18.Unit 5 Using language-上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language 外研版2019选择性必修第一册 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的定义 　　过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already, before, ever, just, never, still, yet),也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语:since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如: She lived with a family she had never met and everything was new to her. 她和之前从未遇到过的一家人生活,对她来说一切都是新的。 Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. 几周内,它全部被消化掉了,剩下的只有纯水。 二、过去完成时的结构 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。 三、过去完成时的应用 1.使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如: When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. 当我终于写完的时候,获胜的想法已经让位于写作的乐趣。 I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. 我把车停在农场外,走过一个显然已经很多年没用过的挤奶房。 2.过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。 如: It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 很高兴知道我帮助这个家庭重新团聚。 【要点提示】 　　before和after引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词先后关系明显,故before从句的主句和after从句中的过去完成时可以用一般过去时代替。 It didn’t take/hadn’t taken long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission. 没过多久,他就重新振作起来,继续他的任务。 However, after I went/had gone to high school, somehow I became distant from him. 然而,在我上了高中之后,不知怎么地,我和他变得疏远了。 3.动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如: I had expected that it would be convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition. 我本以为你会方便和我一起去参观展览。 She had thought there would be many classmates saying “Happy birthday” to her, but in fact nobody. 她原以为会有许多同学祝她生日快乐,但实际上一个人都没有。 4.在hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than...两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如: The doctor had no sooner told Rocky his mother was fine than he dashed into the room. 医生刚告诉洛基他的母亲很好,他就冲进了房间。 I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。 5.“It was the first/second...time that...这是第一/第二……次……”句型。 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 6.在if引导的虚拟条件句,as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句或wish的宾语从句中用作虚拟语气,表示对过去的虚拟。 If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t be where I am now.如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。 David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses. 大卫坚持跑,好像已经忘记了他所有的弱点。 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” 很少听到有人说,“我希望那个演讲者说的时间更长一些。” 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江1月高考)With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she ___________(get)in.   ②The actual cost was much higher than we _____________(expect).  ③ (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Road accidents, which ___________(fall) for years, are now rising sharply.  ④(2023·全国乙卷)However, instead of the brownish red hair she ___________ (hope)for, she finally got purple hair.   ⑤My grandfather was afraid of leaving ___________________________(他熟悉 的唯一的家) for the past 60 years.  ⑥A few weeks ago I ________________________________(已经开始写学期论文).  had gotten had expected had fallen had hoped the only home he had known had started writing my term paper Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.environment-friendly products　环保产品 2.take effective measures to protect rare animals 采取有效措施保护珍稀动物 3.go against the law of nature 违背自然规律 4.protect the endangered animals from being killed 保护濒临灭绝的动物不被杀害 5.(be) in danger of extinction/becoming extinct/dying out 处于濒临灭绝的危险之中 附： 6.keep/damage the balance of nature 保持/破坏自然平衡 7.take immediate action to better the environment 立即采取行动来改善环境 8.live in harmony with animals 和动物和谐相处 9.devote to protecting wildlife 致力于保护野生动植物 10.arouse people’s awareness of wildlife protection 唤醒人们保护野生动植物的意识 Ⅱ.情境句式 1.Immediate action should be taken to... 应该立即采取行动…… 2.The government calls on/appeals to the whole nation to... 政府呼吁全国…… 3.As far as I’m concerned, ... is a good solution to ... 就我个人而言,……是解决……的好办法。 4.The aim is to arouse public awareness of... 目的是唤起公众的……意识。 5.In this activity, students have raised their awareness of... 在这次活动中,学生们已经提高了他们的……意识。 $$ Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language 一、单词拼写 1．I was to b for failing to live up to the expectations of my fellows. 2．Susan had q her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in a charity. 3．Officials believe that more than one person may be to b for the fire resulting from carelessness. 