主题素养练案(18) 选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Sports culture(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体模拟)Ida Keeling had grown up poor in Harlem and done hard, grinding work in factories during the Great Depression.She had lost her husband early to a heart attack, and two of her four children—both of her sons—died in accidents.Keeling had sunk into a deep depression.Her health had begun to slide and her daughter, Cheryl, began to worry that she soon might be losing her mother as well. Keeling's daughter is a lifelong athlete.That may be what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud.She suggested a run.Not just a jog around the block, but an official run.At the time, Ida Keeling was 67. It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that the first “mini­run” was wonderful.“I just threw off all my bad memories，” Keeling says.She hasn't stopped running since, and it's no longer the difficulty it was during that first meet.Since then, Keeling has set records for 60 meters in the 95－99 age group, and in 100 meters for the over 100 group.“I was just exercising，” she says, “and now I'm all over the world.” When she's not running, she's working out.She's in the gym three to four days a week, running, working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike—and even exercising while she's cooking.Part of her healthy diet is an occasional dose of red wine mixed with her coffee or water to aid blood circulation.She's written a book about her experiences, titled Can't Nothing Bring Me Down: Chasing Myself in the Race Against Time.Her philosophy is also fit for a runner: “Every day is another day forward.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Keeling在67岁时开始尝试跑步。跑步不仅锻炼了她的身体， 而且使她忘掉了自己的烦恼。 1．Why did Keeling start to run at an old age? A．She wanted her daughter getting out of dark cloud. B．She wanted to learn from her daughter. C．Cheryl persuaded her to do so. D．Cheryl wanted her to be a lifelong runner. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Keeling's daughter is a lifelong athlete.That may be what would pull her mother out from under her dark cloud.She suggested a run.”可知，Keeling的女儿认为跑步能让母亲从悲伤中解脱出来，因此她建议母亲跑步。 2．How did Keeling feel about her first “mini­run”？ A．Pleased. B．Curious. C．Annoyed. D．Proud. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“It had been decades since Keeling had done any running, and she would later recall that the first ‘mini­run’ was wonderful.”可知，在Keeling的第一次迷你跑中，她感到很愉悦。 3．What can we infer about Keeling from the last paragraph? A．She used to live a hard life. B．She spends much time writing. C．She is very fond of cooking. D．She is very active in sports. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“When she's not running, she's working out.She's in the gym three to four days a week, running, working out with weights and pedaling on the exercise bike—and even exercising while she's cooking.”可推断，Keeling在运动上是非常积极的。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Early hard life of Keeling B．The benefit of running for Keeling's later life C．The significance of caring for old people D．Every day is precious for old people 解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述Keeling晚年开始跑步，跑步给她带来了意想不到的好处。所以“The benefit of running for Keeling's later life”作为文章标题最为合适。 B (2024·河北省衡水市部分重点高中模拟)Regular physical activity had nearly doubled cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology's 71st Annual Scientific Session. The research findings add to mounting evidence that exercise improves cardiovascular health by helping to activate parts of the brain that counteract stress.Overall, the study found that people who achieved the recommended amount of physical activity per week were 17% less likely to suffer a major harmful cardiovascular event than those who exercised less.These benefits were significantly greater in those with anxiety or depression, who had a 22% risk reduction vs.a 10% risk reduction in those without either condition. “The effect of physical activity on the brain's stress response may be particularly relevant to those with stress­related mental conditions，” said Hadil Zureigat, MD, postdoctoral clinical research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the study's lead author.“This is not to suggest that exercise is only effective in those with depression or anxiety, but we found that these patients seem to get a greater cardiovascular benefit from physical activity.” Rates of both depression and anxiety have risen during the outbreak of flu, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the US.The study findings underline the important role of exercise in maintaining heart health and reducing stress, according to the researchers. “Any amount of exercise is helpful, particularly for those with depression or anxiety，” Zureigat said.