主题素养练案 (18) 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·合肥高三教学质量检测)Robots are known as the future of technology.Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do.Below we'll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans. Asimo The primary focus of the robot is to help people.Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans.It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball.The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English. Created by：Honda (Japan) Sophia It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans.Sophia is primarily designed for education, research and entertainment.It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life. Created by：Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong, China) Atlas Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形).The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running, jumping and turning over.Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiating diverse terrains. Created by：Boston Dynamics (United States) Spot Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog.Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc.as a normal dog usually does.Spot has some outstanding functions.For example, it can map your environment, sense barriers, and lift packages. Created by：Boston Dynamics (United States) [语篇解读]本文是应用文。机器人被称为科技的未来，如今已应用到日常工作的各个方面，本篇文章主要介绍了四款机器人。 1．Which of the following characterizes Asimo? A．Its high speed. B．Its facial expressions. C．Its language ability. D．Its communication skills. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Asimo部分最后一句“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English”可知，该机器人可以用三种不同的语言与人交流，故选C。 2．Which robot is created by China? A．Asimo. B．Sophia. C．Atlas. D．Spot. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created by：Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong，China)”可知，Sophia是中国创造的，故选B。 3．What do Atlas and Spot have in common? A．They can change their body shapes. B．They can carry small packages. C．They can help do some housework. D．They can detect barriers around. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of sensing barriers and negotiation diverse terrains”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions...lift packages”可知，Atlas和Spot的共同之处在于它们可以探测到周围的障碍物，故选D。 B (2024·浙江省宁波市十校联考)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.At a certain point，we will build machines that are smarter than we are.Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants.We don't hate them.We don't go out of our way to harm them.In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them.We step over them on the sidewalk.But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals，we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that，whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard. The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines.We have problems that we desperately need to solve.So we will do this，if we can.The train is already out of the station，and there's no brake to pull.If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can't imagine. So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.This machine would be the perfect labor­saving device.It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials.So we're talking about the end of human labor.We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work.So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances? But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god.Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with. [语篇解读]本文是议论文。文章通过假设主要论述了对于未来的智能机器，我们人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类的可控范围内。 4．Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2? A．To compare intelligent machines to ants. B．To show improved machines will get away from us. C．To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals. D．To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We don't hate them.We don't go out of our way to harm them.”和“But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals，we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that，whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard.”可知，此处提到平时我们对待蚂蚁时都做到尽量不伤害它们，但当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标冲突时，我们会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。作者拿此事例类比我们未来制造的智能机器，表示机器对待我们时也会一样残忍。故选D项。 5．What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Disable. B．Inspire. C．Disappoint. D．Outpace. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词前半部分的“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine”可知，如果我们建造出比人类更聪明的机器，它们很可能会以我们无法想象的方式发展，由此推知，后半部分是说它们甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以画线词意为“超越”。故选D项。 6．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving assumptions. C．By showing valid evidence. D．By analyzing statistics. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The concern is that we will one day build machines that，whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard.”和第三段中的“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine”以及第四段中的“So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.”可知，文章主要是通过假设来论证主题的。故选B项。 7．Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's viewpoint toward AI? A．Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future. B．Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labor eventually. C．We should keep the development of AI within humans' control. D．Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.”及最后一段中的“Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with.”可知，我们人类要确保智能机器与我们人类共存，即我们人类要让智能机器置于我们的控制之下。故选C项。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·济南高三考试)I've thought long and hard about individual books that have changed my life.1.