精品解析：山东省齐鲁名师联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题

齐鲁名师联盟 2025 届高三年级第一次诊断考试 英 语 满分 150 分 考试用时 120 分钟 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why did the woman stop playing the piano? A. She didn’t really enjoy it. B. She wasn’t very good at it. C. She didn’t have enough time. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I just love the piano. There’s an endless variety of music that can be played on it. W: I really enjoy it too. I used to be really good at piano actually. But I stopped playing in high school because I was so busy. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean? A. She is full. B. She wants some cake. C. She doesn’t like the meal. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Can I offer you another piece of cake? W: Thank you. If I had it, I would burst. It’s nice of you to prepare this meal for me. M: Great. As long as you enjoyed it. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: So, tell me sir, when did you first notice the problem with your leg? I will examine it later. M: I was at a restaurant with my wife and friends about three weeks ago. I suddenly felt a sharp pain. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What time is it? A. 9:30 a. m. B. 10:00 a. m. C. 10:30 a. m. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: George, where have you been? You said nine o’clock. I’ve been waiting here for an hour and a half since then. M: I’m really sorry, Jenny. I set off at eight this morning, and would you believe I’ve been stuck in traffic? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How will the woman probably go to the airport? A. By taxi. B. By train. C. By bus. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Do you know if the last bus has gone? M: I’m afraid it left a couple of minutes ago. W: Oh no! Do you know where I can get a taxi to the airport? M: You can go to the Red Star Square near the railway station. There are usually a few taxis there. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. When was the man called? A. Today. B. Yesterday. C. Two days ago. 7. What is wrong with the man’s mother? A. She is ill. B. She is dead. C. She is injured. 【答案】6. B 7. C 【解析】 【原文】M: I came as soon as I could. W: Did Caroline call you just now? M: No, it was last night, but I didn’t have the car. I’m sorry I wasn’t here to help. W: It’s OK. You missed the drama, but she’s OK now. She’s just a little shaky. M: Poor Mom. I thought she would be dead, the way Caroline explained it to me. W: Oh, no, she’s tough. She didn’t even break any bones. Just a few marks. M: Where did she fall? W: The carpet on the stairs was loose and she went head first. M: Wow. She had a lucky escape. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the man mainly concerned about? A. The green space. B. The number of homes. C. The suburb development. 9. What does the woman say the area was like? A. It was dirty. B. It was crowded. C. It was dangerous. 【答案】8. A 9. A 【解析】 【原文】W: What do you think of the development? M: You’re creating a whole new community. W: We certainly are — 400 homes, 40 shops and two schools. M: Don’t you worry that you’re taking more green space away from the city? W: Look, Mr. Sharples, you must understand that this city needs more affordable housing. M: But surely we have to consider the environment as well. Will you be living here or will you be in a suburb where you can see trees everywhere? W: I’d gladly live in one of these homes. In fact, I’ll let you into a secret. I grew up in this area. M: Really? I didn’t know that. W: Oh yes, and it wasn’t the perfect place you imagine. It was safe and not so crowded, but there was rubbish and dirt everywhere. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What are the speakers watching? A. A movie. B. A stage performance. C. A TV show. 11. What is the man’s job? A. A cook. B. A salesman. C. A musician. 12. What is the woman trying to do? A. Inform the man. B. Encourage the man. C. Consult the man. 【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B 【解析】 【原文】W: What’s the matter? M: That’s it. I give up. W: What do you mean? M: This guy is amazing. I’ve never seen anybody play the guitar on stage like that in person. I might as well stop trying. W: But you’re good as well. M: I’m not in the same league as him. It’s time that I changed my profession and started selling insurance or cooking people’s dinners. W: Don’t be silly. Just use him as inspiration. Be the best you can be. Lots of people like your music and I do. M: Thank you for your faith. W: Remember, the man who we're watching once couldn’t play the guitar at all. He had to learn and practice to get to this level. M: I bet he practiced every day of his life. W: Have confidence in your ability, and enjoy the show. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why has the picnic been cancelled? A. It has been raining. B. The man has another plan. C. The woman dislikes picnics. 14. What did the man do just now? A. He watched a game. B. He played soccer. C. He did an experiment. 15. How does the woman probably feel about the exhibition? A. Uninterested. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. 16. Which of the following are shown in the exhibition? A. Jewelries. B. Oil paintings. C. Sculptures. 【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 【解析】 【原文】M: I hate to tell you this, but the picnic has been cancelled. W: Because of the rain? M: Yes. W: Did you still play your soccer game? M: Oh sure, we finished it ten minutes ago. It was hard playing in the mud. Everyone was slipping and falling. W: You’re crazy. Um, my lab experiment has also been cancelled, so I don’t have much to do tonight. M: You know, my roommate is an art major. He’s always telling me about the Minneapolis Institute of Art. It’s not far from here, and it’s free. I hear they even have a number of things from China. W: Really? I can’t believe it! M: It’s even more than that. There’s even a separate hall for Chinese collections. W: I wonder what kinds of Chinese collections are shown there. M: My roommate says there are many interesting things like Chinese water paintings, handcrafts, jewelries, and other fascinating stuff. We can go there and look around for a while, and you can tell me all about them. W: That’s great! Let’s go. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the talk mainly about? A. A lecture on success. B. A graduation ceremony. C. A school award ceremony. 18. What kind of school is it? A. A girls’ school. B. A boys’ school. C. A mixed school. 19. Who is quoted in the talk? A. A sportsman. B. A teacher. C. A singer. 20. What does the speaker say is the most important? A. Confidence. B. Success. C. Trying. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】Good evening, gentlemen and boys! Thank you for being here this evening. We’re here to congratulate the top achievers of this year. The boys here have worked hard in order to be a part of this ceremony. Recognition of achievement can make us push ourselves and reach our full potential. The prizewinners are a true representation of everything that we value here at Hampton School. I have every confidence that you young men will be precisely the kind of young people who will make a positive difference to the country and the world. Your success will be built on being true to yourself. You should recognize your problems and doubts as well as your positive qualities. I remember listening to an interview with Andy Murray, one of the top tennis players in the world. After he was defeated in the first round of a tournament by a much lower ranked player, the media went crazy. However, Murray was straightforward and wise. “Nobody died here,” he said, “I only lost a tennis match, nothing more.” We are proud of our prizewinners today. They should be proud of themselves. But let’s be clear, if you link motivation to winning prizes in life, you set yourself up for disappointment. The greatest prize of all is that you can look yourself in the eye and say, “I tried my absolute best.” 