4．My life is ruined and I suppose I only have myself to b . I can’t owe my failure to anyone else. 5．Sales of whole milk d by 4 per cent due to the mad cow disease. 6．It’s not a good habit to b your failure on others. 7．I believe that if I had c him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. 8．Nearly seventeen centuries had r away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. 9．You can hardly b him for not waiting. You were late for an hour. 10．I offered to give them a lift but they d . 11．You should not b others for what is your own fault. 12．The task was completed later than the boss had i . 13．It had never o to him that he might be falling in love with the library. 14．He had often dreamed of retiring in Guangzhou and s down in the countryside. 15．Since I had s in teaching Doodle to walk, I began to believe in my own infallibility. 16．I offered to give them a lift but they d with thanks. 17．It was Emma who was to b for the accident. 18．By this time, the fire had e from the first floor to the 15t h floor. 19．There is no doubt that Germany and Japan were to b for WWII as they invaded other countries and cruelly killed a lot of innocent people. 20．More and more plastic bags are used in everyday life, which is very h to the environment. 21．It was clear that the driver who ran the red light in the accident was to b . 22．Xiaoming has just g__________ from his university, and he is planning for a long trip. 23．The student was so fond of Li Bai that he had r all his poems. 24．The snow had m , but the lake was still frozen solid. 25．Molly had fought and o her fear of flying. 26．In the Xia Dynasty, China had gradually entered the slave society from the p society. 27．Why do I always get the b for everything that goes wrong? 28．The facilities on the campsite were very p . 29．I had already r the best hotel to him before he visited our city. 30．Our products are now traded not just in China, but w . 31．He had not f this, so he made further investigations. 32．It is Jack, rather than I, that is to b for the accident. 33．Duffy’s p guitar playing is well below par. 34．Cathy had q her job when her son was born so that she could stay home and raise her family. 35．They can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like p birds. 36．It didn’t take long for p human beings to discover that lightening, thunder and rain are just natural phenomena instead of the supernatural power of gods. 37．He had a so much that I scarcely recognized him. 38．Instead of b the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go. 39．It seemed as if the police had t in the towel. 40．Jack d leaving for America because he had to take care of his grandma. 二、完成句子 41． (值得注意的是) every subject matter was the main focus of the Impressionists’ works, (与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材画作大相径庭). 42．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film? —No, I   (读过这本书), so I already knew the story. 43．Mr. Green told me he had (申请) a new job. 44．He said his car had (被困在) the snow. 45．I (刚做完试卷) when the bell rang. 46．I (原打算) to consult my advisor, but he was on business then. 47．Hardly (我们出发)when it began to rain. 48．By the time I left the middle school, my English teacher (教这个班​) for 3 years. 49．I didn’t know anything about your work, for I (从没听说) about it at all. 50．He really had (产生影响) for these children. 51．Not only (那些国家找到了) a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 52．Japan had (密谋) to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. 53．My car stopped on the way to the beach because it had (耗尽) petrol. 54．As far as we know, the port （开始衰落）in the1990s. 55．No sooner (他一开始) to talk than I knew that’s something must have happened. 56．I (本以为) I could pass the final examination but I failed. 57．The scientists had (试验) thousands of chemicals before they found the right one. 58．Jim (为……做好准备) his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it at the first attempt. 59．I accept my (部分责任). 60． (我认为不应该责怪他). After all, he didn’t do it on purpose. 