选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Out of this world(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（译林版2019）

Unit 2　Out of this world 重点词汇 (一)阅读常见词——记牢 1．microscope 　　　　 　n．显微镜(助记：micro­＋scope) 2．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 3．rocket n．火箭；火箭武器 4．gravity n．重力，地球引力；严重性；严肃 5．radiation n．辐射，放射线 6．luxury n．不常有的乐趣(或享受)；奢侈品 7．tube n．管，管子；软管(近义：pipe) 8．agency n．机构；代理处 (二)多义辨析词——认清 1．bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 2．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 v．给……交代任务 3．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 4．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护；避难所 vt.保护，掩蔽vi.躲避 (三)核心必背词——用活 1．float around　　　　　　　　 到处漂浮 2．take pills 吃药 3．during our leisure time 在我们的闲暇时间 4．a temporary rather than permanent job 一份临时而不是长期的工作 5．crucial scientific advancement 关键的科学进步 6．travel in orbit 在轨道上运行　　　 拓展词汇 1.absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；缺少的；心不在焉的 2．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupation n．职业；占有→occupied adj.已占用的；使用中的；无空闲的 3．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→evaluation n．评价；评估；估价 4.maintain vt.维持；继续；维修；主张；供养→maintenance n．维护，保养；维持，保持 5．expose vt.揭露，揭发；使曝光；使接触；使体验→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报道 6．visible adj.看得见的；明显的→invisible adj.看不见的；无形的 7．universe n．宇宙，天地万物→universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的；普遍的 8．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.原来的；最初的；独创的；原作的 n．原件；原作→originally adv.起初 9．frequent adj.频繁的；经常的→frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率 10．invest vt.& vi.投资→investment n．投资；投入→investor n．投资者 11．calculate vt.计算，核算；预测→calculator n．计算器；计算者→calculation n．计算；估计 12．cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括→coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围 13．assist vt.参加；协助→assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的→assistance n．援助，帮助 14．incredible adj.难以置信的；极好的，极大的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信地 15．dust n．沙土，尘土；灰尘，尘埃→dusty adj.积满灰尘的 16．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 重点短语 1．cast new light on　　　 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此(同义：in this case) 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到(同义：given that) 4．plain to see 显而易见的(同义：obvious；apparent) 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6．come to an end 结束(同义：come to a close；make an end of sth) 7．at a time 每次(对比：at the time当时) 8．a huge amount of 大量的(同义：a mass of；a good deal of； a large quantity of) 9．long to do 渴望做……(同义：be eager to do，desire to do) 10．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白……(对比：make sense有意义) 单元佳句 1.Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around.(so that 引导目的状语从句) 2．It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back，but the unusual beds don't bother us any more.(It＋be＋adj.＋that...) 3．Splendid as the view of the Earth is，spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.(as引导让步状语从句) 4．That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(why引导表语从句) 5．It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun.(强调句) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，这样我们才不会四处飘浮。 2．睡觉时背部没有压力的感觉有点奇怪，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 3．尽管地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 4．这就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每次的太空行走。 5．正是通过对太空的研究，我们才能确定地球是圆的，它绕着太阳公转。 词汇语境串记 　　There is a heated debate about whether space and universe are worth exploring. Some people believe that space exploration demands huge investment，and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives.But others especially astronauts don't agree.Living in space is their dream.They expect to finish their missions though they are challenging.Due to the absence of gravity，they have to attach themselves in order not to float around.They are occupied in conducting research and evaluating the effects of low gravity on creatures．For a spacewalk，they must put on their spacesuits to protect them from exposure to the cold and radiation．In view of the low­gravity environment，it is a luxury to eat fresh food.Sometimes they must take pills to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients.The results of these space explorations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe and it can also motivate the young to become the scientists of the future. [遮住左栏，忆加黑词汇] 关于太空和宇宙是否值得探索，存在着一场激烈的争论。 