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Best Caves in The World Hang Son Doong, Vietnam Natural caves don’t come much larger than Hang Son Doong, close to the border between Laos and Vietnam. This cave possesses the largest cross-section of any known cave on the planet, a vast area that is difficult to describe. Supposedly, a Boeing 747 could fly through without damaging its wings, but that doesn’t really do justice to the vastness of Hang Son Doong. The stalactites (钟乳石) here are pretty massive too, with some reaching up to 80 metres. Waitomo Caves, New Zealand Glowworms (萤火虫) are there as far as the eye can see. Okay, not literally, but the Waitomo Cave system on New Zealand’s North Island is best-known for the fluorescent fauna that light up the walls, giving it the not-particularly-creative but completely acceptable “Glowworm Caves” nickname. They are more accessible than other caves on this list, with rafting and adventure tours available to those looking for something a little more thrilling. Mammoth Cave, the USA If you have certain expectations from somewhere called “Mammoth Cave”, that is entirely understandable. Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the world’s longest known cave system, an incredible 420 miles of underground wonder. That’s twice as long as the next longest, by the way, although it isn’t unusual for the USA to go all out on such things. Reed Flute (芦笛) Cave, China Named after the reeds that grow outside, which are used to make flutes, obviously, the Reed Flute Cave’s walls are covered with inscriptions from centuries gone by—if evidence was needed that people have been paying attention to this place for a long old time. The inside part of the cave is also lit up by multicoloured lights, giving it a real otherworldly theme that adds weight to the nickname. 21. What is special about Hang Son Doong? A. It was once a base of a factory. B. It is the deepest cave in the world. C. It has the highest stalactites in the world. D. It owns the largest cross-section in the world. 22. Which of the following can be much easier to enter? A Hang Son Doong. B. Waitomo Caves. C. Mammoth Cave. D. Reed Flute Cave. 23. Which country probably has the longest cave system in the world? A. Vietnam. B. New Zealand. C. The USA. D. China. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上的几个洞穴：越南的韩松洞，新西兰的怀托摩洞穴，美国的猛犸洞，中国的芦笛洞。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Hang Son Doong, Vietnam”部分内容“This cave possesses the largest cross-section of any known cave on the planet, a vast area that is difficult to describe.(这个洞穴拥有地球上所有已知洞穴中最大的横截面，面积之大难以形容)”可知，韩松洞的特别之处在于其拥有世界上最大的横截面。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Waitomo Caves, New Zealand”部分内容“They are more accessible than other caves on this list, with rafting and adventure tours available to those looking for something a little more thrilling.(它们比这个名单上的其他洞穴更容易进入，对于那些寻找更刺激的东西的人来说，可以进行漂流和冒险之旅)”可知，新西兰的怀托摩洞穴在所列举的洞穴中是更容易进入的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Mammoth Cave, the USA”部分内容“Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the world’s longest known cave system, an incredible 420 miles of underground wonder.(肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴是世界上已知最长的洞穴系统，一个令人难以置信的420英里的地下奇迹)”可知，美国肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴有世界上最长的洞穴系统。故选C项。 B Raised in a fatherless home, my father was extremely tightfisted towards us children. His attitude didn’t soften as I grew into adulthood and drifted away to college. I had to ride the bus whenever I came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, Dad never met me, even in cold weather. If I grumbled (嘟囔), he’d say in his loudest father voice, “That’s what your legs are for!” The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety. That feeling was canceled one spring evening. It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs. I longed for home. When the bus reached a stop, I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home. A row of hedge (篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening, the hedge had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge, moving toward the house. Upon closer observation, I realized it was the top of my father’s head. Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all. On later visits, that spot of gray became my watchtower. I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery. Upon reaching home, I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair. “So! My son, it’s you!” he’d say, his face lengthening into pretended surprise. I replied, “Yes, Dad, it’s me. I’m home.” 24. What did the author think of the two-mile walk home? A. It reflected his value. B. It was the most troublesome. C. It wasn’t ranked number one in his concerns. D. It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers. 25. How did the author feel when he saw the hedge? A. Disappointed. B. Hopeful. C. Frustrated. D. Regretful. 26. Why did the author’s father watch behind the hedge? A. The author often changed routes back home. B. He wanted to help the author build up courage. C. He was really concerned about his son’s safety. D. That was the only way he could express his love. 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Father’s Secret. B. My Childhood Life. C. Terrible Journey Home. D. Riding Bus Alone. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的孩子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. (步行并没有像独自沿着高速公路和乡间小路行走的恐惧那样困扰我。)”可知，步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事情，故选C项。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“A row of hedge (篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. (一排篱笆沿着爬山到我们家的车道。一旦我离开高速公路开始我旅程的最后一圈，我总是松了一口气，因为这意味着我快到家了。)”可知，作者看到树篱时会觉得充满希望，故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all. (然后我知道，每次我回家时，他都站在篱笆后面看着，直到他知道我安全到达。我强忍着眼泪狠狠地咽了口唾沫。毕竟，他确实在乎。)”可知，作者的父亲在树篱后面看着是因为他真的关心儿子的安全，故选C项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者的父亲表面上不关心自己的儿子，实际上会躲在树篱后看着儿子回家，确保孩子的安全，A项“Father’s Secret. (父亲的秘密)”可以概括文章主题，故选A项。 