精品解析：北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2023-2024高二第一学期英语阶段测试 2023. 10 本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时间为70分钟。 1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 2. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。 一、完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Big City Bus Driver When I was 20, I went to stay with a friend for two weeks in Vancouver. My friend worked during the day, so I decided to go ___1___ on my own. I knew where I was and where I wanted to go, the Vancouver Aquarium (温哥华水族馆). It sounded ___2___. But soon I was completely ___3___. I boarded a bus, figuring it must do a circle, right? I rode a good half hour before becoming impatient and then got off. I walked quite a while, up and down various blocks, but had no idea where I was. I’ve lived in a tiny town all my life, rarely leaving it. Being a “small town girl”, I admit I’m fairly ___4___ about city life. People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others, so I was afraid to ___5___ to anyone. I got on another bus, and then another again. Finally, after hours, I decided to get on ONE bus, and stay on until I recognized something. I rode over half an hour. Nothing ever seemed ___6___. When I became the only passenger on the bus, I began to get ___7___. I had no cellphone, and didn’t even know my friend’s office telephone number. As I was about to give up and leave the bus, the driver asked where I wanted to go, I told him the aquarium, and he laughed, saying his bus wouldn’t go anywhere near. I ___8___ back in my seat, really afraid and upset. He asked where I was from, and I told him what had happened and now I just wanted to go back to my friend’s place. ___9___, the driver pulled the bus over and called me to the front. He gave me detailed ____10____ as to which buses to take, and how to understand the bus system. He ____11____ printed the bus tickets I needed from his machine. I was shocked. He spent a good twenty minutes with me, telling me everything I needed to know, before giving me the tickets. I thanked him repeatedly, and asked him how much I ____12____ for the tickets. “Nothing. Just get yourself to your friend’s home.” Thanks to his ____13____, I was able to make my way back to my friend’s house. I don’t know what I would have done if that driver had not taken the ____14____ to help me. What people had told me was not true. City people ____15____, just like the driver. I never did learn his name, but I’ll always remember him. 1. A. marching B. shopping C. cycling D. exploring 2. A. simple B. special C. far D. true 3. A. late B. tired C. alone D. lost 4. A. guilty B. impatient C. ignorant D. serious 5. A. walk B. nod C. talk D. write 6. A. familiar B. interesting C. necessary D. ordinary 7. A. scared B. surprised C. angry D. curious 8. A. looked B. sank C. dropped D. kept 9. A. Obviously B. Amazingly C. Gradually D. Usually 10. A. appointments B. positions C. instructions D. requirements 11. A. only B. ever C. almost D. even 12. A. bought B. owed C. ordered D. charged 13. A. courage B. honesty C. kindness D. trust 14. A. time B. pain C. place D. risk 15. A. serve B. behave C. care D. understand 二、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. 16. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn? A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn. C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different. 17. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official. C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate. 18. How did the summer job benefit the author? A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction. C It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true. B Cooking Meat Poultry Meat and poultry cooked throughout to these temperatures are generally safe to eat. FRESH BEEF Celsius Fahrenheit CURED PORK Rare 60 140* Ham Raw Medium 71 160 (Cook before Well Done 77 170 eating) 71 160 Ground Beef 77 170 Ham, Fully FRESH VEAL 77 170 cooked FRESH LAMB (Heat before Medium 77 170 serving) 60 140 Well Done 82 180 Shoulder FRESH PORK 77 170 (Cook before eating) 70 170 POULTRY GAME Chicken 82-85 180-185 Deer 71-77 160-170 Turkey 82-85 180-185 Rabbit 82-85 180-185 Boneless Duck 82-85 180-185 Turkey Roasts 77-80 170-175 Goose 82-85 180-185 Stuffing *Rare beef is popular, but you should know that cooking it to only 140℉ means some food poisoning organisms may survive. (Inside or outside the bird) 74 165 Bacteria are the one of the main food prisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care. KEEP FOOD HOT High food temperatures (165℉ to 212℉) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140℉ to 165℉. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours. When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply. To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules: ● Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone. ● Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete. ● Cooking frozen food — Allow frozen food more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻). 19 At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest? A. 40℃～60℃. B. 60℉～125℉. C. 40℃～140℃. D. 125℉～140℉. 