除……以外(还)”，用作介词短语　　 练透——对比填空(in addition to，in addition)/完成句子 ①In addition, being “the lungs of our planet”， oceans provide most of the oxygen we breathe.(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ②In addition to learning about the past, history teaching can help students to think for themselves. ③另外，他很热心，乐于帮助有需要的人，这是我向你推荐他的原因。(应用文之推荐信) In addition/Moreover/Besides/Furthermore, he is warm­hearted and willing to help others in need, for which I recommend him to you. 2.句型公式：while 引导让步状语从句 教材原句：While the Internet can bring people closer together，it can also harm friendships. 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 (1)“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句表示转折，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。 (2)“当……的时候；在……时”，引导时间状语从句，状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done。 (3)并列连词“然而”，表示前后分句的对比。　　 练透——猜测加黑词while的含义/完成句子 ①50% of the students watch English movies while only 18% read English books.(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)然而(表示对比转折) ②After a while, the boy hung his head in shame, with the color flooding his cheeks.一会儿 ③Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.(2023·全国甲卷)在……时候 ④尽管学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。 While the students came from different countries, they got on quite well in the summer camp. 3.句型公式：it作形式宾语 教材原句：According to a parenting expert，Denise Daniels，communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. 根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。 (1)此句型it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。类似句型还有： make＋it＋形容词＋that从句 make＋it＋useless/no use/no good...＋doing sth (2)常用于这种句型的动词：make, consider，think，feel，find等。　　 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I think it no good reading(read) in bed, which does great harm to your eyes. ② As we can see from the chart，65% of the students think it useful that they can listen to English songs to learn English well.(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) ③你最好提前掌握一些基础的汉语，这使你容易适应在北京的新生活。(应用文之建议信) a．You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance，which makes it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing． b．You'd better master some basic Chinese in advance，making it easy for you to adjust to the new life in Beijing．(现在分词作结果状语) 层级一　过基础——教材核心知识精准练 维度1　单句语法填空 1．(2023·浙江1月卷应用文) All of us not only gained recreation and relevant knowledge about the natural world but we also all craved to explore(explore) our surroundings with curiosity. 2．(2022·全国甲卷)From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing(amaze). 3．(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day.Obviously(obvious), it attaches great importance to ocean protection. 4．I found my son addicted(addict)to online games，which made me boil with anger. 5．The players selected(select) from the whole country are faced with great challenges, but they are training hard to be admitted (admit) as athletes in the Olympics. 6．Last month I took part in a community service project organized, which proved to be a truly rewarding(reward) experience. 7．(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations(accommodate) aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 8．I have a good command of both Chinese and English, enabling(enable) me to communicate with visitors fluently. 9．We are determined to follow the examples of our excellent schoolmates and make ourselves useful(use) to the whole society. 10．In order to release the pressure(press) resulting from our study, I went to Xinxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend. 11．With such annoying noise outside, the exchange student can hardly concentrate on the lecture and take notes. 12．Up to now food and water have been delivered(deliver) to the disaster­stricken area, where many people surviving the disaster are in urgent need of help. 13．At present, developing the ability(able) of the students is an important task in our daily teaching activity. 14．Suffering is the most powerful(power) teacher of life and every setback is a test for us. 15．So she did everything in her power to calm him down and shared a series of learning tips with him. 维度2　熟词生义/一词多义 写出加黑部分的精确汉语释义 1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 )Our lives in the 21st century are networked.v. 将……连接成网络 2．(2023·全国甲卷)She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. adj. 已故的 3．(2022·全国乙卷)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.n.含量 4．Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy？同意；赞同 5．(2021·全国乙卷)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.vt.对……施加压力，强迫 6．根据语境选出view的含义 (1)On the way to the farm, attractive scenery came into view, and you can imagine how thrilled we were. B (2)These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor. A (3)Although the present isn't worth much，I value it very much.From my point of view, it's the love contained in it that really counts. D (4)Standing on the top of Mount Tai, we are able to have a good view of the whole city. C 维度3　完成句子/词汇升级 1．