专题2.3 介词（重温高考 + 考点精析 + 易错点聚焦 + 考点集训）-2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】

专题2.3 介 词 2025届高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】 目录 contents 1. 重温2020-2024年高考真题 2. 考点精析 3. 书面表达中介词易错点聚焦 4. 考点集训 考向 1 常见介词的考查 考向 2 短语搭配中的介词 介词的句法功能 介词的核心考点 介词的基本用法 固定搭配 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(名词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 1.重温高考真题 考向 1 常见介词的考查 单句语法填空 1. (2024年新课标全国I卷) The Glasshouse stands ____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __ (that/which) brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 as 2. (2024·全国甲卷) They wondered out loud. This area, with __ (its) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 for 3. (2023·全国甲卷) She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _____ saving their environment. 【解析】考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 for 4. (2023·全国新课标卷II) And who do they speak English ______? 【解析】考查介词。句意：那他们和谁说英语呢？根据句子意思判断，他们和谁用英语交流。故填with。 with 5. (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. 【解析】考查介词。这里指通往皇宫的狭窄的胡同。通往什么地方，常用介词to。故填to。 to . 6. (2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers _______ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【解析】考查介词。9月20日，他从西安飞行了4,700公里到达喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。表示“从……到……”，要用from...to...。故填from。 from 7. (2021·全国甲卷) It was built originally to protect the city _____ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【解析】考查介词。句意：它原本是为了保护唐朝的城市，现在已经完全恢复。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。故填in。 in 8. (2020·全国新高考I卷) Museums must compete _____ people’s spare time and money with other amusements. 【解析】考查介词。句意：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。这里意为“为......而竞争”。此题很容易误填in，把它当成是固定搭配in one’s spare time。故用for。 for 9. (2019·浙江卷) The answer _____ this question is not clear. 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/ answer to…..这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填 to。 to 10. (2018·浙江卷) If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home _____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词 for，故填 for。 for 11. (2017·全国I) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) ____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【解析】考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词 as。 as 12. (2017·全国Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture. 【解析】考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词 in。a degree in engineering or architecture 工程学或建筑学学位。故填in。 in 13. (全国Ⅲ) Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _____ their hands. 【解析】考查介词。with one’s hands 是固定搭配，意为“用某人的手”。介词 with 意为“用”。故填with。 with 14. (全国I ) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ____ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city. 【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“驱车只有一个小时的路程”。“by+交通工具名词”表示乘坐交通工具。故填by。 by 15. (广东) One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living ________ the cow. 【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson一家就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下谋生。 故填 without。 without 1. (2024年新课标全国II卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways  Romeo and Juliet.” 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 to 考向 2 短语搭配中的介词 单句语法填空 2. (2023·全国卷I) There you will find them prepared differently-- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _____ hand rather than rolled. 【解析】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 by 3. (2022·全国卷I) Giant pandas also serve _____ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 as 4. (2022·全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【解析】考查介词。此处be named by表示“由……命名”。根据前面的被动语态was named可知，此处填介词by表被动。 by 5. (2021·全国乙卷) Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【解析】考查介词。various types of...意为“各种各样的……”。故填of。 of 6. (2019·全国I卷) Modern methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 【解析】考查介词。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 modern methods 的定语，用 of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。 of/for 7. (2019·全国III 卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ____ dogs, seven to be exact. 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们首先受到一群狗叫声的欢迎，准确地说是七只。“a pack of”是固定词组，意为“一群”。故填 of。 of 8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I was searching _____ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地的大猩猩。故填for。 for 9. (2017·全国II) It (the first underground passenger railway) ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _____ work. 【解析】考查介词短语搭配。travel to and from work意为“上下班”。故填from。 from 10. (全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back _____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s. 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。句意：但是我和熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪80年代中期我在一个电视节目中的日子。go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。 to 11. (全国Ⅱ) Most of us are more focused _____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。句意：我们中的很多人早晨的注意力要比一天中晚些 时候的注意力更集中。be focused on 专心于，集中于，为固定 短语。故填on。 on 12. (全国Ⅱ) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ____ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【解析】考查介词短语搭配。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用的介词短语。故填at。 at 13. (新课标全国Ⅱ) When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。此处考查一个固定短语 next to，意为“挨着；在......隔壁”。故填to。 to 2. 考点精析 框架结构图 介词 用法 后加名词、动名词、代词宾格 介词固定搭配 时间介词 in on at 方式介词 with in by 地点介词 不用介词的情况 at in, on, to beneath, over, under, above, below in front of / in the front of / behind between/among over/across/through 介词的句法功能 1.介词在句子中不能单独使用，但可以和名词或代词一起形成“介词+宾语”，构成的介词短语可以在句子中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。 2.介词和动词一样，可以有自己的宾语，其后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词、疑问句 +不定式、wh-从句等。甚至有时介词短语也可以做介词的宾语。 介词的核心考点 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为： 简单介词，如：at, in, for, from, with, on, to, up等； 合成介词，如：within, inside, outside, onto, into, throughout, without等; 短语介词，如：according to, out of, because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of, in addition to, in front of, due to, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to等; 双重介词，如：from behind / above / under / among等； 分词介词，如：considering, including, judging (from/by), provided等 介词的基本用法 介词 基 本 用 法 with ①和……一起；随着…… ②因为…… ③具有/带有……；with 复合结构 at ①表示片刻的时间点(具体的时间点) ②表示“在某处”，指在一个较小的地点，如街上的门牌号等 ③表示产生某种情绪的原因，意为“因为……而……”“一听到/看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，比较大的地方。