语法精讲专题11 句子成分及简单句基本句型 - 2025届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练

语法精讲专题11 句子成分及简单句基本句型（原卷版） 句子成分及简单句基本句型精讲+习题精练 第一部分 句子成分精讲 1.主语 主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者，是句子陈述的对象，说明是“谁”或“什么”。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句或名词化形容词等充当。 [点拨]　主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后边。 The tea cup was broken by me after class.(名词作主语) Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语) To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(不定式短语作主语) What has happened proves that our policy is right.(从句作主语) It took two workers about three months to build the house.(it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语) 2.谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词、动词短语、系表结构或“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。谓语的构成如下：简单谓语(由一个动词或动词短语构成)和复合谓语(由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的适当形式构成；由连系动词加表语构成)。 He practices running every morning.(动词作谓语) He looked after the two orphans.(动词短语作谓语) You may keep the book for two weeks.(“情态动词＋动词原形”作谓语) He has caught a bad cold.(“助动词＋动词过去分词”作谓语) We are students.(“系动词＋表语”作谓语) 3.宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在及物动词或者介词之后。有时会有双宾语。 [点拨]　不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语， 常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在后边。 I want to play basketball.(不定式短语作宾语) I practise speaking English everyday.(动名词短语作宾语) He told me that he was a teacher before.(从句作宾语) Most of us think it no use fighting against each other.(it作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正的宾语) 4.表语 表语一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、介词短语、副词或表语从句等充当。 The speech is exciting.(分词作表语) His aim is to become an English teacher.(不定式短语作表语) His hobby is playing football.(动名词短语作表语) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语作表语) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(从句作表语) 5.定语 定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语作定语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词作定语) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语作定语) The boy who is talking with the teacher is my brother.(从句作定语) 6.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、伴随等。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首或句中。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式(短语)、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。 I got home，tired and thirsty.(形容词作状语) Without his help，we couldn’t have worked it out.(介词短语作状语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语作状语) They came out of the classroom，talking and laughing.(分词作状语) If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go camping tomorrow.(从句作状语) 7.补语 补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语等充当。 He is made chairman of the club.(名词作主语补足语) We must keep it a secret.(名词作宾语补足语) They painted their boat white.(形容词作宾语补足语) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语作宾语补足语) We saw her playing in the room.(现在分词短语作宾语补足语) I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词作宾语补足语) He found himself in a hospital.(介词短语作宾语补足语) 8.同位语 同位语用于对名词或代词的进一步解释说明，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。 We students should put our heart into study.(名词作同位语) The news that he died shocked us.(同位语从句作同位语) [点拨]　如何区分定语和状语 成分 修饰词不同 被修饰词不同 定语 名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句 名词或代词 状语 副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、状语从句 动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子 判断下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分 ①In ancient times, builders and architects in Beijing relied on five colors to add life to their creations._____________ ②Then red, yellow and blue gradually became the main colors in the Forbidden City._____________ ③Sun Hong, Wang Jing and Ke Yongquan, all educated at the university, spent three years co-directing the film._____________ ④Celebrating Chinese New Year overseas is a completely different experience._____________ ⑤We worked very hard in the weeks to lead up to the event._____________ ⑥Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their heads from windows._____________ 第二部分 简单句基本句型 简单句：在英语中，只含有一个主谓结构，即由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子，叫做简单句。 