C Do you have a brain for math? New research indicates that levels of two key neurotransmitters (脑神经传递素) — glutamate (谷氨酸) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)can predict mathematical abilities, suggesting brain chemistry may be playing a role in those who find math easy. The new study, published in the journal PLOS Biology, recruited 255 subjects extending a range of six-year olds in primary school to university students. The research focused on glutamate and GABA, known to play a role in brain plasticity (可塑性) and learning. Based on prior research, the focus was on two brain regions linked with mathematical abilities — the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS 顶叶内沟) and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG 脑额中回). The results were interestingly different. In the youngest subjects high GABA levels and low glutamate levels in the left IPS were consistently associated with high math skills. But in the older university group the exact opposite was seen: low GABA and high glutamate were linked with strong mathematical abilities. Levels of both neurotransmitters in the MFG did not associate with math skills. The group was tested twice over 18 months, allowing the researchers to see if these neurotransmitter levels could predict mathematical ability into the future. And it worked, with neurotransmitter levels effectively predicting one’s success on math tests completed a year and a half later. Another recent study from the same research team looked specifically at GABA levels in MFG of 14 to 18 year olds. That research indicated MFG GABA levels could effectively predict whether a student was still studying maths or had ceased that subject years prior. Cohen Kadosh, one of the researchers working on the study, says this may indicate math education can help stimulate the development of key brain regions. Further research will work on whether certain learning interventions can help those children less interested in math so these brain regions still get the developmental workout they need. “Not every adolescent enjoys maths so we need to investigate possible alternatives, such as training in logic and reasoning that engage the same brain area as maths,” says Cohen Kadosh. 28. What is the new study aimed at? A. Exploring mental development of the subjects. B. Finding the tie between brain chemistry and math. C. Testing the link between brain regions. D. Revealing the structure of brain. 29. What can be learned from the findings? A. The levels of GABA decide one’s math skills. B. Low MFG glutamate means poor math ability. C. Neurotransmitters in the MFG affect math skills. D. Math education may help with brain development. 30. What can better math education according to Cohen Kadosh? A. Studying more possible options. B. Tracing slow learners’ early learning. C. Training math learners respectively. D. Developing key relevant brain areas. 31. What can be the best title of the text? A. Factors Affecting Math Skills B. Ways to Promote Math Education C. Brain Activities Involved in Math Study D. Math Ability Predicted by Neurotransmitters 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。数学教育可能有助于大脑发育，同时开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“New research indicates that levels of two key neurotransmitters (脑神经传递素)—glutamate (谷氨酸) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)can predict mathematical abilities, suggesting brain chemistry may be playing a role in those who find math easy. (新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。)”可知，这项新研究的目的是找出大脑化学和数学之间的联系。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Cohen Kadosh, one of the researchers working on the study, says this may indicate math education can help stimulate the development of key brain regions (参与这项研究的研究人员之一Cohen Kadosh表示，这可能表明数学教育有助于刺激大脑关键区域的发育)”可知，从这些发现中可以得知数学教育可能有助于大脑发育。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Further research will work on whether certain learning interventions can help those children less interested in math so these brain regions still get the developmental workout they need. (进一步的研究将着眼于某些学习干预措施是否可以帮助那些对数学不太感兴趣的孩子，使这些大脑区域仍然得到他们需要的发展锻炼)”可知，某些学习干预措施可以使得这些大脑区域得到发展锻炼。因此，Cohen Kadosh认为，开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。故选D。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。数学教育可能有助于大脑发育，同时开发关键的相关大脑区域能更好地进行数学教育。文章第一段讲到“New research indicates that levels of two key neurotransmitters (脑神经传递素)—glutamate (谷氨酸) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)can predict mathematical abilities, suggesting brain chemistry may be playing a role in those who find math easy. (新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)这两种关键神经递质的水平可以预测数学能力，这表明大脑化学可能在那些认为数学容易的人中发挥作用。)”可知，本文的最佳标题是：神经递质预测的数学能力。故选D。 D Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like — but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song. There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explorers the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with. 32. What does the author think of philosophical stories? A. The meaning behind is very obvious. B. They are extremely precise and formal. C. They often cause conflicts among readers. D. They are engaging and inspire critical thinking. 33. Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to paragraph 4? A. Social constructionism. B. Anti-realism. C. Biological realism. D. Literary realism. 34. What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Racial issues caused by skin colors. B. A society view on race and self-image. C. Black people accepted by the white society. D. The origin of sun bathing among white people. 35. What is the best title of the text? A. Stories Made Easy B. Stories to Think with C. Positions in Philosophy D. Nature of Philosophical Writing 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep.(没有什么能像一个好故事那样吸引人的注意力，有一些伟大的哲学故事会让读者感到愉悦和吸引人，而不是让读者昏昏欲睡)”以及第三段“One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with.(这其中最重要的一点是，与形式哲学不同的是，故事并不会把自己的意思挂在明面上——它们需要解释，而且常常表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者纠结)”可知，哲学故事可以使读者有参与感和激发批判性思维。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explorers the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”).(让我们来考虑一下哲学家所称之为种族的形而上学——这是探究种族是否真实的哲学问题。关于这个问题，你可能持有三个主要观点。你可能认为一个人的种族写在他们的基因中(被称为“生物现实主义”)。或者，你可能认为种族是社会上真实存在的，就像星期几或货币一样(“社会建构主义”)。最后，你可能认为种族是虚幻的——它们更像一种魔法精灵而不是星期四或美元(“反现实主义”))”可知，Christmas为一个节日，是社会的共有认知，应属于“社会建构主义”。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While.(一个以社会建构主义观点来探讨种族问题的精彩例子是乔治·斯库勒的小说《不再是黑人》。在这本书中，一位名叫克鲁克曼的黑人科学家发明了一种让黑人在外貌上无法与白人区分的程序。成千上万的非洲裔美国人蜂拥而至克鲁克曼的“黑不再”诊所，并付出辛苦赚来的钱去接受手术。白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是表面上看起来像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比天生如此的白人更白，从而引发了一个晒太阳变黑肤色的潮流，以使自己看起来更白皙)”可知，白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起来像白人的人。在最后一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比那些生来是白人的人更白，这开启了日光浴使皮肤变黑的趋势——使其变黑，以便看起来不那么白。这段是关于种族和自我形象的社会观。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split.(哲学家以枯燥乏味的方式表达自己而臭名昭著。大多数哲学作品的理想是精确、清晰，以及那种不留痕迹的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with.(像这样富有哲理的故事给生活带来了更多的技术作品。它们是用来思考的故事)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考，所以B项“Stories to Think with(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___36___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___37___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”. If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___38___ However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___39___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems. ___40___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result. A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception. C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. 【答案】36. A 37. F 38. G 39. C 40. B 【解析】 【导语】文章是一篇说明文，讲述了自尊的定义，拥有健康自尊的人们的特征和低自尊人群对自身的危害，最后对于如何正确提升自尊给出了建议。 【36题详解】 空格下文“ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.”（有些人即使很能干、很有技能，也可能会发展出低自尊。）这个例子与空格前没有呼应，选项A“Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.”（然而，自尊并不总是根植于现实。）与这个例子存在论点和论据的关系，故选择A。 【37题详解】 这段第一句“People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. ”（有健康自尊的人不需要向别人吹嘘自己。）可见，整一段都在讲健康自尊的人们。再者空格后“They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. ”（他们不羞于分享想法，包括对他人的建设性批评。）可知，选项F的“People with a healthy level of self-esteem ”与整段的指代一致，故选择F。 【38题详解】 根据空格前“When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor.....Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.”(当你停止消极的自我对话时，你就能敞开心扉......继续，直到它变得越来越少，也许甚至是在镜子里的几个尴尬的笑可能会有帮助。)可知，讲述改变低自尊状态的方法，与选项G"With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth."(通过一些练习和坚持，你会赢得这场内在的斗争，看到你的自我价值。),中的练习和坚持这些方法相对应，故选G。 【39题详解】 空格前“professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ”（做心理治疗的专业人员不会通过判断或给予纠正。）可知，这个现象与选项C中指代的this指代一致，专业人员不会判断或者纠正，所以这将鼓励你去放开说。故选择C. 【40题详解】 空格后“It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits”（这需要付出一些努力，但你的整个生活——从你的人际关系到你的身体形象，再到你的工作习惯），可知it 指代与选项B"You have the power to shape a new self-perception(你有能力塑造一种新的自我认知)相一致，可知新的自我认知需要一些努力，但会让你受益颇多。故选择B. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my___41___and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___42___to piece the the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work – a car. By the age of nine, I had ___43___my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm. This early creation sparked my drive for further ___44___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___45___things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___46___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without. As the years passed, my ___47___evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both___48___in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father___49___asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.” It would be a ___50___task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___51___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧). Days ___52___into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose. I rushed to the boy’s home and ___53___the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___54___them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations born out of mere ___55___, would someday make such a difference. 41. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability 42. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled 43. A. equipped B. fashioned C. decorated D. upgraded 44. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration 45. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up 46. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy 47. A. passions B. creations C. thoughts D. inspirations 48. A. arms B. legs C. hands D. fingers 49. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly 50. A. frustrating B. promising C. challenging D. embarrassing 51. A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. took on 52. A. grew B. followed C. turned D. developed 53. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck 54. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop 55. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom 【答案】41. C 42. D 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者天生患有波兰综合症，这种疾病阻碍了他的右臂和肌肉的形成，家长让他用乐高积木制作帮助自己加强灵活性。作者为有需要的男孩制造假肢，没想到自己出于乐趣的创作，有一天会产生如此大的影响。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。我的父母认为玩乐高可以提高我的灵活性，并在我五岁的时候送给我第一个乐高玩具。A. stability稳定性；B. mobility移动；C. flexibility灵活性；D. reliability依赖性。根据“I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者天生右臂肌肉不灵活，玩乐高可以提高灵活性。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我努力把这些部件拼在一起，但最后我制作了我的第一件乐高作品——一辆汽车。A. learned学习；B. attempted尝试；C. managed设法；D. struggled努力。根据“a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles.”可知，作者一开始拼乐高很费力。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：9岁时，我用乐高制作了我的第一个义肢——一个简单的盒子，完美地容纳了我的右臂。A. equipped配备；B. fashioned制作；C. decorated装饰；D. upgraded升级。根据“using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm.”可知，作者用手工制作了一个义肢。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个早期的创作激发了我进一步探索的动力。A. effort努力；B. investment投资；C. application应用；D. exploration探索。根据“I developed another prosthetic arm”可知，作者进一步探索制作义肢。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：几年后，我开发了另一种义肢，叫做MK-1，它有手指、马达、压力传感器和一个能抓取东西的抓取器。A. picking up拿起；B. setting up建立；C. pulling up拔起；D. rolling up卷起。根据“which had fingers”可知，手指可以抓起东西。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在建造它之前，我反对传统的义肢，因为它们太贵了。A. unstable不稳定的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. inconvenient不方便的；D. clumsy笨拙的。根据“only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price.”可知，父母考虑过买传统的义肢给作者，但由于价格过高而气馁。所以，作者得出结论，不需要一个昂贵的义肢。故选B。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着岁月的流逝，我的创作从MK-1发展到更先进和舒适的MK-V。A. passions热情；B. creations创作；C. thoughts想法；D. inspirations 灵感。根据“I developed another prosthetic arm ”以及“Never had I imagined that my creations”可知，作者自己创作义肢。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，一对夫妇带着他们在一次事故中失去了双臂的八岁儿子，在得知我的故事后找到了我。A. arms胳膊；B. legs腿；C. hands手；D. fingers手指。根据“we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son..”可知，这对夫妇的儿子在一次事故中失去了双臂。故选A。 【49题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于缺钱，他们买不起功能良好的义肢。“丹尼尔，”父亲恳切地问，“我们想知道你是否能帮我们的儿子做一套义肢。”A. gratefully感激地；B. desperately绝望地； C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. earnestly恳切地。根据“Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics.”可知，这对夫妇支付不起儿子义肢，恳切问作者能不能帮着做一套。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是一项具有挑战性的任务，但我的回答是“是”。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. promising有前途的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. embarrassing令人尴尬的。根据“we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.”可知，用手工制作义肢是有挑战的。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我毫不迟延地着手这项任务。A. embarked on开始；B. set off出发；C. figured out弄清楚；D. took on呈现。根据“The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧).”可知，作者开始做义肢。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天过去了，几周过去了，男孩定制的假肢终于成型了。A. grew成长；B. followed跟着；C. turned转身；D. developed发展。根据“and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape”可知，几天变成几周过去了，turn into变成。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到男孩的家里，把义肢固定在他身上。A. secured安全；B. placed放置；C. guaranteed确定；D. stuck卡住。根据“ It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose.”可知，作者把义肢固定在那个男孩身上。故选A。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩表达了他的感激之情，然后冲向父母，给他们一个大大的拥抱。A. encounter遇到；B. engrave雕刻；C. engage参与；D. envelop覆盖。根据“The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to.”可知，男孩开心给父母一个拥抱。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有想到，我的创作，仅仅是出于乐趣，有一天会产生如此大的影响。A. awe敬畏；B. dedication奉献；C. fun乐趣；D. boredom无聊。根据“This early creation sparked my drive for further”可知，作者用手工制作义肢一开始是个乐趣。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The English word “garden” gives an entirely wrong idea of the Chinese yuan, for “garden” suggests a lawn and a wide ____56____ (vary) of flowers, altogether too formal and tidy to suit Chinese taste. The Chinese yuan suggests first of all a wild landscape, perhaps better arranged and more artistically ____57____ (plan) than nature, but still a bit of nature itself, with trees, creeks, and flowers. Dotted in this natural landscape are the human structures like pavilions and long winding corridors, so ____58____ (perfect) belonging to the scenery as to become a whole with it. The Chinese garden ____59____ (characterize) by studied disorderliness. There are no even-cut bushes or symmetric (对称的) rows lining avenues. No Chinese house allows an outsider ____60____ (look) through the iron gates, for that would be against the principle of concealment (隐蔽). Facing the gate, we see a small courtyard giving no idea of the expansiveness of space inside, and leading one step by step into newer views, in ____61____ continual series of surprises and astonishments. ____62____ wooden framework supporting most of the weight of the house, windows, doors and walls are not limited to certain locations. The essential idea of interior (室内的) decoration is the beauty of simplicity. Home designs are not something ____63____ (impress) we buy from a first-class firm. ____64____ tells a home from a public building is the personal touch that we give it. It is only when the spirit of leisure and loving care exists ____65____ living at home can become an art and a pleasure. Adaptation from My Country and My People by Lin Yutang 【答案】56. variety 57. planned 58. perfectly 59. is characterized 60. to look 61. a 62. With 63. impressive 64. What 65. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章选自林语堂的《吾国与吾民》，主要从与西方园林的不同之处入手，介绍了中国园林的特色、风格和蕴含的精神。 【56题详解】 考查名词。句意：英文中的“garden”一词对中国的“园”有一个完全错误的理解，因为“garden”指的是草坪和各种各样的花，太过正式和整齐，不符合中国人的品味。根据“a wide”和“of”可知，此处用固定短语a wide variety of，意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的“园”首先让人联想到一种野生的景观，也许比自然布置得更好，规划得更有艺术感，但仍然有一点自然本身，有树木、小溪和鲜花。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语，动词plan“规划”和前文名词landscape逻辑上是被动关系，应用plan的过去分词和arranged并列作后置定语。故填planned。 【58题详解】 考查副词。句意：亭台楼阁、蜿蜒的长廊等人文建筑点缀在自然景观中，与自然景观浑然一体。修饰belonging应用副词perfectly“完美地，极佳地”。故填perfectly。 【59题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国园林特点是刻意营造的无序。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，用一般现在时，characterize“成为……的特征”和主语The Chinese garden之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is characterized。 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：没有哪座中国房子允许外人透过铁门往外看，因为那违反了隐蔽的原则。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事” 是固定短语，应用look的不定式形式，作宾语补足语。故填to look。 【61题详解】 考查冠词。句意：面对大门，我们看到一个小庭院，里面没有宽敞的空间，在一系列的惊喜和惊讶中，引导（我们）一步一步进入新的视野。根据“continual series of”可知，此处用固定短语a series of，意为“一系列的……”，且continual的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 【62题详解】 考查介词。句意：木质框架支撑着房屋的大部分重量，窗户、门和墙壁并不局限于特定的位置。分析句子可知，空处和空后的名词短语wooden framework、现在分词短语supporting most of the weight of the house构成状语，应用介词with构成with的复合结构，说明背景情况。首字母需大写。故填With。 【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：家居设计不是我们从一流公司购买的令人印象深刻的东西。分析句子可知，修饰不定代词something应用其形容词形式impressive“令人印象深刻的”作后置定语。故填impressive。 【64题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：将一个家与一个公共建筑区分开来的是我们赋予它的个人风格。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导，意为“……的事物”。what的首字母需大写。故填What。 【65题详解】 考查强调句型。句意：只有有了悠闲和关怀的精神，居家生活才能成为一种艺术和一种乐趣。分析可知，此处为强调句型“it be+被强调部分+that…”，强调only when引导的条件状语从句。故填that。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，你的朋友 Gabriel 将作为交换生到你的学校进行访问，请你给 Gabriel 写一封邮件表示欢迎，并邀请他参加校庆活动，内容包括： （1）表示欢迎； （2）发出邀请。 注意： （1）写作词数应为 80 个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Gabriel, I am delighted to hear that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Gabriel, I am delighted to hear that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student. I would like to extend a warm welcome to you and invite you to join us in celebrating our school’s anniversary next month. The school anniversary is an important event for us, filled with various activities such as performances, sports competitions, and cultural exhibitions. It will be a great opportunity for you to experience our school spirit and get to know more about our traditions and culture. I look forward to meeting you soon and showing you around our campus. If you have any questions or need any assistance before your arrival, please feel free to reach out to me. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本书面表达属于应用文写作。要求考生写封邮件欢迎交换生Gabriel的到来并邀请他参加校庆活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important →significant 充满：filled with → full of 比赛：competition → match 机会：opportunity → chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The school anniversary is an important event for us, filled with various activities such as performances, sports competitions, and cultural exhibitions. 拓展句：The school anniversary is an important event for us,which is filled with various activities such as performances, sports competitions, and cultural exhibitions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It will be a great opportunity for you to experience our school spirit and get to know more about our traditions and culture.（运用了it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句型） 【高分句型2】If you have any questions or need any assistance before your arrival, please feel free to reach out to me.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 第二节 （满分 25 分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Matthew kept staring at the clock on the classroom wall, the slowly moving second hand seemed to mock his anxiety. He was eager for the physics class to end so that he could make it on time to his painting hobby group. When the bell finally rang, Matthew bolted out of the classroom like a wild horse freed from its reins, grabbing his backpack. As he rounded the corner of the hallway, he accidentally collided with a classmate, scattering his canvas and paints all over the floor. The jumbled paint boxes burst open, mixing the colors into a bizarre patchwork. He quickly apologized, picking up everything while starting to run again, leaving a trail of colorful footprints on the floor. After the painting hobby group session ended, Matthew hurriedly joined the other members of the school band. They had an important performance that day. As expected, Matthew was late again, his body covered in dried colorful paints and sweating profusely. He walked briskly into the backstage, changed into the band’s uniform, but the paint stains were still faintly visible. Unfortunately, Matthew had not prepared his sheet music, so he appeared distracted during the performance, often hitting wrong chords and unable to keep up with the rhythm, disappointing the team. Eventually, after a long day at school, Matthew returned home exhausted. In his bedroom, Matthew sat at his desk, heaving a heavy sigh as he looked at the desk strewn with study books and sheet music. He needed to prepare for the upcoming exams, but he could hardly keep his eyes open. The next thing he remembered was his mother waking him up. He had fallen asleep with his head buried in the desk. As he sat up, his mother gently removed a sheet of music stuck to his cheek. She looked at her son lovingly, smoothing his messy hair. “So,” she began, “how was school today?” Matthew nervously looked at her, taking a deep breath. “Honestly, not too good,” he admitted sheepishly. “I couldn’t focus in class, I bumped into a classmate, and I let the band down. It couldn’t get any worse, right?” “Well,” Matthew’s mother said gently yet seriously, “I think you’re taking on too much.” That night, before going to bed, Matthew realized that things couldn’t go on like this. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 The next day, Matthew set about making changes to his busy schedule. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After Matthew put his new schedule into practice, things began to improve. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The next day, Matthew set about making changes to his busy schedule. He knew he had to prioritize his activities to manage his time better. First, he decided to cut back on the number of days he attended the painting hobby group, limiting it to twice a week instead of daily. He also talked to his band leader about the possibility of scheduling extra practice sessions only on weekends. This would give him more time during weekdays to focus on his studies and prepare for exams. Additionally, Matthew began to wake up an hour earlier each day to review his schoolwork in the quiet morning hours, hoping this would help him stay on top of his academic responsibilities. After Matthew put his new schedule into practice, things began to improve. With a more manageable routine, he found it easier to concentrate in class and keep up with his homework. The reduced frequency of his painting sessions allowed him to enjoy the hobby without feeling rushed, and his artwork even showed signs of improvement due to the extra care and attention he could now afford to give. At band practice, his performance steadily got better as he was no longer distracted or exhausted. The balance he struck between his commitments left him with a sense of accomplishment rather than stress. Matthew’s newfound organization skills gave him the confidence to tackle each day with renewed energy and enthusiasm, proving that sometimes, less truly is more. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了马修在学校同时做着好几项任务，一方面是繁重的学习任务和考试，另一方面是绘画小组和乐队表演，导致他手忙脚乱，分身乏术，各项任务也进展不顺利。后来，在与妈妈交流之后，马修决定改变他繁忙的日程安排，最终获得了良好的结果。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“第二天，马修开始改变他繁忙的日程安排。”可知，第一段可描写马修是如何改变日程安排的。 ②由第二段首句内容“马修把他的新时间表付诸实践后，情况开始好转。”可知，第二段可描写新的日程安排给马修带来的好处。 2.续写线索：马修繁忙的日程安排——应接不暇，手忙脚乱——与妈妈交流——调整日程安排——收获好处——感悟 3词汇激活 行为类 ①知道：know/realize ②缩减：cut back on/shorten/reduce ③和某人交流：talk to sb/talk with sb/communicate with sb 情绪类 ①感到匆忙：feel rushed/feel hurried ②激情：enthusiasm/passion ③筋疲力竭的：exhausted/worn-out 【点睛】[高分句型1]He knew he had to prioritize his activities to manage his time better.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） [高分句型2]At band practice, his performance steadily got better as he was no longer distracted or exhausted.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 齐鲁名师联盟 2025 届高三年级第一次诊断考试 英 语 满分 150 分 考试用时 120 分钟 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why did the woman stop playing the piano? A. She didn’t really enjoy it. B. She wasn’t very good at it. C. She didn’t have enough time. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean? A. She is full. B. She wants some cake. C. She doesn’t like the meal. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C. Husband and wife. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What time is it? A. 9:30 a. m. B. 10:00 a. m. C. 10:30 a. m. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How will the woman probably go to the airport? A. By taxi. B. By train. C. By bus. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. When was the man called? A. Today. B. Yesterday. C. Two days ago. 7. What is wrong with the man’s mother? A. She is ill. B. She is dead. C. She is injured. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the man mainly concerned about? A. The green space. B. The number of homes. C. The suburb development. 9. What does the woman say the area was like? A. It was dirty. B. It was crowded. C. It was dangerous. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What are the speakers watching? A. A movie. B. A stage performance. C. A TV show. 11. What is the man’s job? A. A cook. B. A salesman. C. A musician. 12. What is the woman trying to do? A. Inform the man. B. Encourage the man. C. Consult the man. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why has the picnic been cancelled? A. It has been raining. B. The man has another plan. C The woman dislikes picnics. 14. What did the man do just now? A He watched a game. B. He played soccer. C. He did an experiment. 15. How does the woman probably feel about the exhibition? A. Uninterested. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. 16. Which of the following are shown in the exhibition? A. Jewelries. B. Oil paintings. C. Sculptures. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the talk mainly about? A. A lecture on success. B. A graduation ceremony. C. A school award ceremony. 18. What kind of school is it? A. A girls’ school. B. A boys’ school. C. A mixed school. 19. Who is quoted in the talk? A. A sportsman. B. A teacher. C. A singer. 20. What does the speaker say is the most important? A. Confidence. B. Success. C. Trying. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Best Caves in The World Hang Son Doong, Vietnam Natural caves don’t come much larger than Hang Son Doong, close to the border between Laos and Vietnam. This cave possesses the largest cross-section of any known cave on the planet, a vast area that is difficult to describe. Supposedly, a Boeing 747 could fly through without damaging its wings, but that doesn’t really do justice to the vastness of Hang Son Doong. The stalactites (钟乳石) here are pretty massive too, with some reaching up to 80 metres. Waitomo Caves, New Zealand Glowworms (萤火虫) are there, as far as the eye can see. Okay, not literally, but the Waitomo Cave system on New Zealand’s North Island is best-known for the fluorescent fauna that light up the walls, giving it the not-particularly-creative but completely acceptable “Glowworm Caves” nickname. They are more accessible than other caves on this list, with rafting and adventure tours available to those looking for something a little more thrilling. Mammoth Cave, the USA If you have certain expectations from somewhere called “Mammoth Cave”, that is entirely understandable. Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the world’s longest known cave system, an incredible 420 miles of underground wonder. That’s twice as long as the next longest, by the way, although it isn’t unusual for the USA to go all out on such things. Reed Flute (芦笛) Cave, China Named after the reeds that grow outside, which are used to make flutes, obviously, the Reed Flute Cave’s walls are covered with inscriptions from centuries gone by—if evidence was needed that people have been paying attention to this place for a long old time. The inside part of the cave is also lit up by multicoloured lights, giving it a real otherworldly theme that adds weight to the nickname. 21. What is special about Hang Son Doong? A. It was once a base of a factory. B. It is the deepest cave in the world. C. It has the highest stalactites in the world. D. It owns the largest cross-section in the world. 22. Which of the following can be much easier to enter? A. Hang Son Doong. B. Waitomo Caves. C. Mammoth Cave. D. Reed Flute Cave. 23. Which country probably has the longest cave system in the world? A. Vietnam. B. New Zealand. C. The USA. D. China. B Raised in a fatherless home, my father was extremely tightfisted towards us children. His attitude didn’t soften as I grew into adulthood and drifted away to college. I had to ride the bus whenever I came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, Dad never met me, even in cold weather. If I grumbled (嘟囔), he’d say in his loudest father voice, “That’s what your legs are for!” The walk didn’t bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn’t seem concerned about my safety. That feeling was canceled one spring evening. It had been a particularly difficult week at college after long hours in labs. I longed for home. When the bus reached a stop, I stepped off and dragged my suitcase to begin the long journey home. A row of hedge (篱笆) edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home. On that particular evening, the hedge had just come into view when I saw something gray moving along the top of the hedge, moving toward the house. Upon closer observation, I realized it was the top of my father’s head. Then I knew, each time I’d come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all. On later visits, that spot of gray became my watchtower. I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its secret movement above the greenery. Upon reaching home, I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair. “So! My son, it’s you!” he’d say, his face lengthening into pretended surprise. I replied “Yes, Dad, it’s me. I’m home.” 24. What did the author think of the two-mile walk home? A. It reflected his value. B. It was the most troublesome. C. It wasn’t ranked number one in his concerns. D It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers. 25. How did the author feel when he saw the hedge? A. Disappointed. B. Hopeful. C. Frustrated. D. Regretful. 