主题素养练案 (30) 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·长沙市新高考适应性考试)Sylvester James Gates, former president of the American Physical Society，appears in a number of documentaries, and is the receiver of countless awards. Looking back at his career, Gates credited MIT as his “intellectual birthing ground”．In fact, his path to MIT started at home.He still remembers that when he was a child，his father asked him and his three younger siblings a question：What college do you plan to attend？His father had spent his own childhood on a sugarcane farm, and then worked in the army for 27 years，never having had the opportunity to attend college himself. “But he had the iron faith that education was the way to make progress for our family，”Gates said. Gates first learned of MIT when he was 14.He was watching a television show，with a character who happened to be an MIT student.It left such an impression that Gates declared to his father that MIT was the college he wanted to attend.But as he recalled，“That dream almost never happened.” He spent his high school years in Florida.He and his friends started a chess team.When they visited other high schools for matches，he saw the quality of everything, from the facilities, to the desks, and even the books—especially the books—was better than those at his own school. This experience made him hesitate in applying to MIT.But his father，remembering Gates' early declaration，insisted.When the acceptance letter came，it was his father who gave him the news，while he was sitting on the family's rocking sofa.“He was energetically going back and forth，back and forth, and then he looked up and saw me, smiling the biggest smile，”Gates said.“And that was my introduction to MIT—that very personal welcoming from my father，who let me know that my dream could come true.” [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文讲述了Sylvester James Gates 在父亲的引导与坚持下成功考入麻省理工学院的故事。 1．What do we know about Gates? A．He is the president of MIT. B．He has got lots of honors. C．His path to MIT began on a farm. D．His service in the army lasted 27 years. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“appears in a number of documentaries, and is the receiver of countless awards.”可知，Gates出现在很多纪录片中并获得了无数奖项，故选B。 2．Which of the following can best describe Gate's father? A．Insightful. B．Picky. C．Educated. D．Hesitant. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中Gates对父亲的介绍“But he had the iron faith that education was the way to make progress for our family (父亲有着坚定的信念：教育是我们的家庭进步的途径)”以及下文作者长大后的确如父亲坚信的那样考入麻省理工学院可推知，父亲颇有远见，故选A。insightful“有远见的”；picky“挑剔的”；educated“受过良好教育的”；hesitant“犹豫的”。 3．What made Gates apply to MIT? A．The iron faith in his high school career. B．His father's insistence on his early dream. C．The experience of visiting high schools. D．His communication with an MIT student. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This experience made him hesitate in applying to MIT.But his father, remembering Gates' early declaration，insisted”可知，Gates看到自己与其他同学的差距后对申请麻省理工学院犹豫不决，但他的父亲牢记他早期的宣言，坚持让他申请。正是由于父亲的坚持使得Gates申请了麻省理工学院，故选B。 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．It's never too late to learn. B．Knowledge makes one humble. C．Making mistakes is part of learning. D．Birth is much but education is more. 解析：选D。推理判断题。文章讲述了Gates在父亲的引导与坚持下成功考入麻省理工学院的故事。从父亲的角度来看，父亲出身甘蔗农场、当兵，渴望上大学但是没有机会；从Gates的角度看，虽然与竞争对手存在诸多差距，但依然在父亲的鼓励与坚持下被录取到理想的大学。综合四个选项可知，D项“出身固然重要，教育更重要”符合文章主旨。 B (2024·广东六校联考)The idea of climbing Mt.Qomolangma disgusted me.The mountain came to represent the opposite of everything that I loved and respected about climbing.What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry.Over the years，the crowds at Base Camp grew，leaving behind tons of trash.Whenever I was asked whether I'd climb Mt.Qomolangma，my answer was always the same：not interested. That was probably where my personal Mt.Qomolangma story would have ended，were it not for an old friend and his obsession (迷恋) with one of the greatest mysteries.In 1999，Thom Pollard began to explore and found the remains of George Mallory，the celebrated British climber who disappeared while he was attempting to be the first to climb Mt.Qomolangma.But Mallory's partner，Sandy Irvine，and the camera he had likely carried，were not found.The mountain climbing world has been wondering whether they might have reached the top in 1924. Pollard's story moved me.I began to pack for the climb and expected that our advanced equipment would make it manageable，perhaps easy.But I was wrong.On the highest point on the planet，I was more tired than I'd