简单句的六个基本句型结构 简单句的基本句型结构 例句 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) (+状语) (S+V) We must act. A friendly match will take place at the stadium. 2.主语+系动词+表语(+状语) (S +V +P) The boy felt very confident. The teachers are kind and friendly. 3.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语) (S+V+O) I appreciated his kindness. The twins carried the breakfast upstairs. 4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语) (S+V+IO+DO) My mother gave me a big hug. He sent her some flowers. 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 (+状语) (S+V+O+OC) My teacher encourages me to work hard. We must keep our classroom clean. 6. There be +主语+状语 There is an English corner in our school. 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+(状语) 本结构是由“主语+不及物动词”构成，常用来表示主语的动作，该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语。但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 常用的不及物动词, 主谓结构，没有被动语态：arrive, appear, apologize道歉,begin, come, complain抱怨, count/ matter(重要),disappear, die, end, fall, flee(逃跑), fly, laugh, listen, live, look, retire(退休), rise, sit, sleep, smile, stay, stop, succeed, swim, work, play, walk, happen, break out(爆发), come about/arise(发生), take place(发生), belong to(属于), wear out(筋疲力尽), consist of(组成), come into being(形成), go out(出去/灯火熄灭), come out(出版), come up(被提出讨论), take off(起飞), be to blame(受责备)，set out (出发)等，不及物动词没有被动语态。 Every second counts．争分夺秒/分秒必争。 Sweet memories came in my mind. 甜蜜的回忆涌上心头。 You had better arrive a little earlier as the Chinese lay/place/put stress on punctuality. 你最好早点到，因为中国人重视守时。 The music festival will start/begin at 8:00 in the morning, lasting 3 hours. 音乐节将于早上8点开始，持续3个小时。 The competition will take place/be held in our school gym on the morning of July 8th. 比赛将于7月8日下午在我们的学校体育馆举行。 She sat quietly, content to watch him working. 她安静地坐在，心满意足地看他干活。(读后续写情感描写) I nodded firmly, knowing kindness and friendship bloom in both of our heart. 我坚定地点了点头，知道善良和友谊之花在我们的心头盛开。(友情感悟主题句) As the twins looked around themselves in disappointment, their father appeared. (2021新高考I卷) 当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。 2. 主语+系动词+表语(+状语) 本结构是主语+系动词+表语(+状语)，主要用以说明主语的身份，特征，类属，状态等。表语由名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或表语从句充当。 常见的系动词 The park looks attractive in spring. 春天公园看起来很美。 His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。 His advice proved (to be) valuable. 他的建议证明是有益的。 Working is the most beautiful. 劳动最美。 I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation。 我很震惊，说话声音很低，有点犹豫。 At the sight of the gift you sent me, I felt delighted and moved. 看到你送给我的礼物，我感到既高兴又感动。 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our news- paper is very popular among us students. 我们报纸上的“外国文化”栏目在我们学生中非常受欢迎。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+(状语) 此结构是由“主语+及物动词+宾语”。其谓语动词是及物动词或及物动词词短语，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。可以有被动结构。宾语是动作的对象, 是主语所做动作的承受者。宾语可以由名词、代词、名词化的形容词、不定式(to do)、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句等。 The experience benefits me a lot. 这次经历让我收益匪浅。 We all have our own strengths and weaknesses. 我们都有自己的优点和缺点。 The father patted their heads, telling them not to worry.父亲拍拍他们的头，告诉他们不用担忧。 As scheduled, we will have a class meeting next Friday.依照计划，我们下周五有一节班会课。 She won (the) first place/prize in the English Speech Competition, making his parents delighted and excited.她在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名，这使她的父母非常高兴。 4. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。如： 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾) 用to的常用动词有：award, bring, give/offer, hand, lend, leave, mail/post, own, pass, pay, promise, recommend, return, sell, send, show, tell, teach, throw, write等。 David gave me a determined look. = David gave a determined look to me. David 给我一个坚定的表情。 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+for+人(间宾) 用介词for的动词有：book, build, buy/purchase,call, change, cook, choose, design, draw/paint, fetch, find, get, make, order, play(演奏),prepare, sing, save, spare等 Tom bought me a nice gift. = Tom bought a nice gift for me. 