在某范围内，特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容，要用in ②表时间，后接表时间段的名词短语，指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作 ③表示材料、语言、方式、声音 on ①表示时间，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午 或晚上)或星期几。注意 in the morning 与 on the morning of 1st, May 的区别 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻 ③表示与某一方面内容相关，意为“关于”，相当于about ④与名词或动名词连用，意为“一……就……” from 表示“来自”或“从……时间开始”、“由......产生” 介词 基 本 用 法 across 从事物的表面通过，与介词 on 有关 over ①表示在表面的正上方，与 under 相对 ②表示“从某事物上方越过” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆盖 ④与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用，表示“经过 跨过某一个时间段” beyond ①表示方位，意为“超过，在……较远的一边” ②表示超出理解、信任的范围或能力所及的范围 for ①表示“对于，至于，适合于” ②表示“为了(目的)；支持” through ①表示从事物内部穿过，与介词 in有关 ②表示通过，凭借 against ①表示“反对，反抗，违背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆着(水流、潮流、风等)”或“与……相对抗” 固定搭配 1.介词与名词类 at breakfast 在吃早饭; at home 在家里; at the cinema 在电影院; by accident 偶然; access to 能够进入;能够使用; attitude to/ towards 对……的态度; effect on对……的影响; lack of 缺乏 2. 动词 + 介词类 worry about 为……担忧; talk about谈论; hear about 听说; laugh at 嘲笑; smile at 对……微笑; shout at 对……大喊; knock at敲击; hear from收到……的来信; show off 炫耀; meet with遇 到;遭受; accuse sb of sth. 因某事指控某人; remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 3.介词与形容词 busy with 忙于； good for 对……有好处； pleased with 对...感到满意; interested in对...感兴趣; kind to对…友好 3. 书面表达中介词易错点聚焦 1.句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少 That is the person he just wanted to speak. That is the person he just wanted to speak to. I heard he studied abroad, but didn’t know which country he studied. I heard he studied abroad, but didn’t know which country he studied in. I heard he studied abroad, but didn’t know in which country he studied. I heard he studied abroad, but didn’t know where he studied. (误) (正) (误) (正) (正) (正) 2.因不熟悉介词及介词短语的语法功能和不同搭配而造成的语句混乱、搭配不当等错误 I often come to school take bus, but sometimes I come by my father’s car. I often come to school by bus, but sometimes I come in my father’s car. Nowadays some people are always engaged to their busy job. Nowadays some people are always engaged in their busy job. (误) (正) (误) (正) 3.英汉差异造成的介词错用 He got married with his girl friend, Sarah, last month. He got married to his girl friend, Sarah, last month. He married his girl friend, Sarah, last month. Henrik had a knife wound with the leg in the fighting. Henrik had a knife wound in the leg in the fighting. There are some farmers working hard under the sun. There are some farmers working hard in the sun. (误) (正) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) I drove onto a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend. I drove into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend. China’s New Year is quite different with that of other countries. China’s New Year is quite different from that of other countries. We improve ourselves under the help of our English teacher. We improve ourselves with the help of our English teacher. There are four windows and two doors on the wall of the house. There are four windows and two doors in the wall of the house. (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) (误) (正) Some monkeys are playing happily in the trees. Some monkeys are playing happily on the trees. The hill appeared as a black mass at a distance. The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance. The contents of paragraphs C and D would vary with the poem. The contents of paragraphs C and D would vary from the poem. The contents of paragraphs C and D would vary in the poem. On hearing the good news, the students are very excited. At the good news, the students are very excited. At hearing the good news, the students are very excited. (误) (正) (正) (误) (正) (误) (误) (正) (误) (正) 4.考点集训 1.单句语法填空 1. With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces ________ decoration on a wedding cake. 2. One evening, while discussing these risks at a local pub, we came up with a solution ______ our problems. 3. The town is without electricity and the water supply has been cut _____. 4. Only students ________ more than 30 percent body fat or a body mass index (指数) over 28 can sign up for the course. 5. In China, Teachers’ Day was first celebrated ______ September 10, 1985. for to off with on 6. Since education is _____ great significance, the plan of reforming the current education system has been under discussion for a year. 7. I came here _____ the express purpose of speaking with the manager. 8. Avoiding these features is important ______ defining and maintaining interpersonal relationships. 9. ________ the violence before the elections, reports say that polling was orderly and peaceful. 10. She has published more than 20 books __________ novels, poetry and literary criticism. of with for Despite including Ⅱ.语法填空(介词专练) Britain’s Andy Murray says goodbye ______ the men’s doubles quarterfinal match on Aug 1. Befitting a career stressed ____ heroic comebacks, British tennis legend Andy Murray refused to go quietly ____ retirement. Having announced that Paris would be the last time fans saw him ____ the court, he was on the edge of a first round doubles exit _________ Japan, who had five match points. Murray and partner Dan Evans saved every one and went on to win a thrilling tie-break, cheered on ____ an excited Roland Garros crowd who could scarcely believe what they were seeing. Another Houdini act followed ____ the second round before, Taylor Fritz and Tommy Paul of the United States brought an end ____ the career of Murray, who ____ the age of 37 was beset _____ injury. after by into on against by in to at with III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2021年1月浙江高考) In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a _________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _____________ (consider) healthy.     The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _____ 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _____ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _______ (sharp).     This may be due to some disadvantages for people ______ (live) in the countryside, including _______ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. and that/which person’s is considered by was studied sharply living lower Thank you $$