必修第二册 UNIT 6 Earth first(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（外研版2019）

UNIT 6　Earth first 主题语境 环境保护 　提分背案1　背熟单词 识记单词 1.carbon n.碳 2.staff n.员工 3.restore v.使恢复 4.release v.释放,排放 5.target v.把……作为目标 6.greenhouse n.温室,暖房 7.reserve n. (野生生物)保护区 8.damage v.破损,损害,损伤 9.highlight v.使……突出,使注意力集中于 10.attitude n. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度 11.slide n.幻灯片 12.brochure n.小册子 13.flood n.洪水,水灾 14.average adj.平均(数)的 15.amount n.数量,数额 16.drought n.旱灾,干旱 17.supply n.煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统) 　　　　　 18.solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的 19.shark n.鲨(鱼) 20.ocean n.海洋,大海 21.appliance n.家用电器,家用器具 22.bulb n.灯泡 　　　　　　 23.litre n.升,公升 24.electricity n.电 25.plug n. (电)插头 26.campaign n. (宣传)活动 27.canteen n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅 28.device n.设备,仪器,装置 29.leak v. (使)漏,(使)渗漏 30.false adj.不正确的,错误的 31.mode n. (机器、设备的)运行方式,状态,模式 32.fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n.鱼鳍 拓展单词精准变形 1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scary adj.可怕的→scared adj.害怕的;惊恐的 2.fortunately adv.幸运地→(反) unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→(反) unfortunate adj.不幸的→(反) fortune n.大笔的钱,巨款;机会;运气→misfortune n.厄运;不幸 3.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.不再存在的;已灭绝的 4.establish v.建立,设立(生义)使得到认可→establishment n.建立;设立→established adj.已确立的;著名的 5.reduce v.减少,降低→reduction n.减少;下降 6.smog n.烟雾,雾霾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 7.permission n.允许;许可→permit v.允许;许可(生义) n.许可证 8.majority n.多数,大多数(人或物)→major adj.重大的　v.主修　n.专业 9.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的→concern vt.使担忧;涉及　n.担忧→concerning prep.关于 10.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生);贡献;捐赠;撰稿→contribution n.贡献;捐款;稿件;促成作用→contributor n.促成物;捐款者 11.remove v.移走,搬走,去掉→removal n.移走;拿去;去掉;消除 12.fog n.雾→foggy adj.有雾的 13.reusable adj.可再度使用的,可多次使用的→ reuse vt.再利用 14.severe adj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的→severely adv.严重地;严厉地→severity n.严重性;严厉 15.infection n.感染,传染病→infect vt.感染;传染→infectious adj.传染的;传染性的 16.urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的→urgency n.紧急;催促 17.renewable adj. (能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的→renew v.重新开始;更新 18.sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的→sustain v.维持;使稳定;遭受→sustainably adv.可持续地 19.adopt v.采取(某种方法);收养→adopted adj.收养的;领养的→adoption n.收养;采用 20.dive v. (通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→diving n.潜水→diver n.潜水员;跳水者 21.devote v.致力,献身,倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n.奉献;专心 22.cruelty n.残忍,残酷,残暴→cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残忍地 23.hunting n.打猎,狩猎→hunt v.打猎;猎取;搜寻→hunter n.猎人 24.presentation n.报告,(观点的)陈述,说明→present vt.呈现;展示;说明 25.affect v.影响→ affection n.喜爱;钟爱 26.lecture n. (尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲vt.开讲座;讲授;指责;训斥;告诫→lecturer n.讲课者;讲师;讲演者 单词速记法 词缀记忆法:形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的;充满……的” 语义记忆法:与“灾难”相关的单词 ①flood 　　　　洪灾 ②drought 旱灾 ③tornado 龙卷风 ④earthquake 地震 ⑤epidemic 流行病 ①infect使感染;传染→infectious传染性的 ②humor幽默→humorous幽默的 ③courage勇气→courageous勇敢的 ④caution谨慎;小心→cautious谨慎的;小心的 ⑤continue继续→continuous持续的 ⑥fame名声→famous著名的;出名的 ⑦danger危险→dangerous危险的 ⑧harmony融洽;和睦→harmonious和睦的;融洽的 ⑨anxiety焦虑→anxious焦虑的 ⑩envy嫉妒;羡慕→envious嫉妒的;羡慕的 1.scare vt. ①惊吓;使害怕　vi. ②受惊吓　(scared adj. 