专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）课件-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题3.1.2 动词的时态和语态 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 考向 1 动词的时态 考向 2 动词的语态 2. 考点精析 动词的时态和语态的形式 谓语动词的五种基本形式 动词时态的核心考点 3. 书面表达中动词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 3.一般将来时考点分析 (1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用 will/shall + 动词原形(shall用于第一人称，will用于各人称)，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next week, in the future 等。 The doctors will have an important meeting tomorrow morning. I will / shall go to visit him next week. (2)表示趋向行为的动词如 come, go, start, begin, leave 等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。 The exchange students are leaving for Great Britain on Sunday. (3)一般将来时的其他表达方式 be going to do, be to do, be about to do 的用法及区别 ①be going to do 在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。 They are going to meet at the school gate on November 1st. ②be to do 表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。 A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. ③be about to do 表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。 He hardly dreams that the police are about to arrest him. 注意：be going to do 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/ will do 表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而 will do则能，表意愿。 If it is fine today, we’ll go fishing by the lake. If it is fine today, we are going to go fishing by the lake. [√] [×] 4.现在进行时考点分析 (1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划； go, come等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always, often 等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。 Look, the train is just pulling out of the station. The river is rising fast after the rain last night. He is meeting Mr. Zhang at the lecture hall tonight. We are leaving for Washington on Wednesday. The girl is always losing her keys while she doesn’t, today. (2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 ①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, (dis)agree, mean, need, doubt, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, suppose, understand, astonish, deny, impress, please, satisfy等。 ②表示存在状态的动词：be, appear, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to等。 ③表示行为结果的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。 ④表示感官的动词：see (看见), hear (听见), feel (感觉出), taste (尝出), smell (闻到), notice (注意), observe (观察), look (看起来)等。 5.过去进行时态考点分析 1) 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 2) 过去进行时的固定句型 They were singing and dancing when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，他们正在唱着、跳着。 Sarah was reading while John was sleeping in the class. 在John在班上睡觉的同时，Sarah正在读书。 Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。 请比较 He said that he watched TV last night. (过去时间 last night，用一般过去时) He said that he was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间 last night+点时间 at nine，用过去进行时) 6.现在完成时考点分析 (1)现在完成时除可以和 for, since 引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months, weeks...), in recent years, so far, up to now 等。 (2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since 从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that + 主语 + 现在完成时 (3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。 I’ll be allowed to play outside as soon as I have finished my homework. As soon as he has returned from China, the problem will be solved. Once we have made a commitment, we should keep it. The bus driver said, “Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.” 7.过去完成时考点分析 (1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。 ①在 by, by the end of, by the time, until, before, since 后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。 By the end of Senior Grade One, we had remembered 2,000 English words. The plane had just left before we reached the Capital International Airport. ②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / expected 等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped / planned ... + to have done。 I had planned not to do so and then realized that the hotel computer was available for my use. ③“时间名词 +before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week (in the week before). They left school five years ago, and then worked in a different city. ④在 hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。 He had hardly arrived at home when his wife started complaining. = Hardly had he arrived at home when his wife started complaining. (2)在 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After we (had) finished the work, we went home. Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 8. 过去将来时考点分析 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。 He always promised to his parents that he would study harder next time. 9. 注意几组时态的区别 (1)一般过去时与现在完成时： ①时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如 ago, last year, just now, the other day 等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。 ②结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 (2)过去完成时与一般过去时： 过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式，则只用一般过去时即可，不需要用过去完成时。 动词被动语态的核心考点 动词的被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语中也用 “get / become +过去分词”表示。 被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。 1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 (1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My parents bought me a new bicycle on my fifteenth birthday. → A new bicycle was bought to me (by my parents) on my fifteenth birthday. → I was bought a new bicycle (by my parents) on my fifteenth birthday. (2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加 to(位置不变)。 The cruel employer made them work for 14 hours a day. → They were made to work for 14 hours a day (by the cruel employer). (3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。 