山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题

1 高二年级暑假学业检查英语 本试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 90 分钟 第一部分 单句填空（每题 1 分，共 20 分） 1．He’s giving me English lessons in exchange________ my teaching him Chinese. 2．Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 3．According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to, as it is ________ (option)． 4．Once the book you've requested ________ (deliver) to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e­mail, so you can pick it up. 5．He brought us some novels, all of ________ are written in English. 6．For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more ________ (benefit) for health than eating first. 7．While ________ (discuss) the design to save the trapped miners，the experts found it rather practical. 8．The law ________ (date) back to the 17th century is still in use today. 9．The students are studying in an atmosphere ________ everyone is friendly. 10．John was studying in his room ________ he heard someone screaming. 11．Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 12．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 13. The library is now a multimedia zone, ________ (load) with information in many formats． 14．It was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it ________ (take) to get there. 15．We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago. 16. She apologized to me and admitted______________ (take) my umbrella by mistake. 17．Who doesn't love the name P­NUT—short____________ Personal­Neo Urban Transport? 18．So far, the closure of the factory ____________ (leave) hundreds of men unemployed. 19．With the College Entrance Examination _________(approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities. 20．Some were collecting firewood, while others were just ___________ (aimless) walking or standing by the road. 第二部分 阅读理解（每题 2.5 分，共 55 分） （1） Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make "green" ammonia (氨) from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Environmental 2 Science, the authors say that ammonia synthesis (合成法) was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it enabled agriculture to sustain an ever­expanding global population. But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed, production of ammonia has been energy intensive­ requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm­and all powered by fossil fuels. Dr. Emma Lovell, a co author on the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia­ known as the Haber­ Bosch process­ is only cost­ effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO2 than any other chemical­making reaction. “In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in the one place,” says Dr. Lovell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ” Dr. Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources, nor give of CO2. “And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand­ farmers could even do this on location using our technology to make fertilisers­­­which means we negate the need for storage and transport . There's a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet,”Dr. Lovell says. 21．What do we know about the Haver­Bosch process? A．It uses less energy and is cheap. B．It requires green materials. C．It does harm to the earth. D．It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia. 22．Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text? A．To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage. B．To remind people to protect the environment. C．To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere. D．To stress the choice of a proper centralised location. 23．What does the underlined word “negate” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Inspect. B．Accept. C．Suit. D． Avoid. 24．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To introduce a method. C．To advocate a theory. D．To explain a process. （2） 3 Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants.Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators.Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands. A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night.By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences. Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands.They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night.Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative effect, because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California.Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators.The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently.More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light. “The annually increasing man­made light improves humans' life. It causes bad consequences for the environment, however. We can never base our life on the loss of the environment，” says Knop, lead author of the study. 25．According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to ________. A．put forward a problem B．present background information C．inform the purpose of the study D．introduce the subjects to be studied 26．According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________. A．stopped bearing fruits in the end B．failed to be pollinated C．were visited by fewer insects D．were more attractive to pollinators 27．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to? 4 A． The starvation of insects. B．The loss of pollination. C．The reduced fruit production. D．The death of some plants. 28．What can we learn from Paragraph 6? A．Misdirected insects confuse plants' sense of time. B．Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways. C．The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear. D．Artificial light affects plants' pollination and sense of time. （3） Antarctica's (南极洲的) melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed. The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters. But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica's once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017. Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and his colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarctica's contribution to the 13.8­millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile，” Rignot says. “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.”Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can't do that without international cooperation.” 29．What is the new finding of scientists? A．The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years. B．The West Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979. C．Five billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year. 5 D． The East Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate. 30. Which factor leads to the EAIS's melting fast? A．A base mostly over sea level. B．The invasion of a warm current. C．The force of gravity. D．Extremely low temperature. 31．Which of the following best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para.3? A．Fragile. B．Mild. C． Unattackable. D．Unstable. 32．Which way does Helen Fricker specially advocate? A．Worldwide combined efforts. B．Global monitoring. C．Worldwide climate modeling. D．Satellite imagery. （4） When you’re giving a speech, there isn’t a one­stop­shop approach that will address every individual. 33 These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech. 34 Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so your tone and body language are more important than ever. Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged. For smaller audiences, they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed. This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout. Meanwhile, you still need to deliver your message in the time you have. Keep it in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience. 35 Generally, there are 4 different ways people learn: visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements of each learning style in your speech will help engage more of your audience. Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. 36 The most effective way to do this is to create two versions of your speech that have different contents entirely. No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to, you may find you are losing audience engagement. It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact, yawning or your listener being on their phone. 37 A. Adjust your approach to get back their attention. B. Adapt your speech based on your audience size. C. It can assist in connecting with different audiences. 6 D. Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience. E. Audiences have different requirements when receiving information. F. Take time to observe and look out for the reactions in the crowd. G. They learn and take in information in different ways. （5） Unsurprisingly, people who are very busy also tend to be very successful and knowledgeable, so it’s in your interest to befriend with them. But how do you talk to such busy people in order to make friends with them? 38 The same rules apply. However, there are a few specific rules for talking with busy people in particular. Remember that even busy people are social creatures. That people are busy doesn’t mean they don’t want to chat with others or they don’t enjoy it. 39 Busy people can be very social and friendly. Like anyone else, they have a deep­seated need to socialize and make friends. 40 They know they’re capable and in demand, but it doesn’t mean they expect others to prove themselves to them. The best use of your time talking with busy people is not in trying to impress them. Focus on making a conversation and creating a connection, not on proving yourself. Spend more time in their field. When dealing with busy people, since their time is in high demand, your favorite topics take a slight backseat to theirs. It usually makes sense to make sure they find the topics you talk about meaningful. 41 Get to the point. 42 Their time is highly valuable. So they don’t need you to sugar coat your messages that much, they just want you to say what you have to say. A. Don’t hesitate to change your plans. B. Don’t try to prove yourself. C. It’s comfortable for them to chat with people who they like. D. They just don’t have that much time for it. E. Busy people have little patience for communicators who beat around the bush. F. Once you’ve found a topic they enjoy talking about, you should explore that topic. G. Mostly, talking to busy people is the same as talking to any others. 第三部分 完型填空（每题 1 分，共 45 分） (1) It’s often recommended to befriend the enemy, but high school freshman Xavier Staubs did more than that. He saved his life. At a swim meet, the 15­year­old boy rescued a 43 who was struggling under water. It 44 as a regular home meet. Xavier had just completed his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly noticed a boy in an adjoining lane was 45 . “I heard people screaming, and I see him underneath.” Without 46 , Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to 7 safety. 47 , the boy started breathing on his own. His 48 actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who 49 Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record. At lunchtime, Xavier learned the congressman was coming to meet him. Moolenaar wanted to 50 him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress. “We heard the story about what he had done. The more I learned about it, the more I thought we really wanted to praise what he did,” the Congressman told CNN. “Usually, you heard bad outcomes and 51 situations,” Moolenaar said. “This was such a powerful 52 of one student helping another 53 the two boys were competitors.” 54 , Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not 55 . She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow 56 . Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did. And Xavier performing such a 57 act was something she’s used to hearing about. Xavier is not only a great swimmer but also a dancer, band member and a straight­A student. And now, a hero. 43．A．classmate B．competitor C．volunteer D．stranger 44．A．took off B．put off C．moved off D．started off 45．A．performing B．Competing C．drowning D．training 46．A．doubt B．admission C．preparation D．hesitation 47．A．Unluckily B．Fortunately C．Sadly D．Honestly 48．A．inspiring B．moving C．heroic D．modest 49．A．observed B．respected C．encouraged D．recognized 50．A．present B．react C．deserve D．judge 51．A．amusing B．upset C．pleasant D．surprising 52．A．example B．incident C．relief D．event 53．A．as for B．