必修第三册 UNIT 3 The world of science(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（外研版2019）

UNIT 3　The world of science 主题语境 科技发展、科学精神 　提分背案1　背熟单词 识记单词 1.flash n.闪光 2.battery n.电池 3.metal n.金属 4.cure n.药剂;疗法 5.stuff n.东西,物品 6.beyond prep.无法…… 7.procedure n.程序,步骤,手续 8.shoot v.射出(光、亮等),放射→shot/shot (过去式/过去分词) 　 　　　　　　 9.compute v.计算 10.species n.物种 11.stream n.小河,小溪 12.gravity n.重力,引力 13.instance n.例子,实例 　　 　　　　　 14.extraordinary adj. 非凡的,出色的 15.lightning n.闪电 16.gunpowder n.火药 17.draft v.起草,草拟 18.compass n.指南针,罗盘 19.fiction n.虚构的事,想象的事 拓展单词精准变形 1.press v.压;按;逼迫;榨取→pressing adj.紧迫的;迫切的→pressed adj.紧缺的;压平的→pressure n.压力;压迫　vt.逼迫 2.flexible adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的→flexibly adv.灵活地;有弹性地→flexibility n.灵活性;适应性→inflexible adj.僵化的;缺乏弹性的 3.passive adj.被动的→passively adv.被动地→(反) active adj.主动的 4.significant adj.重要的,影响深远的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv.明显地;有重大意义地 5.mental adj.精神的;精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上 6.attach v.系,绑;贴→attachment n.附件;依恋→attached adj.依附的;爱慕的 7.conduct v.传导(热、电)→conductor n.导体;售票员;管理人→conductive adj.传导的→conduction n.传导 8.entirely adv.完全地,彻底地→entire adj.全部的;整个的;完全的 9.declaration n.声明,宣告→declare v.声明 10.injure v.使受伤,弄伤→injured adj.受伤的,受损害的→injury n.伤害,损害;受伤处 11.minor adj.小的→minority n.少数民族,少数派→(反)major adj.主要的,大的 12.origin n.起源,起因→original adj.原始的,独创的→originally adv.最初地,本来地 13.scientific adj.科学(上)的→scientifically adv.科学上→science n.科学;技术→scientist n.科学家 14.accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确(性) 15.theory n.学说;理论→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically adv.理论上 16.chemist n.化学家→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的　n.化学物质 17.astronomer n.天文学家→astronomy n.天文学 18.biologist n.生物学家→biology n.生物学→biological adj.生物学的;生物的 19.capable adj.有能力的→capability n.能力→capably adv.能干地;有能力地 20.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的;实际上的→virtually adv.事实上;实际上 21.proof n.证明,证据→prove v.证明;证实 22.desire n.渴望,欲望→desirable adj.值得拥有的;值得做的→undesirable adj.不受欢迎的;不利的 23.experiment n. (科学)实验　v.做实验→experimental adj.实验性的;科学实验的→experimentally adv.实验性地 24.shoot v.射出(光、亮等),放射;射击;射杀;拍摄→shooting n.枪击;拍摄→shot n.射击;照片;镜头→shot/shot (过去式/过去分词) 25.brilliant adj.聪颖的;明亮的;杰出的→brilliance n.聪颖;明亮;杰出 26.account n.账户;账目;帐号;说明;叙述　vt.认为是;视为→accountant n.会计;会计师 单词速记法 词缀记忆法:名词后缀-y/-ty表示性质、状态、动作或结果等 语义记忆法:不同领域专家的表达法 ①astronomer 　　天文学家 ②biologist 生物学家 ③chemist 化学家 ④physicist 物理学家 ⑤geologist 地质学家 ⑥psychologist 心理学家 ①injure伤害→injury伤害 ②discover发现→discovery发现 ③deliver递送→delivery递送 ④recover恢复→recovery恢复;痊愈 ⑤honest诚实的→honesty诚实 ⑥difficult困难的→difficulty困难 ⑦modest谦虚的→modesty谦虚 ⑧safe安全的→safety安全 1.press vt. ①按;压　②敦促　③把……塞入　n. ④新闻界 1)press a button / switch按下按钮/开关 press sth. against ...把……贴在…… press sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事 press sth. into ...把……塞入/按入…… 2)a press conference新闻发布会 3)under pressure在压力之下 ①To our shock, the manager was pressed ____________ (take) immediate action at the press conference.使我们震惊的是,这个经理在记者招待会上被要求立即采取行动。(续写情感描写) ②After I pressed the button, the lady pressed a large amount of money ____________ my bag.我按下按钮后,那位女士把一大笔钱塞进我的包里。(续写动作描写) ③He pressed his nose against the window and narrowed his eyes and glanced down at the pavement.他把鼻子贴在了窗户上,眯起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。