汤姆给我买了漂亮的礼物。 主+及物动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾) 直接宾语前加介词of的动词有： cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病 convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事 inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某物 They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 有些双宾语动词只能用于“主语+谓语+双宾”这一结构： allow sb. sth. 允许某人做某事; ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事 charge sb. sth. 收某人的钱 cost sb sth. 使某人付出代价; envy sb. sth. 嫉妒某人有某物 forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事 wish sb sth. 祝愿某人某事 They ask her the way. 他们向她问路。 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补(+状语). 在某些及物动词后面, 要用一个“宾语+宾补”才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系, 即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式或过去分词充当。如： 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词 (名词作宾语补足语) His parents named him John. 他的父母给他取名约翰。 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语 keep/consider/find/make +n+介词短语 Whenever you get there, you will always find him at work. 无论你什么时候去那里，你总是发现他在工作。 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词 (形容词作宾语补足语) 常用于此句型的动词有： make sb happy/sad, get sth ready, paint the wall blue, cut sth short, set sb free, drive sb mad, keep his eye open, find sb honest/ find sth. boring, wish sth/sb successful, beat (black and blue), push the door open, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。 The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式 (不定式作宾语补足语) 用to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, wish等。 His parents finally persuaded him to make full use of his time to practice Spoken English. 他父母最终说服他利用好时间去练习英语口语。 主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词/过去分词 现在分词做宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词做宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。 Don’t leave the water running while brushing your teeth. 刷牙时不要听任水白流。 6. There be结构 句型“There + be + 主语 +状语/定语/同位语” 构成，用以表达在某处或某时“存在”某人某物。 There is a computer in my office. 办公室里有一台电脑。 There are many flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。 There is some water in the cup. 杯子里有一些水。 There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A．主+谓   B．主+系+表   C．主+谓+宾   D．主+谓+宾+宾补   E.主+谓+双宾语 1．After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually tu med into full-on bright green leaves. 2．According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3．For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference. 4．Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5．In 2017, the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6．The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7．In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8．After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9．The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10．In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语法精讲专题11 句子成分及简单句基本句型（解析版） 句子成分及简单句基本句型精讲+习题精练 第一部分 句子成分精讲 1.主语 主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者，是句子陈述的对象，说明是“谁”或“什么”。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句或名词化形容词等充当。 [点拨]　主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后边。 The tea cup was broken by me after class.(名词作主语) Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语) To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.(不定式短语作主语) What has happened proves that our policy is right.(从句作主语) It took two workers about three months to build the house.(it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语) 2.谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词、动词短语、系表结构或“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。谓语的构成如下：简单谓语(由一个动词或动词短语构成)和复合谓语(由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的适当形式构成；由连系动词加表语构成)。 He practices running every morning.(动词作谓语) He looked after the two orphans.(动词短语作谓语) You may keep the book for two weeks.(“情态动词＋动词原形”作谓语) He has caught a bad cold.(“助动词＋动词过去分词”作谓语) We are students.(“系动词＋表语”作谓语) 3.宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在及物动词或者介词之后。有时会有双宾语。 [点拨]　不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语， 常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在后边。 