考点12 高考高频考点非谓语动词-done(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(北京专用)

2024-08-19
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考点12 高考高频考点非谓语动词-done(核心考点精讲精练) 1. 高考真题考点分布 题型 非谓语动词-done 语法填空 考查方向 考频 考点 2024 过去分词在状语从句中的省略 1 when ___16___ (ask) 2023 过去分词在状语从句中的省略 1 When37(see)_______________________________ 2022 过去分词表被动 1 ncreasingly 37   (support) by experts, 附其它卷区考情分析 考点 题型 过去分词 语法填空 2024 试卷类型 过去分词 考点 2024·新高考II卷 inspired 过去分词作定语 2024年1月浙江高考真题 designed 过去分词作定语 2023 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 过去分词作后置定语 2023·1月新高考浙江卷 surrounded 过去分词作定语 2023·全国乙卷 built 过去分词作定语 2023·全国甲卷 intended 去分词短语作定语 2022 2022·全国甲卷 held 过去分词作后置定语 2022·全国高考乙卷 shared 过去分词作定语 2021 2021新课标I astonished 过去分词作宾补 2021新课标II卷 excited 过去分词作表语 2021浙江卷1月 studied 过去分词作定语 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 分析近三年高考真题可知,对非谓语动词知识点的考查是一个重点考查方向,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合语态考查难度在增大。 【备考策略】 1.掌握非谓语动词过去分词的用法。 2.正确使用非谓语动词过去分词。 【命题预测】 预测2025年高考语法填空对过去分词的考查仍未考查重点,近三年考查点主要侧重状语从句的省略。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 过去分词构成形式:done 过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。 考点一 过去分词句法功能 01作定语 1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作; 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 (2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟)The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径). 02作补语 场合 用法 示例 观感类 使役类 动词后 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 (2020全国II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 03作表语 1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的; known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 (2021·新高考II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 04 作状语 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 (2024·福建·高三模拟) (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. 05 非谓语动词解题步骤 归纳 1. 寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 考点二 过去分词用于省略句 01连词+过去分词 过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略be动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。 To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 02 过去分词构成独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 (2024高三·重庆模拟)A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars. 典例一 过去分词作状语 (24-25高三上·福建厦门·开学考试) (absorb) in her book, she was unaware of things happening around. (所给词的适当形式填空) 典例二 过去分词作定语 (2022高三上·全国·专题练习)From the dates (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 典例三 过去分词作表语 (23-24高三上·河北承德·期中)The horses got (panic) by the gunfire.(所给词的适当形式填空) 典例四 过去分词作补足语 (23-24高三上·河北·期末)She found herself (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. (所给词的适当形式填空) 典例五 独立主格 (23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试) (intend) to enrich students’ school life, our program features the fun of English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 1. (expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her hands. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 3.The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.Whoever fails to return the books before the deadline will have their accounts (freeze). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5.These mountains are a splendid sight when (view) from the valley floor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.European and American science with efficient and cheap Chinese manufacturing should be a powerful . (combine) (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. (translate) from jing mai in Chinese, the meridians refer to paths through which the life energy (flow) in the body and to organs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.An even greener alternative recently (adopt) is using drones to trace flashy patterns in the sky. The future of fireworks, like so much else, may be robotic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. (base) on what we have discussed, how do you feel about this job? (所给词的适当形式填空) 1.In the spring we plant seeds in the garden (locate) behind our school.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3.In a typical shadow play performance, puppets are held behind a screen, with light cast onto the screen 3 (create) shadowy images that tell a story. The themes and characters 4 (feature) in shadow play performances vary widely depending on the cultural context. 5.The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services (provide) by electronic commerce. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you (update) on the storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.It was really cold outside, but Jethro stayed indoors (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking hot chocolate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. (attract) by the idea of working abroad, I have made up my mind to improve my spoken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11.Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the (affect) areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12.Shenzhen’s first coffee­themed post office opened at the Science and Technology Parkin Nanshan District. Postal elements can be seen everywhere, with stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes, mail carts and an old­style postman bicycle (exhibit). (所给词的适当形式填空) 13. (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with an active attitude to life live longer. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 14.The official insists medical aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach). (用所给词的适当形式填空) 15.Please read your article in a loud voice to make yourself (hear) clearly by all. (所给词的适当形式填空) (2024·北京·高考真题) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. (2023·北京·高考真题) Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 37 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 38 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 39 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. (2022·北京·高考真题) Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 37   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 38 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 39 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 附其它卷区高考真题 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 2.(2024·新高考II卷) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the       (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 4.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 5.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 6.(2021·新高考II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 考点12 高考高频考点非谓语动词-done(核心考点精讲精练) 1. 高考真题考点分布 题型 非谓语动词-done 语法填空 考查方向 考频 考点 2024 过去分词在状语从句中的省略 1 when ___16___ (ask) 2023 过去分词在状语从句中的省略 1 When37(see)_______________________________ 2022 过去分词表被动 1 ncreasingly 37   (support) by experts, 附其它卷区考情分析 考点 题型 过去分词 语法填空 2024 试卷类型 过去分词 考点 2024·新高考II卷 inspired 过去分词作定语 2024年1月浙江高考真题 designed 过去分词作定语 2023 2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 过去分词作后置定语 2023·1月新高考浙江卷 surrounded 过去分词作定语 2023·全国乙卷 built 过去分词作定语 2023·全国甲卷 intended 去分词短语作定语 2022 2022·全国甲卷 held 过去分词作后置定语 2022·全国高考乙卷 shared 过去分词作定语 2021 2021新课标I astonished 过去分词作宾补 2021新课标II卷 excited 过去分词作表语 2021浙江卷1月 studied 过去分词作定语 2. 命题规律及备考策略 【命题规律】 分析近三年高考真题可知,对非谓语动词知识点的考查是一个重点考查方向,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合语态考查难度在增大。 【备考策略】 1.掌握非谓语动词过去分词的用法。 2.正确使用非谓语动词过去分词。 【命题预测】 预测2025年高考语法填空对过去分词的考查仍未考查重点,近三年考查点主要侧重状语从句的省略。 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。 过去分词构成形式:done 过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。 考点一 过去分词句法功能 01作定语 1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作; 2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。 (2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟)The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径). 【答案】divided 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:π等于圆的周长除以圆的直径。分析句子可知,此处divide“除以”需要使用过去分词形式,作the circumstance of a circle“圆的周长”的后置定语,即被除以直径的圆周长。故填divided。 02作补语 场合 用法 示例 观感类 使役类 动词后 1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。 with结构 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作; 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作; 3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 With his homework finished, he went to the park to play.  作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。 (2020全国II卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 03作表语 1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的) The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。 2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone消失了,不在了; fallen落下的; known著名的; mistaken无解的,弄错的等。 (2021·新高考II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【答案】excited 【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。 04 作状语 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用。 (2024·福建·高三模拟) (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. 【答案】Selected  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从世界各地的收藏品中挑选出来,这是他40多年来第一次大型作品展览。select与逻辑主语it之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Selected。 05 非谓语动词解题步骤 归纳 1. 寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。 2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。 3. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况; 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式; 作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,用过去分词。 考点二 过去分词用于省略句 01连词+过去分词 过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略be动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。 To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 【解析】考查省略句和过去分词。句意:为了保证安全,孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。分析句子可知,此处是when引导的状语从句,从句的主语和主句的主语children一致,可用代词they代替,且由by their parents可知此处是被动语态,时态是一般现在时,此时可省略when从句的主语和be代词,即when (they are) accpmpanied by their parents。故填accompanied。 【答案】accompanied 02 过去分词构成独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 (2024高三·重庆模拟)A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:大英博物馆收藏并展出了大量的画作,其中最著名的一幅估计价值超过8000万美元。分析句子可知,“the most famous one         (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars”是独立主格结构作状语,estimate与逻辑主语the most famous one(one指代painting)是被动关系,用过去分词形式,故填estimated。 【答案】estimated 典例一 过去分词作状语 (24-25高三上·福建厦门·开学考试) (absorb) in her book, she was unaware of things happening around. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她全神贯注地看书,没有注意到周围发生的事情。句子主干成分完整,空处为非谓语,absorb“吸引(某人),使专心”和she逻辑上是被动关系,be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于”,应用absorb的过去分词形式,作原因状语,且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Absorbed。 典例二 过去分词作定语 (2022高三上·全国·专题练习)From the dates (mark) on the gold coin, we decided it was made five hundred years ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】marked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从这枚金币上标记的日期来看,我们断定它是五百年前造的。结合句意及句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词的形式,the dates与mark之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式marked,表示被动,作后置定语。故答案为marked。 典例三 过去分词作表语 (23-24高三上·河北承德·期中)The horses got (panic) by the gunfire.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】panicked 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:枪声使马惊慌失措。