三、阅读理解 1 Genetic researchers in Spain’s wine country believe grapevines (葡萄藤) that have lived for more than 35 years are better able to deal with high temperatures brought by climate change. Winemakers in the Rioja area in northern Spain make some of the best wine for hundreds of years. But in recent years, winemakers there have been having trouble producing good wine. They say the wine tasted better in the past, when temperatures were usually cooler. Researchers like Pablo Carbonell think older grapevines may be able to grow better in higher temperatures. Carbonell looks at rows of gray shapes on his computer screen. Among them was a green rectangle (矩形). This, he said, represents a kind of grapevine that produces grapes that take longer to ripen (成熟), even in warmer conditions. A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want. The current vines produce grapes that are ready to pick too early. Such grapes do not make wine that has the right colour and smell. The wine also has too much alcohol (酒精). People who work in the vineyards have long crossed old vines with new ones. Now they are working with special laboratories — like the one where Carbonell works — to find a climate- resistant (耐气候的) vine. The scientists there are studying the genomes (基因组) of commonly used grapes in Spanish wine. The lab is working to keep the Spanish winemaking industry alive as temperatures rise. The scientists say the older grapevines have a more diverse genetic makeup. Spain is the third-largest winemaking country in the world behind France and Italy. Spanish wine production is worth close to $5 billion in the country’s economy each year. In addition to the genetic research, scientists are also working on different planting methods. A winery called RODA is planting vines in a curve (曲线) instead of a straight line. The hope is that plants will take in more water this way. The new vineyard is made up of vines that were over 100 years old and moved from another place. 61．What causes the difficulty in wine making in Rioja? A．The low temperature. B．The age of grapevines. C．The global warming. D．The traditional production process. 62．What does the underlined “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The computer screen. B．All kinds of grapevines. C．Rows of gray shapes. D．A green rectangle. 63．What can we learn from the text? A．Italy is currently the largest wine producer. B．High quality wine needs grapes with short growth period. C．The current goal of the laboratory is to renew the older grapevines. D．Early grape picking would make the wine fail to meet the due standards. 64．Why do scientist plant the vines in a curve? A．To get more water. B．To enlarge planting area. C．To reduce experiment cost. D．To change the gene structure of grape. 2 To reduce the carbon emissions from passenger jets and long-haul trucks, a vast volume of soy-based renewable fuel will be needed. To produce it, American farmers could ruin existing cornfields to clear space, plant millions of additional acres of soybeans and shut down all soybean exports. Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil. One of the startups, ZeaKal Inc., funded in part by seed giant Corteva Inc., plans to introduce its first batch of high-oil seeds for commercial planting in 2024. Scientists have tricked the plant into sustaining photosynthesis for longer with genetic recombination, ultimately producing more oil as well as more protein. Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy, a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies. Tax credits make companies in the transportation industry switch to fuel with lower carbon emission. S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030, up from around 2.7 billion this year. It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade, compared with just 182 million gallons a year now. Despite the bullish predictions, the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry. And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off, widespread adoption will take time. Farmers may be reluctant to become early adopters of a technology that hasn’t yet proven its benefits, especially if the oil content comes at the expense of existing genetic recombinations that improve disease or pest resistance. Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc. has signed a deal with Zeakal, agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety, which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels. If large oil companies follow suit, the soybean market might never look the same. “We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect,” says Mike Dillon, vice president of ZeaKal, “That’s a very dramatic shift.” 