专题3.1.1 动词的时态和语态（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）课件-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题3.1.1 动词的时态和语态 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中动词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向 1 动词的时态 考向 2 动词的语态 动词的时态和语态的形式 谓语动词的五种基本形式 动词时态的核心考点 1.重温高考真题 考向 1 动词的时态 单句语法填空 1. (2024 ·全国新课标I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2. (2024 ·全国甲卷) They ______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 walks were 3. (2024年1月浙江高考) Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs __ (designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】have started 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语 Over the last two years，而且主语是复数形式，故填现在完成时 have started。 have started 4. (2023 ·全国 Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I _______ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。 wished 5. (2023 ·全国 乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查动词时态。句子主语是The remarkable development，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。 means 6. (2022 ·全国 I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas ... 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 were 7. (2022 ·全国 II卷) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 was fixing 8. (2022 ·全国 II卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【解析】考查动词时态。根据下文的“and started running”可知，此处用一般过去时。故用threw。 threw 9. (2022 ·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.  【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。故填has walked。 has walked 10. (2022 ·全国乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society __________ (address) the opening ceremony. 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知，首届“国际茶日”已经举办，故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。 addressed 11. (2021 ·全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，当时人们要把这些石头放到合适的位置上有多难。句中有时间状语then，可以判断用一般过去时。故填was。 was 12. (2021 ·全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 was 13. (2021 ·全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【解析】考查动词时态。根据上下文内容可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的经历，所以用一般过去时。故填hired。 hired 14. (2020 ·新高考全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _____ (be) on display. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。通常情况下，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。根据文中上下文时态，应该用现在时。另外句子主语是单数名词。故填is。 is 15. (2020 ·全国I卷) Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____________ (construct)”. 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。布朗大学科学家Carle Pieters表示: “因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。”这里用在直接引语中，因此应该用一般现在时。第二空的主语是月亮，表物。故填means和is constructed。 means is constructed 16. (2019·全国I卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have reported。 have reported 17. (2019 ·全国 Ⅱ卷) I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___________ (make) over the years. 【解析】考查时态。over the years 常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某 时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词 love 的时态可 知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。 have made 18. (2019·全国II 卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had可知用一般过去时态，故填 declared。 declared 19. (2019·全国 II 卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了 很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地 方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填 recommended。 recommended 20. (2019 ·浙江卷) When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚). 【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。 will have/has 21. (2019·浙江卷) One study in America found that students’ grades ________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。 improved 22. (2019·北京卷) On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _______ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” 【解析】考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，参照语境中的stood可知，用一般过去式。故填 voiced。 voiced 23. (2019·北京卷) Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question _____________________________ (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. 【解析】考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填 suggests / suggested / has suggested。 suggests/suggested/has suggested 24. (2019·天津卷) I __________ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 【解析】考查时态。句意：我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一 个礼物的，可是我没有做到。couldn’t manage用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时，表示过去本打算做某事 而没有做成。 had hoped 25. (2018·全国卷 I ) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ___ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。 is 26. (2018·全国卷II) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _______ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，用一般过去时。故填started。 started 27. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。 meant 28. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ______ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.” 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。此句子是直接引语内容，而且根据前一句的时态判断，此处为陈述客观事实。故用一般现在时。 comes 29. (2017·浙江) Pahlsson and her husband _________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. 【解析】考查动词的时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。 searched 30. (四川高考) However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother ______ (drive) the young panda away. 【解析】考查动词的时态。文章叙述了熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾，用了一般过去时，空格处也需用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的 过去式 drove。 drove 31. (全国卷Ⅱ) This cycle _____ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. 【解析】考查动词的时态。此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观事实，故用一般现在时态goes。 goes 1. (2024年新高考全国II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __ (inspired) by The Peony Pavilion, ___ ___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 2. (2024年高考全国甲卷) What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 was built 考向 2 动词的语态 单句语法填空 be done 3. (2024年1月浙江高考) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes _________ (offer) in smaller packs. 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据空白处前的 could 可知，空白处应为动词原形，主语 they 和动词 offer 之间是被动关系，故填 be offered。 be offered 4. (2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 be employed 5. (2022·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查语态。根据空后的by可知，此处用被动形式。另外从后面的时态来看，用一般过去时。故填was amazed。 was amazed 6. (2022·全国卷I) The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ... 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 is designed 7. (2021·全国甲卷) It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【解析】考查动词时态语态。根据“originally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情；主语“It”和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。 was built 8. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或房间。句子主语是一个表物的复数形式，用被动。而且根据上下文可知，应用现在时。故填are called。 are called 9. (2019·天津卷) Amy, as well as her brothers, _________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 【解析】本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。由时间状语 last week可知应用一般过去时；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则，即这句话真正的主语是Amy，故用单数；由句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。 was given 10. (2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ____________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。 was shocked 11. (2017·全国 I ) When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt 是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态结构 are removed。 are removed 12. (2017·全国Ⅲ) Sarah _____________________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。 has been told/was told 13. (全国 I ) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ____________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据语境及 allow sb. to do sth.这一用法可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。 was allowed 14. (全国Ⅲ) Truly elegant chopsticks might _________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 【解析】考查谓语动词的语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态 might be done。 be made 15. (四川) The giant panda ________ (love) by people throughout the world. 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda 此处表示单数概念，与 love之间是被动关系。故填 is loved。 is loved 16. (广东) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _________ (leave). 【解析】句意：他在附近的乡镇卖牛奶时用牛奶交换其他食品，剩下的东西为家人做奶酪和黄油。这里 what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。故填was left。 was left 2. 考 点 精 析 框架结构图 主动语态 被动语态 动词的语态 动词 动词的时态 一般时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 完成进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 动词的时态和语态的形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 现在 主动 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing 被动 am / is / are done am/ is / are being done have / has been done 过去 主动 did was / were doing had done had been doing 被动 was / were done was / were being done had been done 动词的时态和语态的形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 将来 主动 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done shall / will have been doing 被动 shall / will be done shall / will be being done shall / will have been done 过去将来 主动 should do should / would be doing should / would have done should / would have been doing 被动 should / would be done should / would be being done should / would have been done 谓语动词的五种基本形式 1.动词原形 2.动词的第三人称单数形式 3.动词的过去式形式 4.动词的现在分词形式 5.动词的过去分词形式 do does did doing done 动词时态的核心考点 1.一般现在时考点分析 (1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。 Water boils at 100 degrees. 水在摄氏 100 度沸腾。 A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难识知己。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。 (2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 The pot feels so hot and be careful not to touch it. These apples taste good and sell well in the local market. I usually leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. (3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem 等。 Though Smith has bought a car, he likes riding his new bicycle to work. All the students present belong to No. 1 Middle School in Nanjing. (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。(主将从现) I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back home. If you take the job and come to our company, they will talk with you in greater details. (5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。 The flight takes off at 8:50 and will arrive in Beijing at 11:30. The shop opens at 8:00 a.m. and closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Thursday. 2.一般过去时考点分析 (1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。 She met her former boyfriend in the street yesterday. When he was young, he took cold baths regularly. I didn’t expect to see you working here at the library. (2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。 Henry told me he read an interesting novel online last night and didn’t sleep well. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute 等。 His mother bought him a digital watch but he lost it. The moment she rushed in, she cried and told me what had happened to her. (4)常用一般过去时态的句型。 Why didn’t you think of it like that? I didn’t notice the head teacher came into the classroom. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I failed to recognize him in the crowds. Thank you for your listening $$