专题5 第1讲 定语从句(ppt课件)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版2019）

第一讲　定语从句 专题五　五彩缤纷的句式 高考 考法 洞悉 零距离接触高考题 高考技巧点拨 1.(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is also a place 63._____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life. 2.(2023·全国甲卷)The form of the fable still has values today，63.____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”． 3.(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America 64._______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings. 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I looked around and finally spotted David，_____ was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. 5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Road accidents，_______ had fallen for years，are now rising sharply. 考查关系词的选择： 1.从句中缺少主语或宾语，用关系代词； 2.从句中缺少状语，用关系副词。 that/which as where who which 网络建构 一目了然 语法精讲 解惑释疑 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语 whose 人或物 定语 As 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 Some people who/that are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。 He is the man (whom/who/that) you are looking for. 他就是你正在找的那个人。 The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 Catherine let out a sigh as she scooped the frightened chicken up in her arms，whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body. 凯瑟琳把那只受惊的小鸡抱在怀里，发出一声叹息，小鸡的心脏在瘦骨嶙峋的小身体里跳动得很快。 Such people as have made a contribution to the world should be respected. 那些对世界做出贡献的人应受到尊重。 2．关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时 先行词被any，few，little，much，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时 先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 主句是who或which等引出的特殊疑问句时 只用which的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that 介词后边用which不用that We should do everything that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。 This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now. 这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。 The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well-known now. 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。 I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。 考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词的基本用法 先行词 关系副词 句法功能 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示原因的名词：reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which Whenever I recall the moment when(at which)I stepped into this school，this class will come into my mind，bringing sweet memory. 每当我回忆起走进这所学校的那一刻，这个班级就会浮现在我的脑海中，带来甜蜜的回忆。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where (in which) they can gain experience for growth. 学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。 The reason why(for which) he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。 名师点津　1.先行词为抽象名词point，position，situation，stage，state，case，scene 等后常用where引导定语从句。 He said if we really got to the point where we needed to use life jackets，he would have already died of terror. 他说如果我们真到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 2．先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health. 我记得他很少有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。 Please describe an occasion where you met with real difficulties. 请描述一个你遇到真正困难的场合。 3．reason作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。 The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you give. 老板不想听你所给的任何理由。 2．关系副词与关系代词的选择 选用关系代词与关系副词时，首先应明确关系副词不可作主语或宾语。若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句需用关系代词引导；从句的谓语是及物动词，而其后无宾语，就必须用关系代词替代先行词充当其宾语；若为不及物动词，则从句中不需要宾语，需要用关系副词。 The factory where he once worked is closed now. 他曾经工作过的工厂现在关闭了。 The factory that/which he set up last year is operating well. 他去年建立的工厂运转良好。 小题微练1——单句语法填空 1．The reason _____ he was late was that his car broke down on the way. 2．Many young people，most of _____were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 3．I’m grateful that the assistant responded in a way _____________ made me rethink the power of my words. 4．First，we went to Mount Tai，______is a very famous tourist spot in China. 5．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，______ the weather may be better. 6．The air quality in the city，____ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two years. why whom that/which which when as 7．When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons ______ they could remember in the school. 8．World Ocean Day，______falls on June 8th，is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 9．I enjoyed my stay in the library _______ I could read various books I was interested in. 10．The scientists designed experiments，_______ goal was to prove whether plants could learn. that which where whose 考点3　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级，some，many，each等)＋of＋关系代词 主语 关系代词只能用which或whom 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which和whose The school at which I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 我只在那里上了两年学的那所学校离这里有3 000米远。 I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。 名师点津　“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法： 方法一：根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。 方法二：根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。 方法三：根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。 考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达) 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开 可用所有引导词引导 不可以用that引导 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 He is the man who/that came to see you yesterday. 他是昨天来看你的那个人。 The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us. 运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。 2．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 As we all know，smoking is harmful to health. 我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。 He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us. 他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事。 可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事也可修饰先行词。 只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。 3．非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别 非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。 He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows. Most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 他付给那个男孩10美元洗窗户，大部分窗户至少有一年没擦了。 小题微练2——单句语法填空 1．I’ll never forget the day ____ which we worked together in the countryside. 2．Yesterday we visited the Spouting Spring _____ which Jinan is famous. 3．There is nobody to ______ he can turn for help. 4．I don’t agree with the climate ____ which they’ve been accustomed for years. 5．For instance，in Lima，the capital of Peru，there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，about 70 percent of _______ were set up by local doctors. on for whom to which 素养提能 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago，_______ thousands were attending a water conference. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David had a brain disease _____________ prevented him from walking or running like other children. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，_____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. where that which/that who 5．(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，_______ was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th，2019. 6．(2021·浙江卷)Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one，but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle，_____ was a well-known actor. 7．China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 8．Dr. Rowan，_______ secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 9．In rural areas，_______ ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive，the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. 10．Many lessons are now available online，from _______ students can choose for free. which who where whose where which Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．(2023·浙江1月卷)不知不觉，挤奶房出现在我的视野中，我发现破窗户已经修好了。 Unknowingly，the milking house appeared in my vision，________________ _____________________________________________. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)我是唯一一个母语不是英语的获胜者。 I was the only winner _______________________________________. 3．后来，他在非洲工作，那里许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。 Later，he worked in Africa，________________________________________ for lack of proper treatment． 4．谢谢你的来信，这真的让我很高兴。 Thank you for your letter，___________________________. in which I spotted whose native language wasn’t English where many people suffered from blindness which really made me happy that the broken window had been repaired Ⅲ.语法与语篇 　　There was a time 1.______ I was tired of learning English. And this is the reason 2._____ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club. When I first came to the club，3._______ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. Fortunately，my guide，4._______ teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face，from 5.______ I gained some useful instructions. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.____________we did. My father and the guide 7.___________ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8._______ I put my entire energy. when why where whose whom that/which who/that which 　　Every day I will recall my passages，through 9._______ I can memorize a large number of new words.10._____our English teacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day，we will conquer English sooner or later.” which As 谢谢观看 $$