He will be operated on (by the best surgeon) in the hospital. This matter has been carefully looked into by the police. (4)情态动词，be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。 They may invite French scientists to the conference in two days. → French scientists may be invited to the conference in two days. (5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式： ①谓语动词用被动语态，后跟动词不定式。 ②用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 Some people believe that the brain is like the hard disk of a computer. → The brain is believed to be like the hard disk of a computer. → It is believed that the brain is like the hard disk of a computer. We all know that the British people love their manners (礼仪). → The British people are all known to love their manners (礼仪). → It is all known that the British people love their manners (礼仪). 类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that... 2.不能用被动语态的几种情况 (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into等。 (2)表示状态的谓语动词及系动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost, appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。 (3)表示归属的动词，如：have, own, belong to等。 (4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。 (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 (6)定语是同源宾语(如：die/death, dream/dream, live/life等)、不定式，动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。 3. 主动表被动的九种情况总结 1.连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如： The food smells very delicious.这食物闻起来很美味。 Your idea sounded to be quite right. 你的想法听起来很对。 2.当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The windows won’t shut.这些窗户关不上。 The newspapers won’t sell quickly.这些报纸不会销售得很快。 3.有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如: Her ankle caught on a root, and she almost lost her balance. 她的脚踝绊到一个树根上，身体差点失去平衡。 As he listened to the music, his eyes filled with tears. 他听着音乐，眼睛里噙着泪水。 Things have worked out wonderfully (well). 事情的结果很不错。 A black pickup truck turned off a side road in front of him. 一辆小型黑色货车在他前面拐进一条小路。 4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如： Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者？ The house is to let to support the family. 此屋出租来养活一家人。 5.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The schoolbag is heavy to carry. 这书包很重，难携带。 The music he played wasn’t pleasant to listen to. 他演奏的音乐不好听。 The pictures he took are interesting to look at. 他拍摄的那些照片看起来挺有趣的。 注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。 6.不定式用于某些动词(如：have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如： Duke, will you have time to help with my English today? 杜克，你今天有时间帮我补习英文吗？ After lunch I’ll come back. I have some clothes to wash. 吃完午饭我就回来，我有一些衣服要洗。 Want something to drink, tea, coffee, juice or Cola? 要喝什么，茶，咖啡，果汁还是可乐？ 注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较: I have something to type.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字) 7.在too ... to do sth和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。如: The sack is too heavy to lift—you’ll have to drag it. 这麻袋太重了，提不起来。你得拖着走。 Budgets are never big enough to do everything you want to do. 预算总是远远不够让你随心所欲地做自己想做的事情的。 8. be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： This idea is well worth considering. 这个想法很值得考虑。 She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气。 注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，要用被动式表示被动含义： This novel is worthy to be read (of being read). 这本小说值得一读。 9.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如： All the school houses needs repairing. 学校所有房子都需要修缮。 All the young trees require looking after carefully. 这些小树要精心照料。 This pair of shoes requires mending. 这双鞋需要修理了。 注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式，则要用被动式表被动。如： All the school houses needs to be repaired. 学校所有房子都需要修缮。 All the young trees require to be looked after carefully. 这些小树要精心照料。 4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况： be seated 坐着； be hidden 躲藏； be lost 迷路； be drunk 喝醉； be dressed 穿着 5.被动语态与系表结构的区别 此处的系表结构指“连系动词 +用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别: 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。 The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态) The book is well sold. (系表结构) 3.书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦 1.中式英语比比皆是 I very like hear music and every day I also will see some newspapers. I like listening to music very much and every day I read some newspapers as well. (习惯性动词用一般现在时) I don’t know I next should do what. I don’t know what I should do next. (误) (正) (误) (正) 2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语 The windows broken. The windows are (were) broken. Today, the largest number of people speak English may be in China. Today, the largest number of people who speak English may be in China. Today, the largest number of people speaking English may be in China. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) 3.动词的时态、语态及系动词 be的乱用 I guess from his red eyes that he was working too hard recently. I guess from his red eyes that he has been working too hard recently. She liked the article very much and reads it to the class. She liked the article very much and read it to the class. Women were used to think they were on the shelf at 30. Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30. Beijing, China will take place the 2020 Winter Olympics. The 2020 Winter Olympics will be taken place in Beijing, China. The 2020 Winter Olympics will take place in Beijing, China. (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (误) (正) 4.考点集训 题组一 动词时态集训 单句语法填空 1. The pleasures of sunbathing _______ (begin) to pall on us after a week on the beach. 2. I don’t know why such new gifted people ____________ (spring) up in my life. 3. They ___________________ (search) the area for hours, but they haven’t found anybody else. 4. I’m in a chairlift, I’ve got my headphones on, and I realize my phone __________ (ring). 