内容正文:
Unit 3 Pets
重点语法:被动语态(二)(五大题型,90题)
目录
语法知识精讲 1
语法知识精练 5
题型一:现在完成时的被动语态 5
题型二:现在进行时的被动语态 7
题型三:无被动语态情况 8
题型四:主动表被动 10
题型五:含情态动词的被动语态 11
参考答案: 13
语法知识精讲
一:被动语态的句型
句型
构成
例句
肯定句
主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )
English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句
主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…)
English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句
Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?
—Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?
—Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?
Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?
二:被动语态的各种时态形式
时态
结构
例句
一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他
History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。
These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时
主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他
The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。
The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时
主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他
Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成?
现在进行时
主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他
A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时
主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他
The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。
The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。
现在完成时
主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他
He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。
Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?
过去完成时
主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他
The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。
A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他
Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。
三:被动语态的用法
用法
例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者
How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音?
The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者
School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时
He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者
I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要
The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告,他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道,他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
四:主动语态变被动语态
说明
例句
含有单个宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式;如果需要说明动作的发出者,则需加上"by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)"。
The famous professor gave two lectures in English.
→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English.
那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。
They often ask some questions after class.
→Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.
他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语":当直接宾语是名词或代词时,可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语,而另一个保持不动。但是,当直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。
The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.
→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.
→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.
老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句,即"主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语":把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语,简称主补)。
We call him Li Hua.
→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。
They painted the room white.
→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】
感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补,变为被动语态时,需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to,即"be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth"。
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.
→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句:谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。
They take good care of these children.
→These children are taken good care of.
他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。
We should make full use of the good chance.
→The good chance should be made full use of.
我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】
动词短语用于被动语态时,把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构,其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
五:主动形式表示被动意义
情况
例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:lock,open,read,sell,teach,wash,write等。
The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.
A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,如:smell,feel,taste,sound等。
This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。
Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义,如:need,want,require,worth等。
The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】
常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组:
be seated 坐着,就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路
be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
语法知识精练
题型一:现在完成时的被动语态
1.No wonder your room looks smaller. Your sister’s bed ________ to your room.
A.will move B.will be moved C.has moved D.has been moved
2.All the work ________ and they go back home together.
A.was finished B.was finishing C.finished D.has been finished
3.It’s said that the project that connects the two islands _________.
A.had been completed B.has been completed
C.has completed D.had completed
4.—Any latest news about the Canadian wildfires?
—As report goes, around 30,000 people ________ to leave their homes in Western Canada since last Sunday.
A.were told B.have told C.have been told D.would tell
5.More and more new schools ________ in the area in the past few years.
A.built B.were built C.have built D.have been built
6.— It is reported that International search and rescue (救援) teams have rushed to Turkey to help for the huge earthquakes.
— An 82-member China Search and Rescue Team ________ there as well.
A.sends B.was sent C.has been sent D.has sent
7.—In recent years, smart city technologies such as online maps, AI and Internet of things, ________ in many places in China.
—Yes. Our city life is becoming smarter and easier.
A.used B.were used C.have used D.have been used
8.—When will our school hold a sports meeting this term?
—It’s a pity. According to the school’s decision, it ________ because of the awful weather.
A.will be canceled B.will cancel C.canceled D.has been canceled
9.So far, most of the things ________ by the workers. They will finish all of them soon.
A.have done B.have been done C.did D.was done
10.—The air here is much fresher than before.
—Exactly! A lot of trees ________ in the past few years.
A.planted B.are planted C.were planted D.have been planted
11.—Why do you want to be a doctor?
—Because lots of touching news about them ________ these days.
A.has been reported B.is reporting C.is reported D.has reported
12.—You know, new energy technologies in China ______ rapidly these years.
—Yes, we can see lots of cars with new energy on the streets.
A.are progressing B.will progress
C.were progressing D.have been progressed
13.—Do you have any new findings in the study?
—Yes. 10,000 students ________, and 90% of them would like to try the new method of learning.
A.were being surveyed B.have been surveyed
C.have surveyed D.were surveying
14.Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments.
A.have created B.have been created C.created D.were created
15.The rest of the fish ________ out.
A.has sold B.have sold
C.has been sold D.have been sold
16.—Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday?
—I’m not sure. Because I ________ so far.
A.have invited B.wasn’t invited
C.will be invited D.haven’t been invited
17.—When will we start our work?
—We won’t start the work until all the preparations ________.
A.are being made B.will be made C.have been made D.had been made
18.—Lots of time and energy _________ on the farm land since the use of machines.
—That’s for sure. Thanks to the high technology.
A.are saved B.were saved C.will be saved D.have been saved
19.Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years.
A.was made into B.have been made out of
C.made up of D.has been made from
20.Paper ________ the fibres of plants for many years.
A.has been made from
B.have been made out of
C.has made up of
D.have been made into
题型二:现在进行时的被动语态
21.Look! A nice picture________ for our teacher.
A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws
22.—The air pollution in this place is particularly serious.
—Yeah! Luckily, to protect the environment, many actions __________.
A.are taking B.will take C.are being taken D.had been taken
23.Look! We can’t cross the bridge. It ________ by some workers.
A.repairs B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.is repairing
24.—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms ________.