20. To keep food safe, it is suggested that ________. A. hot food should not be left out over two hours B. frozen food should be thawed with a microwave oven C. raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71℉ D. steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough 21. What can be learned according to the guideline? A. The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough. B. High food temperatures above 74℃ destroy most poisoning bacteria. C. Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures. D. Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature. C Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections. Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more. That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science. “There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.” The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected. To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases. They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed. “Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results… what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.” Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression. Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used. To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory. 22. Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”? A. Their research compared monkeys with humans. B. Their research was based on the historical data. C. They discovered a sort of shadow effect D. They only paid attention to developed nations. 23. According to Mina what is the significance of their research? A. They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases B. They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination. C. They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach. D. They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations. 24. The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. keep away B. survive from C. search for D. turn down 25. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths. B. New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned. C. Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks. D. Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles. D Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs. Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought! Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired. I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone. 26. The author mentions coconuts’ falling to ________. A. show his loneliness B. add beauty to the jungle C. express his love of nature D. stress the absolute silence 27. How does the author feel about the ant? A. He admired its attitude toward work. B. He was amazed at its tireless efforts. C. He showed sympathy for the little ant. D. He was content to have it as a companion. 28. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author would probably ________. A work harder than before B. talk to the man on the horse C. make his way home D. stay in the valley 29. We can learn from the passage that the author ________. A. enjoyed being alone B. had an unforgettable adventure C. missed his busy life in the city D. experienced a world of quietness 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多于选项。 In all our lives we must make choices. You make choices from the time you get out of bed in the morning until you go to sleep at night. What time to get up? What to wear? What to eat? You also make more significant choices when you graduate from high school. ___30___ College? Technical training? No matter the size of the decision, the common thread in all of them is that they involve an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is your next best alternative—your second choice. For example, it’s a Saturday night, and you are trying to decide among going to the movies, hanging out at a friend s house or going to the football game. ___31___ What is your second choice? If it is the football game, then that is your opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is important. When you make a certain choice, it forces you to think more critically about all of the abandoned choices. By recognizing opportunity cost, you can decide whether your decision is worth it. ___32___ As a high school senior, you face several options, including going to college, going to technical school, or going to the work force. If you choose college, the opportunity cost is losing what could have been purchased or saved with the money spent on tuition（学费）, housing, books, etc. for four years. ___33___ You would also lose four years’ worth of income and experience that you could have earned if you had gone straight to work. However it is still the case that college graduates earn more than high school graduates. And the unemployment rate among college graduates is less than that of high school graduates. ___34___ But, like all decisions, it is one that should be arrived at only after looking at the costs—including the opportunity cost一and considering the follow-up question: is it worth it? A. Will you go straight to work? B. What causes opportunity cost? C. But that’s not the end of the costs. D. Suppose you decide to go to the movies. E. If you give up college, what do you lose? F. A perfect example is the decision to go to college. G. For many students, going on to college is a wise decision. 