必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(word讲义) -【赢在微点】2025年高考英语大一轮复习顶层设计高考背重点（人教版2019）

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 主题语境 自然灾害与防范 　提分背案1　单元主题 导图串记 主题大观念 | 从历史的角度了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害,从多角度积极思考,学习和了解相应举措,减轻灾害造成的物质损失和心理创伤。 语言大观念 | 围绕自然灾害,整合相关词汇和表达,进行自然灾害口头新闻报道,完成新闻报道的摘要写作任务。 微语境助记 　 If an earthquake strikes, what can we do to survive? First, stay calm. When the earthquake hits, don’t run downstairs in shock, but shelter yourself under a desk or table, for the damaged stairs can fall down easily. Second, try to save energy. If trapped in ruins, don’t cry for help all the time. You should encourage yourself to hold on. Make sure you keep awake. Besides, do everything in your power to save yourself actively while waiting for rescue. Finally, it is helpful to tap on the pipes to send signals for help. 　提分背案2　单元重点 语境背记 1.flood n. ①洪水　②大量　vi. ③淹没;大量涌入　vt. ④使灌满水;淹没→flooded adj. 洪水泛滥的→flooding n. 水灾;洪水泛滥 1)a flood of ...一大批…… in floods of tears泪如雨下 2)flood in/into/out of大量涌入/蜂拥而出 “情感”名词+flood over sb.某人非常/深感…… flood back涌上心头 3)be flooded with充满/挤满…… ①Sweet memories came ______ (flood) back and Jane was in floods of tears.甜蜜的回忆涌上心头,简哭得像个泪人似的。(续写情感描写) ②A great sense of relief and pride flooded ______ my father.我的父亲深感宽慰和骄傲。(续写情感描写) ③She drew the curtains and the sunlight flooded in.她拉开窗帘,阳光洒了进来。(续写写景) 2.affect vt. ①影响　②(疾病)侵袭　③深深打动→affection n. 喜爱;钟爱→unaffected adj. 未被改变的;未受影响的 1)be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深打动 be affected with ...染上……疾病 2)show/have/feel much/an affection for ... (非常)喜欢……,(非常)喜爱…… 3)have an effect on ...对……有影响 ①______ (affect) by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career.在那些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。(2021·天津卷短文投稿) ②Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the ______ (affect) areas.大量捐款源源不断地涌入受灾地区。(报道) 3.shock vt. ①(使) 震惊　n. ②休克;震惊;令人震惊的事→shocked adj. 感到震惊的→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shockingly adv. 惊人地;非常地;极坏地 1)shock sb.使某人震惊 2)be/come as a shock to sb.让某人非常震惊 in shock吃惊地;震惊地 be frozen with shock惊呆 3)be shocked at sth.对某事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 ①What ______ (shock) us most is that the ocean is becoming severely polluted.最令我们震惊的是,海洋正受到严重污染。(2022·全国甲卷短文) ②She stared at him, frozen ______ shock.她惊呆了,直瞪着他。 ③For a few minutes she stood in shocked silence.有好几分钟,她惊愕地站着,一言不发。 ④“Hagrid!”said Harry, shocked to see Hagrid shaking with grief, great tears leaking down into his beard.“海格!”哈利说。他十分震惊地看到海格因悲哀而颤抖,大颗的眼泪渗进他的胡须。 4.ruin n. & vt. ①破坏;毁坏　vt. ②糟蹋　n. ③[U]毁灭;破产→ruins n. (pl.) 残垣断壁;废墟→ruined adj. 毁坏了的,严重受损的 1)ruin one’s health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 get ruined被破坏/毁坏 2)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 fall into ruin成为废墟;破败不堪 be reduced to ruins沦为废墟 ①You can’t change the past, but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。(续写主旨升华) ②On returning to the town, they were shocked to find their neighborhood ______ ruins.当他们回到镇上时,他们震惊地发现他们家附近成了废墟。(续写情感描写) 5.bury vt. ①埋葬;安葬　②埋藏;掩藏;遮盖 bury ... in ...把……埋到/插入……里;使……沉浸于…… bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面 (doing) sth.埋头于/专心于(做)某事 ①Since she graduated, my mother has buried herself in teaching, receiving high praise.我母亲自毕业以来,全心扑在教学上,获得了高度赞扬。(人物介绍) ②Father paced in, his hands ______ (bury) in his pockets.父亲双手插在口袋里踱步进来。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 6.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力→effortless adj. 