“Not only will physical activity help them feel better, but they will also significantly reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.It can be hard to make the transition, but once achieved, physical activity allows those with these common chronic (慢性的) stress­related mental conditions to hit two birds with one stone.” [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了锻炼对患有抑郁症或焦虑症的人的心血管的益处。 5．Who can get the most cardiovascular benefit from regular exercise? A．Someone with little brain capacity. B．Someone with abnormal heart rates. C．Someone diagnosed with depression. D．Someone with fear­related mental conditions. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知，与没有抑郁症或焦虑症的人相比，有规律的体育锻炼给有这些症状的人的心血管带来的益处是翻倍的。 6．What does the underlined word “counteract” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Double. B．Resist. C．Awaken. D．Transport. 解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据语境可知，研究结果进一步证明，锻炼有助于激活大脑中抵抗压力的部分，从而改善心血管健康状况。由此可推知，counteract意为“抵抗”。 7．Which of the following may the findings support? A．Physical exercise is vital to mental health. B．Physical exercise can cure those people of flu. C．Exercise merely works for those with depression. D．Exercise accelerates the recovery of all mental patients. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究结果强调了锻炼在保持心脏健康和减轻压力方面的重要作用。 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical Activity Can Prevent Chronic Disease B．Heart Disease Remains the Leading Cause of Death C．Rates of Depression Have Risen During the Outbreak of Flu D．Workout Is Very Good for Stress­related Patients' Cardiovascular Health 解析：选D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了锻炼对有心理压力相关问题的患者的心血管健康有很大益处。故D项最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·安徽省十校联考)On my first day at the Skip Barber Racing School, I grabbed a suit and helmet and headed into the classroom.Standing in the front, I introduced myself to the class, “Hello, I'm Eddie, and I want to be a better __1__．” That day, after a quick __2__ to basics, like turning points and braking, we jumped into a race car.Not knowing what to __3__， I was very scared.Worse still, it was __4__ heavily outside.When it was my turn, I was sweating despite it being cold in the shower, because I was so __5__.When the instructor let me drive onto the course, I tried, but __6__ the car.I tried again, but without __7__.Finally, with great efforts I got it. In the afternoon, the instructor told us where to turn, downshift (换低挡) and brake.To my surprise, I quickly __8__ the driving skills and got faster and faster.__9__ we were ready to head onto the full track.I couldn't __10__ I had actually driven a race car around the world's most famous road course. The next day the drills became even more __11__.It was very terrifying the first few times, but as the day went by, I continued to get more and more __12__ and comfortable with the race car's capabilities.The final day was __13__ the most fun day.I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible. The days at the racing school gave me the most fun __15__ of my life and I've become a much better driver.I look forward to doing more racing in the future. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。主要讲述了作者学习赛车的经历，从紧张、害怕到游刃有余。 1． A．friend B．driver C．teacher D．instructor 解析：选B。根据文章最后一段中的“and I've become a much better driver”可知，此处表示作者自我介绍说想成为更好的驾驶员。driver意为“驾驶员”，符合语境。 2． A．introduction B．arrangement C．participation D．encouragement 解析：选A。根据第一段中的“I grabbed a suit and helmet and headed into the classroom”以及空后“to basics, like turning points and braking, we jumped into a race car”可知，作者去学习赛车，在跳进一辆赛车之前，应是快速介绍一下基础知识。introduction意为“介绍”，符合语境。 3． A．deliver B．attend C．expect D．say 解析：选C。根据上文“Not knowing”和下文“I was very scared”可知，作者非常害怕，是因为无法预料(接下来)会发生什么。expect意为“预料”，符合语境。 4． A．flooding B．blowing C．snowing D．raining 解析：选D。根据下文“despite it being cold in the shower”可知，此处表示下着雨。rain意为“下雨”，符合语境，与空后的shower相呼应。 5． A．excited B．nervous C．awkward D．disappointed 解析：选B。根据本段第二句“Not knowing what to __3__， I was very scared.”和空前的“I was sweating despite it being cold in the shower”可知，作者非常紧张、害怕，所以天气很冷还是在出汗。nervous 意为“紧张的”，符合语境，与上文的scared 相呼应。 6． A．abandoned B．damaged C．operated D．stopped 解析：选D。根据下文“I tried again”可知，此处表示作者开车驶入场地失败，让车停下了。stop 意为“停下”，符合语境。 7． A．luck B．choice C．delay D．hesitation 解析：选A。根据上文“When the instructor let me drive onto the course, I tried，but __6__ the car.I tried again”和下文的Finally可知，作者再次尝试，依然没有成功。luck意为“运气”，without luck意为“运气不佳”，符合语境。 8． A．reviewed B．checked C．grasped D．forgot 解析：选C。根据空后的“the driving skills and got faster and faster”可知，作者很快领悟了驾驶技巧，开得越来越快。grasp意为“领悟”，符合语境。 9． A．By the way B．In no time C．On the whole D．On the contrary 解析：选B。根据上文“To my surprise, I quickly __9__ the driving skills and got faster and faster.”