选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Faster，higher，stronger(word教师用书)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版2019）

学应用文写作思路·背精彩范文 (体裁：邀请信　话题：邀请留学生体验图书馆学习室) 典例呈现 　　(2022·浙江6月卷)假定你是李华，你校图书馆新设了小组学习室。请你给留学生同学Michael写邮件邀请他同去体验，内容包括：1.位置和开放时间；2.室内设施和功能。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文 Dear Michael， Since the new group study room will be open soon, I would like to invite you to go there with me to experience it. The room is on the third floor in our library, which is available for all of the students in our school①.It is said that the room will be open from 8 o’clock to 2 o’clock on weekends. Meanwhile, it is equipped with a lot of advanced equipment, such as the whiteboard, computers and self-service machines. I do believe that it will definitely help the students in their study and improve the efficiency②. Would you please come with me to have a try in this room？ Yours， Li Hua 微点透视 Ⅰ.写作架构 开篇：写信目的 主体：介绍学习室 结尾：提出希望 Ⅱ.亮眼的高级句式 ①which 引导的非限制性定语从句。 ②do 表强调；that 引导宾语从句。 佳句仿写 当然，简历应该根据你的职业规划进行定制，这样你就能充分利用所有的机会。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Of course, the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan, which will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities. 单词默写 根据汉语写单词并背诵 第一组：名词 1．opponent 　　　　 n．(竞争、比赛等的)对手 2．comeback n．东山再起 3．self-belief n．自信 4．shot n．投球，射球，击球 5．footstep n．脚步声；足迹 6．teammate n．队友 学生用书第169页 7．tournament n．锦标赛 8．teamwork 　　　　 n．合作，协作 9．ingredient n．(完成某事的)要素，因素 10．philosophy n．人生哲学 第二组：其他 11．bounce v．(使)弹起，(使)反弹 12．seize v．夺取 13．burst v．突然出现→(过去式/过去分词)burst/burst 14．preliminary adj.初步的；预备的 15．defeat v．战胜，打败 情境运用 选用左栏单词的正确形式填空 1．Troops have seized the airport and railway terminals. 2．If you defeat someone，you win a victory over them in a battle，game，or contest. 3．Norris twice knocked down his opponent in the early rounds of the fight. 4．The best philosophy is to change your food habits to a low-sugar diet. 5．Today’s complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders. 教考衔接 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Last week，in a public debate in San Francisco，a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents... 2．(2023·全国乙卷)As it turned out，Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians. 3．(2020浙江7月卷)By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. 词形转换 第一组：动词变形 1．expect v．预料，预期→expectation n．预料，预期 2．associate v．联想；联系→association n．协会，社团→associated adj.有关联的；相关的 3．assign v．分配，分派→assignment n．分配，分派；任务，工作 4．shine v．发光；反光；照耀→shone/shone(过去式/过去分词)→shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的 5．cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperative adj.合作的；同心协力的 6．remark vi.& vt.评论，谈论→remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的→remarkably adv.非凡地；不寻常地 7．cheat v．欺骗，作弊→cheater n．骗子 第二组：名词、形容词变形 8．surgery n．外科手术→surgeon n．外科医生 9．nerve n．意志力→nervous adj.紧张的 10．mud n．泥；淤泥；泥浆→muddy adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的 11．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的→intensely adv.紧张地，激烈地→intensity n．紧张 12．steel n．钢铁→steely adj.钢铁般的；坚定的 13．sharp adj.锋利的；锐利的；尖的→sharply adv.急剧地；明显地；尖刻地→sharpen v．使提高，使改进→sharpener n．磨具；削具 情境运用 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate) 2．He expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke，but beyond his expectations nobody laughed. (expect) 3．It had been raining for four days when we arrived so that the roads were very muddy (mud). 4．Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment (assign) at the office of a popular English newspaper. 5．He showed remarkable (remark) competence when he faced the difficult problems. 6．While in the past we stressed aid，now we stress economic cooperation (cooperate). 7．Excuse me，could you lend me your new sharpener? My pencil isn’t sharp at all，so I must sharpen it. (sharp) 教考衔接 1．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very nervous (nerve). 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Road accidents，which had fallen for years，are now rising sharply (sharp). 