as though C．even though D．now that 54．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However 55．A．pleased B．surprised C．delighted D．puzzled 56．A．involved B．threatened C．influenced D．endangered 57．A．determined B．generous C．selfless D．devoted (2) When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t 58 . At twelve, she asked our parents if she could attend a full­time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister 59 talent. I was better at my 60 . My teacher had told my parents that I had great 61 . So my 8 parents found the best piano teacher in the area to 62 me. But the only time he was 63 was Saturday afternoons at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy about the British TV show The Avengers, which was 64 every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my Avengers hour. So I 65 this amazing opportunity. Today, I don’t even have a piano in my house. My sister became an engineer, but she 66 stopped making music. When she was in her forties, she switched 67 . She went back to college, got a 68 in music education, and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never 69 . Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family 70 for her. As she played, I looked around at the audience. Everyone was 71 enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person who remembered that 7­year­old kid making those perfectly 72 sounds and knew how far she had come, despite everything. Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important. 58. A.admit B.advance C.quit D.improve 59. A.admired B.lacked C.had D.enriched 60. A.major B.project C.composition D.instrument 61. A.ambition B.patience C.enthusiasm D.potential 62. A.examine B.train C.correct D.challenge 63. A.available B.punctual C.crazy D.particular 64. A.aired B.filmed C.designed D.commented 65. A.took over B.picked out C.waited for D.turned down 66. A.already B.even C.never D.once 67. A.attitudes B.careers C.plans D.positions 68. A.degree B.chance C.scholarship D.sponsor 69. A.expected B.provided C.imagined D.received 70. A.paid off B.showed off C.stayed up D.turned up 71. A.appropriately B.anxiously C.obviously D.desperately 72. A.sweet B.awful C.powerful D.unique (3) There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were 73 and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very 74 . But when the neighbors saw their 75 , they just looked at each other and laughed. It seemed too hard to 76 all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone's garden was 77 terrible. No one felt it was urgent to 78 anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a 79 , hard­working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he 80 in the street. He took his lawn 9 mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started 81 his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. Attracted by the 82 , the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured (修 整的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more 83 in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was 84 from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn't be out of place in a stylish magazine. One person's action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little 85 work. It's easy for us to 86 the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only 87 yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world. 73．A．taking over B．dying out C．giving D．falling off 74．A．tidy B．delicate C．familiar D．awful 75．A．gardens B．doors C．Roofs D．farms 76．A．purchase B．guard C．clear D．build 77．A．scarcely B．invisibly C．slightly D．equally 78．A．keep B．change C．reach D．defeat 79．A．proud B．casual C．neat D．selfless 80．A．settled B．stepped C．performed D．stood 81．A．planting B．picking C．watering D．shaping 82．A．office clerk B．fashion designer C．landscape gardener D．street cleaner 83．A．furniture B．staff C．effort D．heat 84．A．transformed B．moved C．enlarged D．passed 85．A．mental B．hard C．corporate D．optional 86．A．observe B．mind C．overlook D．pollute 87．A．traps B．benefits C．defends D．admires 第四部分 语篇填空（每题 1.5 分，共 30 分） (1) April 24th marked the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, the creation of 88 is considered as the beginning of the modern environmental movement by the 89 (major) of people. Many people continue to stay at home during the recent months. As a result, people are making less pollution, and the air has become 90 (clean). Smog stopped 91 (cover) New Delhi, one of the world’s most 92 ( pollute) cities. Nitrogen dioxide pollution in 93 northeastern of the United States 94 (drop) by 30 percent up till now. Stars seem more visible at night. 10 Researchers have been observing sharp drops in traditional air pollutants (污染物), such as nitrogen dioxide, smog and tiny particles. These kinds of pollutants kill up to 7 million people a year worldwide. “Human activity usually makes it difficult for sea turtles 95 (leave) their eggs on sandy coastlines. Nesting turtles need to be undisturbed. After they come out of their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way to the water because of bright lights. But 96 the lights mostly off and people staying at home, the sea turtle nesting 97 (seem) much better at present,” Godfrey said. “There is still hope left for wildlife,” Godfrey said. (2) Our grandparents seems to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar 98 they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later. What's the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气), 99 were added on Nov.30 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产) by the United Nations (UN). It is a knowledge system and social practice 100 (form) through people's observations of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate. The 24 Solar Terms 101 (come) into being during the Qin and Han 102 (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were 103 (extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite, internet or weather broadcast 104 (help) them. 105 these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement and also 106 (pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth. It is honored as China's 107 (five) great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology­based modern farming.