以及下文“I couldn't __10__ I had actually driven a race car around the world's most famous road course.”可知，作者取得了进步，很快就准备好进入完整赛道。in no time意为“很快”，符合语境。 10．A．resist B．notice C．believe D．confirm 解析：选C。根据语境可知，作者从上文的害怕和紧张到空后的在世界上最著名的公路赛道上疾驰，进步非常大，因此此处表示作者简直不敢相信。believe 意为“相信”，符合语境。 11．A．boring B．challenging C．practical D．academic 解析：选B。根据空后的“It was very terrifying the first few times”可知，此处表示第二天的培训更有挑战性。challenging意为“有挑战性的”，符合语境。 12．A．ambitious B．cautious C．grateful D．confident 解析：选D。根据本段最后一句“I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible.”可知，此处表示作者对自己的赛车能力越来越有信心了。confident意为“自信的”，符合语境。 13．A．typically B．likely C．absolutely D．necessarily 解析：选C。根据空后“I __14__ everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible.”可知，作者尽可能大胆地开车，由此可推出作者认为最后一天绝对是最有趣的。absolutely意为“绝对”，符合语境。 14．A．let out B．gave up C．set down D．put off 解析：选A。根据空后“everything and drove the car as aggressively as possible”可知，作者释放一切，尽可能大胆地开车。let out意为“释放”，符合语境。 15．A．process B．test C．evidence D．experience 解析：选D。根据上文“The days at the racing school gave me the most fun”可知，此处表示在赛车学校的日子是作者一生中最有趣的经历。experience意为“经历”，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Recently, the National Roller Skating Championship was held in Lishui, Zhejiang.Qin Yuqing, a member of the national freestyle roller skating team, gained an 1.____________ (impress) triumph, which marked her debut in the adult division of competitive events. Dressed in a stunning clothes inspired by the celestial (天上的) singers and dancers, 2.________ (refer) to as Flying Apsaras (飞天仙子), depicted in the murals of Dunhuang's Mogao Grottoes located in Gansu Province in Northwest China, Qin fascinated the audience with her dazzling skating performance. Born in the year 2004, this young enthusiast of roller skating and traditional Chinese culture has already secured numerous 3.____________ (victory) in competitions.Qin began her roller skating journey when she was just 6 years old.She felt 4.________ indescribable bond to roller skating, and recognizing her passion, her parents swiftly enrolled her in the sport.From that moment on, she applied herself 5.____________ daily practice with considerable energy. 6．____________ (step) onto the competition stage initially brought about nervousness and mistakes for Qin, resulting in setbacks.She recalled a moment when she fell in the middle of a competition, experiencing a pang of 7.____________ (embarrass), but quickly adjusting her mindset.“Failure is okay.8.________ matters isn't whether you stumble, but whether you stand up again.” Since 2015, Qin 9.____________ (commit) herself to the preservation and promotion of Chinese culture.To ensure that the elegance of Chinese culture was perfectly displayed in roller skating competitions, Qin has invested a lot of time and energy.She said, “I desire to be more than just a roller skater; I aim to be an ambassador of Chinese culture, upholding and advancing 10.____________ (China) magnificent heritage through the integration of roller skating and traditional aesthetics (美学)．” [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了国家自由式轮滑国家队现役队员秦雨晴身着“敦煌飞天”装进行表演，把现代轮滑和古典敦煌艺术巧妙融合，脚步灵动，彩袖飞扬，惊艳全场。 1．解析：impressive。考查形容词。句意：秦雨晴，国家自由式轮滑队的一员，获得了一个令人印象深刻的胜利，这标志着她首次参加成人组的比赛。空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，impress为动词，其形容词形式为impressive“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 2．解析：referred。考查非谓语动词。句意：秦雨晴身着灵感来自中国西北甘肃省敦煌壁画飞天仙子的华服，她令人眼花缭乱的滑冰表演让观众着迷。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰中心词“the celestial singers and dancers”，该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填referred。 3．解析：victories。考查名词。句意：这位出生于2004年的年轻轮滑爱好者和中国传统文化爱好者已经在比赛中取得了无数胜利。victory为名词“成功”，此处为可数名词，根据空前的numerous可知，此处为“已经在比赛中获得了数次成功”，所以用复数形式。故填victories。 4．解析：an。考查不定冠词。句意：她感觉她和轮滑之间有一种难以形容的纽带，意识到她的热情，她的父母立即让她参加了这项运动。此处为“她对轮滑有一种难以形容的感情”，所以空处需要不定冠词，indescribable是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 5．解析：to。考查介词。句意：从那一刻起，她精力充沛地投入到日常练习中。apply oneself to doing sth“致力于做某事”。故填to。 6．解析：Stepping。考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始登上比赛舞台时，秦雨晴会紧张，也会失误，也就导致了挫折。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动名词作主语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Stepping。 7．解析：embarrassment。考查名词。句意：她回忆起自己在一场比赛中摔倒的那一刻，感到一阵尴尬，但很快就调整了心态。空处为介词of的宾语，所以用名词。embarrass为动词，其名词形式为embarrassment“尴尬”。故填embarrassment。 8．解析：What。考查名词性从句连接词。句意：重要的不是你是否跌倒，而是你是否重新站起来。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“重要的事情”，所以用what引导从句。故填What。 9．解析：has committed。考查动词时态。句意：自2015年以来，秦雨晴一直致力于保护和推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语since 2015可知，句子应用现在完成时态。故填has committed。 10．解析：China's。考查名词所有格。句意：我不只是想成为一名轮滑运动员，我的目标是成为中国文化的大使，通过轮滑与传统美学的融合，维护和弘扬中国的伟大传统。根据空后的“magnificent heritage”可知，空处需要名词所有格，表示“中国的伟大遗产”。故填China's。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$