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 第一节（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分） 35. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. (用适当的词填空) 36. Claire had her luggage ______ (check) an hour before her plane left. （用单词适当形式填空） 37. The island, ________ (join) to the mainland by a large bridge, is easy to go to.(所给词的适当形式填空) 38. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _________(do) for me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. The church tower which ________ (build) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. （所给词的适当形式填空） 40. —Are you a native of this town? —I was born in New York, but this is_____________ I grew up. (用适当的词填空) 第二节（共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分） 语法填空 Consuming food can be a pleasurable thing. It is no wonder that we spend so much time preparing and eating food. But what many of us don’t consider is how our emotions ____41____ (affect) by what we eat. For me, it’s the ____42____ (healthy) foods that put a smile on my face — fried chicken, cakes and ice cream. It might seem obvious that bad food ____43____ (usual) makes us happy. But dieticians (营养师) tell us that ____44____ (eat) bad food can also affect our mental state and bring on depression. 四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用方框中词语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词语只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 reject, convince, make sense, used to, get used to, ambition 45. He has changed a great deal, so we’re not as close as we ____________ be. 46. She is an intelligent and ____________ woman who is determined to get on in the world. 47. Her arguments couldn’t ____________ everyone, but changes were made. 48. Don’t worry. You ____________ the weather here soon. 49. It ____________ to save money while you can. 用方框中词语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词语只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 complain, set off, extreme, demand, influence, obsess over 50. This is a highly ____________ book. Almost everyone has read it. 51. She ____________ that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 52. Earthquakes are ____________ difficult to predict, which makes them even more dangerous. 53. I enjoy ____________ fireworks at the Spring Festival. 54. Stop ____________ your hair. It’s fine. 五、书面表达（满分15分） 55. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练，但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括: 1. 介绍同学们的听说训练情况； 2. 希望提供更有效的学习方法; 3. 询问对方的意向。 注意:1. 词数不少于80； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024高二第一学期英语阶段测试 2023. 10 本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时间为70分钟。 1. 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 2. 答题卡上选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答的均不得分。 一、完型填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Big City Bus Driver When I was 20, I went to stay with a friend for two weeks in Vancouver. My friend worked during the day, so I decided to go ___1___ on my own. I knew where I was and where I wanted to go, the Vancouver Aquarium (温哥华水族馆). It sounded ___2___. But soon I was completely ___3___. I boarded a bus, figuring it must do a circle, right? I rode a good half hour before becoming impatient and then got off. I walked quite a while, up and down various blocks, but had no idea where I was. I’ve lived in a tiny town all my life, rarely leaving it. Being a “small town girl”, I admit I’m fairly ___4___ about city life. People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others, so I was afraid to ___5___ to anyone. I got on another bus, and then another again. Finally, after hours, I decided to get on ONE bus, and stay on until I recognized something. I rode over half an hour. Nothing ever seemed ___6___. When I became the only passenger on the bus, I began to get ___7___. I had no cellphone, and didn’t even know my friend’s office telephone number. As I was about to give up and leave the bus, the driver asked where I wanted to go, I told him the aquarium, and he laughed, saying his bus wouldn’t go anywhere near. I ___8___ back in my seat, really afraid and upset. He asked where I was from, and I told him what had happened and now I just wanted to go back to my friend’s place. ___9___, the driver pulled the bus over and called me to the front. He gave me detailed ____10____ as to which buses to take, and how to understand the bus system. He ____11____ printed the bus tickets I needed from his machine. I was shocked. He spent a good twenty minutes with me, telling me everything I needed to know, before giving me the tickets. I thanked him repeatedly, and asked him how much I ____12____ for the tickets. “Nothing. Just get yourself to your friend’s home.” Thanks to his ____13____, I was able to make my way back to my friend’s house. I don’t know what I would have done if that driver had not taken the ____14____ to help me. What people had told me was not true. City people ____15____, just like the driver. I never did learn his name, but I’ll always remember him. 1. A. marching B. shopping C. cycling D. exploring 2. A. simple B. special C. far D. true 3. A. late B. tired C. alone D. lost 4. A. guilty B. impatient C. ignorant D. serious 5. A. walk B. nod C. talk D. write 6. A. familiar B. interesting C. necessary D. ordinary 7. A. scared B. surprised C. angry D. curious 8. A. looked B. sank C. dropped D. kept 9. A. Obviously B. Amazingly C. Gradually D. Usually 10. A. appointments B. positions C. instructions D. requirements 11. A. only B. ever C. almost D. even 12. A. bought B. owed C. ordered D. charged 13. A. courage B. honesty C. kindness D. trust 14. A. time B. pain C. place D. risk 15. A. serve B. behave C. care D. understand 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。