规律总结 重读闭音节动词过去式、过去分词和动词-ing形式需要双写辅音字母。 occur→occurred/occurred/occurring prefer→preferred/preferred/preferring refer→referred/referred/referring permit→permitted/permitted/permitting admit→admitted/admitted/admitting fit→fitted/fitted/fitting 学生用书第170页 短语词块 根据汉语写短语词块并背诵 1．carry on　　　　　 继续 2．day in and day out 日复一日 3．burst onto 突然出现在……(指突然成功) 4．pay off 取得成功 5．once again 再次；再度 6．give way 倒塌，向下垮；让路；屈服 7．a far cry from 与……大不相同 8．go wild (气得或喜得)发狂 9．refer to 提及；谈到；参考；查阅 10．set out 动身；出发；着手 11．beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期 12．follow in one’s footsteps 仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业 13．in a row 连续地 14．be based on 以……为基础 情境运用 选用左栏短语词块的正确形式填空 1．The little girl was determined to become a doctor and her persistence eventually paid off． 2．For the second day in a row Adam was the only guest at breakfast. 3．A major new talent has burst onto the literary scene. 4．People in town reacted in different ways to the news: some got angry，but others went wild with joy. 教考衔接 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. 2．(2022·浙江1月卷)My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. 3．(2020·浙江7月卷)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue，Washington，generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour. 教材原文背诵 佳句仿写运用 1.too...to...意为“太……而不能……” Despite his father’s successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，to be too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps. 当老师让我回答一个问题时，我总是紧张得回答不出来，这让我很难过。 When the teacher asked me to answer a question，I was always too nervous to answer it，which made me very sad. 2.see＋宾语＋宾语补足语 And there we see the Chinese players embracing，with tears of happiness in their eyes... 我照照镜子，觉得自己很像一个留胡须的冒牌医生。 I looked in the glass and saw myself looking like a fake doctor with a beard. 用所给单词的正确形式填空或者填入一个合适的词(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。 As a player，Lang Ping was remarkable 1.for bringing honour and glory to China. As a coach，she led the China women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person，Lang Ping is loved by fans at home 2.and abroad. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination 3.was tested (test).The team that Lang Ping 4.had built(build) was falling apart. One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems. Lang Ping was seized by 5.a burst of sadness，but she did not lose heart. She had faced difficulties before，and she knew that her young players could live up 6.to her expectations and could never 7.be defeated(defeat)if they carried on cooperating 8.with each other as a team. Two weeks later，their efforts paid 9.off and they were world champions! Then in 2016，Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil. 学生用书第171页 Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透 expectation n．预料，预期 单句语法填空/应用文写作之申请信 ①The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours，which was totally beyond my expectations (expect). ②Jacy pretended to be learning about the whole thing，expecting (expect) us to tell the truth. ③我相信我的热情和投入一定不会辜负您的期望。 I am convinced that my enthusiasm and devotion will come/live up to your expectations． [中国元素]　With great expectation，travelers climbed up to Mount Tai，longing to witness the sunrise from its top. 怀着极大的期望，游客们爬上泰山，渴望在山顶见证日出。 (1)expectation n．期望；期待 beyond(sb’s) expectation(s)超出(某人的)预期 in(the) expectation of 预料；期望；指望 live/come up to one’s expectations 不负某人所望；达到某人期望 with great expectations 怀着极大的期望 (2)expect v．期望；预料 expect(sb) to do sth 期待(某人)做某事 be expected to do sth预计做某事；被期待做某事 remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的 单句语法填空/应用文写作之地方介绍 ①Beyond her wildest dreams，her name took a remarkable (remark) position，topping the list of highly qualified performers. ②The teacher made a remark on/upon my essay，adding that it was well written，which made me proud. ③该市不仅以其风景而著称，而且还以其各种美味小吃而闻名。 