选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（北师大版2019）

选|择|性|必|修|第一册 UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS 主题语境 人际关系 提分背案1　单元主题 导图串记 ( 主题大观念 | 人与人之间存在着千丝万缕的联系 , 人们要和谐相处。 语言大观念 | 运用所学词汇和表达进行相关话题的描述。 ) 提分背案2　单元重点 语境背记 1.lack n. 缺乏;短缺　vt. (lacked, lacked, lacking) 没有;缺乏 背重点 背写作佳句 1)lack sth缺少某物(不用于被动语态) lack for nothing一无所缺;应有尽有 2)for lack of ...因缺乏…… a lack of sth缺乏某物 3)lacking adj.短缺的;缺乏的 be lacking in ...缺少…… ①The lack ____________ enough practice may lead to your failure in the exam.缺乏足够的练习可能会导致你考试不及格。(建议信) ②Lacking/For lack of/Lacking in confidence and experience, Jane was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.由于缺乏自信和经验,简完全不知道该如何应付这个可怕的情况。(情感描写) ③Realizing her lack of practice, Gemma felt a sudden sense of relief.意识到自己缺乏练习,吉玛突然感到如释重负。(心理描写) 答:①of 2.access n. 进入;接触的机会;通道,入口　v. (accessed, accessed, accessing) 进入;使用;获取(尤指电脑数据)→accessible adj. 可接近的,可使用的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)access to ...接近……的机会;进入……的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to ...得以接近/使用/进入…… give access to准许出入 2)be accessible to容易进入的;(书、诗、画等)易懂的 ①Our school gym is accessible to us students, and we can get easy access ____________ it when taking exercise.我校体育馆对我们学生来说很方便,我们锻炼时能使用。 ②Not only will the activity help students get access to more knowledge, but also it will cultivate their abilities of Chinese poetry appreciation.这次活动不仅可以帮助学生获得更多的知识,还可以培养他们欣赏中国诗歌的能力。(告知信) 答:①to 3.worthwhile adj. 重要的;有益的;值得做的;值得花时间的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)sth be (well) worth doing 某事(非常)值得被做 sth be worth the money/an effort/a try某事值得花钱/努力/一试 sth be worth it某事值得一做 2)sth/sb be worthy 3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth某事值得做 ①It is worthwhile ____________ (take) part in such a meaningful activity.参加这么有意义的活动是值得的。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷应用文) ②Jiuzhaigou National Park is a nature reserve that is well worthy of ____________ (visit).九寨沟国家公园是一个很值得参观的自然保护区。(2021·天津卷短文投稿) ③Seeing Mother’s smiling face, the twins both found their hard work was worth it.看到妈妈的笑脸,双胞胎都发现他们的辛苦是值得的。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) 答:①taking/to take　②being visited/to be visited 4.upset adj. 心烦意乱的;烦恼的;沮丧的　vt. (upset, upset, upsetting) 使心烦意乱;使生气;搅乱 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be upset about/by/at sth为某事心烦/难过 be upset with sb生某人的气 be upset to do sth对做某事感到不安/难过 2)(sth) upset sb (某事)使某人心烦 upset sth打翻某物/打乱(安排、计划等) It upsets sb to do sth/that/when ...做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……/当……时使某人不安 ①There is no need to be upset ____________ the matter.没有必要为此事难过。(劝慰信) ②It upset me that we were trapped to a narrow corner, where we could hear the gasps of the bear.我们被困在一个狭窄的角落里,在那里我们能听到熊的喘息声,这让我很不安。(2020·浙江卷读后续写) ③I was upset ____________ (find) that my pumpkin had been upset by my brother.我难过地发现我的南瓜被我的弟弟打翻了。(2021·浙江卷读后续写) 答:①about/by/at　③to find 5.demanding adj. 要求严格的;费力的→demand n. 要求;需求　vt. (demanded, demanded, demanding) 强烈要求;需要　vi. 查问 背重点 背写作佳句 1)demand+n./pron.要求……;需要…… demand to do sth要求做某事 demand that ... (should) do sth要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气) 2)a demand for ...对……的需(要)求 be in (great) demand需求大;受欢迎 meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求/要求 ①As new members are in demand in our basketball club, I’m writing to invite you to join it.由于我们篮球俱乐部招收新成员,我写信邀请你加入。(邀请信) ②The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are ____________ great demand in this city.《哈利·波特》丛书很受欢迎,这个城市急需这些书。 ③We demand that all members ____________ (take) regular training on a daily basis, more exactly, from 3 pm to 5 pm every day.我们要求所有会员每天接受定时培训,更确切地说,每天下午3点到5点。(告知信) 答:②in　③(should) take 6.manner n. 举止;方式;方法;[pl.]