来自小城镇的作者自己在城市里迷路，后来善良的公共汽车司机帮忙找回朋友的家。通过这个故事作者改变了对城市人的看法，意识到以前人们告诉他的关于城市人的事实不正确的。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友白天工作，所以我决定自己去探险。A. marching行军；B. shopping购物；C. cycling骑自行车；D. exploring探索。由上文“My friend worked during the day”可知，这里指没有人陪，作者只有一人去“探索”城市。故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听起来很简单。A. simple简单的；B. special特殊的；C. far远的；D. true真实的。由下文“But soon I was completely 　　3　　”可知，这里指作者原本认为去目的地很“简单”，但后来发现并不是。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但很快我就完全迷路了。A. late迟的；B. tired劳累的；C. alone单独的；D. lost迷失的，失去的。由下文“but had no idea where I was”可知，这里指作者“迷失”找不到路了。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个“小镇女孩”，我承认我对城市生活相当无知。A. guilty有罪的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. ignorant无知的；D. serious严重的。由上文“but had no idea where I was”可知，由于作者对城市生活的“无知”导致作者迷路了。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：家里的人总是告诉我，城市人很冷漠，不关心别人，所以我不敢和任何人说话。A. walk走路；B. nod点头；C. talk交谈；D. write写。由上文“People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others”可知，作者被告知城市人很冷漠，所以不敢和他们“交谈”。故选C项。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：似乎什么都不熟悉。A. familiar熟悉的；B. interesting有趣的；C. necessary必要的；D. ordinary平常的。由上文“I decided to get on ONE bus, and stay on until I recognized something”可知，作者决定找一些可认识的标志，可实际上作者没有遇到“熟悉的”东西。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我成为公共汽车上唯一的乘客时，我开始害怕了。A. scared害怕的；B. surprised感到吃惊的；C. angry生气的；D. curious好奇的。由下文“I had no cellphone, and didn’t even know my friend’s office telephone number”和“really afraid and upset”可知，这里指作者开始变得“害怕”了，不知道咋办。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐回座位上，真的很害怕和沮丧。A. looked看；B. sank下沉，坐下；C. dropped下降，减少；D. kept保持。由下文“back in my seat”可知，这里指作者“坐”回到座位上。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，司机把公共汽车停下来，把我叫到前面。A. Obviously明显地；B. Amazingly令人惊讶地；C. Gradually渐渐地；D. Usually通常。由上文“People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others”以及下文“the driver pulled the bus over and called me to the front”可知，司机的举动让作者猝不及防，所以感到“惊讶的”。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我详细的指示，告诉我该坐哪辆公交车，以及如何理解公交系统。A. appointments约定；B. positions位置；C. instructions说明；D. requirements要求。由下文“as to which buses to take, and how to understand the bus system”可知，这里指司机给了作者详细的指示“说明”该怎样乘车。故选C项。 【11题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他甚至从他的机器上打印了我需要的公共汽车票。A. only仅仅；B. ever曾经；C. almost几乎；D. even甚至。由下文“printed the bus tickets I needed from his machine”可知，这里指司机不仅给作者指路，“甚至”还打印出车票。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一再感谢他，并问他就车票我欠他多少钱。A. bought买；B. owed感恩，亏欠；C. ordered命令；D. charged指控，收费。由上文“He 　11　printed the bus tickets I needed from his machine”可知，司机给作者打出票，所以这里指作者因车票“亏欠”司机多少钱。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他的好意，我才得以回到朋友家。A. courage勇气；B. honesty诚实；C. kindness友善；D. trust信任。由上文“He spent a good twenty minutes with me, telling me everything I needed to know, before giving me the tickets”可知，这里指谢谢司机的“友善”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果那个司机没有花时间帮我，我不知道我会怎么做。A. time时间；B. pain疼痛；C. place地方；D. risk冒险。由上文“He spent a good twenty minutes with me, telling me everything I needed to know, before giving me the tickets”可知，这里指司机花“时间”帮助作者。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市人关心，就像司机一样。我从未知道他的名字，但我会永远记住他。A. serve招待，供应；B. behave表现；C. care关心；D. understand明白，理解。由上文“People at home always told me city people were cold and unconcerned about others”以及语境可知，作者通过自身体验发现，城市人并不冷漠，他们还是“关心”其他人的。故选C项。 二、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. 16. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn? A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn. C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different. 17. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official. C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate. 18. How did the summer job benefit the author? A. It strengthened her love for school. B. It helped sharpen her sense of direction. C. It opened her eyes to the real world. D. It made her childhood dream come true. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。故选D。 【17题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。 