不需费力的;容易的→effortlessly adv. 轻松地;毫不费劲地 1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 put one’s effort into (doing) sth.把精力投入到(做)某事中 2)in an effort to do sth.为了做某事 with (an) effort费劲地 without effort轻松地 ①Last Sunday, our school organised a friendly football match between students and teachers, in an effort to enrich our school life.上周日,为丰富我们的校园生活,我校组织了一场师生足球友谊赛。(报道) ②Let’s start now and spare no effort ______ (do) a little bit every minute!让我们从现在开始,每分钟不遗余力地做好点滴!(倡议书) ③______ effort, she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。 ④As long as we don’t give up and make every effort to overcome all the difficulties, we will surely achieve our success finally. 只要我们不放弃,全力以赴克服一切困难,最终我们一定会取得成功。 7.suffer vt. 遭受;蒙受　vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;变差→suffering n. 痛苦;苦难→sufferer n. 患病者;受苦者;受难者 suffer pain/injury/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/受伤/艰难/破坏 suffer defeat/loss/poverty/punishment遭受失败/损失/贫困/惩罚 suffer from the fire/war/flood/a headache/a heart attack遭受火灾/战争/洪水之苦/患头疼/心脏病 ①She found herself suffering from stage fright, her palms sweating and her legs trembling.她发现自己怯场,手心出汗,双腿颤抖。(续写动作细节描写) ②To my shock, he had become seriously ill, ______ (suffer) great pain and discomfort.令我震惊的是,他已病得很重,非常痛苦难受。(2022·浙江卷续写情感描写) ③The experience serves as a reminder: a word of kindness sometimes is a cure for not only physical suffering but also for tough life.这段经历提醒我:一句善意的话有时不仅可以治愈身体上的痛苦,还可以治愈艰难的生活。(续写主旨升华) 8.survive vi. ①生存;存活　vt. ②幸存　③艰难度过　④比……活得长→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者→survival n. 生存;幸存;幸存事物→surviving adj. 幸存的;残存的;依然健在的 1)survive on靠……生存;靠……维持生活 survive sth.幸免于某事;从某事中挺过来,活过来 survive sb.by+时间段　比某人多活…… 2)survive from ... as ...从……作为……留存下来 ①The ancient building survived ______ the Tang Dynasty as a museum.这栋古建筑从唐朝留存至今用作了博物馆。(短文) ②Life isn’t about how to survive storms, but how to dance in the rain.生活不在于如何挺过暴雨,而在于如何在风雨中力求欢乐。(续写主旨升华) power n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 (生义) vt. 驱动;推动→powerful adj. 强大的;强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的→(反) powerless adj. 无力的;没有能力的;无权力的→powered adj. 由……驱动的;电动的 1)the power to do sth.做某事的能力/权力 come to/into power掌权;上台 in power当权;执政 beyond one’s power某人力所不能及的 do all/everything in one’s power to do sth.竭尽全力做某事 be in/within one’s power to do sth.某人有权力/有能力做某事 2)be powered by ...由……提供动力;由……供电 ①If you have any problems, just turn to me. I’ll do everything ______ my power to help you.如果你有什么问题,尽管来找我。我会尽我所能帮助你。(建议信) ②The present situation is only temporary, and it is ______ your power to deal with it.目前这个状况只是暂时的,你有能力解决它。(建议信) ③Gently rubbing the little dog’s ears, Mary got amazed at his power to read her thoughts.玛丽轻揉着小狗的耳朵,对小狗揣摩自己想法的能力颇为吃惊。(续写动作+情感描写) strike vi.& vt. ①侵袭;突击　②击打　③敲响　④报时　⑤擦火柴　vt. ⑥给……以印象　⑦使想到/意识到　vi. ⑧罢工 (struck, struck, striking)　n. ⑨罢工;罢课　⑩袭击→striking adj. 引人注目的;异乎寻常的;显著的→stricken adj. 受灾的;受……袭击的 1)be struck by/with ...被……击中;被……打动 It strikes sb. that ...某人突然想起…… strike ... into one’s heart使某人对……刻骨铭心 strike sb. as (being) ...给某人的印象是…… 2)be/go on strike在/举行罢工 ①______ (strike) by your talent for music, I can hardly wait to invite you to the music festival.我对你的音乐天赋印象深刻,我迫不及待地想邀请你参加音乐节。(邀请信) ②Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart; as a result, ______ strikes me that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心,所以我想我会再次游览泰山。(游记) effect n. 影响;结果;效果→effective adj. 有效的;生效的→(反) ineffective adj. 无效的→effectiveness n. 有效性 have an effect on/upon ...