主题素养练案 (14) 必修第三册 UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·山西省高三调研)With the cost of living in the United States soaring, more and more people are setting their sights on an international destination． Ecuador For real bargain hunters, Ecuador is cheap and safe with a very comfortable year­round climate.The cost of living for one person in the country is ＄750.Ecuador is geographically diverse with miles of endless beaches, hills and rainforests.Housing is economical with the average rent for one person costing around ＄307 per month. Costa Rica Costa Rica is the perfect place to live abroad without depleting (耗尽) your savings.The cost of living is around ＄893 and rent for one person runs approximately ＄406 per month.The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.The weather is gorgeous, the water is warm and the housing is highly affordable. Uruguay The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090 and you can find a nice apartment at the reasonable price of ＄500 per month. Panama Panama could be a good option for anyone to live cheaply.The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.Rent runs approximately ＄530 per month and food takes up another ＄353, but outside of that costs are minimal.The country has a mild climate and offers world­class beaches. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了随着美国生活成本的迅速上涨，人们将目光投向了四个生活费不高但幸福指数较高的国家。 1．Which country has economical healthcare? A．Ecuador. B．Costa Rica. C．Uruguay. D．Panama. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Costa Rica部分中的The tropical destination has cost­effective healthcare.可知，哥斯达黎加拥有经济划算的医疗保健服务。故选B项。 2．What makes Uruguay special? A．Its reasonable rent. B．Its good bargains. C．Its diverse climates. D．Its cheap apartments. 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Uruguay部分中的The country is exquisite (精美的)，offering nearly 400 miles of coast, rolling mountains and four distinct seasons.可知，只有乌拉圭拥有不同的四个季节，其他国家的气候都是温和的。故选C项。 3．How much is the cost of living in the United States? A．Close to ＄1，090. B．Around ＄750. C．Under ＄893. D．Above ＄2，080. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据Uruguay部分的The cost of living is nearly half of what it is in the States at ＄1，090和Panama部分中的The cost of living is under half of what it would cost in the U．S.at ＄1，040 for one person.可知，乌拉圭和巴拿马的生活费大约是美国的一半，故美国的生活费高于2，080美元。故选D项。 B William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths, providing their sons with a unique growing environment.Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers (运动鞋)—these are the day­to­day must­haves for the family. Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53­kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one­day climb to three English mountaintops and a six­day train ride from Beijing to Moscow. Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not.Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible.Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example.Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway.“We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they are people just like us, everywhere.We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.” However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children's schooling.Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45­day lecture tour.Therefore the son missed his final exam.Things like that bother the family all the time. Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test.“You can only get streetwise on the street.You can only get worldly­wise when seeing the world，”he says. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。