B Cooking Meat Poultry Meat and poultry cooked throughout to these temperatures are generally safe to eat. FRESH BEEF Celsius Fahrenheit CURED PORK Rare 60 140* Ham, Raw Medium 71 160 (Cook before Well Done 77 170 eating) 71 160 Ground Beef 77 170 Ham, Fully FRESH VEAL 77 170 cooked FRESH LAMB (Heat before Medium 77 170 serving) 60 140 Well Done 82 180 Shoulder FRESH PORK 77 170 (Cook before eating) 70 170 POULTRY GAME Chicken 82-85 180-185 Deer 71-77 160-170 Turkey 82-85 180-185 Rabbit 82-85 180-185 Boneless Duck 82-85 180-185 Turkey Roasts 77-80 170-175 Goose 82-85 180-185 Stuffing *Rare beef is popular, but you should know that cooking it to only 140℉ means some food poisoning organisms may survive. (Inside or outside the bird) 74 165 Bacteria are the one of the main food prisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care. KEEP FOOD HOT High food temperatures (165℉ to 212℉) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140℉ to 165℉. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours. When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply. To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules: ● Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone. ● Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete. ● Cooking frozen food — Allow frozen food more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻). 19. At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest? A. 40℃～60℃. B. 60℉～125℉. C. 40℃～140℃. D. 125℉～140℉. 20. To keep food safe, it is suggested that ________. A. hot food should not be left out over two hours B. frozen food should be thawed with a microwave oven C. raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71℉ D. steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough 21. What can be learned according to the guideline? A. The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough. B. High food temperatures above 74℃ destroy most poisoning bacteria. C. Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures. D. Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature. 【答案】19. B 20. A 21. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。细菌是主要的食物毒素之一，为了让食物安全上桌，我们需要知道并遵守食物处置的一些规则。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一幅图中“DANGER—Rapid growth of bacteria: some will produce toxin.(危险——细菌快速生长：有些细菌会产生毒素)”所对应的温度为60ºF~125ºF，所以在60ºF~125ºF之间细菌生长得最快。故选B项。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章KEEP FOOD HOT下第一段的“So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours. (所以把热的食物放在外面超过2小时是不明智的)”可知，为了保证食物安全，建议热的食物不要放在外面超过两个小时。故选A项。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章KEEP FOOD HOT下第一段的“High food temperatures (165℉ to 212℉) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. (高食物温度(165°F到212°F)达到沸腾，烘烤，煎炸和烘烤会杀死大多数食物中有毒细菌)”可知，摄氏度=(华氏度-32)÷1.8，即73.8ºC 约等于165.2°F，食物温度高于74℃会破坏大多数有毒细菌。故选B项。 C Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections. Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more. That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science. “There may be a long-lasting impact that you can’t undo if your child gets measles,” he said. “I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.” The researchers used what Mina called “an unconventional approach” to search for the long-lasting immune system effects. Previous work in monkeys suggested that monkeys with the disease lost white blood cells their bodies had trained to fight off other illnesses, leaving them more likely to be infected. To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases. They turned to data from England and Wales—developed nations where disease levels are generally low, allowing a less-confused view of measles’ effects. Studying measles incidence and deaths from infectious disease both before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the U.K. in the 1960s, Mina and the team saw a sort of shadow effect, where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed. “Really it didn’t matter what age group, what decade or what country,” said Mina. “They all showed consistent results… what we’re suggesting happens over the long term is that your immune system works fine, but it has forgotten what it previously learned.” Some researchers who were not involved in the work questioned whether the reductions in deaths as measles cases declined may have had more to do with improving nutrition and smaller family size than with prolonged immune suppression. Others thought the paper’s opinion of years-long suppression was seemingly reasonable but said they could not comment on the mathematical models the group used. To know for certain what was behind the effect the group saw, Mina agreed, scientists would need to look at immune cells and observe their behavior. He said he would like to push the work in a more traditional direction: back into the laboratory. 22. Why did Mina call their research method “an unconventional approach”? A. Their research compared monkeys with humans. B. Their research was based on the historical data. C. They discovered a sort of shadow effect D. They only paid attention to developed nations. 23. According to Mina what is the significance of their research? A. They warned people that measles can result in other infectious diseases B. They showed how dangerous measles is and the importance of vaccination. C. They carried out the research on measles in an unconventional approach. D. They found out the disease levels are generally low in developed nations. 24. The underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. keep away B. survive from C. search for D. turn down 25. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage? A. Measles has been the origin of other diseases and deaths. B. New research conducted into measles has been widely questioned. C. Damage caused by measles to the immune system could last several weeks. D. Study points to years-long immune system misfortunes from measles. 【答案】22. B 23. B 24. A 25. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.”（为了测试类似的事情是否会发生在人类身上，该小组挖掘了历史数据，以找出麻疹发病率与其他传染病死亡之间的关系。）可知，米纳称他们的研究方法为“非常规方法”是因为他们的研究是以历史数据为基础的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“That re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination(接种疫苗), said biologist Michael Mina, lead author of a paper that was published in the journal Science.”（这再次强调了疫苗接种的重要性，生物学家迈克尔·米纳(Michael Mina)说，他是发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文的主要作者。）以及第四段中““I hope this study can impress upon people the danger measles poses.””（“我希望这项研究能让人们意识到麻疹带来的危险。”）可知，米纳认为他们的研究展示了麻疹的危险性以及接种疫苗的重要性。故选B项。 【24题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第六段“To test if a similar thing may occur in humans, the group mined historical data to find out the relationship between measles incidence(发病率) and deaths from other infectious diseases.”（为了测试类似的事情是否会发生在人类身上，该小组挖掘了历史数据，以找出麻疹发病率与其他传染病死亡之间的关系。）以及第七段中“where deaths from a variety of non-measles infectious diseases closely tracked measles incidence. The more measles in a population, the more deaths from other illnesses in the 28-month period that followed.”（各种非麻疹传染病的死亡率与麻疹发病率密切相关。人群中麻疹越多，在随后的28个月里死于其他疾病的人数就越多。）可知，研究发现麻疹发病率越高，死于其他传染性疾病的就越多，说明麻疹会削弱人体的免疫机能，让人体不能很好地抵御其他疾病。故可猜测划线短语stave off为“避免”的意思，结合选项A项keep away“使……远离”意思一致。故选A项。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Scientists have known for decades that having measles suppresses(抑制) kids’ immune systems for several weeks or months, leaving them ill-equipped to fight off pneumonia, bronchitis and other infections.”（几十年来，科学家们已经知道，麻疹会抑制孩子的免疫系统数周或数月，使他们无法抵抗肺炎、支气管炎和其他感染。）和第二段“Now a team of researchers has suggested that the measles virus may also leave a longer-lasting sort of “immune-amnesia” that makes it harder for people to stave off other illnesses for two years or more.”（现在，一组研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。）可知，文章主要讲的是研究人员提出，麻疹病毒也可能留下一种更持久的“免疫健忘症”，这使得人们很难在两年或更长时间内避免其他疾病。故文章最好的标题是“研究指出，麻疹会导致免疫系统多年受损”。故选D项。 D Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs. Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought! Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired. I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone. 26. The author mentions coconuts’ falling to ________. A. show his loneliness B. add beauty to the jungle C. express his love of nature D. stress the absolute silence 27. How does the author feel about the ant? A. He admired its attitude toward work. B. He was amazed at its tireless efforts. C. He showed sympathy for the little ant. D. He was content to have it as a companion. 28. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author would probably ________. A. work harder than before B. talk to the man on the horse C. make his way home D. stay in the valley 29. We can learn from the passage that the author ________. A. enjoyed being alone B. had an unforgettable adventure C. missed his busy life in the city D. experienced a world of quietness 【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。讲述了作者在丛林劳动休息期间，看到小蚂蚁辛勤劳作，由此而产生的感悟。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. (一切都静止不动。天上地下一点声音也没有。完整的沉默。只有一些椰子落下来，间隔很长，很远。)”可知，此处为一种写作手法，为了突出树林的寂静，用椰子的掉落去对比。所以作者提到椰子掉落是运用了以动衬静的写作手法。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man. (我不知道能不能把这小家伙的担子抬起来，但它一点也不累，六只腿都在奋力前行，头朝前或头朝后，还精力充沛地挥舞着触角，好像旅程才刚刚开始。谁见过一只疲倦的蚂蚁?疲倦，令人讨厌的疲倦，只有被猎杀的动物、奴隶和现代人才会感到疲倦。)”可知蚂蚁一直奋力前进，也没有觉得疲惫，故推断作者欣赏蚂蚁的工作态度。故选A。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone. (我站了起来。我听到一匹马在山谷里嘶鸣。在我头顶开阔的高原平原上，有野马出没。但在山谷里，除非有人骑在马上，否则是不会有马的。有人向山谷走来，我妻子独自一人。)”可推知，作者认为有人上山来了，而他妻子一人在家，所以出于对妻子安全的考虑，作者很可能会回家。故选C。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought! (我一动不动地躺着，透过闭着的眼皮可以看到太阳，独自在天空中，和我一样孤独，和其他一切一样静止和沉默。地球肯定已经停止转动了，在这个星球的某个地方，繁忙的街道上应该有轰鸣的车辆。多么疯狂、难以置信的想法!)”可推断作者在山里体验安静，故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多于选项。 In all our lives we must make choices. You make choices from the time you get out of bed in the morning until you go to sleep at night. What time to get up? What to wear? What to eat? You also make more significant choices when you graduate from high school. ___30___ College? Technical training? No matter the size of the decision, the common thread in all of them is that they involve an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is your next best alternative—your second choice. For example, it’s a Saturday night, and you are trying to decide among going to the movies, hanging out at a friend s house or going to the football game. ___31___ What is your second choice? If it is the football game, then that is your opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is important. When you make a certain choice, it forces you to think more critically about all of the abandoned choices. By recognizing opportunity cost, you can decide whether your decision is worth it. ___32___ As a high school senior, you face several options, including going to college, going