有些人认为，太空探索需要巨大的投资，而对提高我们的生活质量毫无帮助。但其他人，尤其是宇航员，并不同意。生活在太空中是他们的梦想。他们希望完成他们的任务，尽管这很有挑战性。由于重力的缺失，他们必须把自己固定住才能避免漂浮。他们忙于进行研究和评估低重力对生物的影响。在太空行走中，他们必须穿上太空服，以保护他们避免暴露在寒冷和辐射之下。鉴于低重力的环境，吃新鲜的食物是一种奢侈。有时，他们必须服用药物，以确保营养物质的均衡供应。这些太空探索的结果对理解宇宙的起源、进化和可能的未来做出了重大贡献，它也可以激励年轻人成为未来的科学家。 Ⅰ.默写单词(每空2分，满分30分) 1．bother 　　　 vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦，困难 2．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务 3．circumstance n．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况 4．furthermore adv.此外，再者 5．vital adj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 6．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力 7．altogether adv.完全；总共；总之 8．crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的 9．merely adv.仅仅，只不过 10．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 11．foundation n．基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会 12．purse n．资金，财源；钱包 13．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 14．shelter n．居所，住处；庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 15．constant adj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的 Ⅱ.默写短语(每空2分，满分20分) 1．cast new light on　　　 使进一步了解…… 2．in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 3．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 4．plain to see 显而易见的 5．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础 6．come to an end 结束 7．at a time 每次 8．a huge amount of 大量的 9．long to do 渴望做…… 10．make sense of 弄清楚/弄明白…… Ⅲ.词形变化填空(每空2分，满分34分) 1．He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry.(absent) 2．The room was very dusty (dust) when I walked in.All the furniture was covered with dust. 3．With the help of the electronic calculator, we can do much calculation work.(calculate)． 4．The founder of the company thinks that respect and communication provide a solid foundation for marriage.(found) 5．There are a huge number of unknown planets in the universe, so these puzzles are very universal．But we believe we can make them clear one day.(universe) 6．The businessman doesn't know exactly the origin of his family.It is originally thought that his ancestors came from Guangdong, China.He is searching for some original materials about it.(origin) 7．As an assistant,__the young university student assisted the professor in carrying out the project.And without his assistance, it couldn't be completed on time.(assist) 8．Thanks to the investment of the foreign company, the local economy has developed rapidly.As a result, more and more investors come to invest here.(invest) Ⅳ.句式仿写(第1、2题每小题5分，第3题6分，满分16分) 1．句型公式：why引导表语从句 它不仅有美丽的风景，而且有各种各样的野生动物。这就是为什么我们要来这里。 Not only does it have beautiful scenery but also it has all kinds of wild animals.This is why we are here． 2．句型公式：强调句型 正是他的勇敢、善良和智慧帮助社区的人们摆脱了洪水。 It was his bravery，kindness and wisdom that helped the community get out of the flood. 3．句型公式：with复合结构 随着社会的快速发展，终身学习对我们来说是必不可少并且至关重要的。 With our society developing rapidly，lifelong learning is essential and vital for us. 1．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 ·in the absence of 不在；缺少 in/during one's absence 某人不在场 absence of mind 心不在焉 ·be absent from 不参加；缺席；缺少 absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my long absence (absent) from school. (2)她带着心不在焉的笑容抬起头，补充说男孩缺课两次了。(神态＋语言描写) She looked up with an absent smile，adding that the boy was absent from class twice. (3)我写信向您道歉，因为上周末我没能参加您的生日派对。(道歉信) I'm writing to apologize to you for being absent from your birthday party last weekend. 2．bother vt.使烦恼；使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰 vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n．麻烦；困难；烦扰 It bothers sb that... 使某人苦恼的是…… bother to do/doing sth 费心做某事 bother with/about sth 花费时间/精力做某事 bother sb with/about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)让我烦恼的是，我们找不到回去的路了，但父亲告诉我不要失去信心。(心理描写) It bothered me that we couldn't find our way back but my father told me not to lose heart. (2)请原谅我为这么一件小事麻烦你。 Pardon me for bothering you with/about such a small matter. 3．occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；工作；职业 ·occupy oneself with sth/(in) doing sth 使某人忙于某事/做某事 ·be occupied with sth/(in) doing sth 忙于某事/做某事 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)The twins soon found themselves occupied (occupy) in cleaning up the kitchen while their father was occupying himself with the breakfast.