26. Why did the author’s father watch behind the hedge? A. The author often changed routes back home. B. He wanted to help the author build up courage. C. He was really concerned about his son’s safety. D. That was the only way he could express his love. 27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Father’s Secret. B. My Childhood Life. C. Terrible Journey Home. D. Riding Bus Alone. C Do you have a brain for math? New research indicates that levels of two key neurotransmitters (脑神经传递素) — glutamate (谷氨酸) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)can predict mathematical abilities, suggesting brain chemistry may be playing a role in those who find math easy. The new study, published in the journal PLOS Biology, recruited 255 subjects extending a range of six-year olds in primary school to university students. The research focused on glutamate and GABA, known to play a role in brain plasticity (可塑性) and learning. Based on prior research, the focus was on two brain regions linked with mathematical abilities — the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS 顶叶内沟) and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG 脑额中回). The results were interestingly different. In the youngest subjects high GABA levels and low glutamate levels in the left IPS were consistently associated with high math skills. But in the older university group the exact opposite was seen: low GABA and high glutamate were linked with strong mathematical abilities. Levels of both neurotransmitters in the MFG did not associate with math skills. The group was tested twice over 18 months, allowing the researchers to see if these neurotransmitter levels could predict mathematical ability into the future. And it worked, with neurotransmitter levels effectively predicting one’s success on math tests completed a year and a half later. Another recent study from the same research team looked specifically at GABA levels in MFG of 14 to 18 year olds. That research indicated MFG GABA levels could effectively predict whether a student was still studying maths or had ceased that subject years prior. Cohen Kadosh, one of the researchers working on the study, says this may indicate math education can help stimulate the development of key brain regions. Further research will work on whether certain learning interventions can help those children less interested in math so these brain regions still get the developmental workout they need. “Not every adolescent enjoys maths so we need to investigate possible alternatives, such as training in logic and reasoning that engage the same brain area as maths,” says Cohen Kadosh. 28. What is the new study aimed at? A. Exploring mental development of the subjects. B. Finding the tie between brain chemistry and math. C. Testing the link between brain regions. D. Revealing the structure of brain. 29. What can be learned from the findings? A. The levels of GABA decide one’s math skills. B. Low MFG glutamate means poor math ability. C. Neurotransmitters in the MFG affect math skills. D Math education may help with brain development. 30. What can better math education according to Cohen Kadosh? A. Studying more possible options. B. Tracing slow learners’ early learning. C. Training math learners respectively. D. Developing key relevant brain areas. 31. What can be the best title of the text? A. Factors Affecting Math Skills B. Ways to Promote Math Education C. Brain Activities Involved in Math Study D. Math Ability Predicted by Neurotransmitters D Philosophers have a bad reputation for expressing themselves in a dry and boring way. The ideals for most philosophical writing are precision, clarity, and the sort of conceptual analysis that leaves no hair un-split. There is nothing wrong with clarity, precision, and the like — but this isn’t the only way to do philosophy. Outside academic journals, abstract philosophical ideas are often expressed through literature, cinema, and song. There’s nothing that grabs attention like a good story, and there are some great philosophical stories that delight and engage, rather than putting the reader to sleep. One of the great things about this is that, unlike formal philosophy, which tries to be very clear, stories don’t wear their meanings on their sleeve — they require interpretation, and often express conflicting ideas for the reader to wrestle with. Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explorers the question of whether or not race is real. There are three main positions that you can take on these questions. You might think that a person’s race is written in their genes (a position known as “biological realism”). Or you might think of race as socially real, like days of the week or currencies (“social constructionism”). Finally, you might think that races are unreal — that they’re more like leprechauns (一种魔法精灵) than they are like Thursdays or dollars (“anti-realism”). A great example of a story with social constructionist taking on race is George Schuyler’s novel Black No More. In the book, a Black scientist named Crookman invents a procedure that makes Black people visually indistinguishable from Whites. Thousands of African Americans flock to Crookman’s Black No More clinics and pay him their hard-earned cash to undergo the procedure. White racists can no longer distinguish those people who are “really” White from those who merely appear to be White. In a final episode, Crookman discovers that new Whites are actually a whiter shade of pale than those who were born that way, which kicks off a trend of sunbathing to darken one’s skin-darkening it so as to look more While. Philosophically rich stories like this bring more technical works to life. They are stories to think with. 32. What does the author think of philosophical stories? A. The meaning behind is very obvious. B. They are extremely precise and formal. C. They often cause conflicts among readers. D. They are engaging and inspire critical thinking. 33. Which category might “Christmas” fall into according to paragraph 4? A. Social constructionism. B. Anti-realism. C. Biological realism. D. Literary realism. 34. What is Black No More in paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Racial issues caused by skin colors. B. A society view on race and self-image. C. Black people accepted by the white society. D. The origin of sun bathing among white people. 