I want to play basketball.(不定式短语作宾语) I practise speaking English everyday.(动名词短语作宾语) He told me that he was a teacher before.(从句作宾语) Most of us think it no use fighting against each other.(it作形式宾语，动名词短语作真正的宾语) 4.表语 表语一般位于系动词(如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等)之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、介词短语、副词或表语从句等充当。 The speech is exciting.(分词作表语) His aim is to become an English teacher.(不定式短语作表语) His hobby is playing football.(动名词短语作表语) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语作表语) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(从句作表语) 5.定语 定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语作定语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词作定语) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语作定语) The boy who is talking with the teacher is my brother.(从句作定语) 6.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、伴随等。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首或句中。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式(短语)、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。 I got home，tired and thirsty.(形容词作状语) Without his help，we couldn’t have worked it out.(介词短语作状语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语作状语) They came out of the classroom，talking and laughing.(分词作状语) If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go camping tomorrow.(从句作状语) 7.补语 补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语等充当。 He is made chairman of the club.(名词作主语补足语) We must keep it a secret.(名词作宾语补足语) They painted their boat white.(形容词作宾语补足语) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语作宾语补足语) We saw her playing in the room.(现在分词短语作宾语补足语) I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词作宾语补足语) He found himself in a hospital.(介词短语作宾语补足语) 8.同位语 同位语用于对名词或代词的进一步解释说明，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。 We students should put our heart into study.(名词作同位语) The news that he died shocked us.(同位语从句作同位语) [点拨]　如何区分定语和状语 成分 修饰词不同 被修饰词不同 定语 名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式短语、现在分词、过去分词、定语从句 名词或代词 状语 副词、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、状语从句 动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子 判断下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分 ①In ancient times, builders and architects in Beijing relied on five colors to add life to their creations._____________ ②Then red, yellow and blue gradually became the main colors in the Forbidden City._____________ ③Sun Hong, Wang Jing and Ke Yongquan, all educated at the university, spent three years co-directing the film._____________ ④Celebrating Chinese New Year overseas is a completely different experience._____________ ⑤We worked very hard in the weeks to lead up to the event._____________ ⑥Old folks and their grandchildren stuck out their heads from windows._____________ 答案 定语，表语，定语，主语，状语，宾语 第二部分 简单句基本句型 简单句：在英语中，只含有一个主谓结构，即由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子，叫做简单句。 简单句的六个基本句型结构 简单句的基本句型结构 例句 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) (+状语) (S+V) We must act. A friendly match will take place at the stadium. 2.主语+系动词+表语(+状语) (S +V +P) The boy felt very confident. The teachers are kind and friendly. 3.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语) (S+V+O) I appreciated his kindness. The twins carried the breakfast upstairs. 4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语) (S+V+IO+DO) My mother gave me a big hug. He sent her some flowers. 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 (+状语) (S+V+O+OC) My teacher encourages me to work hard. We must keep our classroom clean. 6. There be +主语+状语 There is an English corner in our school. 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+(状语) 本结构是由“主语+不及物动词”构成，常用来表示主语的动作，该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，不能直接加宾语。但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。后面可以跟副词、不定式、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 常用的不及物动词, 主谓结构，没有被动语态：arrive, appear, apologize道歉,begin, come, complain抱怨, count/ matter(重要),disappear, die, end, fall, flee(逃跑), fly, laugh, listen, live, look, retire(退休), rise, sit, sleep, smile, stay, stop, succeed, swim, work, play, walk, happen, break out(爆发), come about/arise(发生), take place(发生), belong to(属于), wear out(筋疲力尽), consist of(组成), come into being(形成), go out(出去/灯火熄灭), come out(出版), come up(被提出讨论), take off(起飞), be to blame(受责备)，set out (出发)等，不及物动词没有被动语态。 