对……有影响 come into effect/take effect生效;起作用 bring/put ... into effect使……生效 be of no effect无效果的 in effect实际上;事实上;有效 side effect副作用 ①During Li Bai’s lifetime, he wrote a great number of excellent poems, all of which have a great effect ______ Chinese culture.李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌,对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。(人物介绍短文) ②Hopefully, my suggestions will soon be put ______ effect to address these problems.为解决这些问题,希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。(建议信) Everywhere ①______ (survive) looked, there was nothing ②______ ruins. Nearly everything in the city ③______ (destroy). About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals ④______ (be) gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn ⑤______ (leaf), but no wind could blow them ⑥______. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe ⑦______ (cross). 答案:①survivors　②but　③was destroyed　④were　⑤leaves　⑥away　⑦to cross 教材优美片段再练背  短语1come to an end 结束 1)in the end最后;终于 at the end of ...在……尽头/末端 by the end of ...到……末为止(常与完成时态连用) make ends meet勉强维持生计;使收支仅能相抵 on end连续地;直立着 2)put an end to .../put/bring ... to an end结束…… 3)end up with ...以……结束 end up as ...最终成为…… end up doing sth.最终做某事 end in ...以……告终 ①After traveling around the world, he ended up ______ (teach) English in Beijing, which came as a shock to us.他在周游世界之后,最后在北京当老师教英语,这着实让我们大吃一惊。(续写情感描写) ②The match ended in disappointment for the captain, Richards.这场比赛的结果令队长理查兹很失望。 ③He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours on end.他是个极好的伙伴,我们可以连续谈上几个小时。 ④Looking back, I would have ended ______ nowhere if I had lost patience and given up halfway. It’s patience that makes a great difference in the end.回想起来,如果我失去耐心,半途而废,我终将一事无成。耐心最终会有很大的不同。(续写主旨升华) 短语2on hand 现有(尤指帮助) at hand在手边;即将到来 by hand手工 (at) first hand亲自 give/lend sb. a hand帮助某人 try one’s hands at (doing) sth.着手尝试(做)某事 lay/get one’s hands on sth.找到/得到某物 hand in hand手拉手 go hand in hand密切相关 on the one hand; on the other hand一方面;另一方面 ①On the one hand, online learning improves the learning efficiency; on the other hand, it also brings about some new problems.一方面,网络学习提高了学习效率;另一方面,它也引起了一些新的问题。(2021·全国乙卷发言稿) ②They walked hand in hand in silence up the path.他们手拉手,默默地沿着小路走去。(续写肢体动作) ③I am always ______ hand to help.我会随时提供帮助。 ④My thoughts quickly travelled back to the task at hand.我的思绪马上飘回到手头的任务上。 句式1主语+be+ too ... to ... ……太……而不能…… Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食,狗也不愿意进到室内去。 1)too+adj./adv. (for sb.)+to do sth.结构,表否定的意义,意为“太……而不能……”,但当too ... to ...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等时,不定式则表肯定意义。 2)adj./adv. enough (for sb.)+to do sth. (对于某人)足够……做某事 ①I am too pleased to help you improve your fitness.我很乐意帮助你提高身体素质。(建议信) ②Too embarrassed ______ (face) my family, I simply called over my shoulder to Dad that I was leaving.我很不好意思面对我的家人,我只是扭头对爸爸说我要走了。(续写情感细节描写) ③Then suddenly, the noise became loud enough ______ (wake) up the dead! Frightening!突然,声音大得能吵醒死人!太可怕了! (续写情感细节描写) 句式2主语+be+形容词+不定式 Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.水、食物和电很难得到。 句型:主语+be+形容词+不定式。 特点:不定式的主动形式表被动。 条件:不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 常用的形容词有difficult、hard、easy、comfortable、pleasant、interesting、exciting等。 *注意:在该结构中,若不定式为不及物动词,其后应加相应的介词。 ①I prefer to live in the countryside where the air is fresh ______ (breathe).我更喜欢住在乡下,那里的空气很新鲜。 ②The breakfast prepared by the twins was delicious to enjoy.双胞胎准备的早餐很好吃。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ③The garden was so fantastic to admire that he was lost in it, not noticing it had got dark.