专题05 七选五-【好题汇编】2022年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（北京专用)

专题05 七选五 Passage1【2022•北京朝阳•二模】 In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. 1 Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance. 2 When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred. We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. 3 They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating. 4 Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection. Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard. 5 A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling. B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone. C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways. D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life. E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing. F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction. Passage2【2022•北京房山•二模】 Exploring Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. 6 One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. 7 All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area. Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself. This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness. 8 It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams. 9 A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field. 10 As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose. A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have. B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen. C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major. D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes. E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer. F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities. G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns. Passage3【2022•北京海淀•二模】 Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites. 11 Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material. Almost all websites require some type of website copywriting. The material on a website is important not only to attract customers, but also to raise page ranks and create search engine traffic. This means that website copywriting can be somewhat different from regular writing because writers must write for two audiences. Search engine optimization (SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines. 12 . An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web. 13 If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article, more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money. Website copywriters often have to have both a writing background and a marketing background. A person who is acting as a website copywriter for a site usually needs to be able to write active prose that inspires action. They also need to be able to drive traffic to the site, so that customers can see the products for sale. Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting. 14 Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article. 15 People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result. A．The type of copy that is required varies depending on the type of website. B．Online companies may offer informational articles about products and services. C．Website copywriters have to be familiar with basic grammar, style, and structure rules. D．Internet copywriting also involves the composition of short headlines or advertisements. E．Theoretically, the higher the SEO, the higher the number of readers that will be directed to the website. F．Website copy not only serves the overall function of the website, but needs to capture the attention of readers. G．This means copy for a website may have to contain certain keywords that people search when looking for something. Passage4【2022•北京朝阳•二模】 （2022·北京东城·二模）Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. 16 And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen? To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media. We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect? 17 When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more. These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. 18 They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions. 19 To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content. So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming. 20 Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time. A．It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible. B．You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them. C．Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels. D．These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole. E．Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media. F．The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it. G．This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing. Passage5【2022•北京丰台•二模】 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? 21 It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one’s life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. 22 The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. 23 If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). 24 That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. 25 Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A．At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B．This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C．Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good. D．