A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting
25.A new school ________ here.The local government hopes to finish it next year.
A.is built B.was built
C.has been built D.is being built
26.A new library ________ there. We can use it at the beginning of next term.
A.is built B.is being built C.has been built D.should be built
27.I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.
A.is repaired B.has repaired C.has been repaired D.is being repaired
28.We can’t use the bridge now, because it ________.
A.has been repaired B.is repairing C.is repaired D.is being repaired
29.—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week.
—Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now.
A.was hurt; taken good care B.was hurt; taken good care of
C.hurt; being taken good care of D.hurt; taken good care
30.—I think it’s more and more important for us to protect our environment.
—I agree with you. Air and water ________ seriously.
A.is polluted B.are polluting C.polluted D.are being polluted
题型三:无被动语态情况
31.The cotton ________ very soft and ________ white, I think it has good quality.
A.is felt, is looked B.feels, looks C.smells, sounds D.is felt, looks
32.Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years.
A.have taken place B.took place C.will take place D.have been taken place
33.—Our school sports meeting ________ last week. And we won the first prize.
—Sounds great. Congratulations!
A.happened B.took place C.was happened D.was taken place
34.The problem is a little bit complicated (复杂的). It needs ________ again.
A.discussed B.discussing C.discuss D.to discuss
35.Chosin Reservoir(《长津湖》)wins high praise from the public. And the film is well worth ________.
A.watched B.watching
C.to watching D.watch
36.There are so many places of interest in our country that are worth ________.
A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.to be visited
37.—This pair of trousers ________ smooth because they are made of cotton in Xinjiang.
—So, they ________ well.
A.feels, sell B.is felt, are sold C.was felt, sell D.feel, have sold
38.Great changes ________ place in Shenyang in a few years’ time.
A.have taken B.have been taken C.will be taken D.will take
39.— What’s wrong with this old house?
— Something strange ________ in it.
A.takes place B.is taken place C.was taken place D.took place
40.The accident _________ last night. His father died ________ it.
A.happened, of B.happened, from
C.was happened, of D.was taken place, from
41.I will show you the photos ________ in Beijing by the time they ________.
A.taken; come out B.were taken; are come out
C.were taken; will come out D.taken; are come out
42.A lot of changes ________ in our hometown in the past five years.
A.were taken place B.took place C.have been taken place D.have taken place
43.The tea trade from China to Western countries ________ in the 19th century.
A.take place B.takes place C.took place D.was taken place
44.Hangzhou Asian Games ________ in September and in October, 2023.
A.took place B.are held C.were taken place D.held
45.A basketball match will ________ in the stadium(体育场) this Sunday.
A.take place B.happen C.be happened D.be taken place
46.The number of Tik Tok (抖音) users ________ sharply since Tik Tok ________ in 2016.
A.has risen; appeared B.have been risen; appeared
C.raises; was appeared D.rose; was appeared
47.—My computer works much more slowly these days.
—Maybe it has caught a virus. The computer requires ________ about once a month.
A.checking B.to check C.check D.checked
48.It ________ Jia Ling has become one of the most successful female directors.
A.is turned out B.turns out C.is carried out D.carries out
49.There were lots of people at the street corner when the accident ________.
A.was taken place B.has happened
C.was happened D.happened
50.The meeting ________ next Monday.
A.will be happened B.will take place
C.will be taken place D.will happen
题型四:主动表被动
51.These computers ________ well, and they will ________ soon.
A.sell; sell out B.are sold; sell out
C.sell; be sold out D.are sold; sold out
52.We had to ask them for help because our money ________.
A.used up B.was using up C.ran out D.was run out
53.This kind of books _____ well.
A.sell B.is sold C.are sold D.sells
54.East or west, Guilin landscape is the best. So Guilin is worth ________ many times.
A.to be visited B.to visit C.visiting D.to visiting
55.His bike is broken. It needs ________ soon.
A.be repaired B.to be repair C.repairing D.be mended
56.Silk ________ more comfortable than cotton.
A.feels B.felt C.is feeling D.is felt
57.—Du Fu is called “the saint of poetry”, isn’t he?
—Yes. He ________ by many people and his works ________ in different languages around the world.
A.is looked up; are sold well B.is looked up; sell well
C.is looked up to; sell well D.is looked up to; are sold well
58.Experts think sunset industries aren’t worth _________ to get a job now.
A.breaking in B.breaking into C.being broken into D.being broken in
59.—What do you think of the movie?
—I think it is worth ________.
A.seeing B.to see C.to be seen D.see
60.The cakes in the restaurant ________, so they ________well.
A.are tasted better; are sold B.are tasted well; sell
C.taste nice; are sold D.taste nice; sell
61.The new music CDs ________ well and I am sure they ________ out soon.
A.sell; will sell B.are sold; will be sold C.sell; will be sold D.are sold; will sell
62.Cotton __________ nice and soft.
A.is felt B.is feeling C.feel D.feels
63.My house requires ________, so I must have it ________.
A.painted, painting B.painting, painting
C.painting, painted D.painted, painted
64.—I think the classroom needs ________.
—Well, you are right. We’ll do what we can ________ the classroom tidy and clean.
