语法专题 第3部分 第3讲 名词性从句(word教参)-【正禾一本通】2025年高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（人教版2019）

第3讲 名词性从句 01 定义和连接词 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词如下： 类别 词义 在从句中的作用 从属连词：that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 从属连词：if和whether 意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性 起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 连接代词：who, what, which, whom,whose,whatever, hoever,whomever, hichever 有各自的意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等 连接副词：when，where，why，how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自的意义 起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语 02 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句。 1．从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不充当成分，不能省略。 ①That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 ②Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。 2．由连接代词引导的主语从句。 (1)连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 走得最晚的应当关灯。 (2)what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s) which的意思。 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)What impresses me most is the tips on how to learn English. 最让我感到印象深刻的是关于如何学习英语的方法。 3．连接副词引导的主语从句。连接副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中充当状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。 Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. ＝It is not clear to anyone why he didn't come here. 他为什么没来谁也不清楚。 4．主语从句中it作形式主语常用句型 ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, probable, certain, wonderful, good, etc.)＋that 从句 ②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，a pity，an honor, a good thing, no surprise, etc.)＋that 从句 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said, thought, reported, expected, announced, decided, etc.)＋that 从句 ④It＋不及物动词(seem, happen, etc.)＋that 从句 ⑤It doesn't matter(make no difference, etc.)＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 (2022·全国甲卷)It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the ocean. 众所周知，众多的人类活动对海洋造成了巨大的危害。 03 表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。 1．由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。 that在引导表语从句时无词义，一般不省略，whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem，result，chance，suggestion，idea，reason等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 ①The trouble is that she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是她把他的钱丢了。 ②The question is whether we need more ice cream. 问题是我们是否需要更多的冰淇淋。 2．由连接代词引导的表语从句。 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，连接代词不能省略。 The problem was who could do the work. 问题是谁能做这项工作。 3．由连接副词引导的表语从句。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it. 去把大衣拿来，就在你原来放的地方。 4．由连词because，as if/though等引导的表语从句。 It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。 04 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。 1．由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that只起引导词作用，在句中不作成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. 我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，两天内就会举行颁奖典礼。 2．由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。 (2021·全国甲卷)I wonder if you could give me some valuable advice on the matter. 我想知道你能否在此事上给我一些宝贵的建议。 3．由连接代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，连接代词在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，且在句中不能省略。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the race. 在此次比赛中获得第一名的选手将会被授予金牌。 4．由连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的宾语从句。连接副词既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语，且不能省略。 Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我，我们将何时讨论计划。 5．it作形式宾语 (1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find，feel，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 (2)动词hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to，depend on，rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。 05 同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。 1．由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。 I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off. 我没有收到会议被推迟的消息。 2．由连接代词引导的同位语从句。 You can have no idea what he said. 你根本想不到他说了些什么。 3．由连接副词引导的同位语从句。 I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 4．定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 (1)同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。 ①The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.(定语从句) 她提出的建议很好。 ②The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.(同位语从句) 我们轮流打扫教室这个建议很好。 (2)引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。 ①The fact (that) we talked about is important.(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语) 我们所谈论的情况很重要。 ②The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分) 他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。 [点拨](1)that与what引导名词性从句的区别。 that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“……的事情，……是什么样的”。 ①That he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次没通过考试，这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分，不可以省略) ②These photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语) (2)wh­与wh­ever引导名词性从句的区别 连接词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any...that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较： ①What you choose to wear should be clean. 你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。 ②Whatever you choose to wear should be clean. 无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服都应该是干净的。 (3)whether与if的区别 用whether而不用if的情况：①主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时；②引导表语从句和同位语从句时；③引导介词的宾语从句时；④引导词与or not连用时；⑤引导词后接to do时；⑥有些动词如leave，put，discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 ①We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否应该举行会议。 ②It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 ③I don't know whether or not the report is true. 我不知道报告是否属实。 Ⅰ.真题演练 1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my son's life，” said Mrs.Brown.“I don't know how to thank him.” 2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three­quarters of the time, they agreed. 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 4．(2021·全国甲卷)It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. 5．(2021·浙江卷)This is what they do at most banks and fast­food restaurants. 6．(2021·北京卷改编)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about where she lived. 7．(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 8．(2019·北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go. Ⅱ.模拟冲关 1．(2024·宝鸡联考)But there is some debate over whether it was NOLA or Mobile, Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1700s. 2．(2024·临沂一模)What they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more. 3．(2023·太原模拟)There is a general belief that__more Chinese people will enjoy the Spring Festival in space in the future. 4．(2024·辽宁协作体一模)Researchers hope this new site can tell people how money developed. 5．(2024·攀枝花模拟)In a sometimes callous (冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they're doing, a random act of kindness can make a difference. 6．(2024·佛山模拟)The second reason is that even though young people learn English nowadays, the education system doesn't give them many opportunities to use it. 7．(2024·唐山模拟)Recent studies provide ample evidence that the ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits, from helping improve our memories to strengthening emotional bonds between people. 8．(2024·齐齐哈尔模拟)I figured they were probably wondering why a pregnant foreigner was dragging her little kid out through the rain. Ⅲ.写作运用 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)我意识到的，他给我的真正礼物不仅仅是对我参加比赛的鼓励，而是我对自己潜力的信念。 I realized that the true gift he gave me wasn't just the encouragement to enter the contest, but the belief in my own potential. 2．老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。(what) What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” 3．我会尽我所能来促进我们之间的文化交流。(whatever) I will do whatever I can to promote the cultural exchange between us. 4．当然，重要的是，我迫不及待地想赚一些零花钱来证明我的独立性。(what, that) Of course, what also counts is that I can't wait to earn some pocket money to prove my independence. 5．真正要紧的是你是否能全神贯注于你的功课。(what, whether) What really matters/counts is whether you can concentrate on your lessons. 6．原因是，舒缓的音乐或演奏乐器可以激活我们的大脑，帮助缓解压力和焦虑。(that) The reason is that comforting music or playing instruments can activate our brain and help ease pressure and anxiety. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$