The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E．News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F．The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G．The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. Passage6【2022•北京顺义•二模】 When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?” 26 Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. 27 Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. 28 A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster. Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it. 29 On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it. 30 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. A．In nature, everything gets recycled. B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it. C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it. D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群). E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant. F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too. G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 七选五 Passage1【2022•北京朝阳•二模】 In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health. 1 Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance. 2 When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred. We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. 3 They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating. 4 Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection. Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard. 5 A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling. B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone. C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways. D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life. E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing. F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction. 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。 1．根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance? (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢?)”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。 2．根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。 3．根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。 4．根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。 5．空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。 Passage2【2022•北京房山•二模】 Exploring Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. 6 One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. 7 All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area. Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself. This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness. 8 It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams. 9 A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field. 10 As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose. A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have. B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen. C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major. D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes. E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer. F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities. G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns. 【答案】6．C 7．G 8．B 9．F 10．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学的益处。 6．由上文“Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. (心理学是研究心理和行为的科学。对心理学有更丰富、更深入的理解，可以帮助人们洞察自己的行为，更好地理解他人。)”可知，上文主要讲解心理学的用处，而C项As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.(因此，心理学成为一个非常受欢迎的大学专业。)，符合语境，其中“As a result”表示对上面陈述情况的总结，有承上作用。故选C项。 7．由上文“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。并非所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家。)”可知，这里主要讲心理学的一个好处，而G项However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.(然而，所有心理学专业的学生都将提高对人类行为和思维模式的认识。)，符合语境，表明虽然不是所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家，但学习心理学对他们有益，其中“However, all psychology majors”与前文“Not all psychology majors”对应。故选G项。 8．由下文“It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. (它还显示了一个人在现代世界中拥有的力量和关键技能。)”可知，这里在讲自我意识的作用。而B项It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.(它向个人展示了个人需要加强的领域。)，符合语境。其中“It shows”与下文“It also shows”对应。故选B项。 9．由第二段“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。)”以及第三段“Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. (心理学也提供了个体对自己的洞察。)”可知，前文讲述了心理学的两个好处，而F项The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.(心理学之所以是一门有用的专业，第三个原因是它为人们提供了广泛的职业机会。)，符合语境。其中“The third reason”和前文对应，也与下文“These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.(这些领域包括工业心理学、学校心理学、私人实践、组织行为领域、执法以及几乎所有其他领域)”对应。故选F项。 10．由后文“As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.(如上所述，心理学专业有许多职业机会可供选择。)”可知，心理学专业能提供很多就业机会。而E项All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.(所有领域都有机会从心理学提供的指导中受益。)，符合语境，其中“All fields ”与后文“a number of career opportunities”对应。故选E项。 Passage3【2022•北京海淀•二模】 Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites. 11 Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material. Almost all websites require some type of website copywriting. The material on a website is important not only to attract customers, but also to raise page ranks and create search engine traffic. This means that website copywriting can be somewhat different from regular writing because writers must write for two audiences. Search engine optimization (SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines. 12 . An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web. 13 If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article, more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money. Website copywriters often have to have both a writing background and a marketing background. A person who is acting as a website copywriter for a site usually needs to be able to write active prose that inspires action. They also need to be able to drive traffic to the site, so that customers can see the products for sale. Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting. 14 Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article. 15 People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result. A．The type of copy that is required varies depending on the type of website. B．Online companies may offer informational articles about products and services. C．Website copywriters have to be familiar with basic grammar, style, and structure rules. D．Internet copywriting also involves the composition of short headlines or advertisements. E．Theoretically, the higher the SEO, the higher the number of readers that will be directed to the website. F．Website copy not only serves the overall function of the website, but needs to capture the attention of readers. G．This means copy for a website may have to contain certain keywords that people search when looking for something. 【答案】11．A 12．E 13．G 14．C 15．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了网站文案的概念以及如何创作网站文案。 11．根据上文“Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites.(网站文案包括为网站编写文本和文案)”以及后文“Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material.(商业网站可能需要标准的销售风格的文案，而信息性或教育性网站可能需要更结构化的材料)”可知，上文对网站文案进行了解释，而后文提到了商业网站和信息性或教育性网站需要不同类型的文案，故A选项“所需的文案类型因网站类型而异”符合语境，故选A。 12．根据上文“Search engine optimization(SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines.(搜索引擎优化（SEO）有时在网站文案中很重要。SEO是指为吸引热门搜索引擎的注意而制作副本的过程)”可知，本句承接上文说明SEO在吸引读者数量上的作用：SEO越高，网站的读者数量就越高。故E选项“理论上，SEO越高，网站的读者数量就越高”符合语境，故选E。 13．根据上文“An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web.(了解关键词和搜索引擎的行为是重要的搜索引擎优化时写的网页拷贝)”以及后文“If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article. more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money.(如果这些关键字被正确地使用在文章的适当位置。更多的流量将通过搜索引擎进入网站，网站所有者可能会有赚更多钱的潜力)”可知，上文提到了关键字的作用，后文提到关键词的使用位置会影响所有者的收入，故本句是在解释网站文案的制作中关键字的意义，故G选项“这意味着一个网站的文案可能必须包含某些关键字，人们在寻找某些东西时可以搜索”符合语境，故选G。 14．根据上文“Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting.(能够写出有效的销售文案对网站文案也很重要)”以及后文“Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article.(为了实现目标，内容必须写得很好，遵守标准的写作规则通常是一篇好文章的先决条件)”可知，后文提到了遵守写作规则是一篇好文章的先决条件，可知本句是在说明网站文案的创作需要遵循写作规则，故C选项“网站文案必须熟悉基本的语法、风格和结构规则”符合语境，故选C。 15．根据后文“People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result.(浏览网页的人倾向于阅读不同于阅读书籍或报纸的人。因此，内容必须迅速吸引他们的注意力，并且相对容易阅读，这通常包括写易于阅读的散文。因此，标题、项目符号和简单的语言通常是首选)”可知，后文内容提到了吸引读者注意力，F选项中attention对应后文中attention。故F选项“网站文案不仅服务于网站的整体功能，还需要吸引读者的注意”符合语境，故选F。 Passage4【2022•北京朝阳•二模】 （2022·北京东城·二模）Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. 16 And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen? To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media. We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect? 17 When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more. These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. 18 They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions. 19 To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content. So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming. 20 Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time. A．It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible. B．You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them. C．Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels. D．These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole. E．Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media. F．The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it. G．This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing. 【答案】16．B 17．E 18．D 19．F 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们已经观看的媒体数量，他们观看的媒体的相似性，以及他们观看媒体的方式三种因素增加了媒体的可及性，从而导致人们更加容易沉迷社交媒体中。文章对此提出了相关方法。 16．根据上文“Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat.(想象一下这样的场景：你刚刚进入工作状态，拿出要完成的重要报告，这时一个朋友在微信上给你发了几段名人视频)”以及后文“And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen?(然后你知道的下一件事是，一个小时过去了，那份重要的报告被忽视在你的桌子上。这是怎么发生的呢？)”可知，上文提到了一个朋友在微信上给你发了几段名人视频，后文则说花费了一个小时在看视频上，可见本句是在说明一开始认为观看这些视频需要的时间。故B选项“你觉得你只需要几分钟就能看完。”符合语境，故选B。 17．根据第二段“To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media.(为了理解这一点，我们对6445人进行了一系列研究。通过这项研究，我们确定了三个因素：人们已经观看的媒体数量，他们观看的媒体的相似性，以及他们观看媒体的方式)”以及上文“We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect?(我们发现，我们消费内容的顺序和类型会影响我们继续消费类似内容的决定。但是是什么导致了这种结果呢？)”可知，第二段提到了三种因素，上文设问是什么导致了这种结果，可知本句旨在说明这一问题的答案：这三个因素都增加了类似媒体的可及性。故E选项“之前的研究表明，这三个因素都增加了类似媒体的可及性。”符合语境，E选项中的“accessibility”呼应下文“When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.(当一些东西感觉更容易接近时，它就会变得更容易处理，让我们更享受它)”中的“accessible”。故选E。 18．根据上文“These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work.(这些结果也解释了为什么工作时很容易被社交媒体上的应用程序分心)”以及后文“They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.(他们提供小尺寸的内容，使它很容易快速地连续观看几个视频。它们通常会自动推荐类似的内容，其中许多甚至会自动开始播放类似的视频，从而减少了被打断的可能性)”可知，后文的内容表明，平台通过推荐短小的视频，来将观众困在了社交媒体中。故D选项“这些平台旨在把观众困在社交媒体的兔子洞里。”符合语境，故选D。 19．根据后文“To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.(为了对抗拉力，努力只看一个视频。如果你真的想连续看多个视频，那就选择一些看起来不相关的视频。你也可以使用社交媒体计时器，敦促你在一定的时间后休息一下，或甚至只是有意识地提醒自己阅读不同类型的内容)”可知，后文主要说明了将观看这些视频作为一种提醒自己的工具，故F选项“好消息是，更好地理解这个问题可以给我们提供逃避它的工具。”