专题4 第2讲 非谓语动词(ppt课件)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（外研版2019）

第二讲　非谓语动词 专题四　千变万化的动词 高考 考法 洞悉 零距离接触高考题 1.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left 65._________ (want) more next time. 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60.__________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas. 3.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) 61.__________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 4.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Forbidden City，58.____________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 5.(2023·北京卷)She called for action ____________ (address)the struggles of people around the world ________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”． wanting visiting to teach surrounded to address facing 高考技巧点拨 考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补足语、主语和表语)： 1.判断非谓语在句中所作的成分； 2.作定语、状语和补足语时，需要找出其逻辑主语或所修饰的词，确定其具体的形式； 3.作主语、宾语使用动名词和动词不定式； 4.作表语使用现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式。 网络建构 一目了然 语法精讲 解惑释疑 考点1　非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 动词 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在 分词 doing being done √ √ √ √ having done having been done     √ √ √ √ 过去 分词   done(vt.) 表被动与完成     √ √ √ √ 考点2　非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等 (1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。 We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our sky blue again. 我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制空气污染，使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。 (2)表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。 I reached the station only to find my train had already left. 我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。 名师点津　动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，而动词-ing形式表示自然而然的结果。 The spirit of sports connects people of different nations and colors for a shared future，making the world a better place. 体育精神将不同民族、不同肤色的人们连接在一起，实现命运共同体，让世界变得更加美好。 (3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised 等。 I am frightened to find that in front of my door sits a dog. 我惊恐地发现门前坐着一只狗。 2．动词-ing 形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 3．动词-ed形式作状语 动词-ed形式作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Wrapped in a warm blanket，Lizzy sits beside her family，looking at her mom on the bed. 裹着一条温暖的毯子，利齐坐在家人身边，看着床上的妈妈。 4．独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/动词-ed形式/动词-ing形式/动词不定式 (2)特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 The work done(＝After the work had been done)，we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海边郊游。 He is lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands are crossed under his head). 他正躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下。 小题微练1——单句语法填空 1．Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their heads from windows，__________ (watch) the performance. 2． ______________(remember) all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office，write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 3．He hurried to the station，only ____________(inform) that the train had left. 4．He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night，_________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine. watching To remember to be informed trapped 考点3　非谓语动词作定语 1．动词不定式作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。 I can’t think of any good advice to give her. 我想不出任何好的建议给她。 (2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰，且动词不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 You’re the first exchange student to win this honor. 你是第一个获此殊荣的交换生。 (3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用动词不定式作后置定语且动词不定式常用主动形式，常见的此类名词有ability，chance，idea，plan，way，opportunity等。 As long as you grasp every opportunity and take full advantage of it，you will stand a chance to realize your dreams. 只要你抓住机会，充分利用机会，你就有机会实现梦想。 名师点津　作定语的动词不定式中，如果其中的动词是不及物动词，动词不定式后面就要用必要的介词。 2．动词-ing形式作定语 该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时，用动词-ing 形式。 The questions weighing on my mind were answered. 萦绕在我心头的问题得到了解答。 名师点津　被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用动词-ing形式的被动式作定语。 3．动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 What’s more，we should attach importance to our visual health and control the time spent on electronic devices. 更重要的是，我们应该重视我们的视觉健康，控制花在电子设备上的时间 小题微练2——单句语法填空 1．A comprehensive exhibition on Su Shi，a Chinese culture symbol person ________ (live) in the 11th century，opened at China’s Palace Museum on September 1st. 2．In my everyday life，I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ___________ (reduce) my carbon footprint on the planet. 3．The question _________________ (discuss) now is very important. 4．They find comfort among the shelves ________ (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help. 5．When we got a call ________ (say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. living to reduce being discussed packed saying 考点4　非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1．感官动词和短语(see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel)后的宾语补足语常见的非谓语动词形式有三种(do，doing，done)。do表示主动和完成(被动句中动词不定式符号to要还原)，doing表示主动或正在进行，done 表示被动或完成。 As I approached them，I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet. 当我走近他们时，我注意到两人拖着脚，湿着鞋笨拙地向前跑。 2．使役动词后面的宾语补足语。动词let，make，have，get，leave，keep后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。 On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better. 相反，那些让青少年体会了他们行为后果的人能够做得更优秀。 3．常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise，allow，encourage，request，warn等。 They all have excellent skills，which will allow us to communicate and learn better and improve our skiing skills. 他们都有出色的技术，这将使我们更好地交流和学习，提高我们的滑雪技能。 4．with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。 Without anyone noticing，I stole into the room. 没有人注意到，我偷偷溜进了房间。 小题微练3——单句语法填空 1．Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him _____________ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination. 2．With such a short time ______ (leave) before the deadline，it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the job. 3．With a lot of difficult problems __________(settle)，he can’t get home early. 4．Not seeing or hearing any fire engines _____________ (approach)，Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. 5．Don’t leave the water _________ (run) while you brush your teeth. to overcome left to settle approaching running 考点5　非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 1．非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式 (1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未发生的动作。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies，and I also like to read short stories. 跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。 To complete the programme needs much effort. 要完成这个项目需要很多努力。 (2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。 常见句型有：It is/was no use/good doing sth；It is/was not any use/good doing sth；It is/was of little use/good doing sth; It is/was useless doing sth; It’s a waste of time doing sth; It is easy/important/vital/necessary/difficult to do sth等。 It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person. 要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。 2．非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式 (1)只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语) ①喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid) ②不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk) ③感激承认很值得(appreciate，admit，worth) ④介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off) ⑤允许完成是期望(allow/permit，finish，look forward to) ⑥建议继续勤操练(suggest，go on，practise) ⑦致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on) ⑧继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss) The thief kept running to avoid being caught by the police. 小偷不停地跑以避免被警察抓住。 (2)只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语) ①三个希望两答应(hope，wish，expect，agree，promise) ②两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse) ③设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine) ④不要假装在选择(pretend，choose/select) ⑤打算提出俩计划(intend，offer，plan，mean) ⑥申请失败负担起(apply，fail，afford) ⑦准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen) ⑧此外threaten，can’t wait to do sth等也要用动词不定式作宾语 At the same time，I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things. 与此同时，我决定更努力地学习，而不是浪费宝贵的时间在那些无用的东西上。 名师点津　1.动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 2．动词不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who等。 (3)既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟动词不定式的动词和短语但意义不相同的有：remember，forget，regret，stop，go on，mean，start，begin，try等 I mean to go，but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我的父亲不让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 提高工资意味着增加购买力。 3．非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词不定式 动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而动词-ed形式作表语意为“感到……的”。动词不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。 The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。 She was exhausted. 她筋疲力尽。 小题微练4——单句语法填空 1．Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier _________ (make) eco-friendly lifestyle choices. 2． ________ (be)with family and _______ (do) things together can help. 3．What I want to do most in senior high is ___________(improve) my English. 4．There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in __________ (green) the desert. 5．Eventually Deere expects ________ (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor. to make Being doing to improve greening to add 谢谢观看 $$