主题素养练案 (5) 必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(word练习)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·广州高三调研)Our planet quakes thousands of times a year，but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' odd behaviors could warn us? Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre­packed abnormal animal behaviors, but more were just anecdotes．Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.On October 13, 1989, he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later，the Loma Prieta earthquake hit！But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate. Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection.California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel­running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment show? Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project.The project tracks many small animal species such as birds，bats and turtles for the purpose of scientific research.One group of researchers are looking for possible connections between animal behaviors and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection, this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety. However, not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some “cool things”，but she knows animal behaviors are hard to pin down.“My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，”she says.“But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener.” [语篇解读]本文是说明文。人类无法准确预测地震，但是动物奇怪的行为是否可以在某种程度上反映地震的发生呢？ 1．What does the underlined word “anecdotes” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Real­life news stories. B．Random individual studies. C．Repeated scientific reports. D．Unproved personal accounts. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的but和下文Berkland的例子可知，虽有几百份的异常行为报告，但很多都是未经证实的，故选D项。 2．Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community? A．He used unreliable data from newspaper ads. B．His document wasn't consistent with his theory. C．His study didn't include enough animal samples. D．He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory...measure his accuracy rate”可知，他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率，故D项正确。 3．What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project? A．To provide accurate pre­quake warnings. B．To develop an app for people to call for help during quakes. C．To seek worldwide cooperation in quake prediction. D．To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety”可知，该项目的最终目标是提前预警地震，给人们足够多的时间到达安全地带，故A项正确。 4．What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project? A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Unclear. 解析：选B。观点态度题。根据第五段中的“However, not everyone is hopeful...hard to pin down”可知，Wendy Bohon认为动物的行为很难确定，故其对ICARUS项目持怀疑态度，所以B项正确。 B (2024·云南高中毕业生统一检测)In about 23 years, it may finally be time to look up.A recently discovered asteroid (小行星) has a chance of hitting the earth on Valentines Day in 2046.It was discovered on Feb.26 at an observatory in San Pedro de Atacama，Chile. While the thought of an asteroid hitting the earth may sound concerning, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) says people shouldn't be worried. The asteroid has an estimated diameter of around 160 feet, which is about the same size as an Olympic swimming pool or the width of a football field. “We've been tracking a new asteroid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance of impacting the earth.Often when new objects are discovered，it takes several weeks' data to reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their orbits years into the future，”NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office(PDCO) said. The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat.The scale is a tool to categorize potential earth impacts, with zero being no threat and 10 being something that can cause a global disaster.One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone. “Current calculations show the chance of collision (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with no need for public concern，”NASA says of the green zone.