(续写动作描写) 2.desire n. ①渴望;欲望　vt. ②渴望;期望 1)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth.渴望……做某事 2)have a strong desire to do sth./for sth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth.不想做某事 ①Learning you have ____________ strong desire to learn Chinese well, I’d like to offer you some suggestions.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(建议信) ②The disappointed twins desired their father to tell them how to make sandwiches, and he nodded.沮丧的双胞胎想要父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,他点点头。(续写动作描写) 3.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的;重要的,影响深远的 1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ...对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to (doing) sth.认为(做)某事(很)重要 2)be significant for对……是重要的 It is significant that ...很明显…… ①There is no denying that ocean conservation is ____________ vital significance.无可否认,海洋保护至关重要。(2022·全国甲卷倡议书) ②It is significant ____________ the greatest gift of life is friendship.很明显,生命中最珍贵的礼物是友谊。(续写主旨升华) 4.injure vt. 使受伤;损害 1)injure sth./sb.使某物/某人受伤 be/get seriously/slightly injured受重伤/轻伤 injure one’s pride/reputation/feelings伤害某人的自尊/名誉/情感 2)the injured伤员 3)do sb./oneself an injury/do an injury to sb./oneself伤害某人/自己 ①I fell down the stairs and ____________ (injure) my back.我跌下楼梯,背部受了伤。 ②She gently cupped the small injured bird in her hands.她双手合起轻轻捧着受伤的小鸟。 ③He lost control of the car, crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.他的汽车失控,撞上了卡车,受了重伤。(续写事故主题) ④He escaped with only minor ____________ (injure).他逃过了这一劫,仅仅受了点轻伤。 5.attach vt. ①系;绑;贴　②认为有重要性(或意义;价值等);重视 1)attach ... to ...把……系/贴/附在……之上 attach importance/significance to ...重视;认为……有意义 2)be attached to sb./sth.依恋;附属于;爱慕某人/某物 ①Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance ____________ it.书写至关重要,每个人都应重视。(倡议书) ②She found a box lying on the table with a card ____________ (attach) to it, saying“Happy Birthday”.她发现桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡片,上面写着“生日快乐”。 答案:1.①to take　②into　2.①a　3.①of　②that　4.①injured　④injuries　5.①to　②attached 　提分背案2　背熟短语和句式 动词短语 1.die from死于…… 2.find out 发现;查明 3.focus on 集中精力于…… 4.come up with 提出,想出 介词短语和其他 　 　　　　　　　 5.be recognized as 被认作 6.be named after 以……的名字命名 7.due to 由于 8.apart from 此外 9.along with 随着;沿着 10.the majority of 大多数…… 11.the number of ……的数量 12.what’s more 更重要的是;而且 13.in addition　　除此之外,另外 14.thanks to 多亏,因为 15.virtual reality 虚拟现实 16.wearable tech 可穿戴技术 17.natural selection 自然选择 18.in terms of 就……而言 19.never say never 别轻易说决不 20.field research 实地研究,实地调研 6.短语　apart from 除……之外;除了……之外(还有)…… 1)fall apart崩溃;土崩瓦解;破碎 take ... apart将……拆卸开,拆分 tell ... apart分辨出,辨别 set sb./sth. apart (from)使某人/某物与众不同,使突出;留出;拨出 2)①apart from表“除……以外(别无其他)”时,相当于except/except for; ②表“除了……之外(还有)”时,相当于besides/in addition to。 ①Apart from/Besides/In addition to English classes, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefited me a lot.除了上英语课,我还积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动,这些使我受益很多。(短文) ②As my teacher put it,“When you compare students of equal intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.”正如我的老师所说:“当你对比拥有相同智力和学习成绩的学生时,使他们脱颖而出的是希望。” 7.句式　while引导让步状语从句 In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上,多处资料显示,虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果,但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。  