主题素养练案(25) 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands.Stories matter．And they can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study. Lindsay Hahn, an assistant professor of communication in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences, is the first author of the new study.The new study adds important nuance (细微差别) to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children.Hahn's study looks at how exposure to content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence how much importance kids place on those values. Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those moral values as a building block for their own morality? The findings show that they do, and further support how this indirect approach to influencing children's morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction. “Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good，” says Hahn.“How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it be educational？” “When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can take into account what particular moral value is being emphasized by the main character，” she says. For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a young adult novel and edited the content to reflect in each version the study's focus on one of four moral values.Those narratives were shared with roughly 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.The team then created a scale designed to measure the importance kids place on moral values to determine how participants might be influenced by specific narratives. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，故事中的良好道德在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用。 1．What does the author mean by the underlined words? A．Stories are necessary for education. B．Reading stories to children means a lot. C．Stories are important to children's morals. D．Reading stories in books is the right method. 解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据画线句子后的“And they can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.(根据一项新研究的结果，它们可以在改变特定道德价值观在年轻受众中的重要性方面发挥作用。)”可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变特定的道德价值观在年轻读者中的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，由此可知，画线句子的意思与“故事在孩子的道德教育上起着重要的作用”意义相近。故选C项。 2．What are many parents concerned about, according to Lindsay Hahn? A．How to make good use of media. B．How to replace media with books. C．How to limit their children's use of media. D．How to monitor their children's media use. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good，’ says Hahn.‘How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it be educational？’(Hahn说：‘家长、照顾者和老师经常想知道如何利用媒体做有益的事？它怎么能用在好的事情上呢？它怎么能阻止坏习惯呢？这怎么能让它有教育意义呢？’)”可知，Hahn说很多家长对如何利用媒体做一些好的事情很是担心，有各种疑问，由此可知，很多家长担心的是如何利用好媒体。故选A项。 3．Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14? A．They cannot be easily influenced by specific narratives. B．It is challenging to hold the attention of younger children. C．They are old enough and are less likely to be bored by stories. D．It is harder to introduce narrative comprehension to older adolescents. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据尾段中的“This is a favorable range for media research because it's more difficult to introduce narrative comprehension in younger kids, while equally challenging to hold the attention of older adolescents, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.(根据Hahn的说法，这对媒体研究来说是一个有利的范围，因为向更为年幼的孩子介绍故事理解练习更困难，同时集中年龄较大的青少年的注意力同样具有挑战性，他们对基本的故事情节感到厌倦。)”可知，之所以选择这个年龄段的孩子，是因为这个年龄段的孩子已经足够大了，不太可能对故事感到厌倦。故选C项。 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Influence of Media Use on Children B．Moral Values Need to Be Taught Early C．The Importance of Moral Education in School D．Morals in Stories Play a Positive Role in Teens 解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据首段内容可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变特定的道德价值观在年轻读者中的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，结合下文中对Hahn这项研究的内容、研究对象和研究方法的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是一项研究发现故事在青少年道德教育中起着积极的作用，所以本文的题目为“故事中的道德对青少年有积极的影响”与本文的内容一致，且概括了本文的主题。故选D项。 B Since September I've been living in a hall, just a stone's throw from the Thames.Campus is a 25­minute walk from my hall, which is across the river and down Fleet Street.There, in The London School of Economics and Political Science(LSE), I take courses in social policy, philosophy and public policy, public management and behavioural economics. In the first few weeks we covered how to measure well­being, how to distribute health care resources, and the origins of the welfare state, to name only a few.I've had great support from my academic adviser, who I was told is really somebody highly respected in the field of social policy. I learn loads of things each day and more importantly, what I learn feels relevant.Looking back, I can better understand the work I did in the government, and how the approaches I've learned work or fail in other situations.After one term, I can feel my viewpoint change from 50 feet to 50，000 feet. Probably the most difficult part of attending graduate school overseas isn't the education itself but rather the act of “putting the previous life on hold”．