“New telescopic observations will very likely lead to re­assignment to Level 0.” Although 2023 DW doesn't pose a great risk to the earth, NASA has been continuing to work to defend our planet from any asteroid that could cause disasters. In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft，or DART into an asteroid to see if it could change the trajectory of the space rock.NASA later confirmed the mission was a success, and is continuing to research how effective the method is, should a massive asteroid be headed our way. [语篇解读]本文是说明文。美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。 5．What does NASA's PDCO say about 2023 DW? A．It is too close to the earth. B．It must be destroyed in space. C．Its orbit is still uncertain now. D．Its orbit should be changed. 解析：选C。细节判断题。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023 DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为 2023 DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定，故选C。 6．How is 2023 DW ranked on the Torino Scale? A．As Level zero threat. B．As Level ten threat. C．In the normal zone. D．In the threatening zone. 解析：选C。细节判断题。根据第五段中的“The asteroid is ranked on the Torino Scale as Level 1 threat”和“One on the Torino Scale means 2023 DW is in the normal or green zone”可知，2023 DW小行星在杜林危险指数中被列为1级威胁，且杜林危险指数中的1表示2023 DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023 DW在杜林危险指数中被列入正常区域，故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “trajectory” mean in the last paragraph? A．Size. B．Weight. C．Angle. D．Path. 解析：选D。词句猜测题。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”，故选D。句意：美国国家航空航天局将双小行星重定向测试航天器(DART)撞向一颗小行星，以观察它是否能改变太空岩石的轨道。 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Asteroid Was Discovered at an Observatory in Chile B．An Asteroid Is Coming Our Way，Unlikely to Hit Us C．A Space Rock Has Just Passed the Earth D．A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently 解析：选B。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星撞击地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·武汉高三考试)We live in a switched­on world in which it's almost unthinkable to be without social media for so much as a day.The colorful images，interesting videos，bite­sized info，easy­to­read stories，viewing other people's lives...All are designed to keep us addicted. 1.________．An increasing number of studies indicate that social media can have a negative impact on our relationships IRL(that's “in real life” for non­techies).The good news is that you don't have to go backwards to avoid the dangers of social media.2.________． Set time limits Try the Pomodoro Technique.3.________．Using this method，you break your workday into 25­minute periods separated by 5­minute breaks.Use an ordinary kitchen timer (to get away from using your phone) to set limits and schedule an activity to do afterwards.Then when the timer rings, step away from your device and turn off those notifications. 4．________ The infinite scroll (无限滚动)，as it's termed by developers，is specifically designed to keep you aimlessly looking at news feeds and passively taking in everything you see.Before you go online，decide what you're going for and stick to it.In this focused way you can go straight to what you want to see without mindlessly scrolling for things that don't support your intentions. Avoid comparison 5．________．This famous saying has never been truer than when we see other people's seemingly “perfect lives” online.It can leave us feeling that we're simply not good enough.Although comparing ourselves to others is normal human behavior，remember that people's social media pages are not a true reflection of their real life. A．Stay focused B．Scroll freely C．Comparison is the thief of joy D．However，there is a darker aspect E．No man is happy but by comparison F．This time­management strategy breaks your time up into periods G．Instead，you can free yourself from dependence but still enjoy the positive side [语篇解读]本文是说明文。社交媒体会给我们的生活带来负面影响，但是，我们可以利用一些方法使自己摆脱对社交媒体的依赖，同时享受其带来的好处。 1．解析：选D。空前讲到社交媒体会让我们上瘾，空后讲到社交媒体对我们现实生活中的人际关系有负面影响，这些均是对社交媒体的危害的描述，由此可知，D项“然而，还有更黑暗的一面”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选G。根据上文中“The good news is that you don't have to go backwards to avoid the dangers of social media”并结合下文内容可知，空处承接上一句应该会讲到可以避免社交媒体的危害。G项“相反，你可以使自己摆脱对社交媒体的依赖，同时享受其带来的好处”符合语境。 3．解析：选F。