to technical school, or going to the work force. If you choose college, the opportunity cost is losing what could have been purchased or saved with the money spent on tuition（学费）, housing, books, etc. for four years. ___33___ You would also lose four years’ worth of income and experience that you could have earned if you had gone straight to work. However, it is still the case that college graduates earn more than high school graduates. And the unemployment rate among college graduates is less than that of high school graduates. ___34___ But, like all decisions, it is one that should be arrived at only after looking at the costs—including the opportunity cost一and considering the follow-up question: is it worth it? A. Will you go straight to work? B. What causes opportunity cost? C. But that’s not the end of the costs. D. Suppose you decide to go to the movies. E. If you give up college what do you lose? F. A perfect example is the decision to go to college. G. For many students, going on to college is a wise decision. 【答案】30. A 31. D 32. F 33. C 34. G 【解析】 【分析】在我们生活当中要做出很多选择，本文讲述了高中毕业后的几项选择面临的机会成本。 【30题详解】 A 根据上句：当你高中毕业你也做出更重要的选择。无非就是“直接去上班，上大学或技能培训。”根据句意可知答案为A。 【31题详解】 D 根据空格前文：you are trying to decide between going to the movies, hanging out at friend’s house or going to the football game.（你是正在尝试从去看电影，朋友家闲逛或去看足球比赛中做出决定。）可知，D项（Suppose you decide to go to the movies.假如你决定去看电影。）符合题意。 【32题详解】 F 根据下文：作为一名高中生，你面临几个选择，包括去上大学，上技校还是去工作。可知，一个很好的例子就是上大学的决定。故选F。 【33题详解】 C 根据下文：你也将失去你直接去工作本来能赢得的四年的收入和经验。由此推知，如果你选择上大学，那么所花的费用并不是成本的终点。故选C。关键词：but/also。 【34题详解】 G 根据上文：然而，大学毕业生的收入要比高中毕业生高。可知，对很多学生来说，上大学是明智的选择。故选G。 【名师点睛】 做七选五时要注意文中有also的情况。also是“也”的意思，这就说明前文一定存在它的一个分支了，这样的例子比比皆是：前文交代“It helps you practice what you have learnt during the day and establish study habits that will be important in college ”虽然看上去很长的一句话，从句就有两个，但是重点就三个单词“It helps you”，此时在空中填上“It can also help you prepare for your classes and get a sense of progress.”，（关键词It can also help you）这样一对应就很工整了。当然“also”只是一个代表罢了，可以表示递进的词还有很多：what’ more, besides, in addition等等。本文题第4小题，根据下文：你也将失去你直接去工作本来能赢得的四年的收入和经验。由此推知，如果你选择上大学，那么所花的费用并不是成本的终点，也就是说还有更多花钱的地方。故选C。关键词：but/also。因为下文的also，说明前面有相似的内容。 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 第一节（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分） 35. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动物和植物可以受到保护。分析句子可知， 　　　　①　　　　 animals and plants can be protected为定语从句，修饰先行词national parks，设空处为引导词，在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 36. Claire had her luggage ______ (check) an hour before her plane left. （用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】checked 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了她的行李。根据句意及常识可知，登机前，行李需要被机场工作人员检查，因此使用have sth. done结构。故填checked。 37. The island, ________ (join) to the mainland by a large bridge, is easy to go to.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】joined 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座岛有一座大桥与大陆相连，很容易到达。分析句子结构可知join与逻辑主语island构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填joined。 38. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _________(do) for me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had done 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我花了很长时间才完全理解他们为我所做的一切。从句的动作发生主句过去动作之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had done。 39. The church tower which ________ (build) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is being built 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：正在修建的教堂塔不久将对游客开放。这工作已基本完成。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The church tower，先行词在从句中作主语，与谓语构成被动关系，且表示动作正在发生故用现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is being built。 40. —Are you a native of this town? —I was born in New York, but this is_____________ I grew up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：——你是这个镇上的人吗？——我出生在纽约，但这是我长大的地方。该空引导表语从句，又在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 第二节（共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分） 语法填空 Consuming food can be a pleasurable thing. It is no wonder that we spend so much time preparing and eating food. But what many of us don’t consider is how our emotions ____41____ (affect) by what we eat. For me, it’s the ____42____ (healthy) foods that put a smile on my face — fried chicken, cakes and ice cream. It might seem obvious that bad food ____43____ (usual) makes us happy. But dieticians (营养师) tell us that ____44____ (eat) bad food can also affect our mental state and bring on depression. 【答案】41. are affected 42. unhealthy 43. usually 44. eating 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人情绪会受到我们所吃东西的影响，对作者来说，不健康的食物让作者微笑，但营养师告诉我们，吃不好的食物也会影响我们的精神状态，导致抑郁。 【41题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：但我们中的许多人没有考虑的是，我们的情绪是如何受到我们所吃东西的影响的。讲述一般性事实，表语从句主语our emotions和谓语动词affect是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填are affected。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对我来说，是不健康的食物让我微笑——炸鸡、蛋糕和冰淇淋。形容词unhealthy (不健康的)作定语，修饰名词foods。故填unhealthy。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：很明显，糟糕的食物通常会让我们快乐。副词usually (通常)作状语，修饰动词make。故填usually。 【44题详解】 考查动名词。句意：但营养师告诉我们，吃不好的食物也会影响我们的精神状态，导致抑郁。eat用动名词形式，作宾语从句的主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作。故填eating。 