65．How did researchers plan to produce more oil? A．By planting more soybeans. B．By banning soybean exports. C．By fertilizing soybean fields. D．By engineering soybean genes. 66．What does the author want to show by mentioning the figure in paragraph 3? A．The continuous use of the fuel. B．The growing demand for biofuel. C．The serious lack of green fuel supplies. D．The fierce competition between companies. 67．Who can change the current biofuel market according to the last paragraph? A．Companies. B．Farmers. C．Scientists. D．Governments 68．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Biofuel: A New Way to Cut Down Carbon Emissions B．Oilier Soybeans: Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel C．A Big Shift: From Conventional Soybeans to Altered Ones D．Genetic Modification: A Technology to Breed New Soybeans 四、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists in Florida have 69 (successful) grown plants in moon soil collected during NASA’s Apollo missions (任务) in the 1960s and 1970s. 70 NASA-supported study at the University of Florida used soil collected by astronauts 71 (grow) Thale Cress 2 (拟南芥). To compare results, plants were also grown in Earth soil 72 was made to be similar to moon soil. The researchers 73 (add) water and then seeds to the soil, as well as daily nutrients (营养物). After just two days, their growth started. According to Professor Anna-Lisa Paul, all the plants looked the same 74 the sixth day. After the sixth day, 75 , it was clear that the plants growing in moon soil were not as healthy as those growing in Earth soil. DNA testing showed that those Thale Cress 2 76 (plant) in the moon soil were under stress. It was also found that the plants grew in different ways in soil from different parts of the moon. The soil collected during the Apollo 11 mission had been on the moon’s surface several billion years 77 (long) than the other soil, and the plants grown in it were the weakest. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson believes this research will help future space missions and that resources on the moon and Mars 78 (need) to develop food for astronauts living and working in space. 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Camellias (山茶花) are available in a great range 79 colors — red, pink, white and mixed colors. For the longest time, the golden camellias lived in a valley 80 was unknown to the outside world. In the 1960s, Chinese scientists announced their discovery of the golden camellias. It was an 81 (amaze) announcement for the international gardening community. Also, the discovery made 82 achievable to create yellow camellias, though creating a new kind of golden camellia was not very easy. Unfortunately, in the past, golden camellias were cut down in large numbers because 83 (local) needed the limited land space for farming. In 1986, a nature reserve (自然保护区) 84 (build) in a mountain valley from 200 to 500 meters above sea level, so the camellias could be well protected. Years ago, Huang Zainian and his brothers took up the work. In the past 10 years, the Huang brothers have made a great 85 (contribute) in protecting the camellias. Even in hard times they didn’t cut down any golden camellias. Year after year, the Huang brothers spent much time working 86 eventually made their hard work pay off. Now the golden camellia is 87 city flower of Fangchenggang. And life for the Huang brothers is greatly improved by 88 (plant) golden camellias. 参考答案 一、 1．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：对于没有达到同伴们的期望我有责任。固定短语be to blame for (doing) sth“对……负有责任”符合句意，设空处填动词blame。故填blame。 2．quit/uit/quitted/uitted 【解析】考查动词。句意：苏珊辞掉了高薪的工作，在一家慈善机构做志愿者。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词quit“放弃”，由空前had可知，应用过去分词quit或quitted，构成过去完成时。故填quit或quitted。 3．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：官员们认为，这次因粗心大意引起的火灾可能不止一人要负责。根据单词首字母以及句意“负责”，可知应填动词blame，此处为短语be to blame。故填blame。 4．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：我的生活毁了，我想我只能怪我自己，我不能把我的失败归咎于任何人。根据“I can’t owe my failure to anyone else.”和首字母b可知，此处是指只能怪自己，所以应用动词blame表示“责怪”。have...to do意为“有……要……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式。故填blame。 5．declined/eclined 【解析】考查动词。句意：由于疯牛病，全脂牛奶的销量下降了4%。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用动词decline，意为“下降，衰退”，陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时，设空处为谓语动词，用动词过去式。