________.But considering books in the broader sense, that's a different matter.Books, by themselves, have most definitely changed my life. I still have books from my childhood, treasured and kept safe in a wooden box.I suppose you could say I had favorite authors from a very young age：Richard Scarry was the first.I loved The Supermarket Mystery most, which gave me great pleasure.Even then I knew books mattered and as soon as I could write my name correctly, I would claim ownership (所有权) of books.2.________. The next milestone on my journey with books probably came when I discovered Enid Blyton.3.________.I read every single one of the Famous Five, Secret Seven and Adventurous Four books, but it was her boarding school books that thrilled me as a young girl and sparked a love of escapist fiction. That love of escapist fiction has never left me.I never read non­fiction, and my pattern of finding an author I love and then reading every book he or she wrote continues, through Agatha Christie in my teens, to Lee Child as an adult.4.________.When real life gets too much, which place to seek shelter is better than the pages of a detective book that takes you away to another place? 5．________.I studied for a degree in English Literature, and three years spent analyzing texts which I would otherwise not have chosen to read, greatly took the shine off reading.It took me a long time to find my way back to books.J.K.Rowling, I have to say, was a godsend in that respect. A．That's why I love the books B．My spelling has improved since then C．Her books turned me into a devoted reader D．My favorite type is definitely detective fiction E．The honest answer is that there really aren't any F．My passion for reading has benefited me a lot in the long run G．But my relationship with books hasn't always been an easy one [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与阅读之间的故事。 1．解析：选E。根据空前一句可知，空处应该会讲到思考的结果，结合下文的“But considering books in the broader sense...have most definitely changed my life”可知，空处与后一句形成了转折，应该会讲到没什么书改变了作者的人生，故E项符合语境。 2．解析：选B。结合下一段首句中的“The next milestone”可以推测，空处讲到的应该也是一个里程碑式的进步，故B项“从那以后，我的拼写有了提高”符合语境，且B项与空前的“write my name”相呼应。 3．解析：选C。根据空后一句，尤其是“read every single one”可知，C项“她的书让我成了一个热衷于读书的人”符合语境。 4．解析：选D。根据空后一句，尤其是“the pages of a detective book”可知，空处讲到的应该是作者对侦探小说的热爱，故D项符合语境。 5．解析：选G。根据本段中的“greatly took the shine off reading.It took me a long time to find my way back to books”可知，本段主要讲作者在阅读路上的坎坷，故G项适合作本段的主旨句。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·湖北省七市高三调研)You already know the fact that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and 1.____________ (avoid) a variety of health conditions.It can also improve your academic 2.____________ (perform).And, if you're a distance­learning student, you may miss out on some of the opportunities for physical activity afforded to more traditional students who routinely walk around campus.But it's well worth the effort 3.____________ (put) the schedule exercise into practice. The study, which 4.________ (publish) in a journal, describes physical activity as 5.__________ vigorous movement that produces sweat and heavy breathing.Mike McKenzie found that students who studied over three hours per day were 3.5 times 6.___________ (likely) to be exercisers. Over a decade ago, McKenzie 7.________ (say) researchers discovered a link 8.____________ exercise and focus in children. More recently，another study by Johnson reveals that even short “microbursts” of physical activity throughout the day can have positive effects.Jennifer tells that sitting for long periods of time, 9.____________ college students tend to do，can have a negative health effect.In addition, the study found that five­minute bouts of walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, tiredness, and hunger at the end of a day.This may be 10.____________ (particular) beneficial to students who also work a full­time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了有规律的锻炼不但有利于身体健康，而且能提高学生的学习成绩。 1．解析：avoiding。考查非谓语动词。句意：你已经知道了这样一个事实：定期锻炼对控制体重和避免各种健康问题很重要。本空与前面的controlling...是平行结构，应用动名词作介词for的宾语。故填avoiding。 2．解析：performance。考查词性转换。句意：它也可以提高你的学习成绩。空前academic为形容词，其后需接名词。故填performance。 3．解析：to put。考查非谓语动词。句意：但是努力把锻炼日程付诸实践是非常值得的。本句中it为形式主语，to put不定式在句中充当真正主语。故填to put。 4．解析：was published。考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：这项发表在一本杂志上的研究将体育活动描述为一种能产生汗水和沉重呼吸的剧烈运动。定语从句中谓语动词需根据从句主语判断；从句主语which指代先行词study，为单数。根据语境可知，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。 5．解析：a。考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知，此处表示“一种剧烈的运动”，为泛指，再由空后单词读音可知应用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．解析：more likely。考查形容词的比较级。句意：迈克·麦肯齐发现，每天学习超过3小时的学生成为锻炼者可能性是(其他人的)3.5倍。3.5 times暗示了是倍数表达法的句型，因此要用likely的比较级。故填more likely。 7．解析：said。考查动词的时态。句意：十多年前，麦肯齐说研究人员发现儿童运动和注意力集中之间具有某种联系。根据Over a decade ago可知，时态应为一般过去时。故填said。 8．解析：between。考查介词。句意见上一题解析。a link between...and...意为“……和……之间的联系”，为固定用法。故填between。 9．解析：which/as。考查定语从句。句意：珍妮弗说，大学生往往长时间坐着，这会对健康产生负面影响。考查非限制性定语从句，关系词指代的是前面的动名词短语，且在非限制性定语从句中充当宾语。故填which/as。 10．解析：particularly。考查词性转换。句意：这可能对那些既有全职工作又在晚上和夜间学习的学生特别有益。空后的beneficial是形容词，修饰形容词要用副词。故填particularly。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 entertainment n．娱乐活动；招待　dynamic adj.动态的；发展变化的　negotiate vi.谈判，协商，交涉 vt.谈判达成 B篇 automation n．自动化　competent adj.有能力的；能胜任的，称职的　conscious adj.意识到的；神志清醒的　disregard v．不理会；漠视 n．漠视，忽视　desperately adv.绝望地；不顾一切地　labor­saving adj.省力的 词缀 变形 A篇 primarily adv.首先；首要地，主要地；根本上→primary adj.首要的；初级的 核心 短语 A篇 robotics technology 机器人技术　communicate with 与……联系，与……交流　facial expressions 面部表情　be capable of 有能力做…… B篇 conflict with 与……冲突　hit upon 突然想出(主意或解决办法)　intellectual work脑力劳动(工作)　in these circumstances在这种情况下 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$