花园景色迷人,他流连忘返,不知不觉天已经黑了。(续写环境描写) 句式3be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事这时(突然)…… I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭,突然水开始涌入家中。 1)在“was/were doing ... when ...”句式中,when用作并列连词,相当于and then或and just at that time。 2)其他结构相似的句式还有: 主语+ was/were about to do ... when ...=主语+ was/were on the point of doing ... when ...正要做……这时…… 主语+had just done ... when ...刚刚做了……,突然…… ①Chet ______ (wipe) down the counter when the front door banged open. 切特正在擦拭柜台,突然前门被撞开了。(续写场景描写) ②They were on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them.他们正要在户外搭起帐篷,这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。(续写情感描写) ③Mother had just woken up ______ she smelt an inviting smell of food.妈妈刚睡醒,就闻到一阵食物诱人的味道。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) 句式4as if/though 引导的从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临! 1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句谓语用陈述语气。 2)如果从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的,从句谓语用虚拟语气。 与现在事实相反:did/were 与过去事实相反:had done 与将来事实相反:would/could ...+do 3)如果as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词。 ①He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying, his eyes wide with excitement.他伸展四肢,好像在飞,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。(续写动作+情感描写) ②David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he tripped within a few kilometers.大卫坚持跑步,好像他已经忘记了他所有的弱点,尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷续写) ③The dolphin emitted delighted squeals that echoed through the ocean, as if ______ (thank) her for granting it the gift of freedom once again.海豚发出欢快的尖叫声,在海洋中回荡,仿佛在感谢她再次给予它自由。(续写情景交融) 答案:1.①flooding　②over　2.①Affected　②affected　3.①shocks　②with　4.②in　5.②buried　6.②to do　③With　7.②suffering　8.①from　9.①in　②within　10.①Struck　②it　11.①on　②into　12.①teaching　④up　13.③on　14.②to face　③to wake　15.①to breathe　16.①was wiping　③when　17.③thanking 　提分背案3　续写素材 场景练背 ——情感细节描写之“恐惧、惊恐”(二) 吓呆 ①root sb. to the spot/rooted to the spot呆立不动; ②freeze with fear/terror/fright/horror吓呆; ③stand/sit frozen with fear站/坐着吓傻了 冒汗 ①sweat with fear吓得直冒汗; ②(palms) sweat (手心)冒汗 发抖、 发软、 发僵 ①shake/tremble with fear吓得发抖;胆战心惊;②(knees) knock in fright (双膝)吓得直打颤; ③knees feel weak双膝发软; ④one’s body be rigid/stiff with fear吓得浑身发僵 毛骨 悚然 ①send a chill down/up sb.’s spine令某人脊背发凉,令某人毛骨悚然; ②a chill deep down in one’s bones毛骨悚然 蜷缩、跳、 呼吸 ①shrink退缩;畏缩;②cower蜷缩;③jump猛地一跳;④make sb. jump吓某人一跳;⑤give a gasp of horror吓得倒吸一口气 用表“恐惧、惊恐”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵 微场景9 | “被鲨鱼追赶”主题下的“恐惧、惊恐” ①______________ (十岁的切特一阵恐惧,无灵主语句), ②________________________________ (他脊背发凉,独立主格). He had been swimming in the water by himself. But he had the idea that someone—or something—was watching him. And then he saw it—a large gray fin, slicing through the water like a knife. What was that? Could it really be a shark? 微场景10 | “冒险”主题下的“恐惧、惊恐” Though ③______________ (我手心在出汗), I tried to swallow my fear. “You can do this, you can do this”, I repeated to myself throughout the long wait. We inched our way up the line and finally reached the end of the line. Our turn was next. It was time to step into the waiting seat and pull the safety bar over my lap. ④______________ (我吓得浑身发僵), and at that moment I knew: I just couldn’t do it. 答案:①A feeling of terror came over ten-year-old Chet　②a chill deep down in his bones　③my palms were sweating　④My body was stiff with fear 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$nullnullnullnullnullnull