故填declined。 6．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：把你的失败归咎于别人不是一个好习惯。根据空后的your failure on others并结合首字母提示，这里表示把你的失败归咎于别人，应用及物动词blame，意为“责怪，把……归咎于”。blame sth. on sb.意为“把某事归咎于某人”。空前有不定式符号to，所以这里应用动词原形。故填blame。 7．criticised/riticised 【解析】考查动词。句意：我相信，如果我批评了他，那慢慢打开的门一定会紧紧地关上。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词criticise；根据had可知，此处是表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。故填criticised。 8．rolled/olled 【解析】考查动词。句意：将近17个世纪过去了，庞贝城才从寂静的安息之地被挖掘出来。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处意为“(时间)过去，流逝”，表达为roll away，且空前为had，此处为过去完成时had done。故填rolled。 9．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：你不能怪他不等你。你迟到了一个小时。根据空格前情态动词can，可知此处要填动词原形；根据句意，可知此处要填“责怪”；根据首字母提示，可知填动词blame。故填blame。 10．declined/eclined 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我提出送他们一程，但他们拒绝了。根据单词首字母及句意“拒绝”及空前的they,可知应填动词形式，作谓语，依据offered可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填declined 。 11．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词和情态动词。句意：你不应该因为自己的过错而责备他人。根据单词首字母及句意“责备”及空前的情态动词should可知应填动词blame。故填blame。 12．insisted/nsisted 【解析】考查动词。句意：任务完成的时间比老板要求的要晚。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前had构成过去完成时。根据汉语意思，此处表示“强烈要求”用insist。故填insisted。 13．occurred/ccurred 【解析】考查动词。句意：他从来没有想到他可能爱上图书馆。根据首字母提示及句意可知，应用动词occur。根据句中的had可知，用动词过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。故填occurred。 14．settled/ettled 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他常常梦想退休后到广州定居下来。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用动词，此处考查动词短语settle down，意为“定居；安定下来”，设空处为谓语动词，与dreamed并列，句子为过去完成时态，设空处用过去分词。故填settled。 15．succeeded/ucceeded 【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：自从我成功地教了Doodle走路，我开始相信自己是不会犯错的。根据句意及单词首字母提示可知，此处使用动词succeed，由空前had可知，句子使用过去完成时，空格处应用过去分词。故填succeeded。 16．declined/eclined 【解析】考查动词。句意：我提出让他们搭车，但他们表示感谢，婉言谢绝了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词decline“婉言拒绝”，结合空前的offered可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式declined。故填declined。 17．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：事故的责任是Emma。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词blame，固定句型sb. be to blame for sth(某人对某事负有责任)。故填blame。 18．extended/xtended 【解析】考查动词。句意：到此时，大火已经从一楼蔓延到15楼。根据首字母提示及句意，用动词extend，表示“延伸”之意。had后接动词的过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。故填extended。 19．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：毫无疑问，德国和日本应该为二战负责，因为他们入侵了其他国家，残忍地杀害了许多无辜的人。根据“they invaded other countries and cruelly killed a lot of innocent people”和首字母提示可知，空处应用动词blame，意为“责怪，指责”，构成固定短语be to blame for，意为“对……负有责任”，表示应该为二战负责。故填blame。 20．harmful/armful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：越来越多的塑料袋被用于日常生活中，这对环境是非常有害的。分析句子可知，空前系动词is，所以空处应填形容词，根据前文“More and more plastic bags are used in everyday life”可知越来越多的塑料袋被用于日常生活中，可知对环境是有害的，再结合所给首字母，应填harmful。故填harmful。 21．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：很明显，在事故中闯红灯的司机应该受到责备。根据首字母和句意可知，空处为blame，be to blame“应该受到责备”为固定短语。故填blame。 22．graduated/raduated 【解析】考查时态。句意：小明刚从大学毕业，他正在计划一次长途旅行。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用动词graduate，表示“毕业”，动词使用过去分词形式，与had构成过去完成时。故填graduated。 23．recited/ecited 【解析】考查动词。句意：这个学生非常喜欢李白，他把李白的诗都能背诵出来。根据单词首字母和句意“背诵”及前文had可知，此处应用动词recite的过去分词构成过去完成时。故填recited。 24．melted/elted 【解析】考查。句意：雪已经融化了，但湖水仍然冻得很硬。分析句子，设空处应该填写过去分词与前文构成过去完成时。根据句意melt为动词，意为“融化”。故填melted。 25．overcome/vercome 【解析】考查动词。句意：莫利努力克服了她对飞行的恐惧。根据连词and前had fought 可知，用动词的过去分词形式构成过去完成时。根据首字母提示及句意，故填overcome。 26．primitive/rimitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在夏朝，中国从原始社会逐渐进入奴隶社会。根据常识可知，在夏朝，中国从原始社会逐渐进入奴隶社会，空格处意为“原始的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词society，由首字母提示p可知，是primitive。故填primitive。 27．blame/lame 【解析】考查名词。句意：为什么出了问题总是怪我？根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为不可数名词blame“责备，过错”作宾语，满足句意要求。故填blame。 28．primitive/rimitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：营地的设施非常简陋。根据单词首字母以及句意“简陋”可知应填形容词primitive，作表语。故填primitive。 29．recommended/ecommended 【解析】考查时态。句意：在他来我们城市之前，我已经向他推荐了最好的酒店。由“the best hotel to him before he visited our city”可知，句子表示“在他来我们城市之前，我已经向他推荐了最好的酒店”，空格处意为“推荐”，由首字母提示r可知，是recommend，由had already可知，句子时态是过去完成时，因此空格处是过去分词，故填recommended。 30．worldwide/orldwide 【解析】考查副词。句意：我们的产品现在不仅在中国销售，而且在世界范围内销售。根据句意和首字母提示应填worldwide“在全世界；在世界各地”，作状语，故填worldwide。 31．foreseen/oreseen 【解析】考查动词。句意：他没有预见到这一点，所以他做了进一步的调查。