I think this is especially true for students who have already started their professional life or are a couple of years older. But there are plenty of benefits, and I feel that time at LSE passes faster than I realize.Already, I've made friends with students from dozens of other countries, which brings great advantages and fun.Perhaps what unites us is the great British tradition of meeting each other at the end of the week for entertainment at the cafe.In fact, I'm about to make my way there now. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在伦敦政治经济学院求学的难忘经历及收获。 5．What do we know about the author? A．He lives very close to campus. B．His major is political science. C．His adviser enjoys a good reputation. D．He is studying to a tight schedule. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“my academic adviser, who I was told is really somebody highly respected in the field of social policy”可知，作者的导师是社会政策方面的大人物，备受尊敬。由此可知，作者的导师应享有很高的声望。故选C。 6．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A．He has become far­sighted. B．His mind has been broadened. C．He can handle various situations. D．His life attitude varies with time. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Looking back, I can better understand the work I did in the government...50，000 feet”可知，回顾过去，作者能更好地理解他在政府部门所做的工作，也能更好地理解他所学到的方法在其他情况下是如何奏效或失灵的。一个学期下来，他能感觉到他的视角从50英尺变到了50 000英尺。由此可推断，作者的思维变得更加开阔了。 7．Which might be the hardest for overseas students? A.Dealing with the heavy study load. B.Gaining an understanding of British traditions. C.Being used to the local educational system. D.Leaving one's former life behind temporarily. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，作者认为也许在海外读研究生最困难的部分不是教育本身，而是“将原来的生活暂停”这一行为。对于那些已经开始他们的职业生涯或年长几岁的学生来说尤其如此。故选D。 8．What message about the author is implied in the last paragraph? A.He is going to join a get­together for fun. B.He decides to go after his professional life. C．He wants to make friends with more students. D．He has a deep preference for British traditions. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Perhaps what unites us is...I'm about to make my way there now”可知，也许让人们联结在一起的是一个重要的英国传统：周末大家在咖啡馆聚会，一起娱乐。事实上，作者正准备去那里。由此可知，作者要去参加聚会，获得乐趣。A项“他将要去参加聚会，寻找乐趣”符合语境。故选A。 C It was a sunny afternoon in June of 2022 when 20­year­old Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago's 69th Street station.On the platform, two men were fighting bitterly.Then the unthinkable happened：the pair fell over the edge and onto the tracks.One man ended up on his back.Suddenly, he started convulsing (抽搐) unnaturally.He had fallen atop the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers Chicago's L trains.The aggressor leaped backward, bounded back up onto the platform and disappeared. Perry couldn't just stand there and watch.He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down.He took a few quick bounds and approached the victim.The guy looked dead, his body still moving violently as the electricity pulsed.Gathering up his courage, Perry reached down and grasped the victim's wrist.Instantly, he felt a blast of electric shock shoot through his body.Perry shrank and jumped back.He reached down a second time, and was shocked again.But the third time he seized the man's wrist and forearm and, braving the shock, pulled with all his strength.The guy's body slid briefly along the third rail, coming to rest on the gravel on the outer edge of the tracks. The man was breathing, but irregularly.Something wasn't right.“Give him chest compressions (按压)！” yelled a woman.Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man's heart until the victim began convulsing.Then he heard a sudden noise behind him—medical workers and firefighters had arrived.Perry let the professionals take over.His heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform, grabbed his things and headed home. The evening news reported the incident.After a friend outed him to the media, Perry became the toast of Chicago. Perry was then recruited by the Chicago Fire Department and is now training to be an emergency medical technician. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼·佩里在芝加哥69街车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救了跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。 9．What made the rescue of the victim particularly difficult? A．The man had lost his consciousness. B．The victim lay injured on top of a track. C．The rescuer was at risk of an electric shock. D．The electricity powering trains was hard to cut off. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中“He had fallen atop the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers Chicago's L trains.”