A.clean, keep B.to clean, to keep C.cleaning, keeping D.cleaning, to keep
65.The activity is a little bit difficult. It needs ________ again.
A.discussed B.discuss C.discussing D.to discuss
66.He bought the car last year and it now requires _________ regularly.
A.to service B.servicing C.being serviced D.service
67.This pair of shoes ________ my mum and they ________ very comfortable.
A.was made with; are felt B.were made from; are felt
C.were made of; was felt D.was made by; feel
68.The teenagers think the professor’s advice is worth ________ and of some ________.
A.taking; helpful B.giving; help C.listening; use D.taking; help
69.Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs ________ so that it can be reused.
A.to destroy B.destroying C.to collect D.collecting
70.The activity is a little bit complicated (复杂的). It needs ________ again.
A.discussed B.discuss C.discussing D.to discuss
题型五:含情态动词的被动语态
71.The traffic is so busy in our city that more new roads __________.
A.should be built B.should build C.have built D.build
72.Mr. Chen has a loud voice. His voice ________ clearly even in that big classroom.
A.can hear B.can be heard
C.heard D.was heard
73.Some of the stars ________ because they are too far away.
A.can’t see B.can’t be seen C.mustn’t see D.mustn’t be seen
74.Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A.may do B.must do C.can do D.must be done
75.—A new airport will be built in Tantou, Longhui.
—Good news! But a lot of good farmland ________.
A.will waste B.may be wasted C.has wasted D./
76.Thanks to the Internet, lots of information ________ online.
A.can search B.can’t search
C.can be searched D.can’t be searched
77.I think your lost pen ________ on the sofa in your home.
A.may be left B.should not be left
C.may leave D.should not leave
78.—When should I hand in my homework?
—Your homework must ________ as soon as the bell ________.
A.hand in; rings B.hand in; will ring
C.be handed in; rings D.be handed in; will ring
79.Remember that the lights in the room ________ before you leave.
A.must turn off B.must be turned off
C.turned off D.were turned off
80.Disabled people should ________ and deserve the same respect.
A.not laugh at B.laugh at C.not be laughed at D.be laughed at
81.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ________ into the river.
A.needn’t be thrown B.mustn’t be thrown
C.can’t throw D.may not throw
82.During the Tang Dynasty, nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the street of Chang’an.
A.found B.has found C.will be found D.could be found
83.—It’s too difficult to get to the other side of the river.
—I think a bridge ________ over the river.
A.should be built B.should build C.will build D.was built
84. —Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow, I mean, today’s work ________ today.
—OK, Mr. White.
A.should do B.may do C.should be done D.may be done
85.As he had no tools, he had to put the picture ________ the wall before it could ________.
A.on; put on B.against; be put up C.up; put up D.beyond; be put on
86.—What a pity! A 4-year-old boy was hit by a truck when playing by the road.
—I agree that, to parents, children’s safety ________ be paid too much attention to.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
87.—Horse-Face Skirt lovers can ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing the kind of skirt shows their love for Chinese culture.
A.find B.found C.be found D.finding
88.Please stop ________! It should ________ in the cinema.
A.smoking; not be allowed B.smoking; allow