礼貌;礼仪 背重点 背写作佳句 in a(n) ... manner以……的方式 a manner of (doing) sth (做)某事的方式/方法 It’s good/bad manners to do sth做某事是有/没有礼貌的 table manners餐桌礼仪 mind one’s manners注意礼貌 ①I’d like to share with you some suggestions on how to mind your table ____________ (manner) in China.我想给你一些你在中国如何注意餐桌礼仪的建议。(全国卷Ⅰ回复询问信) ②She treated her friend ____________ a rude manner, making her mother disappointed and annoyed.她对朋友粗鲁,这使她妈妈既失望又生气。(情感描写) ③I think it’s the height of bad manners to be dressed badly.我认为衣着不当是最没有礼貌的行为。 答:①manners　②in 7.associate vt. (associated, associated, associating) 与某人交往→association n. 协会;关联 背重点 背写作佳句 1)associate ... with ...将……和……联系/联想起来 associate with sb与某人混在一起 be associated with和……联系在一起;与……有关 2)in association with与……合作/交往;与……有关联 ①Bamboo plants are associated ____________ health, abundance and a happy home.竹子与健康、富贵和阖家幸福有关。(短文) ②Prior to participating in the activity, my father reminded me to be in association ____________ those thinking positively.参加活动前,父亲提醒我要和积极思考的人交往。 ③If you associate with positive thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.如果你和积极思考的人交往,你一定会取得成功。(建议信) 答:①with　②with 8.complain vi.& vt. (complained, complained, complaining) 抱怨;不满;发牢骚 背重点 背写作佳句 1)complain (to sb) of/about (doing) sth (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事;(向某人)发牢骚 complain (to sb) that ... (向某人)抱怨…… 2)make a complaint about sth抱怨/投诉某事 make a complaint to sb向某人抱怨/投诉 ①I’d like to complain to you that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase.我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。(投诉信) ②In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaining about it to each other but understanding of eath other.困难的时候,我们需要的不是相互抱怨而是相互理解。(主旨升华) ③What I am to complain ____________ is that the books I bought online are poorly printed and smell terrible.我想投诉的是我在网上买的书印刷质量差,闻起来也很难闻。(投诉信) 答:③about/of 9.appointment n. 约定;约会→appoint vt. (appointed, appointed, appointing) 任命;委派;指定;约定 背重点 背写作佳句 1)appoint sb as/to be ...任命某人为…… be appointed as/to be ...被任命为…… appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事 2)make/have an appointment with sb与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment守/违约 3)the appointed time约定的时间 ①It’s a great pity that I will fail to go outing with you at the ____________ (appoint) time.很遗憾我不能在约定的时间和你去郊游。(2021·北京卷道歉信) ②Learning he was appointed ____________ head of the team, he couldn’t contain his excitement and danced into the house.得知他被任命为队长后,他激动得雀跃着进了家门。(动作+情感描写) ③I have an appointment with the manager of that company in the evening.今晚,我与那家公司的经理有个约定。 答:①appointed　②as 10.competitor n. 选手;参赛者→competition n. 竞争→compete vi. (competed, competed, competing) 竞争;对抗 背重点 背写作佳句 1)compete in ...参加……(比赛/竞争) compete for ...为……而竞争 compete with/against sb与某人竞争 2)in competition with ...与……进行竞争 ①We will compete ____________ other volleyball teams ____________ the championship.我们将与其他排球队争夺冠军。(告知信) ②When the students heard that they got the first prize in the gymnastics competition, they cheered and jumped with joy.当学生们听说他们在体操比赛中得了第一名时,他们欢呼雀跃。(情绪描写) ③Life is like a long competitive race in which we compete ____________ others to go beyond ourselves.人生就像一场漫长的竞赛,我们与别人竞争,以超越自己。(主旨升华) 答:①with; for　③against/with 11.belong vi. (belonged, belonged, belonging) 应在(某处);属于;适应 背重点 背写作佳句 1)belong to属于;是……的成员;应归入 ①belong to不能用于进行时态和被动语态,后接名词或代词的宾格 ②belong还可用于除to以外的其他介词或副词前面,如in, on, among, under等,表“某人/某物处在适当的位置” 2)a sense of belonging归属感 ①I belong ____________ a painting club, which enables me to deepen visitors’understanding of Chinese culture.我是绘画俱乐部成员,这能让我加深游客对中国文化的了解。(申请信) ②Putting the book where it belonged, the boy tiptoed out of the room as lightly as possible.男孩把书放在原处,尽量轻地踮起脚尖出了房间。(动作描写) ③You should not appropriate other people’s ____________ (belong) without their permission.你不该未经允许私自占有他人之物。 答:①to　③belongings 12.contrast vt. (contrasted, contrasted, contrasting) 形成对比;对照　n. 