威廉·林赛是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者，他和他的妻子吴琪带着孩子走遍世界各地，用实际行动践行了“读万卷书不如行万里路”。 4．How can we describe the Lindesays' trips? A．Pleasant. B．Challenging. C．Conventional. D．Dangerous. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53­kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one­day climb to three English mountaintops and a six­day train ride from Beijing to Moscow”可知，他们的大多数旅行完全不轻松——他们在炎热干燥的沙漠进行文化研究，在新西兰进行长达53公里的徒步旅行，一天攀登了三座英国山峰，耗时六天乘火车从北京到莫斯科。由此可推知，他们的很多旅行是具有挑战性的。故选B。 5．What does the underlined word “eschew” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Avoid. B．Visit. C．Compare. D．Evaluate. 解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not.Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel”和下文的“pricey hotels and restaurants where possible”以及林赛提到的例子可知，许多人认为这个家庭一定很富有，能负担得起他们的全球旅行，但事实并非如此。林赛说，他们只是选择把钱花在旅行上，所以他们应该是尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。由此可知，画线词eschew的含义应是“避开，回避，避免”，avoid“避开”的含义与之接近。 6．What problem does the family meet when traveling? A．They suffer from a tight budget. B．They have scheduling conflicts. C．They are faced with language barriers. D．They hold different educational ideas. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第四段的“However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children's schooling”可知，他们的旅程可能持续数周或数月，有时会与孩子的学校教育发生冲突。由此可知，他们在旅行中遇到的问题是旅行的时间和孩子上学时间的冲突。 7．Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text? A．Toughness is the best assistant of will. B．There is no royal road to learning. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Man who travels far knows more. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，林赛认为，孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在有不同的语言、文化和政治结构的遥远的地方旅行才是真正的考验。只有身处街上你才能变得适应都市生活。只有在看世界的时候，你才能变得善于处世。由此可知，林赛非常重视课堂外的学习。D项“读万卷书不如行万里路”符合语境。故D项正确。 C (2024·武汉市武昌区高三质量检测)Throughout history, many of the world's greatest artists never achieved tremendous fame until after their death.That's the case of Vivian Maier, who's now considered to be one of the most important American street photographers of the last century, alongside famous names like Diane Arbus and Henri Cartier­Bresson.But she remained unknown for much of her life, and it was only a chance encounter with a box of negatives that put her in the spotlight. Details of her life are unclear, but she was born in New York City in the 1920s to European parents.Maier grew up in France before returning to the U．S., where she spent several decades working as a nanny in Chicago to wealthy families.During her days off Maier is thought to have taken more than 100，000 photographs of people and city scenes in Chicago, yet she kept the photos to herself—many of them were never developed. In 2007, a Chicago historian and collector, John Maloof, came across Maier's works by accident after purchasing a box of tens of thousands of undeveloped negatives for ＄380 at auction (拍卖).As he developed them，Maloof realized they were more than just photos.He was looking at evocative (唤起回忆的) art illustrating the Chicago of the mid­20­century that nobody had ever seen.Maloof worked to uncover who the photographer was, acquiring more and more of her works.But before he could locate her, Maier had already passed away in 2009, having slipped on ice and never recovering from her head injury. While Maloof researched Maier's works, more details emerged.She kept to herself, her employers said, and she would spend her free days taking photos on the streets of Chicago with a Rolleiflex camera.According to Maloof, the children Maier took care of knew she was constantly taking photos, yet she never showed her photos to anyone.Maier also traveled around the world, as is indicated by some of her photos. Other collectors began to acquire Maier's photos, but Maloof owns much of her works.He released a book, Vivian Maier：Street Photographer, in 2011, and his documentary, Finding Vivian Maier, came out in 2013. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。薇薇安·迈尔在芝加哥给富人做了几十年保姆。在此期间，她拍摄了十万多张照片，这些照片展示了二十世纪中期芝加哥的样子，具有艺术和历史价值，但她的名字却鲜为人知。一个偶然的机会，历史学家约翰·马鲁夫发现了薇薇安的作品，并试图找到她。但直到她去世后，薇薇安才声名鹊起。 8．Which word can be used to describe Vivian's life? A．Risky. B．Wealthy. C．Mysterious. D．Miserable. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But she remained unknown for much of her life”可知，她生前基本上鲜为人知；根据第四段中的“She kept to herself...Rolleiflex camera”可知，她喜欢独处，空闲时便用Rolleiflex相机拍照。据此可推知，她是一个神秘的人。故选C项。 9．What do we know about Vivian Maier? A．She was born in France. B．She never developed her photos. C．She enjoyed great fame in her life. D．She took photos of Chicago and other cities. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During her days off...scenes in Chicago”可知，她在休息期间拍摄了许多芝加哥街头的风景照；根据第四段中的“Maier also traveled...of her photos”可知，从她拍摄的照片中可知，她还曾环游世界。据此可知，她拍摄了芝加哥和其他城市的照片。 10．What did Maloof do after he found Maier's photos? A．He approached Maier's former employers. B．He managed to meet the artist in the flesh. C．He released a collection of Maier's works. D．He purchased more developed negatives. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While Maloof researched...with a Rolleiflex camera”可知，当马鲁夫研究薇薇安·迈尔的作品时，更多的细节浮出水面；她的雇主说，她喜欢独处，在空闲的日子里，她会在芝加哥的街道上用Rolleiflex相机拍照。据此可推知，马鲁夫在发现薇薇安拍摄的照片后找到了她之前的雇主。 11．What can be inferred about Vivian Maier's photos? A．They were presented to her employers. B．They were meant to earn her a fortune. C．They were taken by a professional artist. D．They were of artistic and historical value. 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He was looking...had ever seen”可知，她拍摄的照片展示了二十世纪中期芝加哥的样子，这些照片是唤起回忆的艺术。再结合尾段内容可知，她拍摄的照片具有艺术价值和历史价值。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·浙江省宁波市十校联考)I experienced a day when I was extraordinarily __1__.I'm never a picture of grace，but on this particular day，I seemed to be __2__ everything.It's an old church, and the floor is __3__ in some places, so my fall was the floor's fault.But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home，I began to grow __4__.Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had __5__ become sick? Having been raised by parents who also worked in the mental­health field，I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local __6__.I have the calming practice that __7__ a yoga pose with a breath prayer.I went to __8__ more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was __9__！ I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two！I had __10__ all the possibilities to figure out what was causing my clumsiness.It never occurred to me to check my soles. So often when we start to feel __11__，we look for ways to make things better.But just as it never occurred to me to check the soles of my shoes, our own souls are the very __12__ thing we think of to check.Take a moment to remember the last time you sat still, meditating.If you can't remember when that was, it might be a __13__. The local cobbler (鞋匠) said my soles were irreparable.We had a good __14__，but it was time to let them go.Fortunately for us，our souls can be mended and restored—once we realize they are in need of __15__. [语篇解读]本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为走路总是绊倒，从而怀疑自己患了中风，后来才知道是自己的鞋底出了问题。作者用自己的经历告诉人们，遇到问题要冷静思考，一旦出现问题就马上解决。 1． A．busy B．clumsy C．stressed D．