35. What is the best title of the text? A. Stories Made Easy B. Stories to Think with C. Positions in Philosophy D. Nature of Philosophical Writing 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___36___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth. People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___37___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”. If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___38___ However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___39___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems. ___40___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result. A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though. B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception. C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry. D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes. E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth. F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence. G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I entered this world with Poland syndrome, a disease that prevented the formation of my right arm and muscles. My parents believed playing with Lego could enhance my___41___and gifted me my first kit when I was five. Initially I ___42___to piece the the components together but finally I crafted my first Lego work – a car. By the age of nine, I had ___43___my first prosthetic arm (义肢) using Lego– a simple box that perfectly accommodated my right arm. This early creation sparked my drive for further ___44___. Years later, I developed another prosthetic arm called the MK-1, which had fingers, a motor, a pressure sensor, and a grabber capable of ___45___things. Before constructing it, I was against traditional prosthetics as they were too ___46___. My parents had looked into getting one years earlier, only to be discouraged by the prohibitive price. So, I concluded that I might not need one because I was managing well without. As the years passed, my ___47___evolved from MK-1 to the more advanced and comfortable MK-V. One day, a couple with their eight-year-old son, who lost both___48___in an accident, reached out to me after learning about my story. Short of money, they couldn’t afford well-functioning prosthetics. “Daniel,” the father___49___asked, “we were wondering if you could help build a set of prosthetics for our son.” It would be a ___50___task, but I responded with a “yes”. Without any delay, I ___51___ the task. The subsequent days witnessed how I carefully selected the Lego piece and intricately integrated practical components to enhance its dexterity(灵巧). Days ___52___into weeks, and the boy-customized prosthetics finally took shape. It’s time for them to fulfill their intended purpose. I rushed to the boy’s home and ___53___the prosthetics onto him. They worked! The room erupted with cheers! The boy expressed his gratitude and sprinted to his parents to ___54___them in the biggest hug. Never had I imagined that my creations, born out of mere ___55___, would someday make such a difference. 41. A. stability B. mobility C. flexibility D. reliability 42. A. learned B. attempted C. managed D. struggled 43. A. equipped B. fashioned C. decorated D. upgraded 44. A. effort B. investment C. application D. exploration 45. A. picking up B. setting up C. pulling up D. rolling up 46. A. unstable B. expensive C. inconvenient D. clumsy 47. A. passions B. creations C. thoughts D. inspirations 48. A. arms B. legs C. hands D. fingers 49. A. gratefully B. desperately C. hurriedly D. earnestly 50. A. frustrating B. promising C. challenging D. embarrassing 51. A. embarked on B. set off C. figured out D. took on 52. A. grew B. followed C. turned D. developed 53. A. secured B. placed C. guaranteed D. stuck 54. A. encounter B. engrave C. engage D. envelop 55. A. awe B. dedication C. fun D. boredom 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The English word “garden” gives an entirely wrong idea of the Chinese yuan, for “garden” suggests a lawn and a wide ____56____ (vary) of flowers, altogether too formal and tidy to suit Chinese taste. The Chinese yuan suggests first of all a wild landscape, perhaps better arranged and more artistically ____57____ (plan) than nature, but still a bit of nature itself, with trees, creeks, and flowers. Dotted in this natural landscape are the human structures like pavilions and long winding corridors, so ____58____ (perfect) belonging to the scenery as to become a whole with it. The Chinese garden ____59____ (characterize) by studied disorderliness. There are no even-cut bushes or symmetric (对称的) rows lining avenues. No Chinese house allows an outsider ____60____ (look) through the iron gates, for that would be against the principle of concealment (隐蔽). Facing the gate, we see a small courtyard giving no idea of the expansiveness of space inside, and leading one step by step into newer views, in ____61____ continual series of surprises and astonishments. ____62____ wooden framework supporting most of the weight of the house, windows, doors and walls are not limited to certain locations. The essential idea of interior (室内的) decoration is the beauty of simplicity. Home designs are not something ____63____ (impress) we buy from a first-class firm. ____64____ tells a home from a public building is the personal touch that we give it. It is only when the spirit of leisure and loving care exists ____65____ living at home can become an art and a pleasure. Adaptation from My Country and My People by Lin Yutang 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，你的朋友 Gabriel 将作为交换生到你的学校进行访问，请你给 Gabriel 写一封邮件表示欢迎，并邀请他参加校庆活动，内容包括： （1）表示欢迎； （2）发出邀请。 注意： （1）写作词数应为 80 个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear Gabriel, I am delighted to hear that you will be visiting our school as an exchange student. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分 25 分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Matthew kept staring at the clock on the classroom wall, the slowly moving second hand seemed to mock his anxiety. He was eager for the physics class to end so that he could make it on time to his painting hobby group. When the bell finally rang, Matthew bolted out of the classroom like a wild horse freed from its reins, grabbing his backpack. As he rounded the corner of the hallway, he accidentally collided with a classmate, scattering his canvas and paints all over the floor. The jumbled paint boxes burst open, mixing the colors into a bizarre patchwork. He quickly apologized, picking up everything while starting to run again, leaving a trail of colorful footprints on the floor. After the painting hobby group session ended, Matthew hurriedly joined the other members of the school band. They had an important performance that day. As expected, Matthew was late again, his body covered in dried colorful paints and sweating profusely. He walked briskly into the backstage, changed into the band’s uniform, but the paint stains were still faintly visible. Unfortunately, Matthew had not prepared his sheet music, so he appeared distracted during the performance, often hitting wrong chords and unable to keep up with the rhythm, disappointing the team. Eventually, after a long day at school, Matthew returned home exhausted. In his bedroom, Matthew sat at his desk, heaving a heavy sigh as he looked at the desk strewn with study books and sheet music. He needed to prepare for the upcoming exams, but he could hardly keep his eyes open. The next thing he remembered was his mother waking him up. He had fallen asleep with his head buried in the desk. As he sat up, his mother gently removed a sheet of music stuck to his cheek. She looked at her son lovingly, smoothing his messy hair. “So,” she began, “how was school today?” Matthew nervously looked at her, taking a deep breath. “Honestly, not too good,” he admitted sheepishly. “I couldn’t focus in class, I bumped into a classmate, and I let the band down. It couldn’t get any worse, right?” “Well,” Matthew’s mother said gently yet seriously, “I think you’re taking on too much.” That night, before going to bed, Matthew realized that things couldn’t go on like this. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 The next day, Matthew set about making changes to his busy schedule. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After Matthew put his new schedule into practice, things began to improve. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null