必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(word练习) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考默写速记本（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 1.______ workers 营救人员 2.give first ______ 进行急救 3.natural ______ 自然灾害 4.______ from the rain躲雨 5.in short ______ 供应短缺 6.cause ______ to 造成损失 7.in an ______ 在紧急情况下 8.be ______ away by huge ______ 被巨浪卷走 9.be ______ in reading 埋头读书 10.be ______ in the fire困于火中 11.a plane ______ 飞机失事 12.The door ______ open. 门开了。 答案　1.rescue　2.aid　3.disasters　4.shelter　5.supply　6.damage　7.emergency　8.swept; waves　9.buried　10.trapped　11.crash　12.slid 　　　 　　　 1.brick a. n. 直升机 2.metal b. n. 管子;管道 3.electricity c. n. 金属 4.helicopter d. n. 砖;砖块 5.kit e. n. 电;电能 6.pipe f. n. 上下文;语境;背景 7.tap g. n. 成套工具;成套设备 8.context h. n. 裂纹;裂缝 vi.&vt. (使)破裂 9.crack i. v.&n. 轻叩;轻敲 n. 水龙头 10.revive a. n. 百分之…… adj.& adv. 每一百中 11.whistle b. n. 龙卷风;旋风 12.unify c. n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡 13.evacuate d. n. 海啸 14.tsunami e. vt. 疏散;撤出 vi. 撤离 15.landslide f. n. (地)震级;重大 16.tornado g. v. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声);呼啸声 17.magnitude h. vi.&vt. 统一;(使)成一体 18.percent i. vt.&vi. 复活;(使)苏醒 答案　1.d　2.c　3.e　4.a　5.g　6.b　7.i　8.f　9.h　10.i　11.g　12.h　13.e　14.d　15.c　16.b　17.f　18.a 1.ruin n.&vt. 破坏;毁坏　vt. 糟蹋　n. [U] 毁灭;破产→ruins n. (pl.) 残垣断壁;废墟→ruined adj. 毁坏了的,严重受损的 2.flood n. 洪水;大量　vi. 淹没;大量涌入　vt. 使灌满水;淹没→flooded adj. 洪水泛滥的→flooding n. 水灾;洪水泛滥 3.destroy vt. 摧毁;毁灭→destruction n. 毁坏;毁灭→destructive adj. 破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroyed/destroyed/destroying (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 4.death n. 死;死亡→die vi. 死;死亡→dead adj. 死的;无生命的→deadly adj. 致命的,致死的　adv. 极其;非常→dying adj. 垂死的;临终的 5.affect vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affection n. 喜爱;钟爱→unaffected　adj. 未被改变的;未受影响的 6.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克　vt. (使)震惊→shocked adj. 感到震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shockingly adv. 惊人地;非常地;极坏地 7.breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathing n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的→breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地→breathtaking adj. 激动人心的;令人赞叹的 8.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力→effortless adj. 不需费力的;容易的→effortlessly adv. 轻松地;毫不费劲地 9.wisdom n. 智慧;才智→wise adj. 充满智慧的;明智的→(反) unwise adj. 愚蠢的;不明智的;轻率的→wisely adv. 明智地 10.suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;变差→suffering n. 痛苦;苦难→sufferer n. 患病者;受苦者;受难者 11.erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n. 爆发;喷发 12.survive vi. 生存;存活　vt. 幸存;艰难度过;比……活得长→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者→survival n. 生存;幸存;幸存事物→surviving adj. 幸存的;残存的;依然健在的 13.power n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 (生义)vt. 驱动,推动→powerful adj. 强大的;强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的→(反) powerless adj. 无力的;没有能力的;无权力的→powered adj. 由……驱动的;电动的 14.calm adj. 镇静的;沉着的;平静的　vt. 使平静;使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地;平静地→calmness n. 镇静 15.deliver vt.&vi. 递送;传达 (生义)履行诺言　vt. 发表;助产;接生→delivery n. 递送;传达 (生义)演讲方式;表演风格 16.strike vi.&vt. 侵袭;突击;击打;敲响;报时;擦火柴　vt. 给……以印象;使想到/意识到　vi. 罢工　n. 罢工;罢课;袭击→striking　adj. 引人注目的;异乎寻常的;显著的→stricken adj. 受灾的;受……袭击的→struck/struck/striking (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 17.effect n. 影响;结果;效果→effective adj. 有效的;生效的→(反) ineffective adj. 无效的→effectiveness n. 有效性 18.length n. 长;长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen vt.&vi. (使)变长;(使)延长→lengthy adj. 漫长的;冗长的 动词短语 1.______________ 消灭;彻底消除 2.______________ 吹走;刮走 3.______________ 倒塌 4.______________ 挖出 5.______________ 穿过;贯穿;抄近路 6.______________ 结束 7.______________ 远离 8.______________ 经历;仔细检查 9.______________ 达到特定水平(或数量、高度等) 10.______________ 站起来 11.______________ 执行;贯彻实施 介词短语和其他 12.______________ 似乎;好像;仿佛 13.______________ 严重受损;破败不堪 14.______________ 露天;在户外 15.______________ 现有(尤指帮助) 16.______________ 震惊;吃惊 17.______________ 和往常一样 18.______________ ……的数量 答案　1.sweep away　2.blow away　3.fall down　4.dig out　5.cut across　6.come to an end　7.stay away from　8.go through　9.stand at　10.get back up on one’s feet　11.carry out　12.as if　13.in ruins　14.in the open air　15.on hand　16.in shock 17.as usual　18.the number of 1.Chickens and even pigs were ______________, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食,狗也不愿意进到室内去。 2.It seemed as if the world ______________! 仿佛世界末日即将来临! 3.