分析句子,设空处使用过去分词panicked作表语,与前面的系动词 got构成系表结构,get panicked变得惊慌失措。故填panicked。 典例四 过去分词作补足语 (23-24高三上·河北·期末)She found herself (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她发现自己被困在家里,只有电脑陪伴她。此处是find+宾语+宾语补足语结构,宾语herself和动词stick(困住)是被动关系,be stuck at固定搭配,意为“被困在”,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填stuck。 典例五 独立主格 (23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试) (intend) to enrich students’ school life, our program features the fun of English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Intended 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:为了丰富学生的校园生活,我们的节目以英语的乐趣为特色。be intended to do意为“旨在做某事”,为固定搭配,空格处和谓语之间没有连词,且表示动作已完成,所以应用过去分词作状语。句首首字母应大写。故填Intended。 1. (expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Exposed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中,勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作状语,expose与逻辑主语courageous tourists and scientists之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词exposed,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Exposed。 2.Our monitor was sitting in the library, with her head (bury) in the book in her hands. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的班长坐在图书馆里,头埋在手里的书里。bury(埋进……中)作with复合结构中宾语her head的补足语,与其逻辑主语her head之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填buried。 3.The wound from the dog bite has become (infect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:狗咬伤的伤口已经感染了。本句谓语为has become,此处为非谓语动词,The wound与infect“传染,使感染”为被动关系,应用过去分词,作表语。故填infected。 4.Whoever fails to return the books before the deadline will have their accounts (freeze). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】frozen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:逾期未归还图书的,账户将被冻结。此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,宾语accounts和动词freeze(冻结)是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填frozen。 5.These mountains are a splendid sight when (view) from the valley floor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】viewed 【详解】考查省略句。句意:从谷底往下看,这些山是一幅壮丽的景色。在when引导的时间状语从句中,主语和主句相同,可以省略从句的主语和系动词。动词view意为“观看”,和主语构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式。故填viewed。 6.European and American science with efficient and cheap Chinese manufacturing should be a powerful . (combine) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 combined combination 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意:欧洲和美国的科学与高效和廉价的中国制造相结合应该是一个强大的组合。combine和European and American science之间是动宾关系,使用过去分词作后置定语;第二空应填名词单数combination作表语。故填①combined②combination。 7.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 8. (translate) from jing mai in Chinese, the meridians refer to paths through which the life energy (flow) in the body and to organs. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 Translated flows 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和主谓一致。句意:经络翻译自中文的“经脉”,是指生命能量在身体和器官中流动的路径。第一个空:“translate”与“the meridians”为被动关系,用过去分词形式作状,首字母大写,则填Translated;第二个空:空处为定语从句的谓语动词,根据refer可知,从句陈述的是科学事实,使用一般现在时,主语“life energy”为不可数名词,谓语动词flow应该用第三人称单数的形式,则填flows。故填①Translated ②flows。 9.An even greener alternative recently (adopt) is using drones to trace flashy patterns in the sky. The future of fireworks, like so much else, may be robotic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adopted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最近采用的一种更环保的替代方案是使用无人机追踪天空中的闪光图案。像其他东西一样,烟花的未来可能是机械的。本句的谓语是is,所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语alternative和adopt之间是动宾关系,且recently表明动作已经发生,所以应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填adopted。 10. (base) on what we have discussed, how do you feel about this job? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据我们已经讨论过的内容,你对这份工作感觉如何?分析句子结构可知,空处需要非谓语动词做状语。be based on“以…为基础”,所以该短语需要去掉be动词,剩下过去分词的形式作状语。故填Based。 1.In the spring we plant seeds in the garden (locate) behind our school.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:春天,我们在学校后面的花园里播种。本句的谓语是plant,所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语garden和locate(找出……的准确位置,把……建造在)之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词,作后置定语,故填located。 2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】designed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。空处应填非谓语动词,动词design与packs之间为被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词形式表示被动和完成,作后置定语。故填designed。 In a typical shadow play performance, puppets are held behind a screen, with light cast onto the screen 3 (create) shadowy images that tell a story. The themes and characters 4 (feature) in shadow play performances vary widely depending on the cultural context. 【答案】3.to create 4.featured 【解析】3.考查非谓语动词。句意:在一场典型的皮影戏表演中,木偶被放在屏幕后面,光线投射到屏幕上,形成讲述故事的阴影图像。句子主干成分完整,空处表示光线投射到屏幕上的目的,作句子的目的状语,应用create的不定式形式。故填to create。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意:皮影戏表演的主题和人物因文化背景的不同而有很大的不同。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语动词,feature和The themes and characters逻辑上是被动关系,应用feature的过去分词形式,作The themes and characters的后置定语。故填featured。 5.The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services (provide) by electronic commerce. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】provided 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意:互联网通过电子商务为我们提供了各种商品和服务,极大地方便了我们的生活。分析句子可知,横线所在句子符合“with+名词+done”的结构,因为各类商品和服务是被提供给我们的,故答案是provided。 6.We’ll have reporters there for you all week long to keep you (update) on the storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们将在那里安排记者,为你提供整整一周的有关风暴的最新消息。设空处作宾语补足语,宾语you与动词update“给……提供最新信息”之间为逻辑上的被动关系,设空处填过去分词updated。