我们应该关注的是我们能为海洋保护做什么而不是仅仅喊口号。(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) What we should focus on/concentrate on is what we should do for ocean protection instead of shouting slogans. 2 今天，我很荣幸能在这里发表题为“劳动最美”的演讲。 Today, I'm so honored to be here and deliver the speech titled “ The Fruit of Labor Is Sweetest.” 3．看到厨房里一片狼藉，他立刻明白发生了什么事，但他并没有生气。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) Seeing the mess in the kitchen, he immediately understood what had happened ，but he wasn't upset. 4．无论你参观哪个旅游景点，你最好去吃各种当地小吃，体验当地的文化和风俗。 No matter which tourist attraction you visit, you'd better eat various local food and experience local cultures and customs. 5．In my view/opinion, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. ①From my point of view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. ②As far as I'm concerned, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities. 层级二　过能力——满分写作技能提升练 Part 1.应用文写作提分练(申请信——应聘志愿者) 用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 第一步：斟酌词句，靓化表达 (加黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) 1．我是李华，一名高中学生，参加过各种志愿活动。 I'm Li Hua, a high school student, who has taken part in a variety of voluntary activities. 2．我想在英语协会做志愿者，这就是我写这封信的原因。(this is why...) I want to serve as a volunteer in the English association，and this is why I am writing the letter. 3．虽然我不是英语专业的学生，但我从5岁就学英语了，所以英语掌握得很好。(while引导的让步状语从句) While I am not an English major，I have been learning English since 5，so I have a good command of English. 4．此外，由于我曾经做过兼职的英语导游，我知道如何与外国人交流。 In addition，as I have ever worked as a part­time English tour guide，I know how to communicate with foreigners. 5．我既外向又友好，所以无论我和谁在一起，我都可以和他/她相处融洽。(no matter＋疑问词引导让步状语从句) I am outgoing and friendly，so no matter who I am with，I can get along well with him/her. 6．如果你能在你方便的时候尽早给我一个答复，我会很感激的。 I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience. 第二步：恰当过渡，完美成文(请用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) I'm Li Hua, a high school student, who has taken part in a variety of voluntary activities.I want to serve as a volunteer in the English association，and this is why I am writing the letter. First of all, while I am not an English major，I have been learning English since 5，so I have a good command of English. In addition，as I have ever worked as a part­time English tour guide，I know how to communicate with foreigners.Last but not least，I am outgoing and friendly，so no matter who I am with，I can get along well with him/her. I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience. Part 2.读后续写之描写网络媒体下的信息分享 Ⅰ.主题语境词汇 主题语境词汇 1．post n.　　　　　 　 帖子 vt. 发(帖子) 2．comment n．&vi. 评论 3．video n. 视频 4．online adj. 在线的 5．film vt.& vi. 拍摄 6．share vt.　　　　　　　 分享 7．register vt. 注册 8．chat vi. 聊天；闲聊 9．surf vt.&vi. 浏览；冲浪 10．embarrassed adj. 感到难堪(尴尬)的 主题语境词块 1．social networking website　 社交媒体网站 2．gain the attention of 引起……的注意力 3．receive shares and likes　　 获得分享和点赞 4．make fun of 取笑；戏弄 Ⅱ.基于主题语境的续写实践 第一步：完成句子(已提示语法结构) 1．在一个站点，Fat Ryan匆忙上了车，意外地被一个人的脚绊倒了，趴在了地上。 At one stop，Fat Ryan got on hurriedly，tripped over someone's foot accidentally and fell flat onto the floor. 2．害怕被取笑，Ryan挣扎着站起来，他的脸尴尬得通红。 Afraid of being made fun of，Ryan struggled to his feet，his face burning with embarrassment． 3. 陷于如此尴尬的境地，他僵在那里。 Stuck in such an embarrassing situation，he froze there. 4．他是如此沮丧和尴尬，泪水止不住地往下流。(倒装句) So upset and embarrassed was he that tears streamed down his face uncontrollably. 5．过了一会儿，他意识到他的朋友一直在拍摄。 After a while, he realized that his friend had filmed the whole time． 6．他把它发到网上，相信此刻它一定会给别人带来很多乐趣。(v.­ing作状语) He posted it online, believing it would surely bring so much fun to others at this moment. 7．令我们惊讶的是，到那天结束时，它已经获得了全世界社交媒体用户的关注，获得了成千上万的分享和点赞。(what引导主语从句；v.­ing 作状语) What surprised us was that by the end of that day, it had gained the attention of social media users all over the world, receiving tens of thousands of shares and likes． 第二步：衔接美文(将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇) At one stop，Fat Ryan got on hurriedly，tripped over someone's foot accidentally and fell flat onto the floor.Afraid of being made fun of，Ryan struggled to his feet，his face burning with embarrassment.Stuck in such an embarrassing situation，he froze there.So upset and embarrassed was he that tears streamed down his face uncontrollably.After a while, he realized that his friend had filmed the whole time.He posted it online, believing it would surely bring so much fun to others at this moment.Afterwards, what surprised us was that by the end of that day, it had gained the attention of social media users all over the world，receiving tens of thousands of shares and likes. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$