精品解析：北京市第十一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2023北京十一中高二10月月考 英 语 (总分100分，考试时间 90分钟) 一、完形填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 读下面面短文、掌握其大意，从每个所给的选项中，选出最佳选项。 There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But ___1___ there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people. Gombeau, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ___2___ a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage. What was he doing? He was looking for his next ___4___. Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even ___5___ for the pizza being cold. She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly ___8___ that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ___9___ got involved. However, the actor didn’t even break character, saying “thank you” when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person! Gombeau said that her ___10___ to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York. 1. A. normally B. luckily C. naturally D. gradually 2. A. stopped B. recognized C. remembered D. spotted 3. A. through B. for C. around D. over 4. A. cap B. bottle C. meal D. newspaper 5. A. answered B. complained C. joked D. apologized 6. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 7. A. surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A. admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized 9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly 10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise 二、语法填空(共 10小题;每小题1分，共10分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Sharon Brown ___11___(win) a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood test that can help to identify cancer quicker and more accurately. The award was given by an organization which___12___(call) Innovate UK for International Women’s Day celebrations. Sharon is one of 38 women from the UK to have received the award. The award aims ____13____ (support) brilliant women to fully realize their dreams and change the world in future. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day, ___14___ nearly drives me mad. The airport was built years ago, ___15___ for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house ____16____ (knock) down one day. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Captain Ben Faweet has bought an unusual taxi—a small Swiss areoplane. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it is that it can land anywhere. Captain Faweett’s first passenger was a doctor ____17____ flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the mountains. Since then, Fawceut ___18___ (fly) passengers to many unusual places. Recently, Captain Fawcet has just refused a strange request ___19___ a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, but Captain Fawcett did not take him _____20_____ the trip was too dangerous. 三、阅读理解(共两部分，共38分) (一)阅读选择(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分) A Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program. The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty. What are we looking for? You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum. You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work. What are we offering you? We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world. How to apply? Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply. 21. The JPA program helps the young ______. A. graduate with high honors B. find solid and well-paid jobs C. get entry-level work experience D. challenge their senior workmates 22. What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program? A. Age 28 or under. B. Superb technology skills. C. Having a master’s degree. D. Fluency in English and Latin. 23. What will the World Bank offer? A. A two-year contract with welfare. B. Interviews with general managers. C. Positions in applicants’ hometowns. D. Analytical and research skills training. B With the drugs that she created, Getrade Elion achieved her life’s mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion’s first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion’s final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion’s team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion’s name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24. What inspired Elion to go into medical research? A. Her grandfather’s death. B. Her teaching experience. C. A drug company’s influence. D. George Hitching’s encouragement. 25. What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion? A. Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B. Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C. Preventing the formation of bacteria. D. Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26. What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A. It should be put into use immediately. B. It might be harmful to human bodies. C. It could only have short-term effects. D. It could be used to fight many diseases 27. Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B. She discovered a life-saving drug. C. She obtained 45 patents. D. She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research C The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 28. According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 29. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce D The constant rise of global demand for protein poses a threat of meat shortage in the agricultural sector. To address this, a few scientists use artificial meat as an alternative to traditional ones, which from the growing process to its benefits proves it does no harm or even it does good to us. Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells. The cells are then cultured with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called “cultured” meat. “Cultured meat is not genetically engineered,” Dr. Mark Post of Maastricht University says. “It is meat grown from the same cells that produce the meat in the cow, but this time outside the cow.” He believes that cultured meat shouldn’t be any better or worse for you than old-school animal flesh. This may sound like science fiction, but it is not such a strange idea and there are reasons to be excited about it. The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way,“ said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomisto’s research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the world’s growing population, at the same time cutting emissions (排放) and saving both energy and water. Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition. Animal protein is an increasing part of diets, as millions of people in rapidly emerging economies are drawn out of poverty and become able to afford more meat in their diets. The pressure this creates has been an important factor in rapidly rising grain prices, deforestation in the Amazon basin, increasing water shortage and rising pressure to find new farmland. Growing meat artificially could potentially take huge pressure off farmlands around the world. Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species. If most of our meat was grown, there would be no need for factory farms. Conditions for animals could be greatly improved. Elsewhere, it could also stop illegal endangered species hunts by providing an alternative way to produce meat form these species. Exactly how long it takes before the meat is sold in supermarkets depends on the investment in research and development. One thing seems clear: Unless vegetarianism catches on in a very big way, the world’s demand for meat will soon outpace our supply of cows, chickens, pigs and other edible animals. The health and environmental impacts of cultured meat aren’t going to be hypothetical (假设的) for much longer. 32. What does the underlined word ”cultured" probably mean? A. grown. B. sorted. C. connected. D. shaped. 33. Compared with traditional meat, the artificial meat ____________. A. tastes much better B. contains more nutrients C. saves more natural resources D. changes people’s habit of eating meat 34. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his argument mainly by. A. comparing the results from different researches B. showing the current situation of food consumption C. presenting the problems caused by meat shortage D. explaining the advantages of the artificial meat 【二】阅读还原(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文肉容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空自处的最佳选项。 Farms of the Future Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. ___35___ Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. ___36___ Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. ____37____ These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. ___38___ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. ____39____ They would need additional light sources. Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms. B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops. C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms. E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities. F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances. G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up. 四、选词填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 选词填空 consumption shortage reality objective remarkable 40. After overcoming numerous difficulties, she turned her dream into________. 41. Seeing farmers often had a serious food ________ Yuan Longing decided to study agriculture. 42. The team planned a project with the _________of boosting rice output. 43. Gas and oil _________ always increases in cold weather. 44. She was awarded the prize for her ________ achievement. 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 conclude gradual commit equality convince 45. Tu Youyou is a/an_______ and patient scientist. 46. We haven’t drawn a /an _________ until the meeting ended. 47. His speech was so _________ that almost all the students agreed to his viewpoint. 48. It is estimated that ________ between countries will be worse in this technology age. 49. Following this, he_______ became famous throughout the world. 