2024-2025学年初高中基本语法复习课件

英语中的人称代词 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its itself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves 名词数的变化 1.一般名词变复数时直接在词尾加“s”,如：books, desks, rooms…… 2.以“th”结尾的词直接在词尾加“s”，如：months, truths, youths…… 3.以“x, s, sh ”结尾的词，在词尾加“es”，如：classes, boxes, dishes…… 4.以“ch”结尾的词，“ch”发音为/tʃ/时，在词尾加“es”,如：churches, benches……; 而“ch”发音为/k/ 时，则常在词尾加“s”，如：stomachs. 5.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词，常变“y”为“i”再加“es”，如：parties, ladies, countries, cities…… 6.以元音字母加“y”结尾的词，则常直接在词尾加“s”，如：boys, days, Sundays, toys…… 7.以元音字母加“o”结尾的词，常直接在词尾加“s”，如：zoos, bamboos, radios, studios…… 8.以辅音字母加“o”结尾的词，常在词尾加“es”，如：potatoes, heroes, tomatoes, negroes……但是有些以辅音字母加“o”结尾的词变复数时则是加“s”，如：photos, pianos, kilos……. 9.以“f”、“fe”结尾的词：少数词直接在词尾加“s”，如：beliefs, roofs, chiefs. 多数此类词变复数时则变“f/fe”为“v”再加“es”，如：lives, shelves, knives, thieves, leaves, wives……. 10.部分常用不规则名词复数形式：foot—feet, man (woman)—men (women) , tooth– teeth , mouse– mice , child– children , ox-oxen …… 11.特殊补充：woman (man) doctor– women (men) doctors, boy (girl) student– boy (girl) students, passer–by– passers-by……. 形容词变副词的常用规则 1.一般情况直接在形容词后加“ly”，如：sadly, quickly, recently, carefully. 2.以元音字母加“e”结尾的形容词，常去“e”加“ly”，如：true– truly, due– duly…… 3.以辅音字母加“e”结尾的词，直接加“ly”，如：polite—politely, immediate—immediately, absolute—absolutely, fortunate—fortunately, wide—widely, wise—wisely….. 4.单音节词以“y”结尾，且“y”发音为“/aɪ/”，常直接加“ly”，如：dry—dryly. 5.双音节词或多音节词以“y”结尾，且“y”发音为“/i:/”，常变“y”为“i”再加“ly”，如：happy—happily, heavy—heavily, angry—angrily, busy—busily…… 6.以元音字母加“le”结尾的词，直接加“ly”，如：sole—solely (但是whole—wholly). 7.以辅音字母加“le”结尾的词，常去“e”加“y”，如：simple—simply, possible—possibly, gentle—gently, terrible—terribly, probable—probably……. 8.部分特殊形式副词：surprisingly, smilingly, interestingly. 英语中的时态形式与相应被动形式 1.一般现在时：am/is/are/do/does/can….. am/is/are/can be +done 2.一般过去时：was/were/did/could……. was/were/could be +done 3.现在进行时：am/is/are + doing am/is/are + being +done 4.过去进行时：was/were + doing was/were + being + done 5.一般将来时：will/ be(am/is/are) going to + do will +be +done 6.过去将来时：would / be(was/were) going to + do would + be +done 7.现在完成时：have/has +done have/has +been + done 8.过去完成时：had + done had + been + done 9.现在完成进行时：have/has been + doing 考纲新增时态：表示“一直在做……”，强调动作的持续性。 动词过去时变化规则 1.一般情况直接在动词词尾加“ed”，如：worked, wanted, asked…… 2.以不发音“e”的结尾的词，常在词尾加“d”，如：lived, moved, tasted….. 现在分词变化规则 1.一般直接在词尾加“ing”，如：sleeping，working，studying…… 2.以不发音的“e”结尾的词，常去“e”加“ing”，如：make—making , take—taking, live—living 3.含重读闭音节的词，常双写词尾辅音字母再加“ing”，如：sit—sitting, begin—beginning, run—running…. 4.特殊变化：lie—lying , die—dying, tie—tying 3.以辅音加“y”结尾的词，常变“y”为“i”，再加“ed”，如：study—studied , try– tried , copy– copied....... 4.以元音字母加“y”结尾的词，常直接加“ed”，如：play—played …… 5.含重读闭音节的词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加“ed”，如：stopped…… 6.实记一些过去时形式和原形同形的词，如：put, read, cut…… 动词第三人称单数变化 1.一般直接在词尾加s，如：works, reads, gets,wants…… 2.以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的词，常在词尾加es，如：goes, teaches, misses, mixes, washes…… 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词，常变y为i，再加es，如：study—studies, try—tries, fly—flies…… 4.以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接在词尾加s，如：plays……. 英语基本句型 1.主语 + 谓语（此句型中谓语为不及物动词） Examples: Time flies! The plane will arrive. 2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 （此句型中谓语为及物动词） Examples: I like apples. I want some advice. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 英语中常见的系动词有：be, 感官动词（feel, tastes, smell, sound……）, 表示转变的词（become, turn, go, grow…….）, 表示延续的词（remain, seem, stay, keep……） Examples: The girl is beautiful. He is healthy. It’s a book. 4.主语 + 谓语 （及物动词）+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 I give him some advice. I sent him a book. 5. 主语 + 谓语 （及物动词）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语 Examples: You make me unhappy. She makes her diary her friend. $$