C.to smoke; not be allowed D.to smoke; doesn’t allow
89.More mistakes ________ and corrected if you go over the paper carefully for the second time.
A.are found B.have been found C.can be found D.will find
90.—Do you think teenagers should ________ to make their own decisions?
—No, I don’t agree with you. They’re too young to do that.
A.encourage B.be encouraging C.encouraged D.be encouraged
参考答案:
1.D
【详解】句意:难怪你的房间看起来变小了。你妹妹的床已经搬到你的房间了。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“No wonder your room looks smaller.”可知,妹妹的床已经搬进房间了,时态为现在完成时,且主语bed与move之间是被动关系,因此空处是现在完成时的被动结构have/has been done。故选D。
2.D
【详解】句意:所有的工作都完成了,他们一起回家了。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。was finished一般过去时的被动语态;was finishing过去进行时;finished一般过去时;has been finished现在完成时的被动语态。根据主语“work”可知与其谓语“finish”之间是被动关系;再结合“go back”可知,这里指工作现在已完成才回家,产生了对现在的影响,因此设空处应用现在完成时态的被动语态,即has been finished。故选D。
3.B
【详解】句意:据说连接这两个岛的工程已经完工了。
考查被动语态。主语the project和谓语动词complete是被动关系,需用被动语态,即be动词+过去分词,可排除AD选项;根据句意可知,工程已经完工,主句是一般现在时,且从句没有过去的时间作为参照,所以用现在完成时(have/has done),此处需用现在完成时的被动语态(has been done)。故选B。
4.C
【详解】句意:——有加拿大野火的最新消息吗?——据报道,自上周日以来,加拿大西部约有3万人被告知离开家园。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“since last Sunday”可知,用现在完成时,主语是动作的承受者,应用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为have/has been done。故选C。
5.D
【详解】句意:过去几年,该地区建造了越来越多的新学校。
考查时态和语态。built是一般过去时;were built是一般过去时,被动语态;have built是现在完成时;have been built是现在完成时,被动语态。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知,此处用现在完成时,结合“schools”和“build”存在被动关系,现在完成时被动语态结构为have/has been done,主语schools是复数,故选D。
6.C
【详解】句意:——据报道,国际搜救队已经赶往土耳其帮助处理大地震。——一支由82人组成的中国搜救队也已经派往那里。
考查时态与语态。sends发送,派遣,一般现在时主动语态;was sent被派遣,一般过去时被动语态;has been sent已经被派遣,现在完成时的被动语态;has sent已经派遣,现在完成时的主动语态。根据“An 82-member China Search and Rescue Team...there as well.”可知,中国搜救队也已经被派遣到土耳其的,应用现在完成时的被动语态,故选C。
7.D
【详解】句意:——近年来,在线地图、人工智能和物联网等智慧城市技术在中国的许多地方都得到了应用。——是的。我们的城市生活正变得更加智能和方便。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“In recent years,”并结合语境,该句是现在完成时,主语是“smart city technologies”,与谓语动词“use”之间存在被动关系,因此设空处填现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
8.D
【详解】句意:——这学期我们学校什么时候举行运动会?——真遗憾。根据学校的决定,由于恶劣的天气,它被取消了。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“because of the awful weather”可知,因为糟糕天气学校运动会已经被取消,时态用现在完成时,且主语与动词cancel是被动关系,此处应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
9.B
【详解】句意:到目前为止,大部分事情已经被工人做了。他们很快就要完成所有得。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“so far”可知,此句应用现在完成时,且主语“most of the things”和谓语“do”之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
10.D
【详解】句意:——这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。——没错!在过去的几年里种了很多树。
考查动词时态及语态。主语trees与动词plant构成被动关系,需用被动语态;根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知,应使用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“have/has been done”。故选D。
11.A
【详解】句意:——你为什么想成为一名医生? ——因为最近报道了很多关于他们的感人新闻。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知,句子主语“lots of touching news”与动词report之间是被动关系,所以句中应用被动语态;再根据“these days”可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构是have/has been+过去分词;主语为第三人称单数,助动词用has,report的过去分词为reported。故选A。
12.D
【详解】句意:——你知道,中国的新能源技术近年来已经迅速发展。——是的,我们可以在街上看到很多新能源汽车。
考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“these years”可知,句子时态应用现在完成时;又由于主语是“new energy technologies”,因此此处应是现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。
13.B
【详解】句意:——你在研究中有什么新发现吗?——是的,已经调查了1万名学生,其中90%的人想尝试新的学习方法。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“students”和“survey”的关系可知,此处指“学生被调查”,所以为被动语态;根据“Yes”可知,空处表达”已经被调查”,用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