The city is not only remarkable for its scenery but also known for its various tasty snacks. [真题衔接]　④(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable (remark)development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here... (1)be remarkable for因……引人注目 (2)remark n．[C]谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 (3)remark on/upon...谈论/评论…… remark that...谈到/说起…… (4)make a remark/remarks on/upon...对……发表评论/看法 burst v．突然出现 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作情感细节描写 ①Suddenly，the door burst open，and the bright sunlight came bursting (burst) in. ②The girl burst out crying on hearing the sad news. ③一怒之下，我砰地把门关上。 In a sudden burst of anger，I slammed the door. [真题衔接]　④(2021·天津3月卷)I didn’t think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. 学生用书第172页 (1)burst (sth) open猛然打开 burst in 闯入；打断 burst into a room 闯进房间 burst into flames/tears/laughter/applause 突然烧起来/哭起来/笑起来/掌声雷动 burst out crying/laughing 突然哭起来/笑起来 (2)a sudden burst of ……的迸发 seize v．夺取 单句语法填空/读后续写之情感描写 ①He sprung to his feet，seized (seize) the money from her and dashed out. ②Adam seized the thief by the arm and got his money back. ③我惊恐万分吓得瑟瑟发抖，一生中从未这么害怕过。 I was seized by a wave of fear．Shaking like a leaf，I had never been so scared in all my life. [中国元素]　To truly seize the essence of Chinese cuisine，one must be in the spicy flavors of Sichuan cuisine, which awakens the taste to a whole new world of culinary delight. 要真正抓住中国菜的精髓，你必须品尝川菜的辛辣味道，唤醒味觉到一个全新的烹饪乐趣世界。 (1)seize v．抓住；(感觉、疼痛)侵袭 seize sth from sb 从某人手中夺取某物 seize sb by the...抓住某人……(的某个身体部位) seize the chance/opportunity to do sth 抓住做某事的机会 seize on/upon抓住(可利用的事物)；突然对…… 大为关注 (2)sth(表情感的名词) seize sb ＝sb be seized with/by sth(表情感的名词)感到无比…… carry on 继续 单句语法填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①I was requested to carry on with my work unless ordered to the contrary. ②Despite the failure of the test，she believed her determination and hard work would carry her through tough times. ③他双腿颤抖地站了起来，继续沿路慢慢地走着。 He rose to his feet on shaky legs，and carried on walking slowly down the road． [真题衔接]　④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)In the final chapter of part one，I’ll guide you through carrying (carry) out your own digital declutter. (1)carry on doing sth 继续做某事 carry on(with) sth 继续某事 (2)carry sth through 成功完成某事 carry out 实施；履行；贯彻 carry off 赢得；获得 get carried away 变得激动 pay off 取得成功 单句语法填空/读后续写之场景描写 ①I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. ②You won’t get paid (pay) for time off unless you have a doctor’s note. ③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)观众们爆发出热烈的掌声，大卫为完成比赛所付出的努力最终得到了回报。 The audience erupted into loud applause and David’s efforts to finish the race eventually paid off． [真题衔接]　④(2021·浙江6月卷)Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service，but Paulo’s hunch(直觉)paid off． 学生用书第173页 pay off付清；有好结果 pay for sth 付某物的钱；为某物付出代价 pay sb for sth 为……支付某人钱 pay back偿还(欠款)；报复；回报 Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移 句型公式：see＋宾语＋宾语补足语 单句语法填空/读后续写之场景描写 ①The bear was seen running (run) into the forest and I seized the chance to take a photo of him. ②During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish being fed (feed) by people. ③他听到了瀑布另一端传来的说话声。他大声喊，但流水声淹没了他的声音。 He heard voices coming from the other side of the fall. He yelled，but the sound of the rushing water swallowed his voice out． [真题衔接]　④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging (hang) from the balcony. (1)see＋宾语＋doing(主动的正在进行的动作)看见……在做某事 (2)see＋宾语＋do(动作的全过程)看见……做了某事 (3)see＋宾语＋done看见……被……(已经完成的或者是被动的动作) (4)能用于该结构的动词(短语)还有watch，hear，notice，listen to，observe，feel等。 Part 3　知识拾遗·查缺补漏 Ⅰ.单元词汇拾遗 短语背诵 in association with与……关联 give way倒塌，向下垮 on one’s own feet自力更生 语境运用 1．The company organised the event in association with several local businesses. 2．Suddenly the snow gave way beneath his fore legs and he sank down. 3．After his parents died，he had to learn to stand on his own feet． Ⅱ.熟词生义——写出句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 1．(2023·全国乙卷)“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I’m ready to shine.” And shine she did. 