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) (2)Because they were occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) ①Occupying themselves in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(occupy，分词短语作状语) ②Occupied in making and selling popcorn，they spared no time to play around.(occupied，分词短语作状语) 4．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样 in/under no circumstances 决不(置于句首，句子要用部分倒装语序) if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许的话 【多维训练】　写作迁移 我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 ①In/Under no circumstances should I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，②if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream. 5．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 be comprised of be composed of 由……组成 consist of be made up of 【多维训练】　写作迁移 A traditional Chinese painting exhibition comprised of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center.(2021·浙江6月卷) →A traditional Chinese painting exhibition composed of/made up of/consisting of dozens of works painted by our schoolmates was held yesterday in the art center. 6．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital to/for... 对……至关重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的 be of vital importance 至关重要的 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)这是提高人们保护对人类至关重要的海洋的意识的一天。 It is a day to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans which are vital to human beings． (2)如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为，重要的一点是我们应该从小事做起。(主旨升华) If we want to make a difference in environmental protection, it's vital that we should begin with small things． 7．assistant n．助理；售货员；助教 adj.助理的，副的；有帮助的→assist v．帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．援助，帮助；辅助设备 ·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下 【多维训练】　单句填空/写作迁移 (1)Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance (assist)． (2)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(2021·全国甲卷) I'm wondering if you could assist me in choosing/to choose the suitable topics for the class meeting. (3)在他的老师的帮助下，他逐渐适应了学校生活。 With the assistance of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life. 8．in view of 鉴于，考虑到 come into view 看得见；进入视野 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 in view of 鉴于；考虑到 in one's view＝from one's point of view 在某人看来 view...as... 把……看作…… 【多维训练】　写作迁移 在旅途中，我们可以欣赏到盛开的鲜花、深邃的山谷和美丽的瀑布。一到山顶，美丽的风景就映入眼帘。然而，考虑到大雨，我们尽快找到了一个避难所。 During the trip，we ①had a good view of the blooming flowers，deep valleys and beautiful waterfalls.On arriving at the peak of the mountain, the beautiful scenery ②came into view．However，③in view of the heavy rain, we found a shelter as soon as possible. 9．make sense of 理解；弄懂 make sense 讲的通；有道理；合乎情理 make no sense 没意义 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装) 【多维训练】　写作迁移 (1)Furthermore，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you understand the poems to be learned. →Moreover，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you make sense of the poems to be learned. (2)We should in no sense give up our dreams even if we are faced with many difficulties. →In no sense should we give up our dreams even if we are faced with many difficulties.(倒装) 10．This/That is why...这/那是为什么…… ·This/That is because... 这/那是因为……(because 引导表语从句) ·The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句) (教材原句)That's why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 那就是为什么(我们)要仔细规划好每一次太空行走。 【多维训练】　写作迁移 读经典作品能够丰富我们的日常生活，减轻我们的压力。这就是我们应该多读经典作品的原因。 ①Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.This is why we should read more classics．(This is why...) ②The reason why we should read more classics is that reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.(The reason why...is that...) 1.It bothers us that staring at the screen is harmful to our eyes.(2021·全国乙卷) 2．Under/In no circumstances should we destroy the marine environment for personal interest.(2022·全国甲卷) 3．It is through this activity that I understand that we can't enjoy our life to the fullest in the absence of responsibility.(活动介绍) 4．You are so kind and selfless that you have given me a great deal of constructive and instructive assistance to me.(感谢信) 5．As we all know，there are varieties of resources in the oceans，which are vital to human beings.(2022·全国甲卷) [遮住左栏尝试背诵] 1．