和第二段中“The guy looked dead...and was shocked again.”可知，救援行动非常危险是因为有触电的危险。故选C项。 10．What can be inferred about Perry according to Paragraphs 3－4? A．He had received professional first aid training. B．The local newspaper interviewed him on the spot. C．His chest compressions played a key role in saving life. D．His heart beat fast because of nervousness and tiredness. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中“Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man's heart until the victim began convulsing.”可知，佩里不专业的心脏复苏操作让受害者身体有了反应，说明他的胸部按压对挽救生命起了关键作用。故选C项。 11．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Perry landed a job in the Fire Department. B．The city of Chicago awarded Perry a prize. C．Chicagoans toasted Perry for his brave deeds. D．Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据画线句上文“After a friend outed him to the media”和常识可知，在媒体得知了佩里的英勇行为后会对他进行大肆地宣传报道，这样的无名英雄自然会成为人们追捧的对象，受到人们的欢迎和尊敬。所以画线句与“Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago”意思相近。故选D项。 12．What is the author's main purpose of writing the text? A．To credit a hero with saving a victim's life. B．To highlight Perry's courage in stopping a fight. C．To stress the importance of calmness in rescue work. D．To display people's cooperation in assisting the victim. 解析：选A。推理判断题。通读全文，文章讲述了安东尼·佩里在芝加哥69街车站不顾个人的安危，勇敢地拯救跌落在铁轨上的受害者的英勇故事。所以本文的写作目的就是表彰英雄佩里，因为他拯救了受害者的生命。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·绍兴市诊断性考试)Medicine is a degree that consists of an endless number of exams, and recently I received my first year results.Waiting for those results was one of the most anxiety­generating experiences. 1．________Failing brings judgement from others, a topic of discussion for people, and the right for others to say you don't have enough capacity.The stress associated with failing is created by others around you, rather than by the event itself. I have recently been reading The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel, which clarifies that failure has the strong presence among those who have achieved success.People will always focus on Warren Edward Buffett's success as an investor.2.________． The process of achieving success has often involved setbacks and “failures” along the way.I received a “pass” grade on an important research paper during my master's year, which put my final grade in a dangerous situation.I was rejected by medical schools which I'd spent time and effort applying to and preparing for.3.________I also began studying medicine last year. 4．________But you should know that with each failure you are closer to success, building further layers to the foundations you started.Behind every successful person are more obstacles and setbacks, but these are not as interesting to focus on or as enviable. The noise around you, whether it is from co­workers, friends or parents, should not shake your belief in your abilities.5.________Learn what you need and correct your approach until you reach your success. A．Failure is your platform to success. B．You are guaranteed a lifetime of success. C．I was turned down by countless graduate schemes. D．You may not be successful the first, second or however many times. E．Upon reflection I believe that this is partly as a result of the failure itself. F．Despite all of these, I ended up getting a distinction in my master's degree. G．However, they will rarely see how many times his investments have failed. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要论述了“失败不可怕，反而是通往成功的平台”这一观点。 1．解析：选E。根据上文的“Waiting for those...anxiety­generating experiences”和下文的“Failing brings judgement...have enough capacity”可知，上文提到等待结果的过程让人很焦虑，下文分析了失败会带来什么样的结果，所以空处内容应该会讲到焦虑的原因是害怕失败。故选项E承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据上文内容尤其是“People will always...as an investor”可推知，接下来会讲到巴菲特也有投资失败的时候，选项G“然而，他们很少会看到他的投资失败了多少次”符合语境。选项中的they 指代上文的People。 3．解析：选F。根据上文的“I received...and preparing for”和下文的“I also began studying medicine last year ”可知，上文提到作者曾经的失败经历，下文提到他也开始学习医学，所以空处内容应承上启下，选项F“尽管如此，我还是在攻读硕士学位期间获得了优异的成绩”符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据下文的“But you should...foundations you started”可知，但是你应该知道每一次的失败都会让你离成功更近一步。再结合But 可知，空处与下文内容构成转折关系。选项D“你可能第一次、第二次或无论多少次都不成功”符合题意。 5．解析：选A。根据下文可知，你要了解你需要什么，纠正方法，直至你取得成功，说明要从失败中吸取教训，A项“失败是成功的平台”符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 version n．变体，版本　favorable adj.赞成的；给人好印象的；有利的，优惠的　narrative n．记叙文；故事；叙述 adj.叙述的　comprehension n．理解力 C篇 victim n．受害者，遇难者　recruit n．新兵；(机构中的)新成员 vt.招聘，征募　bitterly adv.伤心地；愤怒地；极其　violently adv.激烈地；暴力地 熟词 生义 B篇 throw 常用义：v.投，掷，抛，扔→文章义：n.投掷的距离，投射距离 cover 常用义：v.掩蔽，遮盖→文章义：v.包括，包含，涉及，处理 词缀 变形 A篇 moral n．道德；寓意→morality n．道德；道德准则　exposure n．暴露；揭发；报道→expose v．揭发；使暴露；使接触 C篇 unnaturally adv.违反习俗地；不自然地；勉强地→naturally adv.自然地；理所当然地　irregularly adv.不规则地→regular adj.定期的；经常的→irregular adj.不规则的；不规律的→regularly adv.经常；定期地 核心 短语 A篇 play a role in 在……起作用　an assistant professor 助理教授　take into account考虑在内 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$