______ survivors looked, there was nothing ______ ruins. 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。 4.Water, food, and electricity ______________. 水、食物和电很难得到。 5.Slowly, the city ______________ again. 慢慢地,这座城市又恢复了生机。 6.I ______ (have) breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然水开始涌入家中。 答案　1.too nervous to eat　2.were coming to an end　3.Everywhere; but　4.were hard to get　5.began to breathe　6.was having 　教考衔接4 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys. But the 　1　 that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes. Never before has a city been so completely 　2　. San Francisco was gone. The factories, the great stores, the hotels, and the houses were all gone.  On Wednesday at 5: 15 am the earthquake 　3　. A moment later, the 　4　 was a fact. Then fires started in factories and houses. Within an hour of the first quake, the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. There was no 　5　 the fires. The 　6　 to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of 　7　 and there was no water in water pipes.  By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city was gone. At that time, I watched the disaster on the bay. Out at sea it was 　8　. No wind came up. Yet from every direction, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once 　9　 in its green hills.  Wednesday night saw the 　10　 of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make 　11　 of some buildings in case of being a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for 　12　 from the fires. Some carried their belongings 　13　 from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing. Somehow this worst of disasters 　14　 the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this 　15　 night.  1.A. flood B. drought C. typhoon D. fire 2.A. damaged B. destroyed C. trapped D. buried 3.A. slid B. erupted C. struck D. crashed 4.A. disaster B. emergency C. effect D. death 5.A. affecting B. stopping C. surviving D. reviving 6.A. firefighters B. audience C. competitors D. suppliers 7.A. block B. medal C. brick D. metal 8.A. shocking B. breathless C. calm D. destructive 9.A. breathed B. stood C. suffered D. lengthened 10.A. wisdom B. power C. eruption D. destruction 11.A. ruins B. cracks C. waves D. kits 12.A. aid B. effort C. shelter D. summary 13.A. rescued B. delivered C. ruined D. swept 14.A. swept away B. brought out C. blew away D. went through 15.A. stressful B. powerful C. striking D. frightening 答案与解析　 本文讲述了旧金山可怕的地震, 地震的破坏程度、地震中严重的火灾和人们灾后的表现。 1.D　由下文的“burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes”和“Then fires started in factories and houses”可知, 此处指火烧光了房子。flood “洪水”; drought “干旱”; typhoon “台风”; fire “火”。 2.B　由空前的completely和空后的“San Francisco was gone”可知, 这个城市从未如此被彻底破坏过。 damage “损害;破坏(可修复)”; destroy “(完全)摧毁;毁灭”; trap “使落入险境;使陷入圈套”; bury “埋葬;安葬”。 3.C　此处指地震来了。slide “(使)滑行;滑动”; erupt “(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出”; strike “侵袭;突击;击打”; crash “碰撞;撞击”。 4.A　下文描述地震中火灾发生,铁路被毁、房屋被毁, 因此此处指灾难。disaster “灾难;灾害”; emergency “突发事件;紧急情况”; effect “影响;结果;效果”; death “死;死亡”。 5.B　由下文的“there was no way to organise or communicate”可知,无法阻止火灾。 affect “影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动”; stop “阻止;阻碍;阻拦;防止”; survive “幸存;艰难度过”; revive “复活;(使)苏醒”。 6.A　由常识可知,被派去灭火的是消防员。firefighter “消防员”; audience “观众”; competitor “竞争者”; supplier “供应者;供货商;供货方”。 7.D　由常识可知,铁路轨道是金属的。block “(方形平面)大块;立方体”; medal “奖章;勋章”; brick “砖;砖块”; metal “金属”。 8.C　由下文的“no wind came up”可知, 海上风平浪静。 shocking “令人震惊的”; breathless “气喘吁吁的”; calm “镇静的;沉着的;平静的”; destructive “破坏(或毁灭)性的”。 9.B　此处指四面八方的风从城市的上空吹过,吹过城市中的人们, 他们的家曾矗立在郁郁葱葱的山上。breathe “呼吸”; stand “矗立”; suffer “受苦”; lengthen “变长;延长”。 10.D　由首段中的“San Francisco was gone.”可知, 周三晚上市中心毁灭了。wisdom “智慧;才智”; power “电力供应;能量;力量;控制力”; eruption “爆发;喷发”; destruction “毁坏;毁灭”。 11.A　人们毁掉建筑物,以免危及街上的人们。此处指人们使建筑物成为废墟。 ruins “残垣断壁;废墟”; crack “裂纹;裂缝”; wave “海浪;波浪”; kit “成套工具;成套设备”。 12.C　失去家园的人们离城寻找避难处。 aid “援助;帮助;救援物资”; effort “努力;艰难的尝试;尽力”; shelter “避难处;居所;庇护”; summary “总结;概括”。 13.A　一些人带着从火中抢出的财物。 rescue “营救;救援”; deliver “递送;传达”; ruin “破坏;毁坏”; sweep “打扫;清扫”。 14.B　由上文的“But there were no fights and no pushing.”可知, 灾难使人们表现出了最好的一面。sweep away “消灭;彻底消除”; bring out “使显现;使表现出”; blow away “吹走;刮走”; go through “经历;仔细检查”。 15.D　上文叙述的是地震目击者眼中的被摧毁的城市, 应该是可怕的一夜。stressful “压力大的”; powerful “强大的;强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的”; striking “显著的;不同寻常的”; frightening “可怕的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$