出色；出类拔萃 2．My pencil is blunt—I’ll have to sharpen it. 使变锋利 3．Recent changes have sharpened competition between the airlines. 加剧 4．I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me. 被(情绪)控制 5．I didn’t have the nerve to tell him what I really thought of his suggestion. 胆量，勇气 Ⅰ.应用文写作增分练 [单元语料积累] 单元话题 体育精神——描述学校运动会 单元词汇 organise, intense, remarkable, teamwork, opponent; carry on, pay off 经典句型 分词短语作状语；with复合结构； not only/just... but also... ; which引导定语从句 [句子基础写作] 请根据汉语提示，使用上面所列本单元知识完成句子。 1．我们学校在10月20日组织了一次运动会。所有学生都参加了。 Our school organised a sports meeting on 20 Oct. All the students took part in it． 学生用书第174页 2．运动会于7：30在操场上举行，很激烈，远远超出了我们的预期。 Held at 7：30 on the playground, the sports meeting became very intense, which was far beyond our expectations． 3．所有的运动员都尽力达到自己的最佳状态。 All the athletes tried their best to achieve their personal best. 4．他们与对手竞争。一些学生为他们欢呼。 They competed against their opponents with some students cheering for them． 5．随着他们在各种比赛中以胜利者姿态出现，他们的努力终于得到了回报。 Their efforts eventually paid off as they emerged victorious in various events. 6．运动会是一场竞赛，它是个人成长和发展的平台。 The sports meeting was a competition. It was a platform for personal growth and development． 7．本着这种快乐的精神，学校运动会真正成为一个值得纪念的事件，展示了学生们的决心和团队精神。 Carrying on this joyful spirit, the school sports meeting truly became a memorable event, showcasing the students’ determination and teamwork． [语段衔接成篇] 请运用恰当的过渡衔接词组织语段 Our school organised a sports meeting on 20 Oct. And all the students took part in it. Held at 7: 30 on the playground, the sports meeting became very intense even at the beginning, which was far beyond our expectations. All the athletes tried their best to achieve their personal best. They competed against their opponents with some students cheering for them. Their efforts eventually paid off as they emerged victorious in various events. The sports meeting was not just a competition, but it also was a platform for personal growth and development. Carrying on this joyful spirit, the school sports meeting truly became a memorable event, showcasing the students’ determination and teamwork. Ⅱ.读后续写微技能——人物失望失落情绪描写 [素材积累巧背] 基础词汇 ①形容词：disappointed失望的，lonely孤独的，alone独自的 ②名词：disappointment失望，loneliness孤独 ③副词：disappointingly令人失望地，regrettably遗憾地，unhappily不幸地 必备词块 ①be overcome/consumed with/be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望 ②to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 ③hide/mask one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望 ④cry with disappointment 失望地哭出来 ⑤a look of disappointment/loneliness spread over one’s face脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 ⑥be heavy with(a sense of)loneliness 心里满是孤独 一、根据所给汉语完成句子 1．她所有的希望似乎都在她面前破灭了，使她在绝望的海洋中感到空虚。 All her hopes seemed to be lost before her, leaving her feeling empty in a sea of despair． 2．未能实现的期望沉重地压在她的肩上。 The weight of unfulfilled expectations settled heavy on her shoulders． 3．她失望地垂下了脸，眼睛里的光芒随着时间的流逝而暗淡。 Her face fell as disappointment washed over her, the light in her eyes dimming with each passing moment． 4．一种深深的失落感填满了她的心。 A deep sense of loss filled her heart. 二、按照合适的逻辑关系将上面句子重新排序合并成语段 Her face fell as disappointment washed over her, the light in her eyes dimming with each passing moment. The weight of unfulfilled expectations settled heavy on her shoulders, and a deep sense of loss filled her heart. All her hopes seemed to be lost before her, leaving her feeling empty in a sea of despair. 单元测评21　Unit 3　Faster，higher，stronger (时间：60分钟，满分：100分) (本栏目内容在学生用书中以活页形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题5分，共40分) A (2024·云南昆明三诊一模) A dad says he’s built a special bond with his two-year-old daughter after running a series of long distance races with her strapped(用带子系) to his back. Chris Greenbank, 36, a stonemason(石匠) from Stockport, Greater Manchester, even managed to complete a half marathon carrying the youngster in a special hiking carrier. The single father, who has suffered from anxiety in the past, has been raising money for mental health support group Project 23.The group, which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems, was set up by Chris’s friend Mark Sproston. Chris’s latest Runnorthwests festive 10k in Cheshire was his fourth race and he says possibly their last, as the kid may be too heavy in spring. Besides, Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter.“No matter how difficult it is, I want to get both of us a festive, Christmas medal before it gets too cold.” He added，“We have four medals now and we have run 51km in total.” In October Chris took just under three hours to complete the Manchester Half Marathon with his daughter on his back. The dad says his little girl rested her hand on his shoulder and kept it there for the whole duration of the run. He said，“Our bond isn’t something you can even put into words. My heart is full.” Chris, who says exercise is an important part of positive mental health, believes there should be no reason why people can’t exercise because they have kids. The pair also ran the Wilmslow 10k in July this year and Chester Zoo 10k in October. Chris says of his daughter，“She loves it, and they are like mini adventures.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位曾患有焦虑症的单身父亲Chris为帮助公益组织Project 23募集资金，身背女儿参加了一系列马拉松比赛，同时他也与女儿建立了更深的感情。 1．What do we know about Project 23? A．It was founded by Chris Greenbank. B．It has organized 4 marathon events. C．It helps people with psychological problems. D．It offers medical care to the disabled. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Project 23是一个旨在帮助有心理健康问题的人的公益组织。故选C项。 2．Why did Chris run the marathon in Cheshire with his daughter? A．To show the public his running skills. B．To win a medal for their Christmas. C．To raise money for his serious illness. D．To develop his habit of doing sports. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter how difficult it is... before it gets too cold.”可知，Chris和他的女儿在Cheshire 参加马拉松比赛是想为圣诞节赢得一枚奖牌。故选B项。 3．Which of the following words can best describe Chris? A．Caring and loving. B．Frank and demanding. C．Ambitious and particular. D．Generous and outgoing. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The single father... health support group Project 23.”和第四段中的“Besides, Chris had been... medal before it gets too cold.”可知，Chris 帮助心理健康支持组织Project 23筹款，并且担心天太冷冻着女儿，还计划在天太冷前不管多难也要得到圣诞奖牌。由此可知，Chris内心充满了爱与关怀。故选A项。 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce ways to relieve anxiety. B．To show training methods of running. C．To involve readers in charity activities. D．To share a story of a father and a daughter. 答案：D 解析：写作意图题。根据首段“A dad says he’s built a ... strapped(用带子系) to his back.”以及下文中讲述的Chris身背女儿参加一系列马拉松比赛的情况可知，本文的写作意图是分享一对父女的故事。故选D项。 B An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically(从基因方面) valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species’ survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts. Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement Friday, posting a video of the cute birds on social media. They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they’re ready for a public appearance. African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jess Peranteau, director of animal care and education at the aquarium. “As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline—down 23% in the past two years alone—OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with other Association of Zoos and Aquariums，” Peranteau said in a statement. The breeding program established by the association aims to build up a gene bank for the species. Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux—a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program. The third chick was born to first-time parents Bubbles and Weasley. Aquarium workers will regularly conduct“chick checks”，brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones. The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn’t yet been determined. For now they’re known by their numbers, 42, 43 and 44.In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatchings. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OdySea水族馆与其他动物园和水族馆协会致力于保护非洲企鹅的生存，做出了一系列努力并取得了成就。 5．How did OdySea Aquarium celebrate the birth of the chicks? A．By advertising its breeding program. B．By uploading a video of them online. C．By holding a contest to name them. D．By offering a free visit to the zoo. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement Friday, posting a video of the cute birds on social media.”可知，OdySea水族馆的官员将这些几周前孵化的可爱的企鹅幼崽的视频发布在网上，庆祝三只企鹅幼崽的诞生。故选B项。 6．What is special about OdySea Aquarium? A．It works on its own to protect penguins. B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins. C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far. D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“OdySea Aquarium remains... other Association of Zoos and Aquariums”可知，OdySea水族馆致力于与其他动物园和水族馆协会合作，保护非洲企鹅的生存。故选D项。 7．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks? A．They were born to the same parents. B．They were raised by a power couple. C．Their gender has been identified. D．Their growth is monitored closely. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，水族馆的工作人员定期对这三只企鹅幼崽进行检查，通过简短的检查来监测它们的生长发育情况。由此可推断，这三只幼崽是在工作人员的密切监测下成长的。故选D项。 8．Which is the text mainly about? A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium. B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public. C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations. D．Newly-born penguins are taken good care of in zoos. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容特别是第一段可知，本文通过介绍OdySea水族馆庆祝三只濒危的非洲企鹅的成功孵化引出话题，围绕OdySea水族馆与其他动物园和水族馆协会致力于保护该物种的生存所做出的一系列努力以及所取得的成就展开讲述。由此可知，文章主要是关于“濒危非洲企鹅在OdySea水族馆孵化”的。故选A项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题6分，共30分) If you travel to nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, you will see people, mostly men wearing T-shirts, sitting out on the sidewalks on low chairs in the shade, playing a game with large round disks of wood. 　1　 Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period. While experts have different opinions as to who created Xiangqi and how it is linked to Western chess, there is no doubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a popular game in China. 　2　 And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game. And, though it may look quite a bit different from Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can do and how the game is played. Like Western chess, the object of the game is to capture the other player’s “king”. 　3　 Unlike Western chess, instead of placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed on the intersections of lines. Another big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle of the board, which the elephants cannot cross. 　4　 This space refers to an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-or-death war. The war was so influential that “the Chu River and the Han Boundary” has become a metaphor(隐喻) referring to any boundary between two opposing armies. When the Chinese people today see this name on the board, the battle scenes come to their mind, as though they are surrounded by thick smoke, able to hear the beating of war drums. 　5　 A．Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general. B．During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew. C．It is called“the Chu River and the Han Boundary”． D．The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people. E．There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess. F．An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard. G．Several sayings related to Xiangqi are in common use in China today. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国象棋以及中国象棋与国际象棋的不同之处。 1．答案：D 解析：上文描述了玩游戏的景象，说明这种游戏在中国非常普及和受欢迎；下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period”介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时期。