while的用法: 1)“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首),表示转折,不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。 2)“当……的时候;在……时”,引导时间状语从句,状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done,表“当做/被做……时”。 3)并列连词“然而”,表示前后分句的对比。 4)while n.(常与a连用)表“一会儿;一段时间” once in a while偶尔;间或 after a while过了一会儿;不久 for a while一会儿 take a short while需要一点时间 quite a while相当长的时间 ①Some looked like they had totally given up on life, ____________ others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking.一些人看起来已经完全放弃了生活,而另一些人则随遇而安,笑着开玩笑。(2022·浙江卷续写) ②From learning skating, I realize while ____________ (do) anything, we often meet many kinds of difficulties, but we shouldn’t lose heart.通过学习滑冰,我意识到做任何事情时,我们经常会遇到各种各样的困难,但我们不应该灰心。(2023·全国乙卷短文) ③After ____________ while, David hung his head in shame, with the color flooding his cheeks.过了一会儿,大卫羞愧地低下了头,脸颊泛出红晕。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写神态描写) ④It took quite ____________ while for them all to get off the platform.他们花了很长时间,才全部走出站台。 答案:7.①while　②doing　③a　④a 　提分背案3　练背读后续写满分素材 ——情感细节描写之“愤怒” 形容词/副词 angry, mad, cross, furious, angrily, madly, crossly, furiously 名词/动词 anger (n.& v.), rage, fury, frown (n.& v.), boil v.怒火中烧 脸色 ①be/go red/flame/(be) flushed with anger气得脸通红; ②be purple with anger/rage气得脸色发紫;③ be/turn white with anger气得脸色发白; ④be dark/darkened with rage气得面色铁青; ⑤be filled with anger一脸愤怒;充满愤怒; ⑥cloud over with anger怒容满面; ⑦look angry/furious/cross显得很生气 愤怒的目光 动词“看”+angrily/crossly/furiously生气地看: ①glare/stare angrily/furiously/wildly at sb.怒视某人; ②fix sb. with an angry stare生气地盯着某人; ③give sb. a look/glance of burning anger愤怒地看/瞥了某人一眼; ④flash/glitter with anger闪着/燃烧着怒火 咆哮/吼叫 ①boom大吼一声; ②bark咆哮; ③explode勃然(大怒);大发雷霆; ④roar吼叫;咆哮; ⑤storm怒吼;大发雷霆; ⑥yell大吼 用表“愤怒”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景29 | “友情”主题中的“愤怒” Our friendship went ups and downs like a boat on the sea. Dissatisfaction with the other was accumulating. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her ①____________ (boom), “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. ②___________________________ (我气得涨红了脸). How could she act like that? ③___________________________ (我无法控制自己的愤怒) either. ④___________________________ (我火冒三丈,一跃而起开始大吼,副词+动作链). She yelled back louder. Neither of us was willing to calm down to be a good listener. ⑤___________________________ (满屋都是怒火). We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. 微场景30 | “校园生活”主题中的“愤怒” As soon as we scrambled out of the pool, Mala appeared and ⑥___________________________ (怒冲冲地瞪着我), ⑦____________ (storm), “Why did you push Kala in?” ⑧___________________________ (注意到她眼中燃烧的怒火), I kept silent before the girl pointed to me and said, “She saved me.” Mala’s expression ⑨___________________________ (从愤怒变为不可置信), and then to gratitude. She must have misunderstood me earlier. “I’m sorry,” Mala said, her voice softening. “I didn’t know you were such a skilled swimmer. Thank you for saving her.” 答案:①booming　②I flushed with anger　③I could not control my anger　④I jumped to my feet angrily and started yelling　⑤The room was filled with anger　⑥stared wildly at me　⑦storming　⑧Noticing the burning anger in her eyes ⑨shifted from anger to disbelief 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$