Every second counts．争分夺秒/分秒必争。 Sweet memories came in my mind. 甜蜜的回忆涌上心头。 You had better arrive a little earlier as the Chinese lay/place/put stress on punctuality. 你最好早点到，因为中国人重视守时。 The music festival will start/begin at 8:00 in the morning, lasting 3 hours. 音乐节将于早上8点开始，持续3个小时。 The competition will take place/be held in our school gym on the morning of July 8th. 比赛将于7月8日下午在我们的学校体育馆举行。 She sat quietly, content to watch him working. 她安静地坐在，心满意足地看他干活。(读后续写情感描写) I nodded firmly, knowing kindness and friendship bloom in both of our heart. 我坚定地点了点头，知道善良和友谊之花在我们的心头盛开。(友情感悟主题句) As the twins looked around themselves in disappointment, their father appeared. (2021新高考I卷) 当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。 2. 主语+系动词+表语(+状语) 本结构是主语+系动词+表语(+状语)，主要用以说明主语的身份，特征，类属，状态等。表语由名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语或表语从句充当。 常见的系动词 The park looks attractive in spring. 春天公园看起来很美。 His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。 His advice proved (to be) valuable. 他的建议证明是有益的。 Working is the most beautiful. 劳动最美。 I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation。 我很震惊，说话声音很低，有点犹豫。 At the sight of the gift you sent me, I felt delighted and moved. 看到你送给我的礼物，我感到既高兴又感动。 The “Foreign Cultures” section in our news- paper is very popular among us students. 我们报纸上的“外国文化”栏目在我们学生中非常受欢迎。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+(状语) 此结构是由“主语+及物动词+宾语”。其谓语动词是及物动词或及物动词词短语，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。可以有被动结构。宾语是动作的对象, 是主语所做动作的承受者。宾语可以由名词、代词、名词化的形容词、不定式(to do)、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句等。 The experience benefits me a lot. 这次经历让我收益匪浅。 We all have our own strengths and weaknesses. 我们都有自己的优点和缺点。 The father patted their heads, telling them not to worry.父亲拍拍他们的头，告诉他们不用担忧。 As scheduled, we will have a class meeting next Friday.依照计划，我们下周五有一节班会课。 She won (the) first place/prize in the English Speech Competition, making his parents delighted and excited.她在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名，这使她的父母非常高兴。 4. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for。如： 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾) 用to的常用动词有：award, bring, give/offer, hand, lend, leave, mail/post, own, pass, pay, promise, recommend, return, sell, send, show, tell, teach, throw, write等。 David gave me a determined look. = David gave a determined look to me. David 给我一个坚定的表情。 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+for+人(间宾) 用介词for的动词有：book, build, buy/purchase,call, change, cook, choose, design, draw/paint, fetch, find, get, make, order, play(演奏),prepare, sing, save, spare等 Tom bought me a nice gift. = Tom bought a nice gift for me. 汤姆给我买了漂亮的礼物。 主+及物动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾) 直接宾语前加介词of的动词有： cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病 convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事 inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某物 They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。 有些双宾语动词只能用于“主语+谓语+双宾”这一结构： allow sb. sth. 允许某人做某事; ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事 charge sb. sth. 收某人的钱 cost sb sth. 使某人付出代价; envy sb. sth. 嫉妒某人有某物 forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事 wish sb sth. 祝愿某人某事 They ask her the way. 他们向她问路。 5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补(+状语). 在某些及物动词后面, 要用一个“宾语+宾补”才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系, 即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、v-ing形式或过去分词充当。如： 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词 (名词作宾语补足语) His parents named him John. 他的父母给他取名约翰。 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语 keep/consider/find/make +n+介词短语 Whenever you get there, you will always find him at work. 无论你什么时候去那里，你总是发现他在工作。 