由此可知，本空应该指出上文提及的a game是中国象棋，所以D项“The game is called Xiangqi, a game of ordinary people.”承上启下，符合逻辑。故选D项。 2．答案：B 解析：上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States period... a popular game in China.”提到象棋在中国历史悠久，可追溯到战国时期，并在唐代时盛行；下文“And in the 20th century both Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai were big fans of the game.”介绍了在20世纪中国象棋在中国的受欢迎程度。由此可知，此段按照时间顺序介绍了中国象棋在中国的发展，所以空处应该按照时间顺序介绍唐代之后的一个时期中国象棋的发展情况。B项“During the Qing Dynasty its popularity grew.”符合时间上的逻辑关系，故选B项。 3．答案：A 解析：根据上文“Xiangqi is actually quite similar in... the other player’s ’king’．”可知，中国象棋和国际象棋有相似之处，和国际象棋一样，中国象棋的目的也是“擒王”，而二者又有不同之处。A项“其实，在中国象棋中，它就是将/帅。)”符合语境，故选A项。 4．答案：C 解析：空处上一句“Another big difference...”提到，棋盘中有个大的空白是象不能越过的；空处下文“This space refers to... between two opposing armies.”指出这个空白地方与一场生死战争相关，并谈及“楚河汉界”，所以空处应介绍这个空白地方的名称。C项“It is called ’the Chu River and the Han Boundary’．”符合逻辑，故选C项。 5．答案：F 解析：上文提到“楚河汉界”是一种隐喻，下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面中。F项“An intense battle is about to take place on this small chessboard.”承接上文，符合逻辑，选项中的An intense battle 与上文中的“the battle scenes come to their mind... the beating of war drums”表达的意思一致，on this small chessboard 与上文中的on the board 一致。故选F项。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题3分，共30分) (2024·龙岩二模) Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing in Beijing. With its brilliant cultural elements，it 1.________ (involve)in the first ones of China’s national cultural heritage items in 2006. The earliest historical references of this art can be traced back 2.________ the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Qing Dynasty，it 3.________ (gradual)gained popularity in and around the capital，and then it was introduced to Mentougou District of Beijing. Initially，the drums were played on New Year’s Eve. As 4.________ consequence，the performance became recognised as the “New Year Drum”．This dance is frequently seen 5.________ (perform)during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities，thus 6.________ (convey)people’s hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come. In the performance，Drummers perform a 7.________ (diverse)of dance moves while grabbing the drum in left hands and a mallet(木槌)in right hands. Traditional Chinese artistic concepts 8.________ (reflect)in the drum playing，all of which represent distinctive local features. Mentougou District has made efforts 9.________ (preserve)this signature folk dance culture. Today，Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by numerous young people 10.________ consider it their responsibility to present its lively artistic charm on a global stage. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种传统的舞蹈形式——京西太平大鼓。 1．答案：was involved 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2006”可知，应使用一般过去时，且involve与主语it之间为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，故填was involved。 2．答案：to 解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语trace back to，意为“追溯到”，符合句意，故填to。 3．答案：gradually 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词gained，故填gradually。 4．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。此处为固定短语as a consequence，意为“因此”，符合句意，故填a。 5．答案：performed 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作补语，perform与逻辑主语This dance之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，故填performed。 6．答案：conveying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，convey与逻辑主语This dance之间为主动关系，所以使用动词-ing形式，故填conveying。 7．答案：diversity 解析：考查词性转换。此处为短语a diversity of意为“各种各样的”修饰名词短语dance moves，故填diversity。 8．答案：are reflected 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词represent以及本段的语境可知，此处应为一般现在时，reflect与句子主语concepts之间为被动关系，且主语为名词复数，故填are reflected。 9．答案：to preserve 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为固定用法make efforts to do sth意为“努力做某事”，且Mentougou District与preserve之间为主动关系，故填to preserve。 10．答案：who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，且先行词为young people，指人，故填who/that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$