14.B
【详解】句意:最近,为了改善人们的阅读环境,我所在的社区创建了不同的阅读空间。
考查时态和语态。主语Different reading spaces和谓语create之间是被动关系,根据“recently”可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态have/has done。故选B。
15.D
【详解】句意:剩下的鱼已经卖完了。
考查动词的时态及语态。根据“The rest of the fish … out.”可知,句子为现在完成时,表示剩下的鱼“已经被卖光”了,结构为主语+have/has+动词的过去分词;又根据“The rest of the fish”为复数概念,助动词应用have;此处为被动语态,指“鱼被卖光”,be sold out“被卖光”。故选D。
16.D
【详解】句意:——丽丽,这周六你会去杰妮的生日聚会吗?——我不确定。因为我到目前为止还没有被邀请。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“Because I...so far.”可知,主语I和动词invite,是被动关系,排除A选项,且时间状语为so far,应用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在产生影响,空处应用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词,主语是I,助动词用have。故选D。
17.C
【详解】句意:——我们什么时候开始工作?——直到所有的准备工作都做好了,我们才开始工作。
考查动词时态。until引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则。在未来“我们”开始工作之前,“做准备”这一动作已经完成,且preparations和make之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,强调从句动作的完成性,故选C。
18.D
【详解】句意:——自从使用机器以来,在农田上节省了大量的时间和精力。——那是肯定的。多亏了高科技。
考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“since the use of machines.”可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语“Lots of time and energy”与动词是被动关系,此处用现在完成时被动语态,故选D。
19.D
【详解】句意:用植物纤维造纸已经有很多年了。
考查被动语态和动词短语。be made into被制成;be made out of由……制成;make up of由……组成;be made from由……制成。根据“for many years”可知时态为现在完成时,主语“Paper”和动词之间构成被动关系,所以应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has be done”,Paper是不可数名词,助动词应用has,故选D。
20.A
【详解】句意:用植物纤维造纸已有多年历史。
考查主谓一致,被动语态与动词短语。根据“for many years”可知,时态是现在完成时;主语paper与谓语动词为动宾关系,应用被动语态,现在完成时被动语态构成为have/has been done,故可排除C项;且主语paper为不可数名词,谓语应用单数形式,故排除BD项。短语be made from意为“由……制成”,通常看不出原材料,符合句意。故选A。
21.B
【详解】句意:看!一幅给我们老师的漂亮的画正在被画。
考查现在进行时的被动语态。is drawing正在画,主动语态;is being drawn正在被画,现在进行时的被动语态;has been drawn现在完成时的被动语态;draws一般现在时,主动语态。picture与谓语动词draw之间是被动关系,由“Look! ”可知,句子使用现在进行时,故选B。
22.C
【详解】句意:——这个地方的空气污染特别严重。 ——是的!幸运的是,为了保护环境,人们正在采取许多行动。
考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“Luckily, to protect the environment, many actions…”可知,人们正在采取行动,本句需用现在进行时。主语“many actions”和谓语“take”是被动关系,需用被动语态。综上可知,本句的时态是现在进行时的被动语态,其谓语结构是are+being+done。故选C。
23.C
【详解】句意:你看!我们不能过桥。一些工人正在修理它。
考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“Look!”可知,本句应是在描述正在发生的事情,所以时态应用现在进行时;主语“It”指代上文的“the bridge”,而 “the bridge”和谓语动词“repair(修理)”为被动关系,所以此句应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。
24.A
【详解】句意:——你搬进新家了吗?——还没有。房间正在粉刷。
考查被动语态。paint粉刷,答话中的“not yet”,说明现在没搬入新房,因此表示房子正在被粉刷,因此用现在进行时的被动语态,故选A。
25.D
【详解】句意:这里正在建一所新学校。当地政府希望明年完成。
考查动词时态。根据“The local government hopes to finish it next year.”判断前面说的是学校正在被建,使用现在进行时的被动语态,构成be+being+动词的过去分词。故选D。
26.B
【详解】句意:那里正在建一座新图书馆。我们可以在下学期初使用它。
考查现在进行时的被动语态。根据“We can use it at the beginning of next term.”可知,现在正在建,所以要下学期初可以使用它,故选B。
27.D
【详解】句意:我必须乘出租车去上班,因为我的车在修车厂修理中。
考查被动语态。“my car”和“repair”在逻辑上是被动的关系,根据“I have to go to work by taxi”可知,我坐出租车去上班,说明我的车正在修理中,所以此句为现在进行时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词”。故选D。
28.D
【详解】句意:我们现在不能使用这座桥,因为它正在修理。
考查现在进行的被动语态。根据句意可知主语是受动者,和谓语动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据前句“We can’t use the bridge now”此句是现在进行时,此句是现在进行时的被动语态。故选项D。
29.C
【详解】句意:——彼得在上周的车祸中受了重伤。——是的,他确实是。他现在正在医院接受治疗。
考查词义辨析以及现在进行时的被动语态。get hurt“受伤”,固定搭配。根据“now”可知,第二句应用现在进行时结构,且主语he与动词take good care of之间是被动关系,故第二空用现在进行时的被动语态结构,故选C。
30.D
【详解】句意:——我认为保护环境对我们来说越来越重要。——我同意你的看法。空气和水正受到严重污染。
考查被动语态。分析句子,可知“Air and water”与动词pollute“污染”之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态(be+done);结合语境,可知空处表示“正受到严重污染”,且主语是“Air and water”,因此be动词用复数are,时态应用现在进行时。故选D。