害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的　scary adj. 令人害怕的) 1)scare sb.吓唬某人 scare sb./sth. away/off把……吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth.胁迫某人做某事 scare the life out of sb.吓得某人魂飞魄散 scare sb. out of one’s wits吓得要死 2) be scared to do sth.害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某物 be scared to death吓得要死 ①Harry saw his ____________ (scare) white face.哈利看见了他惊恐、煞白的脸。 ②It was so ____________ (scare) a moment that my heart was hammering in my chest.那一刻真是吓人,我吓得心怦怦直跳。 ③Meredith was scared ____________ him and shrank back.梅雷迪斯害怕他,退缩了。 ④She scared the life out of me when she crept up behind me and shouted in my ear.她蹑手蹑脚地走到我身后对着我耳朵大喊一声,把我的魂都吓飞了。 2.devote vt. ①把……献(给)　②把……专用于　③专心于 1)devote one’s time/energies/life to (doing) sth.把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth.献身于(做)某事;致力于(做)某事 2)be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事;奉献于(做)某事 ①Responsible and ____________ (devote) to community work, he is praised by the people around.他负责任,致力于社区工作,受到了周围人的称赞。(写人短文) ②I still remember what you have devoted to ____________ (improve) my oral English and writing skills.我仍然记得您为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所付出的努力。(感谢信) 3.affect vt. ①影响　②(疾病)侵袭　③深深打动 1)be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深打动 be affected with ...染上……疾病 2)show/have/feel much/an affection for ... (非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱…… 3)have an effect on ...对……有影响 ①____________ (affect) by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career.在那些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。(2021·天津卷短文投稿) ②Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the ____________ (affect) areas.大量捐款源源不断地涌入受灾地区。(报道) 4.adopt vt. ①采用;采取;采纳　vt.& vi. ②领养 1)adopt one’s suggestion/advice采纳某人的建议 adopt an approach/measures采用方法/采取措施 2)adopted son/child养子/领养的孩子 3)adapt v.适应;改编 adapt (oneself) to适应 ①Adopt the following scientific learning methods, and you will make great progress.采用以下科学的学习方法,你会取得很大进步。(建议信) ②He ____________ (adopt) an air of indifference. Mary felt a rush of anger.他摆出一副满不在乎的样子。玛丽气坏了。(续写神态+情感描写) 5.reduce vt. ①减少;缩小　②迫使;使变成 reduce to ...降至…… reduce by ...减少了…… reduce sb. to tears/silence使某人流泪/沉默 reduce sth. to ruins/ashes把某物变为废墟/化为灰烬 be reduced to ...沦落为……;减少到……(to为介词) ①One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。(建议信) ②The time came for Anne to leave for college. Both Anne and Marilla ____________ (reduce) to tears.安妮要上大学了。安妮和玛丽拉都哭了。 6.majority n. 大部分;大多数 1)a/the majority of大多数…… in the/a majority占大部分/大多数 by/with a majority of ...以多数票…… 2)in the/a minority占少数 3)major in ...主修……;以……为专业 ①With the final exam approaching, ____________ majority of students are under much pressure.随着期末考试的到来,大多数学生压力很大。(倡议信) ②I was selected to be the leading role in the play ____________ a majority of 50, which made me filled with joy.我以50票的优势被选为该剧的主角,这让我很高兴。(续写情感描写) 7.amount n. ①数量;数额　②金额　vi. ③总计;共计　④相当于;等于 1)the amount of……的数量 a small/large/huge amount of+n. [U]+v.(单数) small/large/huge amounts of+n. [U]+v.(复数) 2)amount to达到;合计;相当于;等于;意味着 ①A large amount of money raised in the charity sale has been donated to the local school.在慈善义卖中筹集的一大笔钱已被捐给了当地的学校。(活动介绍) ②Mom patted me on the shoulder, saying seriously,“Lazy people will amount ____________ nothing in life.”