五、书面表达(共2节，32分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 50. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、写作《共20分》(原创) 54. 假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。你校英文网站正在举办主题为“Heroes in your eyes’”的英文征文活动。请给你班英国交换生 Jim 与一封信，内容包括： 1. 介绍活动； 2. 邀请参加。 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023北京十一中高二10月月考 英 语 (总分100分，考试时间 90分钟) 一、完形填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 读下面面短文、掌握其大意，从每个所给的选项中，选出最佳选项。 There are a lot of homeless people in the world. But ___1___ there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out. One lady in particular, Karine Gombeau from Paris, France, is one of these people. Gombeau, 42 years old, was on vacation with her husband and their 15-year-old son in New York. They were near Grand Central Station in Manhattan when she ___2___ a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage. What was he doing? He was looking for his next ___4___. Being the kind-hearted person she is, she decided to help this man out. She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man. She even ___5___ for the pizza being cold. She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary until a couple of days later, at her hotel, a lady came running up to her with a newspaper. Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story. She suddenly ___8___ that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor. Oddly enough, he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station when she ___9___ got involved. However, the actor didn’t even break character, saying “thank you” when Gombeau gave him the pizza. That was why she thought he was a homeless person! Gombeau said that her ___10___ to give the poor man the pizza was because she was sad to see so many homeless people living on the streets of New York. 1. A. normally B. luckily C. naturally D. gradually 2. A. stopped B. recognized C. remembered D. spotted 3. A. through B. for C. around D. over 4. A. cap B. bottle C. meal D. newspaper 5. A. answered B. complained C. joked D. apologized 6. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 7. A. surprised B. delighted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A. admitted B. claimed C. explained D. realized 9. A. mysteriously B. secretly C. mistakenly D. proudly 10. A. courage B. decision C. opportunity D. promise 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位女士帮助了一个无家可归的男人，不料最终却发现对方实际上是正在拍摄电影的著名演员。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，也有很多乐于帮助的人。A. normally通常；B. luckily幸运地；C. naturally自然地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“there are also a lot of giving people who are willing to help out.”可知，幸运的是，也有很多乐于帮助的人。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她看到一个无家可归的男人戴着滑雪帽在翻垃圾时，他们正在曼哈顿的中央车站附近。A. stopped停止；B. recognized认出；C. remembered记住；D. spotted看到。根据下文“a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage.”可知，此处表示她看到一个无家可归的男人。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当她看到一个无家可归的男人戴着滑雪帽在翻垃圾时，他们正在曼哈顿的中央车站附近。A. through从一端到另一端；B. for为了；C. around围绕；D. over在……上面。根据语境，此处表示一个无家可归的男人在翻垃圾，dig through the garbage表示“翻垃圾”。故选A项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在寻找他的下一顿饭。A. cap帽子；B. bottle瓶子；C. meal一餐，一顿饭；D. newspaper报纸。根据上文“a homeless man, wearing a ski cap, digging ___3___ the garbage”以及常识可知，这个无家可归的男人在翻垃圾，寻找下一顿饭。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她甚至为比萨饼凉了道歉。A. answered回答；B. complained抱怨；C. joked开玩笑；D. apologized道歉。根据下文“for the pizza being cold”可知，她因为披萨凉了向那个无家可归的男人道歉。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：她继续她的生活，认为没有什么是不寻常的，直到几天后，在她的酒店里，一位女士拿着一份报纸向她跑来。A. something某些东西；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何东西；D. everything每件事。根据下文“Gombeau was very ___7___ to see her picture in it along with a story.”可知，贡博看到报纸上有她的照片和故事时很惊讶，所以此处表示她认为没有什么是不同寻常的。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贡博很惊讶地看到里面有她的照片和一个故事。A. surprised惊讶的；B. delighted高兴的；C. satisfied满意的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“She went on with her life thinking that ___6___ was out of the ordinary”可知，贡博继续她的生活，认为没有什么是不寻常的，所以此处表示看到照片和故事时，她很惊讶。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她突然意识到，她给予比萨饼的那个无家可归的人实际上是一位著名的演员。A. admitted承认；B. claimed主张；C. explained解释；D. realized意识到。根据下文“that the homeless man she had given the pizza to was actually a famous actor”可知，此时贡博才意识到那个无家可归的男人实际上是一位著名的演员。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，他正在中央车站拍电影时，她阴差阳错地参与其中了。A. mysteriously神秘地；B. secretly秘密地；C. mistakenly错误地；D. proudly骄傲地。根据上文“he was filming a movie in Grand Central Station”可知，这位男士正在拍电影，贡博以为他真的是无家可归的人，送了披萨给他，错误地参与了电影拍摄。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贡博说，她之所以决定给这个可怜的人比萨，是因为看到这么多无家可归的人生活在纽约街头，她感到很难过。A. courage勇气；B. decision决定；C. opportunity机会；D. promise诺言。根据上文“She had just finished eating pizza with her family and had some extra, so she chose to give it to the man.”可知，贡博选择送披萨给这个无家可归的人，这是她自己做出的决定。故选B项。 