ever been in any climbing.Along the way，I continuously tipped my hat，not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route.My search was in vain，but I began to reconsider Mt.Qomolangma. I witnessed many climbers，who were much more than just self­centered tourists.We shared route information，weather forecasts，and family photos—all united around a common goal. I went to Mt.Qomolangma to seek Irvine.But in the end，I found something more difficult to get：the spirit that Irvine and Mallory shared.It was hiding in plain sight，right where it has always been：inside the brave souls who risk so much to follow in storied adventurers' footsteps up Mt.Qomolangma. [语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文。在Thom Pollard的激励下，作者开始攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但他发现这要比他想象中难。在攀登的过程中，作者感悟到了更重要的东西，并对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。 5．What is the main reason why the author hated climbing Mt.Qomolangma? A．He changed his climbing goal. B．Mt.Qomolangma was seriously polluted by trash. C．Mt.Qomolangma became an industry to make money. D．The mountain was too crowded with climbers. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What had once been the final mountain climbing goal became the focus of a commercial guiding industry”可知，曾经的最终登山目标成了商业向导行业的焦点。由此可知，作者讨厌攀登珠穆朗玛峰是因为它变成了一个赚钱的行业。故选C项。 6．Why did the author climb Mt.Qomolangma later? A．Because he desired to challenge himself. B．Because he got motivated by Thom Pollard. C．Because his old friend persuaded him to climb again. D．Because he wanted to follow in the footsteps of Mallory and Irvine. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pollard's story moved me”可知，Pollard的故事打动了作者。由此可知，作者后来攀登珠穆朗玛峰是受到了Thom Pollard的激励。故选B项。 7．What dose the underlined phrase“tipped my hat”in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Expressed my gratitude. B．Proved my determination. C．Relieved the tiredness. D．Showed my respect. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“I began to pack for the...in any climbing”可知，作者本来以为先进的登山设备可以使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得容易，但是事实证明，作者错了。在地球的最高点，作者感觉攀登珠穆朗玛峰比以往任何一次攀登都要累。再根据画线词后的“not just to Mallory and Irvine but to anyone who has the drive to push himself or herself up this route”可知，此处表示在攀登的过程中，作者一直在向Mallory、Irvine和所有带着动力走上这条路线的人致敬。故选D项。 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Admiration for the climbers. B．Concern about the risk. C．Confidence in the journey. D．Hope for Mt.Qomolangma's future. 解析：选A。段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“It was hiding...footsteps up Mt.Qomolangma”可知，Irvine、Mallory所分享的这种精神隐藏在显而易见的地方，而且一直在那里：在那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢之人身上。由此可推断，作者在最后对他们表达了钦佩之情。故选A项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·绍兴市诊断性考试)Medicine is a degree that consists of an endless number of exams, and recently I received my first year results.Waiting for those results was one of the most anxiety­generating experiences. 1．________Failing brings judgement from others, a topic of discussion for people, and the right for others to say you don't have enough capacity.The stress associated with failing is created by others around you, rather than by the event itself. I have recently been reading The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel, which clarifies that failure has the strong presence among those who have achieved success.People will always focus on Warren Edward Buffett's success as an investor.2.________． The process of achieving success has often involved setbacks and “failures” along the way.I received a “pass” grade on an important research paper during my master's year, which put my final grade in a dangerous situation.I was rejected by medical schools which I'd spent time and effort applying to and preparing for.3.________I also began studying medicine last year. 4．________But you should know that with each failure you are closer to success, building further layers to the foundations you started.Behind every successful person are more obstacles and setbacks, but these are not as interesting to focus on or as enviable. The noise around you, whether it is from co­workers, friends or parents, should not shake your belief in your abilities.5.________Learn what you need and correct your approach until you reach your success. A．Failure is your platform to success. B．You are guaranteed a lifetime of success. C．I was turned down by countless graduate schemes. D．You may not be successful the first, second or however many times. E．Upon reflection I believe that this is partly as a result of the failure itself. F．