妈妈拍着我的肩膀严肃地说:“懒惰的人在生活中将一事无成。”(2021·浙江卷续写) 8.urge vt. ①催促;力劝　②大力推荐　n. ③强烈的欲望;冲动 1)the urge to do sth.做某事的渴望 have an urge to do sth.很渴望做某事 2)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that ...(should) do sth.极力主张……做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth.坚决要求……做某事 ①It is urged that we students take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic.坚决要求我们学生经常锻炼,以保持身体健康和精力充沛。(倡议书) ②I was embarrassed, but I fought back the sudden urge ____________ (run) off the stage.我感到很尴尬,突然很想跑下台,但我忍住了。(续写情感描写) 9.contribute v. ①促成,造成(某事发生)　vi. ②捐助　③贡献　vt. ④捐款　⑤投稿 1)contribute ... to ...捐助……给……;向……投稿 contribute to有助于;导致;促成;向……捐款/投稿 2)make a contribution/contributions to ...为……作贡献 ①Your advice will contribute ____________ the success of the class meeting.你的建议将有助班会的成功。(2021·全国甲卷求助信) ②The community service was a job worthwhile to do, something positive I could do to make ____________ (contribute) to the world.社区服务很值得做,是一份我能为世界做出积极贡献的工作。(2022·浙江卷续写升华句) 10.average adj. ①平均的　②正常的　③普通的　n. ④平均数　⑤平均水平　v. ⑥计算出……的平均数　⑦平均为 1)an average of平均有(后跟数词) the average of……的平均数 2)on average平均起来 above/below average在平均水平以上/以下 3)average ... out算出……的平均数 ①His academic performance is well above average, but he is still modest and helpful.他的学习成绩远超过其他同学,但他仍然十分谦虚,而且乐于助人。(人物介绍) ②The money Bernard made daily averaged out at 6 dollars, enough to cover their expenses.伯纳德平均每天挣6美元,足以支付他们的开销。(新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 答案:1.①scared　②scary　③of　2.①devoted　②improving　3.①Affected　②affected　4.②adopted　5.②were reduced　6.①a/the　②by/with　7.②to　8.②to run　9.①to　②contributions 　提分背案2　背熟短语和句式 动词短语 1.cut ... off　　　　　　　　切掉 2.break down 分解 3.start with 以……开始 4.see ... as ... 把……看作…… 5.call on 呼吁;号召;拜访 6.aim at doing sth. 旨在做某事 7.come across 偶遇;无意中发现 8.mistake ... for ... 把……错当成…… 9.protect ... from ... 保护……以免…… 10.take ... into account 把……考虑进去 11.keep ... from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 介词短语和其他 12.be wrong about　　　　误解;弄错 13.in fear 惊恐地 14.rather than 而不是 15.due to 由于,因为 16.by mistake 错误地 17.from ... on 从……起 18.common sense 常识 19.the other way round 相反 20.in some cases 在某些情况下 11.短语1　due to 因为,由于 due adj.预定的,到期的;欠下的;应给的 due to由于,因为(一般用作表语和状语) be due to do/for sth.预定/计划(做)某事 be due to sb.应支付/给予/归于某人 ①Due to the fact that many students lack self-discipline, they are likely to get distracted by online games.因为许多学生缺乏自律,他们很可能会被网络游戏分散注意力。(2022·全国乙卷短文) ②My thanks are due ____________ you, without whose help I would not have achieved so much.我要感谢你,没有你的帮助,我不可能有如此成就。(感谢信) 12.短语2　take ... into account 把……考虑进去 1)account for解释;是……的原因;占……(比例) 2)on account of由于;因为 on no account决不(置于句首主谓部分倒装) give (sb.) a(n) ... account of ... (向某人)描述…… 3) 　􁀄虑…… ①However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.然而,选择阅读英语书籍和访问英语学习网站的学生只占18%和12%。(2022·全国乙卷图表调查) ②I would appreciate it if you could take my application ____________ account.如能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。(申请信) ③He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.他震惊得无法描述发生了什么事。 13.句式1　It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人)花费多长时间做某事 It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间,而纸的降解时间要短得多。  It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多长时间做某事。 It takes courage/efforts/hard work to do sth.做某事需要勇气/努力。 spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事 ①So ashamed was I that it took me a few days ____________ (gather) my courage to face up to Rose and apologize.我很羞愧,花了几天才鼓起勇气面对罗斯并向她道歉。 ②We spent the whole day ____________ (wait) around for something exciting to happen, but nothing did.我们干等了一整天,指望有什么激动人心的事发生,结果什么也没有。 ③It did take me hard work ____________ (finish) the project alone despite his remote guidance.尽管有他的远程指导,但我独自完成这个课题确实很辛苦。(2022·浙江卷续写) 14.句式2　倍数表达法 However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,生产纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的四倍,而耗水则多达三倍。  四种表示“倍数”的常见句型: ①A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as+B; ②A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than+B; ③A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth ...) +of+B; ④A+谓语+倍数+what从句,表“A是……的多少倍”。 ①The garden is ten times ____________ (big) than the one I have in Beijing.这个花园比我在北京的那个大十倍。 ②Much to his surprise, he invited only ten friends to his party, but ____________ (two) as many came.令他非常吃惊的是,他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会,但来了两倍的人。(续写情感描写) 答案:11.②to　12.②into　13.①to gather　②waiting　③to finish　14.①bigger　②twice 　提分背案3　练背读后续写满分素材 ——情感细节描写之“失望、孤独” 形容词/副词 disappointed, lonely, alone, upset 名词/动词 disappointment, loneliness, disappoint 脸 a look of disappointment/loneliness flashed across/spread over/crossed one’s face脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 眼睛/声音 ①see the disappointment in one’s eyes看到某人眼中的失望; ②one’s eyes filled with/full of disappointment/loneliness眼里满是失望/孤独; ③hear the disappointment in one’s voice听出某人声音中的失望; ④a note/touch of disappointment一丝失望; ⑤in a tone/voice of disappointment用失望的语气/声音 短语 ①be overcome/consumed with/be overwhelmed by disappointment非常失望; ②to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是; ③hide one’s disappointment掩饰某人的失望; ④disappointment flooded over sb.某人大失所望; ⑤fight/choke/force/hold back tears of disappointment忍住失望的泪水 用表“失望、孤独”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景23 | “环境保护”主题中的“失望、孤独” ①_________________________________________________ (我们脸上满是失望,with复合结构), we desperately wondered what had happened to our beloved village. Looking at our anxious faces, Grandfather ②___________________________ (失望地叹气,介词短语). It was those visitors who did help us earn more money, but they also brought massive amounts of rubbish, which caused severe pollution and changed our beautiful village completely. While telling us about the changes, Grandfather gazed at the sea, ③_________________________________________________ (眼里满是失望和无助,独立主格). 微场景24 | “友情”主题中的“失望、孤独” Nobody had remembered my birthday. A friend? Unless there was a miracle. ④_________________________________________________ (失望和孤独如潮水般涌来). Memories of my past birthdays crowded into my mind, which were filled with laughter. I should have blown out the candles with my family instead of wandering here, ⑤___________________________ (沮丧又孤独,形容词作状语). The cold wind brushed across my face. I ⑥___________________________ (忍住失望的泪水), shut my eyes and made a silent wish for a miracle. 答案:①With a look of disappointment spreading over our faces　②sighed in a voice of disappointment　③his eyes filled with disappointment and helplessness　④Disappointment and loneliness flooded over me like waves　⑤upset and lonely　⑥fought back tears of disappointment 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$