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词 (形容词作宾语补足语) 常用于此句型的动词有： make sb happy/sad, get sth ready, paint the wall blue, cut sth short, set sb free, drive sb mad, keep his eye open, find sb honest/ find sth. boring, wish sth/sb successful, beat (black and blue), push the door open, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。 The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式 (不定式作宾语补足语) 用to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, wish等。 His parents finally persuaded him to make full use of his time to practice Spoken English. 他父母最终说服他利用好时间去练习英语口语。 主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词/过去分词 现在分词做宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词做宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。 Don’t leave the water running while brushing your teeth. 刷牙时不要听任水白流。 6. There be结构 句型“There + be + 主语 +状语/定语/同位语” 构成，用以表达在某处或某时“存在”某人某物。 There is a computer in my office. 办公室里有一台电脑。 There are many flowers in the park. 公园里有许多花。 There is some water in the cup. 杯子里有一些水。 There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。 判断以下句子的主干部分属于哪一种结构 A．主+谓   B．主+系+表   C．主+谓+宾   D．主+谓+宾+宾补   E.主+谓+双宾语 1．After about a month, I noticed some tiny green shoots coming out of the cut branches which eventually tu med into full-on bright green leaves. 2．According to a recent study led by Daniel Arely, a professor of psychology at Harvard University, Braden has ADHD, a type of attention disorder, which, she says, makes her “likely to put things in certain places and not remember where I put them.” 3．For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference. 4．Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude make it a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth. 5．In 2017, the Ramon Crater, located in the Negev Desert in Israel, became the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East. 6．The sun was shining in Utrecht, the Netherlands, when my friend Rini and I set off for England by car. 7．In 1916, two girls of we alt by families best friends from Au bum, N.Y. —Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to tea china one-room schoolhouse. 8．After we went into a different organization, which had been introduced by our teacher, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. 9．The moment we felt ready to die, the man, Clifford Harker, coming with his dog, told us he owned the farm we had passed and he would leave the way to his farmhouse. 10．In general, Broaders advise parents and other adults to try to be aware of their hands when questioning a child about an event. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．E 9．E 10．D 【解析】1．考查句子结构。句意：大约一个月后，我注意到一些绿色的小芽从剪下来的树枝上长出来，最终变成了明亮的绿色叶子。分析可知，句子主干主语为I，noticed为谓语，some tiny green shoots为宾语，coming out of the cut branches为宾补。故选D。 2．考查句子结构。句意：根据哈佛大学心理学教授丹尼尔·阿雷里最近领导的一项研究，布雷登患有注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD），这是一种注意力障碍，她说，这让她“有可能把东西放在某些地方，却不记得我把它们放在哪里了。”分析可知，句子主干主语为Braden；has为谓语，ADHD为宾语，故选C。 3．考查句子结构。句意：对于李教授来说，这本书不仅记录了一千多年前的自然景观，而且详细描述了人文和文化，是今天参考的宝藏。分析可知，句子主干主语为the book，is为系动词，后文not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference为表语。故选B。 4．考查句子结构。句意：清澈的夜空和高海拔使它成为地球南半部的自然、教育和天文遗产。分析可知，句子主干主语为Its crystal-clear night skies and high altitude；make为谓语，it为宾语，a natural, educational and astronomical heritage site in the southern half of the earth为宾补，故选D。 5．考查句子结构。句意：2017年，位于以色列内盖夫沙漠的拉蒙陨石坑成为中东第一个指定的黑暗天空公园。分析可知，句子主干主语为the Ramon Crater；became为系动词，the first designated dark sky park in the Middle East为表语，故选B。 6．考查句子结构。句意：当我和朋友里尼开车去英国的时候，荷兰的乌得勒支阳光灿烂。分析可知，句子主干主语为The sun；was shining为谓语，故选A。 7．考查句子结构。句意：1916年，我们家最好的朋友——多萝西·伍德拉夫和罗莎蒙德·安德伍德——从纽约奥布姆来到落基山脉的一个定居点，住在一间只有一间教室的茶具校舍。分析可知，句子主干主语为Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood，traveled为谓语，a settlement为宾语，故选C。 8．考查句子结构。句意：在我们进入一个由老师介绍的不同的组织后，一位OIC代表给了我们一些细节，这让我有点感兴趣。分析可知，句子主干主语为an OIC representative；gave为谓语，us为间接宾语，some details为直接宾语，故选E。 9．考查句子结构。句意：就在我们觉得快要死了的那一刻，克利福德·哈克带着他的狗走过来，告诉我们我们经过的那个农场是他的，他会离开去他的农舍的路。分析可知，句子主干主语为the man，told为谓语，us为间接宾语，he owned the farm为直接宾语，故选E。 10．考查句子结构。句意：总的来说，布罗德斯建议父母和其他成年人在询问孩子关于某件事的问题时，尽量注意自己的手。分析可知，句子主干主语为Broaders，advise为谓语；parents and other adults为宾语，to try to be aware of their hands为宾补。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$