bored 解析：选B。根据下文的“I'm never a picture of grace”以及“But when I fell again on my way out to the car, and yet again in my own home，I began to grow __4__．”可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以是笨手笨脚的一天。clumsy意为“笨拙的，笨手笨脚的”，符合语境。 2． A．going through B．stepping on C．falling off D．tripping over 解析：选D。根据下文可知，作者这天总是跌倒，所以作者觉得什么都能绊倒自己。trip over意为“被……绊倒”，符合语境。 3． A．uneven B．sharp C．stained D．shallow 解析：选A。根据上文可知，作者总是绊倒；再根据下文“so my fall was the floor's fault”可知，作者认为自己绊倒是地板的错，由此判断地板不平坦。uneven 意为“凹凸不平的，不平坦的”，符合语境。 4． A．inspired B．grieved C．concerned D．interested 解析：选C。根据语境可知，作者在往车里走的路上又摔倒了，而且在自己家里时又一次摔倒了，作者开始担心起来。再结合下文“Had I let myself get so stressed out that I had __5__ become sick？”可知，作者开始担心自己生病了。concerned意为“担忧的”，符合语境。 5． A．luckily B．literally C．obviously D．doubtfully 解析：选B。根据下文“Having been raised by parents who also worked in the mental­health field，I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local __6__.”可知，此处指作者怀疑是不是自己压力太大，以至于真的生病了。literally意为“真正地，逐字地”，符合语境。 6． A．doctor B．coach C．tailor D．psychologist 解析：选A。根据语境及常识可知，作者的父母都在心理健康领域工作，所以作者倾向于先寻找精神和情感上的原因，然后才考虑去看当地医生。doctor意为“医生”，符合语境。 7． A．exchanges B．equips C．associates D．combines 解析：选D。根据下文的with以及“I went to __8__ more comfortable clothes for the exercise”可知，作者是准备去做一个锻炼，而这个锻炼结合了瑜伽姿势和呼吸祈祷。combine意为“结合”，符合语境。 8． A．wrap up B．take off C．change into D．look after 解析：选C。根据空后的“more comfortable clothes for the exercise, and as I removed my shoes, I was __9__”可知，作者是换上更舒服的衣服去锻炼。change into意为“换上”，符合语境。 9． A．rescued B．cured C．injured D．slipped 解析：选B。根据下文“I wasn't having a stroke at all.I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.The soles (鞋底) of both shoes were split in two！”可知，作者知道了自己总是跌倒的原因，所以是痊愈了。cure意为“治愈”，符合语境。 10．A．exhausted B．predicted C．ignored D．discussed 解析：选A。根据语境可知，作者用尽了所有可能的方法来找出自己笨手笨脚的原因。exhaust意为“用尽，耗尽”，符合语境。 11．A．delighted B．divided C．overwhelmed D．thrilled 解析：选C。根据上文“Having been raised by parents who also worked in the mental­health field，I tended to look for spiritual and emotional reasons before I headed to the local __6__.”可知，作者以为自己生病了，所以耗尽方法寻找原因，也就是作者觉得不知所措。overwhelmed意为“不知所措的；被压垮的；难以承受的”，符合语境。 12．A．best B．last C．easiest D．hardest 解析：选B。根据上文内容可知，作者误以为自己患病后，想了很多办法，却唯独没有检查自己的鞋底。本句为类比，表示正如没有检查鞋底，灵魂是我们最后想到要检查的东西。last意为“最后的”，符合语境。 13．A．mistake B．solution C．test D．clue 解析：选D。根据上文可知，作者因为没有检查鞋底而想尽办法都没有弄清楚摔倒的原因，所以，作者在这里建议读者有问题的时候可以审视灵魂，说不定会找到解决问题的线索。clue意为“线索”，符合语境。 14．A．run B．exercise C．skill D．gesture 解析：选A。根据上文的“I had completely worn out my favorite pair of sandals.”可知，作者非常喜欢这双鞋，因此推知，作者穿着这双鞋度过了一段美好的时光。run意为“一段时光”，符合语境。 15．A．repair B．review C．response D．replacement 解析：选A。根据上文的“Fortunately for us，our souls can be mended and restored”可知，设空处指的是灵魂需要修补的时候。repair意为“修理”，符合语境。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 soar vi.高飞；飞腾　bargain n．便宜货；交易，协议 v．商谈；讨价还价　economical adj.经济的；节约的；简洁的　approximately adv.大约；近似　 gorgeous adj.华丽的　minimal adj.最小的，极少的；极小的 B篇 must­have n．必备的东西　far from 远非　pricey adj.价格高的，昂贵的　inconsistent adj.与……不相容的，与……相矛盾的 C篇 tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的；极好的　negative n．底片；负片 adj.消极的；负面的；缺乏热情的　historian n．历史学家　emerge v．暴露；露出真相；被知晓；(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现，露出 熟词 生义 B篇 back 常用义：n.背部；后面 adv.回到原处；恢复原状→文章义：adj.偏远的，偏僻的 C篇 develop 常用义：v.发展，壮大→文章义：v.使(胶卷)显影；显像；冲洗(胶片) 词缀 变形 A篇 geographically adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面→geographic adj.地理学的，地理的→geography n．地理(学)；地形，地势　affordable adj.价格合理的；买得起的→afford v．买得起；承受得住 核心 短语 A篇 at the reasonable price of 以……合理的价格　a good option for 对于……是一个很好的选择 C篇 chance encounter 邂逅　in the spotlight 处于公众注意的中心；出风头　come across 偶然发现；偶然遇见 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$