二、语法填空(共 10小题;每小题1分，共10分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Sharon Brown ___11___(win) a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood test that can help to identify cancer quicker and more accurately. The award was given by an organization which___12___(call) Innovate UK for International Women’s Day celebrations. Sharon is one of 38 women from the UK to have received the award. The award aims ____13____ (support) brilliant women to fully realize their dreams and change the world in future. 【答案】11. won 12. is called 13. to support 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了莎伦•布朗因开发了一种可以帮助更快、更准确地识别癌症的血液测试而获得了2021年的女性创新奖。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：莎伦•布朗于2021年获得了女性创新奖，因为她开发了一种血液测试，可以帮助更快、更准确地识别癌症。本句缺少谓语动词，所以win做本句谓语，和主语Sharon Brown之间是主动关系，根据时间状语in 2021可知应该用一般过去时。故填won。 【12题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：该奖项是由一个名为Innovate UK的组织为庆祝国际妇女节而颁发的。 which指代的是先行词an organization，与call之间是被动关系，且陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，先行词为单数，故填is called。 【13题详解】 考查不定式。句意：该奖项旨在支持杰出女性充分实现自己的梦想，未来改变世界。aim to do旨在做某事，故填to support。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day, ___14___ nearly drives me mad. The airport was built years ago, ___15___ for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house ____16____ (knock) down one day. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. 【答案】14. which 15. but##yet 16. will be knocked 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的住处在一座机场旁边，每天都受到噪音的困扰，文章对此进行了讲述。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我住在机场附近，日夜都能听到过往飞机的声音，这几乎让我发疯。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且修饰句子，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【15题详解】 考查连词。句意：这个机场是几年前建造的，但由于某种原因当时不能使用。前文“The airport was built years ago”和后文“for some reason it could not be used then”构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，应用连词but或yet表示“然而，但是”。故填but/yet。 【16题详解】 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：有时候我觉得这房子总有一天会被拆掉。根据one day可知，此处描述将来的事情，应用一般将来时。动词短语knock down意为“拆除”，和主语构成被动关系。故填will be knocked。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提不间的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Captain Ben Faweet has bought an unusual taxi—a small Swiss areoplane. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it is that it can land anywhere. Captain Faweett’s first passenger was a doctor ____17____ flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the mountains. Since then, Fawceut ___18___ (fly) passengers to many unusual places. Recently, Captain Fawcet has just refused a strange request ___19___ a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, but Captain Fawcett did not take him _____20_____ the trip was too dangerous. 【答案】17. who 18. has flown 19. from 20. because 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ben Fawcett船长购买了一架不同寻常的出租车——一架小型瑞士飞机，并用它搭载乘客到各种不同寻常的地方的故事。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Fawcett船长的第一位乘客是一位医生，他从伯明翰飞往山区的一个偏僻村庄。分析句子结构，可知此处应填入关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a doctor，且在从句中作主语，故填who。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，Fawcett船长载着乘客飞往了许多不同寻常的地方。根据时间状语Since then可知，此处应使用现在完成时，表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，故填has flown。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：最近，Fawcett船长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪请求。可知此处应填入介词，表示“来自”，故填from。 【20题详解】 考查连词。句意：但Fawcett船长没有带他去，因为这次旅行太危险了。空白处应填入连词，表示原因，引导原因状语从句，故填because。 三、阅读理解(共两部分，共38分) (一)阅读选择(共14小题：每小题2分，共28分) A Are you a recent graduate? Do you have passion for helping others? Are you looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment? If so, you may be interested in the World Bank’s Junior Professional Associate (JPA) program. The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. In your JPA assignment, you’ll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty. What are we looking for? You should be 28 years of age or younger. Your academic achievements are superior. Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization such as: economics, finance, human development, social sciences, agriculture, environment, etc. An equivalent of a bachelor’s(学士)degree is the minimum. You are fluent in English and, preferably, in at least one other bank language (Chinese, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, or Portuguese). You love technology and integrate it in your work. What are we offering you? We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits. Since this program is highly competitive, applicants may be asked to submit academic records as well as references. The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview. Positions may be located in any of the World Bank’s offices across the world. How to apply? Interested candidates may apply online. Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a period of six months. Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months, you will need to re-apply. 