符合语境，故选F。 20．根据上文“So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming.(所以，如果你正挣扎着从兔子洞里爬出来，试着找到减少你所消费内容的相似性、重复性和相关性的方法)”以及后文“Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.(一旦你设法挣脱，你很快就会回到那个大报告)”可知，上文提到试着找到减少你所消费内容的相似性、重复性和相关性的方法，后文则说从中设法挣脱了出来，可知本句旨在说明上文提到的方法虽然困难，但也不是完全不可能。故A选项“这可能很难，但也不是不可能。”符合语境，故选A。 Passage5【2022•北京丰台•二模】 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? 21 It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one’s life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. 22 The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. 23 If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). 24 That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. 25 Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A．At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B．This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C．Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good. D．The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E．News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F．The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G．The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. 【答案】21．B 22．E 23．A 24．G 25．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在生活中，人们总是会反事实思维，总在想如果当时选择了另一个选项会是怎样呢？心理学家认为反事实思维对我们的生活是有益的，能够帮助我们更明智地选择未来的方向。 21．根据下文“It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. (它是后悔、感激和内疚等情绪的发源地)”中出现了“it”，说明上文是提及了一个概念或者一个内容。选项B“This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.(这种心理上的“如果论”被称为反事实思维)”既和第一段呼应，指出第一段中的“如果论”，又直接引出本文的关键词“counterfactual thinking”，也就是空后的“it”。故选B。 22．根据下文“The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful" to describe their feelings. (受害者通常浑身颤抖和高度情绪化，他们往往失去了他们所拥有的一切。然而，我们经常听到他们用“幸运”或“感激”这样的词来描述自己的感受)”中提到了受害者，并且提到了他们的话，由此可推断是有人在采访他们。选项E“News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.(新闻记者经常采访那些死里逃生的幸存者)”引出下文这些人的话，符合文意。故选E。 23．根据上文“And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful" to describe their feelings. (然而，我们经常听到他们用“幸运”或“感激”这样的词来描述自己的感受)”可知，幸存者在接受采访。选项A“At first glance, this response does not make much sense.(乍一看，这种反应毫无依据)”中的“response”和上文一致，同时引出下文。故选A。 24．根据上文“Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的).(一些心理学家认为，反事实思维的好处之一是，它可以成为让我们更快复苏的有效工具)”可知，这里指的是反事实思维的好处。选项G“The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.(反事实思考者的头脑很容易想象出更糟糕的情况)”既分析了受害者为什么会说自己幸运，又引出下文“That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.(这为积极情绪铺平了道路，可能会帮助他们度过生命中非常黑暗的一段时间)”，再次强调了反事实思维的好处。故选G。 25．根据下文“Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.(许多心理学家认为它的存在是为了帮助我们明确对我们最重要的目标，并提高我们明智地选择未来行动路线的能力)”可知，这里介绍了反事实思维对我们的益处。选项C“Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.(尽管有时它会让我们悲伤，但它也能给我们带来一些好处)”与下文内容一致。故选C。 Passage6【2022•北京顺义•二模】 When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?” 26 Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. 27 Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. 28 A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster. Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it. 29 On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it. 30 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. A．In nature, everything gets recycled. B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it. C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it. D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群). E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant. F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too. G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises. 【答案】26．D 27．F 28．G 29．A 30．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中吸取灵感，以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。 26．根据上文“When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”(当你需要找到一个设计问题的解决方案时，你可以问自己，‘哪些动物或植物在生活中面临类似的问题，它们如何处理？’)”和下文“Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part.(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)”可知，上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物，下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。由此推知，空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关。D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地”符合题意，开启下文，ants呼应下文termites。故选D。 27．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. (津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法，厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户，所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱，让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽)”可知，这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市。由此推知，空处继续陈述这种设计的应用。F项“对于东南亚炎热拥挤的城市来说，这也是一个很好的解决方案”符合题意，also表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。 28．根据上文“Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. (工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题)”推知，空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音”符合题意，problem是关键词，选项中的his指代Nakatsu。故选G。 29．根据下文“On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. (另一方面，塑料包装制造了许多浪费和污染)”中的on the other hand推知，空处内容与下文形成对照，即空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界，一切都是循环利用的”符合题意。故选A。 30．根据下文“Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. (Nakatsu担心今天的孩子没有机会触摸和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域，这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式)”可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然，这样就可以熟悉自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿自然，我们必须熟悉它”符合题意，nature是关键词。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$