31.B
【详解】句意:这棉花摸起来很软,看起来很白,我认为质量很好。
考查系动词的用法。feel感觉,摸起来;look看起来;smell闻起来;sound听起来。系动词没有被动语态,故排除选项A、D。根据句意可知第一个空是摸起来很软,第二个空是看起来很白,且主语是“The cotton”,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,结合选项,故选B。
32.A
【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,我们国家发生了巨大的变化。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past few years.”以及结合语境,可知该句是现在完成时,谓语动词是take place,为不及物动词,没有被动语态。故选A。
33.B
【详解】句意:——我们学校的运动会上周举行了。我们赢得了一等奖。——听起来不错。祝贺!
考查动词辨析和语态。happened(偶然地)发生;出现;took place (有计划地)发生。两者都没有被动形式。运动会应该是有计划地发生,故选B。
34.B
【详解】句意:这个问题有点复杂。需要再讨论一下。
考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的problem,与动词discuss之间是被动关系,need doing sth=need to be done,所以此空应填discussing,故选B。
35.B
【详解】句意:《长津湖》赢得了公众的高度赞誉。这部电影很值得一看。
考查非谓语动词。sth be worth doing“某事值得做”,空处用watching。故选B。
36.B
【详解】句意:我们国家有很多值得一去的名胜古迹。
考查非谓语动词。sth be worth doing“某事值得做”,空处用visiting。故选B。
37.A
【详解】句意:——这条裤子摸起来很光滑,因为是新疆棉做的。——是的,它们卖得好。
考查无被动语态的动词。feel表示“摸起来”,无被动语态;sell well“畅销”,无被动语态;排除BC选项。this pair of修饰主语,动词用三单,排除D选项,故选A。
38.D
【详解】句意:沈阳将在几年内发生巨大的变化。
考查无被动语态的情况。根据“in a few years’ time”可知句子时态用一般将来时,take place“发生”,是不及物动词短语,没有被动形式。故选D。
39.D
【详解】句意:——这老房子怎么了?——里面发生了一些奇怪的事情。
考查动词时态。take place“发生”,没有被动语态,结合“What’s wrong with this old house?”可知,应是事情已经发生了,所以才询问情况,所以时态用一般过去时,故选D。
40.B
【详解】句意:事故发生在昨晚。他的父亲因此而死。
考查被动语态和动词短语。happen发生;take place发生。两个动词都不用于被动语态,排除CD;die of多用于指疾病、衰老等内部原因导致的死亡;die from指外部原因造成的死亡。事故是外部原因,应用die from。故选B。
41.A
【详解】句意:等在北京拍的照片出来的时候我会给你看的。
考查动词非谓语形式和被动语态。根据“will show”可知,will show是谓语动词,故第一空用非谓语形式,photos与take之间是动宾关系,用过去分词taken表示被动含义,排除选项B和C。结合语境可知,they指代the photos,come out“出版、(照片)打印”,无被动语态,且“by the time they ...”是从句,用一般现在时,故第二空用come out。故选A。
42.D
【详解】句意:过去五年,我们的家乡发生了很多变化。
考查谓语动词的时态。根据“in the past five years”可知,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响应用现在完成时态,谓语动词构成为have/has done;且take place“发生”无被动语态。故选D。
43.C
【详解】句意:从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪。
考查动词短语。take place“发生”,动词短语,无被动语态;由“in the 19th century”可知,时态为一般过去时,动词应用过去式。故选C。
44.A
【详解】句意:杭州亚运会于2023年9月和10月举行。
考查动词辨析及时态。take place发生,举行,无被动,排除选项C;hold举办,主语一般是人。根据“in September and in October, 2023”可知,时态为一般过去时,排除选项B;此处主语为“Hangzhou Asian Games”,如用动词hold,则与之构成被动关系,被动语态结构为“be done”,排除选项D。故选A。
45.A
【详解】句意:本周日体育场将举行一场篮球赛。
考查语态和动词短语。happen/take place表示“发生”时无被动语态,排除CD项。happen指偶然发生的, take place指事先布置好,有计划发生的事,篮球赛是安排好的事情,应用take place。故选A。
46.A
【详解】句意:自从抖音2016年出现以来,其用户数量急剧上升。
考查时态和语态。根据“since”可知,主句时态是现在完成时,结构是has/have done,且rise无被动语态,因此第一空填has risen;根据“2016”可知,时态是一般过去时,且appear无被动语态,因此第二空填appeared。故选A。
47.A
【详解】句意:——这些天我的电脑工作起来慢多了。——也许它感染了病毒。这台电脑大约需要每月检查一次。
考查非谓语动词。require doing“需要做某事;表示某事需要被做或完成”,是固定搭配。故选A。
48.B
【详解】句意:事实证明,贾玲已经成为最成功的女性电影导演之一。
考查语态和词组辨析。turn out结果是,证明是,不用被动;carry out执行。根据情境可知,此句表示“证明……事实”,应该使用“turn out”,且用主动语态。故选B。
49.D
【详解】句意:事故发生时,街角有很多人。
考查一般过去时和动词辨析。happen发生;take place发生。两个动词都不用于被动语态,排除AC;根据“There were lots of people at the street corner”可知,句子是一般过去时,所以动词用过去式。故选D。
50.B
【详解】句意:会议将于下周一举行。
考查动词辨析和无被动语态情况。take place常指(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生;happen常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的发生。happen和take place均不可用于被动语态,可先排除A、C两项;而此会议的举行是有计划的或预料之中会发生的事情,用take place。故选B。
51.C
【详解】句意:这些电脑很畅销,很快就会售罄。
考查动词用法以及被动语态。第一空指卖得好/销路好,sell为不及物动词,应该用主动语态表被动。第二空指被卖光,sell out为及物动词短语,应该用被动,故选C。
52.C
【详解】句意:我们不得不向他们求助,因为我们的钱用完了。
考查动词短语和被动语态。use up用光;run out耗尽。根据“We had to ask them for help because our money…”可知钱被用光了,应用被动语态,run out符合语境。故选C。
53.D
【详解】句意:这种书卖的很好。