差异;差别 背重点 背写作佳句 1)in contrast to与……形成对照 in contrast with与……相比 by/in contrast与此相反;相比之下 make a contrast with与……形成对比 2)contrast A with B对比A与B contrast with与……形成对比;和……相反 ①You will find it a good idea to contrast the eastern ____________ the western cultures.你会发现对比中西方文化是个好主意。(建议信) ②In contrast ____________ my mother, my dad was a little worried and suggested calling the fire department.与妈妈相比,爸爸有点担心,他建议打电话给消防部门。(2021·浙江卷读后续写) ③In sharp contrast ____________ her mood, the clouds were breaking up to reveal a blue sky.乌云渐渐散开,露出了蓝天,这和她的情绪形成了鲜明的对照。(环境+情绪描写) 答:①with　②with　③to 13.desperate adj. 拼命的;绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be desperate for sth渴望得到某物 be desperate to do sth渴望做某事 in desperation绝望地 2)其他表“渴望某物/做某事”的表达 be anxious for sth/to do sth be eager for sth/to do sth be dying for sth/to do sth long for sth/to do sth desire sth/to do sth ①In ____________ (desperate), she called Louise and asked for her help.在走投无路的情况下,她给路易丝打了个电话请她帮忙。 ②She felt ____________ (desperate) tired, and her spirits sank.她感到筋疲力尽,情绪低落。 ③The door opened, and I hurried into the elevator, desperate to escape.门开了,我赶快进了电梯,急于逃跑。(情感描写) ④My father’s reaction astonished me. I was anxious ____________ (know) how he could be so calm.父亲的反应让我很惊讶,我想知道他怎么能如此镇静。(情感描写) 答:①desperation　②desperately　③to know 14.短语1for the first time 初次,第一次 背重点 背写作佳句 at a time一次 in no time立刻,马上 at one time曾经,一度 at the same time同时 at all times始终;一直 of all time有史以来 from time to time偶尔,有时 for the time being暂时 ahead of time提前 the first time首次,第一次 have a good time玩得开心 ①J.K. Rowling is considered to be the best writer of all time. J.K.罗琳被认为是有史以来最优秀的作家。 ②I believe that my French will have a great improvement in ____________ time.我相信我的法语很快会有一个很大的提升。 ③Our representatives are ready to help you at ____________ times.我们的代表随时准备帮助你。 ④She was laughing and crying at the same time.她又哭又笑。 ⑤You can leave your suitcase here for the time being.你可以暂时把手提箱留在这儿。 答:②no　③all 15.短语2stand by 袖手旁观;做好准备;支持 背重点 背写作佳句 stand out突出;引人注目;显眼;杰出 stand for代表;支持;象征 stand on one’s own feet自立;不依靠他人 stand up for支持;维护(权利) ①After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand ____________ among the candidates and survive the test.经过无数次的面试和演讲,我成功地从候选人中脱颖而出,并通过了测试。(面试) ②In China, the color of red stands ____________ good luck and energy.在中国,红色代表着好运和能量。(传统文化) ③As soon as she walked off the stage, I gave her a big hug and told her I was so proud of her. I would always stand ____________ her.她一走下舞台,我就给了她一个大大的拥抱,告诉她我为她感到骄傲。我将永远支持她。 答:①out　②for　③by 16.短语3on behalf of sb 代表某人 背重点 背写作佳句 on sb’s behalf代表某人 represent sb代表某人 take the place of sb (=take sb’s place)代替某人 in place of代替 ①It’s my great honor to stand here __________________ all the students, and I’d like to offer you my warmest welcome.我很荣幸能代表所有的学生站在这里,在此向你们表示最热烈的欢迎。 ②He will be in place of his teacher to teach those poor children. 他将代替他的老师去教那些贫困儿童。 答:①on behalf of 17.短语4take up 占据;开始从事 背重点 背写作佳句 take in吸收;吸入;收留,留宿;接纳;理解;欺骗 take off起飞;脱下;迅速流行;(事业等)步入正轨,腾飞 take on呈现;雇用 take back拿回;撤销 take ... for granted认为……理所当然 take away拿走;带走 take over接管 He took it ____________ granted that he would take ____________ the company from his father and firmly believed that his career was sure to take ____________, so he decided to take ____________ more employees.However, he was unfortunate to be taken ____________ by the traders and all his property was taken ____________. Not losing heart, he took ____________ a new business and made up his mind to take ____________ what he had lost.他想当然地认为他会接管父亲的公司,并坚信他的事业一定会腾飞,所以他决定雇用更多的员工。然而,不幸的是,他被贸易商欺骗,失去了所有财产。但他没有失去信心,开始从事新的生意,并下定决心收回失去的一切。 答:for; over; off; on; in; away; up; back 18.句式1if only 引导的虚拟条件句 Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我(甚至)想,如果我能打电话征求他的意见就好了!  背重点 背写作佳句 1)if only ...意为“要是……就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 if only ... did ...表示与现在事实相反的愿望 if only ... had done ...