空前一句讲到了“the Pomodoro Technique (番茄工作法)”，空后讲到的“Using this method，you break your workday into 25­minute periods”呼应这种方法，因此，空处应该还会讲到这种方法，且这种方法是将时间分割的方法。F项“这种时间管理策略把你的时间分成几个时间段”符合语境。 4．解析：选A。根据本段中的“Before you go online，decide what you're going for and stick to it.In this focused way...intentions”可知，本段主要讲要明白自己上网的目的，保持专注，故A项适合作本段的小标题。 5．解析：选C。根据小标题“Avoid comparison”并分析选项可知，答案锁定C项和E项。结合下文中的描述“when we see other people's seemingly ‘perfect lives’ online.It can leave us feeling that we're simply not good enough”可知，攀比会剥夺我们的幸福感，故C项符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Marrakech (马拉喀什) is the fourth largest city in Morocco and has a rich architectural heritage.However an earthquake in September caused serious damage 1.____________ some of them in the city. The Medina district, the old cultural center of Marrakech, was one of them.2.____________ (add) to UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclosed by 900­year­old walls built of red sandstone that once 3.____________ (defend) the city against danger.However, large parts of these walls were damaged in the earthquake and long sections now show deep cracks 4.____________ other parts have collapsed. Apart from ancient walls, Morocco World News reported that the city's Kharbouch Mosque (清真寺) was almost 5.____________ (entire) destroyed.Before the earthquake, it was a cultural center for the city 6.____________ dancers and storytellers performed.A local resident 7.________ (tell) The New Arab that the mosque dates back to the 17th century. After visiting Marrakech 8.____________ (follow) the destruction, Eric Falt, an officer at UNESCO, stressed that it was necessary to immediately plan for the 9.____________ (construct) of damaged cultural assets (资产).The earthquake's impact on Marrakech's cultural heritage 10.____________ (expect) to be a long­term challenge that will require careful restoration efforts, noted Morocco World News. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了马拉喀什的一些文化遗产在地震中遭到了破坏，包括一些清真寺和文化中心。 1．解析：to。考查介词。句意：然而，9月份的一场地震对该市的一些建筑造成了严重破坏。cause damage to是固定搭配。故填to。 2．解析：Added。考查非谓语动词。句意：该地区于1985年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，周围环绕着由红砂岩建造的900年历史的城墙，这些城墙曾经保护城市免受危险。该句的谓语动词为is，此处应为非谓语动词，动词add和其逻辑主语the district之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。故填Added。 3．解析：defended。考查时态。句意：同上。根据时间状语once可知，此处定语从句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填defended。 4．解析：while。考查连词。句意：然而，这些墙的大部分在地震中遭到破坏，现在墙体较长部分已出现了深深的裂缝，而其他部分已经倒塌。根据句意可知，前后文是对比关系。故填while。 5．解析：entirely。考查副词。句意：据《摩洛哥世界新闻》报道，除了古老的城墙外，该市的卡尔布奇清真寺几乎全部被毁。修饰动词用副词。故填entirely。 6．解析：where。考查定语从句。句意：地震前，这里是舞蹈家和说书人表演的城市文化中心。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a cultural center是地点，应用关系副词where引导，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7．解析：told。考查时态。句意：一位当地居民告诉《新阿拉伯人报》，这座清真寺的历史可以追溯到17世纪。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填told。 8．解析：following。考查现在分词转化的介词。句意：联合国教科文组织官员Eric Falt在该地遭到毁坏后访问了马拉喀什，强调有必要立即计划重建受损的文化资产。根据句意可知，此处表示“在毁坏之后”，应用其介词形式following表示“在(某事)以后”。故填following。 9．解析：construction。考查名词。句意：同上。根据前文“for the”可知，此处应用名词construction(不可数)作介词宾语。故填construction。 10．解析：is expected。考查时态和语态。句意：《摩洛哥世界新闻》指出，地震对马拉喀什文化遗产的影响预计将是一项长期挑战，需要精心的修复工作。动词expect和主语The earthquake's impact之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述现实情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是单数，be动词用is，故填is expected。 【二次精读积语料】 核心 单词 A篇 abnormal adj.不正常的，异常的；畸形的　document n．文件；文档 v．记录　random adj.随机的；奇怪的；任意的　habitat n．(动植物的)栖息地；生活环境 B篇 chance n．可能性　diameter n．直径　track vt.跟踪　adequately adv.充分地　rank v．把……分等级　potential adj.潜在的，可能的　observation n．观察　pose vt.造成 合成词 七选五 switched­on adj.消息灵通的　bite­sized adj.短小的 词缀 变形 A篇 repeatable adj.可重复→repeat v．重复→repeated adj.重复的→repeatedly adv.重复地→repetition n．重复　accuracy n．精确，准确→accurate adj.精确的；准确的　scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的→science n．科学；技术　experimentation n．实验，试验；实验法→experiment n．实验；试用 v．做实验；尝试 B篇 estimated adj.估计的，预计的→estimate n．估计，预测 vt.估计，估算　width n．宽度；广度；宽阔→wide adj.宽的；广泛的　uncertainty n．无把握，不确定→certainty n．确定；必然性→certain adj.肯定的；无疑的　categorize vt.把……归类，把……分门别类→category n．种类；类别　re­assignment n．再分配，再赋值，重赋值→assign v．指派(任务)；给予 核心 短语 A篇 pin down 弄明确　work on 从事于…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$