考查主谓一致和动词语态。sell出售,动词原形;is sold被出售;are sold被出售;sells出售,动词的三单形式。“分类词+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与分类词保持一致。本句的分类词为kind,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。sell适合于主动形式表被动的意义,根据“well”可知,sell well“卖得好”。故选D。
54.C
【详解】句意:无论东西,桂林山水甲天下。因此,桂林值得多次游览。
考查形容词短语。be worth doing“值得做某事”,此处doing是主动表被动。故选C。
55.C
【详解】句意:他的自行车坏了。它需要尽快修理。
考查非谓语动词。根据“His bike is broken. It needs…soon.”可知,此处指的是他的自行车坏了,它需要尽快修理;need doing sth.需要被做某事,主动表被动;need to be done sth.需要被做某事;此处应填repairing。故选C。
56.A
【详解】句意:丝绸比棉摸起来舒服。
考查感官系动词。feel为感官系动词,用主动形式表达被动含义,因此排除D项。句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,因此排除C项。主语是第三人称单数,动词用单三形式,故选A。
57.C
【详解】句意:——杜甫被称为“诗圣”,不是吗?——是的。他受到许多人的尊敬,他的作品在世界各地以不同的语言畅销。
考查被动语态和动词短语。look up查阅;look up to仰慕。根据语境可知,他被很多人仰慕,用被动语态be looked up to,排除AB;空二处表示“卖得好”,此处用主动形式表示被动,排除D。故选C。
58.B
【详解】句意:专家认为,现在不值得为了找工作而涉足夕阳行业。
考查主动表被动的用法以及动词短语。break in打断;break into开始做。be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”,排除CD;根据“sunset industries aren’t worth...to get a job now.”可知是涉足夕阳产业,break into符合语境。故选B。
59.A
【详解】句意:你认为这部电影怎么样?——我觉得它值得一看。
考查主动表被动。be worth doing“值得做某事”,主动表被动。故选A。
60.D
【详解】句意:这家餐馆的蛋糕味道不错,所以卖得很好。
考查被动语态的用法。taste是系动词,没有被动形式,后面用形容词做表语;sell well表示物体本身的质量好而畅销,用主动表被动,也不能用被动语态。故选D。
61.C
【详解】句意:这些新的音乐CD卖得很好,我相信它们很快就会卖完。
考查被动语态。第一空指CD卖得好,sell为不及物动词,应该用主动语态表被动。第二空指将来会卖完,sell out为及物动词短语,和主语之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
62.D
【详解】句意:棉花感觉起来又好又柔软。
考查主动表被动。feel可作系动词,意为“(摸起来)感觉”,后面接形容词作表语,不能用于被动语态。棉花是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选D。
63.C
【详解】句意:我的房子需要粉刷,所以我必须把它粉刷一下。
考查非谓语动词。require doing“需要被做”,此处是主动表被动;第二个句子中有谓语动词,it指代“my house”,和paint之间是被动关系,此处用过去分词作宾补。故选C。
64.D
【详解】句意:——我认为教室需要打扫。——你说得对。我们将尽我们所能保持教室整洁。
考查被动语态和非谓语动词。第一空为need doing“需要被做”,含有被动含义,相当于need to be done;第二空应用不定式作目的状语。故选D。
65.C
【详解】句意:这个活动有点复杂。这需要再讨论一次。
考查非谓语动词。“It”指代前文提到的“activity”,与动词discuss之间是被动关系,need doing sth.=need to be done“需要被做”,所以此空应填discussing,故选C。
66.B
【详解】句意:他去年买了这辆车,现在需要定期维修。
考查非谓语动词。根据“it now requires”可知,it指代the car,指物,此处是sth require doing“某物需要被做”,空处用主动形式表示被动。故选B。
67.D
【详解】句意:这双鞋是我妈妈做的,它们感觉很舒服。
考查主谓一致和动词的语态。由pair等量词构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式由量词的单复数形式决定,因为题干中的pair是单数,所以第一空中的be动词应用was,排除B、C;第二空feel是感官动词,应用主动表被动,所以排除A。故选D。
68.D
【详解】句意:青少年们认为教授的建议值得采纳,也有一定的帮助。
考查非谓语动词和名词。taking采纳;giving给予;listening倾听;helpful有帮助的;help帮助;use使用,用途。根据“the professor’s advice is worth...”可知,青少年们认为教授的建议值得被采纳,be worth doing“……值得被做”,故空一填taking;be of some help“有帮助”,故空二填名词help。故选D。
69.D
【详解】句意:不要把废纸扔掉。它需要被收集以便可以重复使用。
考查非谓语动词。destroy破坏;collect收集。need doing相当于need to be done,是主动形式表被动语态;根据“ It needs …so that it can be reused”,可知,纸被收集才能重复利用,句中“ It”指代“waste paper”,它和动词“collect”之间是被动关系,need collecting相当于need to be collected,表示“需要被收集”,故选D。
70.C
【详解】句意:这个活动有点复杂。这需要再讨论一次。
考查非谓语动词。it指代前文提到的activity,与动词discuss之间是被动关系,need doing sth=need to be done,所以此空应填discussing,故选C。
71.A
【详解】句意:我们城市的交通如此繁忙,应该修建更多的新路。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。“more new roads”是动词“build”的承受者,应用被动语态;含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be+过去分词。故选A。
72.B
【详解】句意:陈先生声音很大。即使在那间大教室里也能清楚地听到他的声音。
考查动词的时态和语态。can hear可以听到(一般现在时);can be heard可以被听到(一般现在时);heard听到(一般过去时);was heard被听到(一般过去时)。根据“Mr. Chen has a loud voice.”可知此处描述客观情况,使用一般现在时即可,句子的主语是His voice,和动词hear是动宾关系,因此需使用被动结构be done。故选B。
73.B
【详解】句意:有些星星看不见,因为它们太远了。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;分析句子结构可知,空处所在句的主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,此处应用被动语态;根据句意可知,此处指不能被看见。故选B。
74.D
【详解】句意:不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。我的意思是,今天的工作必须在今天完成。
考查被动语态。“today’s work”与动词do是被动关系,此处用被动语态;根据“Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow.”可知,今天的工作必须在今天完成,表示“必须”用must。故选D。