故填updated。 7.It was really cold outside, but Jethro stayed indoors (wrap) in a warm blanket (毯子) and drinking hot chocolate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】wrapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:外面真的很冷,但叶忒罗裹着温暖的毯子呆在家里,喝着热巧克力。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语动词,固定短语be wrapped in表示“被包裹在”,wrap和Jethro逻辑上是被动关系,应用wrap的过去分词形式,和drinking并列,作方式状语,说明谓语行为发生的方式。故填wrapped。 8. (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long and hard road to becoming a composer. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Raised 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区长大,他经历了漫长而艰难的作曲家之路。分析句子可知,逗号之后为主句,动词raise与主语he之间是被动关系,空处应为过去分词,表示被动,在句中作状语,故填Raised。 9.Only in retrospect (回顾) did the value of appreciating a movie without judging, (accompany) by the joy of sharing become self-evident to me. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:只有回顾时,不加评判地欣赏一部电影,伴随着分享的喜悦,这种价值对我来说才变得不言而喻。分析句子可知,句子使用了部分倒装,已有谓语动词,空处是非谓语动词,accompany“伴随”和the value of appreciating a movie逻辑上是被动关系,应用accompany的过去分词形式,作定语。故填accompanied。 10. (attract) by the idea of working abroad, I have made up my mind to improve my spoken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Attracted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:被出国工作的想法所吸引,我已下定决心提高我的英语口语。本句谓语为have made,此处为非谓语动词,且I与attract“吸引”为被动关系,应用过去分词,作状语。故填Attracted。 11.Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the (affect) areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】affected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大量捐款涌入受灾地区。本句谓语为have been flooding,此处为非谓语动词,且areas与affect“影响,侵袭”为被动关系,应用过去分词,作定语,修饰areas。故填affected。 12.Shenzhen’s first coffee­themed post office opened at the Science and Technology Parkin Nanshan District. Postal elements can be seen everywhere, with stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes, mail carts and an old­style postman bicycle (exhibit). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exhibited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:深圳首家以咖啡为主题的邮局在南山区科技园区开业。邮政元素随处可见,展出的邮票、明信片、邮筒形状的蛋糕、邮车和老式邮差自行车。空处在with复合结构中作宾补,exhibit和宾语“stamps, postcards and cakes in the shapes of mailboxes, mail carts and an oldstyle postman bicycle”是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填exhibited。 13. (compare) with those who are always complaining, people with an active attitude to life live longer. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:与那些总是抱怨的人相比,对生活持积极态度的人活得更长。分析句子结构,逗号前后没有连接词,所以空处应为非谓语动词。逻辑主语people与compare之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词,作状语。故填Compared。 14.The official insists medical aid should be given to developing countries with no strings (attach). (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这位官员坚持认为,应该向发展中国家提供无附加条件的医疗援助。此处是with复合结构,即with+宾语+宾语补足语,宾语no strings 和动词attach(附加)是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填attached。 15.Please read your article in a loud voice to make yourself (hear) clearly by all. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】heard 【详解】考查过去分词。句意:请大声朗读你的文章,让大家都能听清楚。此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,动词hear和宾语yourself之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作宾补,表示被动,故填heard。 (2024·北京·高考真题) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】15. was named 16. asked 17. who 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词使用was。故填was named。 【16题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 (2023·北京·高考真题) Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 37 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 38 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 39 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】37.seen 38.cities 39.has established 【导语】本文是说明文。红树林,生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭,到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。 37.考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when they are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。 38.考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。 39.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。 (2022·北京·高考真题) Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 37   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 38 smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally 39 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】37.supported 38.whether 39.has 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因,是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。 37.考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 38.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,空格后是主+系+表的句子结构,所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知,此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。 39.考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 附其它卷区高考真题 1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 2.(2024·新高考II卷) A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Shanghai may be the       (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. 【答案】recognized  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。 4(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. 【答案】surrounded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。 5.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】built。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。 6.(2021·新高考II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【答案】excited 【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。 ( 13 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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