Despite all of these, I ended up getting a distinction in my master's degree. G．However, they will rarely see how many times his investments have failed. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。本文主要论述了“失败不可怕，反而是通往成功的平台”这一观点。 1．解析：选E。根据上文的“Waiting for those...anxiety­generating experiences”和下文的“Failing brings judgement...have enough capacity”可知，上文提到等待结果的过程让人很焦虑，下文分析了失败会带来什么样的结果，所以空处内容应该会讲到焦虑的原因是害怕失败。故选项E承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据上文内容尤其是“People will always...as an investor”可推知，接下来会讲到巴菲特也有投资失败的时候，选项G“然而，他们很少会看到他的投资失败了多少次”符合语境。选项中的they 指代上文的People。 3．解析：选F。根据上文的“I received...and preparing for”和下文的“I also began studying medicine last year ”可知，上文提到作者曾经的失败经历，下文提到他也开始学习医学，所以空处内容应承上启下，选项F“尽管如此，我还是在攻读硕士学位期间获得了优异的成绩”符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据下文的“But you should...foundations you started”可知，但是你应该知道每一次的失败都会让你离成功更近一步。再结合But 可知，空处与下文内容构成转折关系。选项D“你可能第一次、第二次或无论多少次都不成功”符合题意。 5．解析：选A。根据下文可知，你要了解你需要什么，纠正方法，直至你取得成功，说明要从失败中吸取教训，A项“失败是成功的平台”符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Smooth yet tensile.Versatile (用途广泛的) and durable.With these qualities, Xuan paper 1.______ (know) as the “Paper of Ages”． The term Xuan paper first appeared in Famous Paintings Through the Ages, a book 2.__________ (write) by Tang Dynasty (618－907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in 3.____________ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting.Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China's Anhui province, was listed as 4.__________ gift served to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period. The traditional craft of making Xuan paper is 5.____________(extreme) demanding. Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, goes through 108 procedures together with rice straw over the course of three years before it can transform 6.____________ a bunch of fine Xuan paper.The entire procedure is so complex that even the most skilled craftsman can only master a limited number of 7.____________ (step). The flow of ink, both guided and resisted by water, determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent 8.____________ (able) to give full play to ink. Xuan paper 9.____________ (accompany) the passionate brushstrokes of the Chinese literati for thousands of years.Unlike other forms of paper, it is very resistant to damage brought by time.It is this durability that has made the preservation of many 10.____________ (value) works from ancient China possible. Paper­making is a crystallization of wisdom of the ancient Chinese, and Xuan paper is the peak of paper­making. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的宣纸的历史以及制作程序。 1．解析：is known。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：宣纸以其优良的品质，被誉为“千古寿纸”。表示“被称为……”短语为be known as，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Xuan paper，谓语用单数。故填is known。 2．解析：written。考查非谓语动词。句意：“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代(618－907)学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词write与逻辑主语book构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。 3．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上题。此处为介词＋关系代词结构的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Famous Paintings through the Ages”指物，关系词替代先行词作介词in的宾语，故用关系代词which。故填which。 4．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质在这一时期朝廷御用宣纸。gift此处为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 5．解析：extremely。考查副词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺要求极高。修饰后文形容词demanding应用副词extremely作状语，故填extremely。 6．解析：into。考查介词。句意：檀香树皮是一种原产于中国南方的植物，它与秸秆一起经过三年的时间和108道工序，才能变成一捆精美的宣纸。短语transform into表示“变成”。故填into。 7．解析：steps。考查名词单复数。句意：整个过程是如此复杂，以至于即使是最熟练的工匠也只能掌握有限的步骤。step为可数名词，根据上文a number of (许多)可知应填step的复数。故填steps。 8．解析：ability。考查名词。句意：在水的引导和阻力作用下水墨流动决定了中国艺术的输出，宣纸因其能将水墨的能力充分发挥出来而使其他纸张黯然失色。作介词的宾语，应用名词ability。故填ability。 9．解析：has accompanied。考查时态。句意：几千年来，中国文人在宣纸上挥洒才情。根据后文for thousands of years可知，谓语动词accompany为现在完成时，主语为Xuan paper，助动词用has。故填has accompanied。 10．解析：valuable/invaluable。考查形容词。句意：正是它的耐久性使得许多中国古代的珍贵作品得以保存下来。修饰名词works应用形容词valuable，作定语，表示“珍贵的”；或用形容词invaluable表示“极宝贵的”，作定语。故填valuable/invaluable。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 intellectual adj.智力的，有才智的　energetically adv.精力充沛地 B篇 disgust n．厌恶；反感 v．使厌恶；使反感　commercial adj.商业(化)的；商用的 n．商业广告 词缀 变形 B篇 manageable adj.易处理的；易控制的→manage v．管理，经营；设法做到　continuously adv.连续不断地，接连地→continuous adj.连续不断的；没有间隔的　reconsider vt.重新考虑→consider vt.考虑 核心 短语 A篇 look back at 回顾　make progress 取得进步　back and forth 来回地 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$