75.B
【详解】句意:——隆回滩头将建一座新机场。——好消息!但许多好的农田可能会被浪费。
考查被动语态。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空处所在句的主语与谓语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态。故选B。
76.C
【详解】句意:多亏了互联网,很多信息都可以在网上搜索到。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据“Thanks to the Internet”可知,互联网让很多信息可以被搜索到。主语information和谓语search之间是被动关系,故此处是含有情态动词的被动语态:can be done,search的过去分词是searched。故选C。
77.A
【详解】句意:我想你丢失的钢笔可能被留在你家的沙发上了。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。may可能;should应该。根据“I think your lost pen ... on the sofa in your home.”可知,用情态动词may表示推测,结合从句主语“your lost pen”可知,此处是指钢笔被留在沙发上了,所以用被动语态“be done”。故选A。
78.C
【详解】句意:——我应该什么时候交作业?——下课铃一响,你就必须交作业。
考查被动语态与as soon as的用法。主语homework与动词hand in之间是被动关系,结合must可知,第一空用含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be done的结构。as soon as引导时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,从句用一般现在时,故选C。
79.B
【详解】句意:记住在你离开之前一定要把房间里的灯关掉。
考查情态动词的被动语态。turn off“关掉”,动词短语;根据“灯”是“被关掉”可知,此处要用被动语态,因此排除选项A、C,根据“before you leave”可知,此处不能用一般过去时的被动语态,因此排除D,应用含情态动词的被动语态,构成为:情态动词+be+过去分词。故选B。
80.C
【详解】句意:残疾人不应该被嘲笑,应该得到同样的尊重。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。根据“Disabled people should … and deserve the same respect.”可知,此处应指残疾人不应该被嘲笑,因此应用情态动词被动语态的否定,构成为情态动词+not be done。故选C。
81.B
【详解】句意:为了使我们的城市更美丽,垃圾不能被扔进河里。
考查情态动词和被动语态。根据“To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ... into the river”可知,此处是指垃圾不能被扔进河里,mustn’t表示禁止,且应用被动语态。故选B。
82.D
【详解】句意:在唐代,几乎世界上所有的产品都可以在长安街上找到。
考查被动语态。根据主语是“everything”,与“找到”存在被动关系,需用结构be done,且事件发生在过去,动词应用过去式。故选D。
83.A
【详解】句意:——要到河的对岸太难了。——我认为应该在这条河上建一座桥。
考查被动语态。主语是“bridge”,与动词“build”之间存在被动关系,联系语境,表示应该被建立,因此运用情态动词should的被动语态,其结构为“should be done”。故选A。
84.C
【详解】句意:——不要把今天的工作拖到明天,我的意思是,今天的工作应该今天完成。——好的,怀特先生。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态和情态动词辨析。should应该;may可以。根据“Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow”可知,此处表示今天的工作应该今天完成。情态动词should意为“应该”,主语today’s work和动词do之间是被动关系,所以此处应用含有情态动词should的被动语态,结构是:should+be+动词过去分词。故选C。
85.B
【详解】句意:由于他没有工具,在把画挂起来之前他不得不把它靠在墙上。
考查介词辨析以及动词短语和被动语态。on在上面;against靠着;up在……的上端;beyond超过;put on增重;put up张贴。根据“put the picture...the wall before it could...”可知在把画挂起来之前是靠着墙放的,第一个空用against;第二个空用短语put up,和主语it之间是被动关系,故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态could be done。故选B。
86.B
【详解】句意:——真遗憾!一名4岁男孩在路边玩耍时被一辆卡车撞倒。——我同意,对父母来说,孩子的安全再怎么关注也不为过。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;needn’t不需要;shouldn’t不应该。根据“children’s safety...be paid too much attention to.”可知,此处为“can’t...too...”结构,表示“再……也不为过”。故选B。
87.C
【详解】句意:——在许多城市的大街上,都能找到爱穿马面裙的人。——嗯,穿这种裙子显示了他们对中国文化的热爱。
考查被动语态。分析题干可知,主语Horse-Face Skirt lovers和动词find“发现”之间是被动关系,应用含有情态动词can的被动语态结构,故选C。
88.A
【详解】句意:请停止吸烟!电影院内不允许吸烟。
考查非谓语动词、被动语态及否定句。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”;stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。根据“Please stop...”可知,此处指停止吸烟;分析第二空所在句的句子结构可知,主语与谓语为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态(be done),解恨前半句可知,此处表示不允许吸烟,表示否定含义,应在情态动词后加not。故选A。
89.C
【详解】句意:如果你再认真检查一遍试卷,更多的错误会被发现并得到纠正。
考查条件状语从句和含情态动词的被动语态。根据if可知,本句为条件状语从句,符合“主将从现、主情从现”原则,即主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词,从句为一般现在时。本句中mistakes和find之间存在被动关系,应用被动语态,因此主句应使用一般将来时的被动语态或含情态动词的被动语态。故选C。
90.D
【详解】句意:——你认为应该鼓励青少年自己做决定吗?——不,我不同意。他们太小了,还不能做决定。
考查情态动词的被动语态。encourage鼓励,动词原形;be encouraging错误表达;encouraged鼓励,动词encourage的过去式形式;be encouraged被鼓励。在问句中,主语是teenagers,谓语动词是encourage,两者之间构成动宾关系,所以要使用被动语态;根据句意可知此处表示“应该被鼓励”,所以用should be+过去分词。故选D。
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