盯着屏幕看对我们的眼睛有害，这让我们很烦恼。 2．在任何情况下，我们都不应为了个人利益而破坏海洋环境。 3．正是通过这次活动，我明白了缺乏责任感我们就不能充分享受生活。 4．你是如此的善良、无私，给了我很多建设性和指导性的帮助。 5．众所周知，海洋中有各种各样的资源，这些资源对人类至关重要。 题组一　单句语法填空 1．Potatoes turn green when exposed (expose) to light. 2．Enough sleep is vital to the students' well­being and health. 3．He found his office was under someone else's occupation (occupy)． 4．As far as I know, most people have a preference for the original (origin) plan. 5．I was back teaching after an absence (absent) of 15 years. 6．She's been so occupied with work that she hasn't had time for social activities. 7．The question of what we know and do not know constantly (constant) bothered me. 8．Too much of modern life is rushed and stressful, and neither is calculated to__do (do) you any good. 9．The data show that facial expressions are not universal (universe) signals of human emotion. 10．My father subscribed many magazines with extensive coverage (cover) of diet and health topics. 题组二　多义词汇辨析 1．选出动词occupy的汉语意思 A.使忙碌　B．占领　C．占(时间、空间)；占有；占用 ①During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.__B__ ②Later，I went to a café to have lunch，but all the tables were occupied.__C__ ③His work occupies him for the whole day.__A__ 2．选出句中shelter的词性及含义 A．n.避难所　B．n.居所；住处　C．n.庇护 D．vt.保护；掩蔽　E．vi.躲避 ①The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)__C__ ②The sun beat down，so we sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.__E__ ③Rescue workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.__A__ ④Food，clothing，fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs.__B__ ⑤Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms.__D__ 3．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 ①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.vt.使接触；使体验 ②She has risen from humble origins to immense wealth.n.出身 (一)应用文写作 [求助信——如何专注于学习] 假定你李华，你最近因压力大，无法专注学习而苦恼，为此向你的英国笔友Tom求助，请你用英文给他写一封邮件。内容包括： 1．你遇到的问题； 2．表达感谢。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我之所以写信给你是因为我想请你帮我一个忙。 The reason why I'm writing to you is that I want to ask you to do me a favour. ②因为压力太大，我不能专注于我的学习，这让我很困扰。(it作形式主语) It bothers me that I can't focus on my study because of too much stress. ③我确实想专心学英语，但我做不到。(do表强调) I do want to occupy myself with my English，but I can't make it. ④昨天在课堂上因为心不在焉我被英语老师批评了。 Yesterday I was scolded by my English teacher in class for my absence of mind. ⑤我相信在你的帮助下，我会走出困境。我将感谢你的一切帮助。(宾语从句) I'm sure with the assistance of you I will get out of the trouble. I will appreciate any of your help. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇连句成篇 Dear Tom， The reason why I'm writing to you is that I want to ask you to do me a favour. It bothers me that I can't focus on my study because of too much stress.Actually，I do want to occupy myself with my English，but I can't make it.Yesterday I was scolded by my English teacher in class for my absence of mind. I'm sure with the assistance of you I will get out of the trouble.I will appreciate any of your help. Yours， Li Hua (二)读后续写 [动作与神情描写2——众“说”纷纭] 动词 ①murmur 低语　②answer/reply/respond回答　③shout/scream/yell/cry喊叫　④whisper 悄悄说　⑤criticize 批评 ⑥comfort 安慰　⑦command 命令　 ⑧apologize 道歉　⑨add 补充说　⑩continue 继续说　⑪warn 警告　 ⑫admit 承认　⑬announce 宣布　⑭complain 抱怨　⑮ask 问　⑯roar大声说，吼叫　⑰sigh叹息道　⑱claim宣称 词块 ①say in one's sharp voice 尖声说　②add in a gentle way 温柔地补充道　③reply with a sigh 叹口气回答道 续写场景训练——偷拿东西被发现 1．我的心怦怦直跳，朝收银台走去。我付了三件小东西的钱，正准备离开，这时我感到有人重重地拍了拍我的肩膀。 My heart beating rapidly, I headed for the register.I paid for the three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder.(独立主格结构) 2．他是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他宣称。 He was a big detective.“You stole something.You will be searched，”he claimed． 3．我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 Frightened, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over.(形容词作状语) 4．“百科全书？”他吃惊地问。 “An encyclopedia？”he asked in a surprised voice．(动词＋介词短语) 5．“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说。 “Yes，”I whispered in a trembling voice．(动词＋介词短语) 6．“你为什么不叫你父母买呢？”他又问道。 He asked again，“Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it？” 7．我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。” I murmured，“I did, but they didn't have the money.” 8．他叹了口气道：“告诉你父母你的过错”，然后补充说我可以走了。 He sighed，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing，”adding that I could leave． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$