四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用方框中词语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词语只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 reject, convince, make sense, used to, get used to, ambition 45. He has changed a great deal, so we’re not as close as we ____________ be. 46. She is an intelligent and ____________ woman who is determined to get on in the world. 47. Her arguments couldn’t ____________ everyone, but changes were made. 48. Don’t worry. You ____________ the weather here soon. 49. It ____________ to save money while you can. 【答案】45. used to 46. ambitious 47. convince 48. will get used to 49. makes sense 【解析】 【导语】 【45题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他变了很多，所以我们不像以前那么亲密了。分析句子可知，此空可填情态动词， used to“过去常常”，为情态动词，用于描述过去经常发生的动作或状态，但现在已经不再发生，符合句意。故填used to。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她是一个聪明而雄心勃勃的女人，决心在世界上取得成功。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作定语， ambition表“雄心”，为名词，其形容词形式为ambitious，表“雄心勃勃的”，符合句意。故填ambitious。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：她的论点无法说服所有人，但大家做出了改变。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形作谓语， convince表“说服”，为动词，符合句意。故填convince。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：别担心。你很快就会习惯这里的天气。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语， get used to表“习惯于”，为动词短语，符合句意，且由soon可知，这里时态应用一般将来时。故填will get used to。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：尽可能省钱是有道理的。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，make sense表“有道理”，符合句意，且这里时态应用后面保持一致用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数。故填makes sense。 用方框中词语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词语只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 complain, set off, extreme, demand, influence, obsess over 50. This is a highly ____________ book. Almost everyone has read it. 51. She ____________ that no one had been at the airport to meet her. 52. Earthquakes are ____________ difficult to predict, which makes them even more dangerous. 53. I enjoy ____________ fireworks at the Spring Festival. 54. Stop ____________ your hair. It’s fine. 【答案】50. influential 51. complained 52. extremely 53. setting off 54. obsessing over 【解析】 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一本极具影响力的书。几乎每个人都读过它。设空处修饰名词book作定语，应用形容词，根据句意可知是“有影响力的”，故填influential。 【51题详解】 考查时态。句意：她抱怨说没有人到机场来接她。空处为谓语，根据下文可知描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，根据句意可知是“抱怨”，故填complained。 【52题详解】 考查副词。句意：地震极难预测，这使得它们更加危险。设空处修饰形容词作状语，应用副词，根据句意可知是“非常，很”，故填extremely。 【53题详解】 考查固定短语和动名词。句意：我喜欢在春节放烟花。设空处接在enjoy后，应用动名词形式作宾语，根据句意可知是“燃放”，应用固定短语set off，故填setting of。 【54题详解】 考查固定短语和动名词。句意：不要再纠结于你头发了。它很好。设空处接在stop后，表示停止做某事，应用动名词形式作宾语，根据句意可知是“对……担心”，应用固定短语obsess over，故填obsessing over。 五、书面表达（满分15分） 55. 假设你红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练，但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括: 1. 介绍同学们听说训练情况； 2. 希望提供更有效的学习方法; 3. 询问对方的意向。 注意:1. 词数不少于80； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything going? As you know, we’ve strengthened English listening and speaking training since this term, but we still have some confusion. Knowing you are an expert in it, I’m writing to invite you to make a special lecture for us. Now many of us have been studying with the help of online courses. We listen to the tape and do a simple follow-up every day, trying to imitate the pronunciation and intonation. Besides, we have increased the awareness of speaking English properly according to different occasions. But some of us still find it hard to improve English within a limited time and wonder if there are some better learning methods. As an experienced teacher, you must have many views. We really hope you can put forward some effective learning methods for us. Could you come and give us some guidance? Please let us know by this weekend if you could accept the invitation. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次关于如何加强英语听说的专题讲座。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和现在完成时,少量现在完成进行时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 介绍同学们的听说训练情况； 2. 希望提供更有效的学习方法; 3. 询问对方的意向。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） strengthen English listening and speaking;be an expert in; with the help of; increase the awareness of; improve English; put forward; look forward to 第三步：连词成句 1.As you know, we’ve strengthened English listening and speaking training since this term, but we still have some confusion. 2. Knowing you are an expert in it, I’m writing to invite you to make a special lecture for us. 3. Now many of us have been studying with the help of online courses. 4.Besides, we have increased the awareness of speaking English properly according to different occasions. 5.But some of us still find it hard to improve English within a limited time and wonder if there are some better learning methods. 6.We really hope you can put forward some effective learning methods for us. 7.Looking forward to your reply. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：Please let us know by this weekend if you could accept the invitation这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如be an expert in; with the help of; put forward; look forward to等。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$