由“so he made further investigations”可知，句子表示“他没有预见到这一点，所以他做了进一步的调查”，空格处意为“预见”，由首字母提示f可知，是foresee，由had not可知，句子时态是过去完成时，空格处用过去分词。故填foreseen。 32．blame/lame 【解析】考查动词。句意：是杰克不是我应该因为这次意外被责备。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查字母“b”开头表示“责备”的意思的动词blame，be to blame是固定表达，意为“应该被责备”。故填blame。 33．primitive/rimitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：达菲简单的吉他演奏远远低于预期的标准。根据首字母提示及句意可知，此处使用形容词primitive，修饰名词guitar playing，作定语。故填primitive。 34．quit/uit/quitted/uitted 【解析】考查动词。句意：凯西在儿子出生时就辞职了，这样她就可以呆在家里照顾家人。quit one’s job离职。had后接动词的过去分词形式，构成过去完成时。根据首字母提示及句意，故填quit/quitted。 35．primitive/rimitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意:它们能在灌木丛中爬来爬去，看起来很像原始鸟类。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语修饰名词bird，primitive adj.“原始的”符合题意，故填primitive。 36．primitive/rimitive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：没过多久，原始人就发现了闪电、雷声和雨水只是自然现象，而不是神的超自然力量。根据句意和首字母可知，空填形容词primitive“原始的”作定语。故填primitive。 37．altered/ltered 【解析】考查动词。句意：他变了好多，我几乎认不出他来了。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词alter，结合had可知为过去完成时。故填altered。 38．blaming/laming 【解析】考查动词。句意：她给了他一个包容的笑容，放他走了，而不是责备打碎花瓶的孩子。根据单词首字母和句意，可知她没有责备孩子，而是包容了这一行为，所以blame符合句意。而且of是介词，放在介词后动词要变成动名词ing形式。故填blaming。 39．thrown/hrown 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察似乎认输了。根据空格前的seemed可知， as if 引导的表语从句是对过去情况的虚拟，应用过去完成时，空格处应填过去分词和前面的had构成过去完成时，结合句意“认输”为固定搭配throw in the towel。故填thrown。 40．denied/enied 【解析】考查动词。句意：杰克拒绝去美国是因为他要照顾他的奶奶。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词deny，作谓语，后跟动名词作宾语，结合后文he had to可知为一般过去时。故填denied。 二、 41． It’s worthy of note that as is opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art 【解析】考查时态，主语从句和定语从句。句意：值得注意的是，每一个主题都是印象派作品的主要焦点，与传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材画作大相径庭。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“值得注意的是”是It’s worthy of note that...，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句；“大相径庭”是be opposed to，“传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的历史题材画作”用定语从句来表示，先行词是the history paintings，关系代词用that，在从句中作主语，用过去完成时，“传统上欧洲艺术界占主流的”是had traditionally dominated European art，第二空处用as引导非限制性定语从句，即“as is opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art”。故填①It’s worthy of note that ②as is opposed to the history paintings that had traditionally dominated European art 42． had read the book 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：——你对电影的结局感到惊讶吗？——不，我读过这本书，所以我已经知道这个故事了。根据空后的knew以及句意可知，空处谓语动词表达的是“过去的过去”，即过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，所以应用过去完成时had read the book。故填①had②read③the④book。 43． applied for 【解析】考查短语和时态。句意：格林先生告诉我他已经申请了一份新工作。根据汉语提示，空处涉及固定短语apply for“申请”，作从句谓语动词，结合语境和助动词had可知此处为过去完成时，apply用过去分词形式。故填applied；for。 44． got stuck in 【解析】考查短语。句意：他说他的车被困在雪里了。get stuck in被困在。根据句意，从句用过去完成时，所以had后接过去分词形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填got stuck in。 45．had just finished my paper 【解析】考查固定句型，时态和短语。句意：我刚写完论文，铃声就响了。“做完试卷”是finish my paper，由“when the bell rang”和句意可知，句子用固定句型had just done...when...，因此空格处是had just finished my paper，用过去完成时，先于过去的动作rang。故填had just finished my paper。 46． had meant 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本打算咨询我的顾问，但他当时在出差。表示“打算”用动词mean，空处在句中为谓语，表示“本打算”用had meant，表示与过去相反的事实。故填①had；②meant。 47．had we started 【解析】考查时态和倒装句。句意：我们刚出发就开始下雨了。hardly...when“一……就……”，为固定句型，主句为过去完成时，从句为一般过去时；hardly置于句首，主句部分倒装，将助动词had提到主语之前。故填had we started。 48． had taught the class 【解析】考查动词。句意：到我中学毕业的时候，我的英语老师已经教这个班3年了。表示“教这个班”用teach the class。根据By the time I left the middle school可知，句子表述动作发生在过去之前，应用过去完成时。故填①had；②taught；③the；④class。 49．had never heard 【解析】考查时态。句意：我根本不了解你的工作，因为我从没听说过。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处表达为“never hear”，且根据前文的didn’t know可知，此处发生在didn’t know 之前，故应用过去完成时，故填had never heard。 50．made a difference 【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意：他真的对这些孩子产生了影响。根据汉语提示“产生影响”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“make a difference”，意为“产生影响”，根据句意和句中“had”可知，句中表示在过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，为过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，“make”的过去分词为“made”，故空格处应填“made a difference”。故填made a difference。 51． had the/those countries found 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：那些国家不仅找到了一条通向未来的道路，而且他们还认识到，通过共同努力建设一个更美好的明天是可能的。根据汉语提示及but后面的句子使用了过去完成时，所以not only引导的句子也得使用过去完成时。表示“那些国家找到了”用“the /those countries had found”；分析可知，not only置于句首，所以其后的内容要用部分倒装。故填①had；②the /those；③countries；④found。 52．