表示与过去事实相反的愿望 if only ... would/could do ...表示与将来事实相反的愿望 2)only if意为“只要;只有”,引导条件状语从句。only if位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装 ①I feel upset and depressed, thinking about,“If only someone ____________ (help) me at the moment.”我感到很难过,很沮丧,心里想:“现在要是有人帮帮我就好了。” ②“If only I ____________ (not be) constantly distracted in class. Only if I am devoted to my studies can I catch up with my classmates.”Jane thought, tears of regret flowing down her cheeks.“要是我在课堂上不经常分心就好了。只有我全身心投入到学习中,我才能赶上我的同学。”简想到,悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(心理描写) 答:①helped　②had not been 19.句式2不定式(短语)作后置定语 If you’re one of my 500 friends online, you’ll always be the first to know. 如果你是我的500个网友之一,你总会是第一个知道的。  背重点 背写作佳句 1)不定式作定语,置于被修饰词之后 2)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next, the only, the right, the last等修饰,且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时,常用不定式作后置定语 3)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability, chance, opportunity, need, way, wish, effort, right, ambition, patience, anxiety, attempt等名词 4)被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时,不定式的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则后面必须要有适当的介词 ①Personally, I think I am the best person to take up the job.就个人而言,我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。(申请信) ②You’d always be the first ____________ (offer) to help, for which I was quite grateful.你总是第一个主动提出帮忙,对此我非常感激。(感谢信) ③Suddenly, before he had a chance to think, Chet was in the water, swimming as fast as he could toward Sid.切特还没来得及想,就突然跳进了水里,拼命地向希德游去。(动作描写) 答:②to offer 提分背案3　续写素材 场景练背 ——情感细节描写之“愤怒” 形容词/副词 angry, mad, cross, furious, angrily, madly, crossly, furiously 名词/动词 anger (n.& v.), rage, fury, frown (n.& v.), boil vi.怒火中烧 脸色 ①be/go red/flame/(be) flushed with anger气得脸通红; ②be purple with anger/rage气得脸色发紫;③be/turn white with anger气得脸色发白; ④be dark/darkened with rage气得面色铁青; ⑤be filled with anger一脸愤怒;充满愤怒; ⑥cloud over with anger怒容满面; ⑦look angry/furious/cross看上去很生气 愤怒的目光 动词“看”+angrily/crossly/furiously生气地看: ①glare/stare angrily/furiously/wildly at sb怒视某人; ②fix sb with an angry stare生气地盯着某人; ③give sb a look/glance of burning anger愤怒地看/瞥了某人一眼; ④flash/glitter with anger闪着/燃烧着怒火 咆哮/吼叫 ①boom大吼一声; ②bark咆哮; ③explode勃然(大怒);大发雷霆; ④roar吼叫;咆哮; ⑤storm怒吼;大发雷霆; ⑥yell大吼 用表“愤怒”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景19 | “友情”主题下的“愤怒” Our friendship went through ups and downs like a boat on the sea. Dissatisfaction with the other was accumulating. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her ①____________ (boom), “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. ②__________________ (我气得涨红了脸). How could she act like that? ③____________________________________ (我无法控制自己的愤怒) either. ④__________________ (我火冒三丈,一跃而起开始大吼,副词+动作链). She yelled back louder. Neither of us was willing to calm down to be a good listener. ⑤____________________________________ (满屋都是怒火). We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. 微场景20 | “校园生活”主题下的“愤怒” As soon as we scrambled out of the pool, Mala appeared and ⑥__________________ (怒冲冲地瞪着我), ⑦____________ (storm), “Why did you push Kala in?” ⑧____________________________________ (注意到她眼中燃烧的怒火), I kept silent before the girl pointed to me and said, “She saved me.” Mala’s expression ⑨____________________________________ (从愤怒变为不可置信), and then to gratitude. She must have misunderstood me earlier. “I’m sorry,” Mala said, her voice softening. “I didn’t know you were such a skilled swimmer. Thank you for saving her.” 答:①booming　②I flushed with anger　③I could not control my anger　④I jumped to my feet angrily and started yelling ⑤The room was filled with anger　⑥stared wildly at me　⑦storming　⑧Noticing the burning anger in her eyes　⑨shifted from anger to disbelief 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$