5. This book also _______ (serve) readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical skills. began have sprung have been searching is ringing serves 6. Those who ____________ (learn) the letters by handwriting came out best in all tests.  7. Classes he _____________ (attend) include computer science, journalism and microeconomics. 8. Housing prices have been increasing since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government _____ (take) some effective measures to bring them under control. 9. The event that ________ (stand) out in my memory happened one morning in 1983 when I was 14 years old. It has never escaped. 10. A study shows a worrying tendency that the window for saving the world’s coral reefs from the effects of global warming _________ (close) rapidly. had learned has attended took stands is closing 题组二 动词被动语态集训 单句语法填空 1. Many children buy books after they __________________ (adapt) for television. 2. There is a sense in which we are all _________ (blame) for the tragedy. 3. As stated above, completed instances, in general, ___________ (not keep) in the BPEDB. 4. Some clever novel technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel ___________________ (develop) all the time. 5. When the river dike ____________ (complete), the crops will be safe against floods. have been adapted to blame are not kept are being developed is completed 6. The bamboo forests _____________ (cut) down, which endangers the panda population. 7. She had all the test data. And those tests _________________ (design) to tell everything about a person. 8. For a moment the circle of light ___________ (break), and something gave Peter a loving little pinch. 9. Care must ________ (take) when trimming around woody plants like shrubs and trees. 10. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the Noble Prize in Medicine, she _________ (know) by more people nowadays. are being cut had been designed was broken be taken is known Science fiction ____________ (regard) by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and explored. The Three-Body Problem, written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, ____ (be) one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work ______________ (publish) first in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume was translated into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it _________ (attract) attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book __________ (represent) many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans. The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye ___________ (recruit) to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which ____________ (set) up to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao gets caught up in a popular online game called “Three Body”, in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it __________ (uncover) a great danger threatening human existence. is regarded is was published attracted represents is recruited has been set uncovers As an Olympic fan from a very young age, I _________ (get) over my crush over any sporting “hero”, because a “hero” may be changeable and forgotten as time _______ (pass) by. But this time in Paris I think I ___________ (come) across one. At the age of 61, Ni Xialian, the oldest table tennis player, never ____ (feel) out of place in Paris. With neat movements when taking advantage, and quick leaps to relieve her emotions when losing a point, the former Chinese world champion pingpong player, now representing Luxembourg, _____ (give) out her full strength against her much younger opponent from her home country—23-year-old Sun Yingsha, who, like Ni, ____________ (not hide) her skills to make it into the final 16 on Wednesday. After wrapping up her sixth Olympic appearance with a imbalanced defeat of 0-4 to the current world No 1, Ni emotionally _______________ (acknowledge) to the respectful crowd and said at the after-match interview that her dream __________ (come) true to play again at the Olympics and compete with the world’s top player. Before facing Sun at the opposite side of the table, “Aunt Ni” ______ (give) no destination when she ____________ (invite) to serve as a training partner to China’s eventual mixed doubles champions Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin before their face-off (对峙) with a DPRK pair in the final game, due to the similarity of her technique to that of the DPRK’s female player. 题组三 综合集训 I.语法填空:基础训练(动词专练) have got passes have come felt gave didn’t hide acknowledged had come gave was invited 题组三 综合集训 II.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2022浙江1月) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others _____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _______ (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ______________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of _____ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the _________ (invite). That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ___________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.”, she says, “a really positive change.” that/who is viewed / has been viewed are changing roughly have promised whether/if the invitation to continue Ⅱ.增分写作训练 有些老师说:“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。在读后续写中，对话较多，用主动更合适，当然具体情况具体对待，不可能千篇一律。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。 1. We will exhibit all the art works on the third floor of the Gallery Center. All the art works will be exhibited on the third floor of the Gallery Center. 2. We expect you to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. You are expected to arrive at the concert on time before 8:30 o’clock. 3.We have selected the teaching plans from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. The teaching plans have been selected from 20 pieces handed in by the teachers in the whole school. Thank you for your listening $$