hatched a plot 【解析】考查固定短语和时态。句意：日本策划对珍珠港发动突然袭击。根据汉语提示“密谋”可知短语为hatch a plot，结合上文had可知为过去完成时。故填hatched a plot。 53．run out of 【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我的车在去海滩的路上抛锚了，因为汽油用光了。原因状语从句用的是过去完成时，设空处所填的应是过去分词，与had一起构成从句的谓语。根据汉语提示，是动词短语run out of，run的过去分词是原形，故填run out of。 54．fell into decline/went into decline 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：据我们所知，这个港口在20世纪90年代开始衰落。根据句意及汉语提示可知，表示“开始衰弱”用fall / go into decline。结合时间状语in 1990s可知，此处表示过去，用一般过去时。故填fell / went into decline。 55．had he begun 【解析】考查过去完成时和部分倒装。句意：他刚开始说话，我就知道一定发生了什么事。分析可知，本句使用了固定句式：no sooner...than...，意为“一……就……”，no sooner后的句子用部分倒装，时态用过去完成时，than后的句子用一般过去时。结合汉语提示，所以空处填had he begun，故填had he begun。 56．had thought 【解析】考查时态。句意：我本以为我能通过期末考试，但我还是失败了。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词“think”，且根据后文的but I failed可知，此处发生在failed之前，故应用过去完成时，故填had thought。 57．tried out 【解析】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：在找到合适的化学物质之前，科学家们已经试验了数千种化学物质。“试验”应用固定搭配try out，由前面的had，从句的found和句意可知，试验这一动作发生在过去，且发生在found(发现)之前，应用过去完成时，所以try应用过去分词形式tried，和had构成过去完成时，故填tried out。 58． had prepared for 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：吉姆为驾驶考试做了准备，以便有把握第一次考试就能通过。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据提示的汉语，表示“为……做好准备”应为prepare for sth，根据could be可知，该句是描述过去的事情，结合句意，prepare for发生在could be sure of passing it之前，所以使用过去完成时态，且与句子主语Jim之间为主动关系。故填had prepared for。 59．portion of the blame 【解析】考查介词短语及名词。句意：我接受我的部分责任。根据句意及汉语提示可知，“部分”英文为portion of ，“责任”英文为blame，作介词宾语。故填portion of the blame。 60．I don’t think that he is to blame 【解析】考查宾语从句和时态。分析句子，设空处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。（在从句中不做成分、无意义的）that引导宾语从句“不应该责怪他”，把宾语从句的否定转移到主句中；表示“责备”用be to blame，表示“我认为不应该责怪他”用I don’t think that he is to blame。故填I don’t think that he is to blame。 三、 1 61．C 62．D 63．D 64．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西班牙葡萄酒基因研究人员认为，寿命超过35年的葡萄藤能够更好地应对气候变化带来的高温。 61．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Winemakers in the Rioja area in northern Spain make some of the best wine for hundreds of years. But in recent years, winemakers there have been having trouble producing good wine. They say the wine tasted better in the past, when temperatures were usually cooler.(西班牙北部里奥哈地区的酿酒师酿造了数百年来最好的葡萄酒。但近年来，那里的酿酒师在酿造好酒方面遇到了麻烦。他们说，过去温度通常较低的时候，这种酒味道更好。)”可知，过去温度通常较低，酿造的葡萄酒味道更好，由此推知，由于现在全球气候变暖，温度升高，所以酿酒遇到了麻烦。故选C项。 62．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Carbonell looks at rows of gray shapes on his computer screen. Among them was a green rectangle (矩形). This, he said, represents a kind of grapevine that produces grapes that take longer to ripen  (卡博内尔看着电脑屏幕上一排排灰色的图形。其中有一个绿色的矩形。他说，这代表了一种葡萄藤，它生产的葡萄需要更长的时间才能成熟)”和指代关系可推知，指示代词This指代的是上文中“a green rectangle”。故选D项。 63．细节理解题。根据第四段“A longer ripeness period is what winemakers want. The current vines produce grapes that are ready to pick too early. Such grapes do not make wine that has the right colour and smell. The wine also has too much alcohol (酒精). (酿酒师想要的是更长的成熟期。目前的葡萄藤生产的葡萄太早就可以采摘了。这样的葡萄酿出来的酒颜色和气味都不合适。这种酒的酒精含量也太高了。)”可知，过早采摘葡萄会使葡萄酒达不到应有的标准。故选D项。 64．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A winery called RODA is planting vines in a curve (曲线) instead of a straight line. The hope is that plants will take in more water this way.(一家名为RODA的酿酒厂正在以曲线而不是直线的方式种植葡萄。人们希望植物可以通过这种方式吸收更多的水分)”可知，科学家把藤蔓种成一条曲线是希望通过这种方式吸收更多的水分。故选A项。 2 65．D 66．B 67．A 68．B 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量及其前景预测。 65．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”可知，研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量。故选D项。 66．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030, up from around 2.7 billion this year. It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade, compared with just 182 million gallons a year now.(标普全球预计，到2030年，国内对可再生生物燃料的需求将达到40亿加仑，高于今年的27亿加仑左右。该公司预计，到本十年末，可持续航空燃料的使用总量将达到每年17亿加仑，而目前每年仅为1.82亿加仑)”可推知，作者列举这些数据是为了说明对可再生生物燃料的需求会越来越大。故选B项。 67．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc. has signed a deal with Zeakal, agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety, which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels. If large oil companies follow suit, the soybean market might never look the same. “We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect,” says Mike Dillon, vice president of ZeaKal, “That’s a very dramatic shift.”(鸡肉生产商珀杜农场公司已与Zeakal签署了一项协议，同意向农民支付更高的价格，购买这种新品种的大豆。这种新品种蛋白质含量较高，对鸡饲料有好处。如果大型石油公司也这样做，大豆市场可能会变得截然不同。ZeaKal副总裁迈克•狄龙表示：“在某些市场上，大豆的油成分可能会比蛋白质成分更重要。这是一个非常戏剧性的转变。”)”可知，如果大型石油公司也像珀杜农场公司一样，向农民大量购买这种新型大豆，会引起大豆市场的变化，而这种大豆可用作新型燃料，故而会引起当前的生物燃料市场的变革。故选A项。 68．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers at startups and biotech giants alike have found ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil.(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”及第三句第一句“Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy, a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies.(企业正在竞相建设更多的大豆加工能力，这是扩大绿色燃料供应的关键组成部分)”及第四段前两句“Despite the bullish predictions, the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry. And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off, widespread adoption will take time.(尽管有乐观的预测，大豆为基础的运输燃料市场仍然是燃料行业的沧海一粟。而且，即使新品种的高油分种子能够开花结果，广泛采用也需要时间)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过改造大豆基因创造了一种新型大豆，该大豆含油量较高，可能能够成为未来可再生生物燃料的来源。由此可知，Oilier Soybeans: Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel(高油大豆：未来燃料的可能来源)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 四、 1 69．successfully 70．A 71．to grow 72．that/which 73．added 74．until 75．however 76．planted 77．longer 78．will be needed 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家用来自月球的土壤种植植物的相关情况。 69．考查副词。句意：佛罗里达州的科学家们已经成功地在美国宇航局20世纪60年代和70年代阿波罗任务期间收集的月球土壤中种植了植物。修饰动词have grown需用副词successfully，作状语。故填successfully。 70．考查冠词。句意：美国宇航局支持的佛罗里达大学的一项研究使用宇航员收集的土壤来种植拟南芥2号。study意为“研究”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且NASA-supported发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填A。 71．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to grow。 72．考查定语从句。句意：为了比较结果，植物也生长在与月球土壤相似的地球土壤中。空处引导定语从句，先行词是soil，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 73．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员向土壤中加入水和种子，以及日常营养物。空处在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填added。 74．考查介词。句意：根据Anna-Lisa Paul教授的说法，所有的植物在第六天之前看起来都是一样的。此处表示直到第六天，所有的植物看起来都一样。此处应用until表示“直到……为止”。故填until。 75．考查副词。句意：然而，第六天之后，很明显，在月球土壤中生长的植物不如在地球土壤中生长的植物健康。上文提到“所有的植物在第六天之前看起来都是一样的”，下文提到“第六天之后，很明显，在月球土壤中生长的植物不如在地球土壤中生长的植物健康”，上下文之间为转折关系，需用副词however。故填however。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：DNA测试表明，种植在月球土壤中的拟南芥2号受到了压力。空处在句中作后置定语修饰Thale Cress 2，plant和Thale Cress 2为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填planted。 77．考查形容词比较级。句意：阿波罗11号任务期间收集的土壤在月球表面的时间比其他土壤长几十亿年，其中生长的植物是最脆弱的。根据than可知，此处需用形容词比较级。故填longer。 78．考查动词时态语态。句意：美国宇航局局长比尔·纳尔逊认为，这项研究将有助于未来的太空任务，月球和火星上的资源将为在太空生活和工作的宇航员开发食物。分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词，根据上文中的“will help”和“and”可知，此处应用一般将来时，且宾语从句的主语“resources on the moon and Mars”与动词need之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be needed。 2 79．of 80．which/that 81．amazing 82．it 83．locals 84．was built 85．contribution 86．and 87．the 88．planting 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了金茶花的发现、保护和黄氏兄弟的贡献。 79．考查介词。句意：山茶花有很多种颜色可供选择——红色、粉红色、白色和混合色。固定短语：a great range of，意为“大范围的”，符合句意。故填of。 80．考查定语从句。句意：很长一段时间，金色的山茶花生活在一个不为外界所知的山谷里。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为“valley”，指物，关系词在定语从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 81．考查形容词。句意：这对国际园艺界来说是一个惊人的消息。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的“announcement”。动词amaze的形容词有两种形式：amazing“惊人的”，常修饰物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，常修饰人的感情。故填amazing。 82．考查it作形式宾语。句意：此外，这一发现使得培育出黄色山茶花成为可能，尽管培育出一种新的金色山茶花并不容易。此处作形式宾语，代指真正的宾语“to create yellow camellias”，应用代词it。故填it。 83．考查名词复数。句意：不幸的是，在过去，由于当地人需要有限的土地空间来耕种，金茶花被大量砍伐。local“当地人”，可数名词，数量大于一，应用名词复数形式。故填locals。 84．考查动词语态。句意：1986年，在海拔200至500米的山谷中建立了一个自然保护区，因此山茶花可以得到很好的保护。根据时间状语“In 1986”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为“a nature reserve”，单数，和动词“build”之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 85．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，黄氏兄弟为保护山茶花做出了巨大的贡献。固定短语：make a great contribution to，意为“对……做出巨大贡献”，符合句意。故填contribution。 86．考查连词。句意：年复一年，黄氏兄弟花了很多时间工作，最终他们的辛勤劳动得到了回报。空前“the Huang brothers spent much time working”和空后“eventually made their hard work pay off”之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 87．考查冠词。句意：现在，金山茶是防城港的市花。此处修饰名词，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 88．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄氏兄弟的生活因种植金茶花而大大改善。此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填planting。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$