21. The JPA program helps the young ______. A. graduate with high honors B. find solid and well-paid jobs C. get entry-level work experience D. challenge their senior workmates 22. What is necessary to be qualified for the JPA program? A. Age 28 or under. B. Superb technology skills. C. Having a master’s degree. D. Fluency in English and Latin. 23. What will the World Bank offer? A. A two-year contract with welfare. B. Interviews with general managers. C. Positions in applicants’ hometowns. D. Analytical and research skills training. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍JPA项目的招聘要求，项目提供的内容和如何申请加入JPA项目。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of international development. (JPA项目是一个独特的机会，可以获得入门级的专业经验，并直接接触国际开发的挑战和回报。)”可知，JPA项目可以帮助年轻人获得入门级工作经验。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据What are we looking for?中的“You should be 28 years of age or younger.(你的年龄应该在28岁或以下。)” 可知获得JPA项目资格的必要条件是年龄要在28岁或以下，故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据What are we offering you? 中的“We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution, on a two-year contract with benefits.(我们将为您提供在一流开发机构获得入门级专业经验的机会，合同为期两年，并附带福利。)”可知世界银行将提供一份为期两年的合同并附带福利。故选A。 B With the drugs that she created, Getrade Elion achieved her life’s mission: to relieving human suffering. Beyond the individual drugs she discovered, she pioneered a now, more scientific approach to drug development that forever changed medical research. When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path. At age 19, with a degree in chemistry, she looked for work. She took jobs as a secretary, a chemistry teacher, and an unpaid worker in a lab. Finally, in 1944, Elion found the job of her dreams, assisting George Hitchings at Burroughs Wellcome, a drug company. Hitchings and Elion gave up the traditional trial-and-error approach to drug development, in favor of a scientific approach. Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease. Elion’s first major discovery was a substance that disrupts the formation of leukaemia cells. But the effect failed to last long. Elion determined to find a way to make the effects of her drug last longer. Elion’s final major breakthrough was in the development of the drug acyclovir. Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body. However, through tireless efforts, the drug Elion’s team developed could be used to fight many diseases. Elion’s name appears on 45 patents for life-saving and life-changing drugs. Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development. As a result, although she died in 1999 at the age of 81, Gertrude Elion is still saving lives. 24. What inspired Elion to go into medical research? A. Her grandfather’s death. B. Her teaching experience. C. A drug company’s influence. D. George Hitching’s encouragement. 25. What was the key to stopping disease according to Elion? A. Finding a poisonous substance to kill viruses. B. Quickening the speed of growth of all cells. C. Preventing the formation of bacteria. D. Removing tissues attacked by bacteria. 26. What did other scientists think of the drug acyclovir at first? A. It should be put into use immediately. B. It might be harmful to human bodies. C. It could only have short-term effects. D. It could be used to fight many diseases 27. Why did Elion win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine? A. She pioneered a new way of developing drugs. B. She discovered a life-saving drug. C. She obtained 45 patents. D. She adopted a trial-and-error approach in medical research 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gertrude Elion的生平事迹及其在药物研发领域的重大贡献。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“When she was 15, Elion’s grandfather died from cancer painfully. The experience decided her career path.(Elion15岁的时候，她的祖父痛苦地死于癌症。这段经历决定了她的职业道路。)”可知，祖父的去世激励Elion从事医学研究。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“Starting from the understanding that all cells require nucleic acid (核酸) to reproduce, they reasoned that rapidly growing bacteria (细菌) require even more to keep the pace of growth. Find a way to disrupt (扰乱) their life cycle, and you find a way to stop disease.(从所有细胞都需要核酸来繁殖的认识出发，他们推断，快速生长的细菌需要更多的核酸来保持生长的速度。找到一种方法来破坏它们的生命周期，你就找到了一种方法来阻止疾病。)”可知，根据Elion的说法，阻止疾病的关键是阻止细菌的形成。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Scientists doubted that drugs could be invented to fight viruses: any substance that would kill a virus would be poisonous to the body.(科学家们对发明药物对抗病毒表示怀疑：任何能杀死病毒的物质对人体都是有毒的。)”可知，其他科学家一开始担心阿昔洛韦可能对人体有害。故选B。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Though her individual discoveries were significant, when Elion received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, it wasn’t for one particular drug — it was for a new, more reasonable approach to drug development.(虽然Elion的个人发现意义重大，但当她在1988年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖时，并不是因为一种特定的药物，而是因为一种新的、更合理的药物开发方法。)”可知，Elion会获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖是因为她开创了一种开发药物的新方法。故选A。 C The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals. Xenobots are formed from the stem cells of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), from which it takes its name. “Frogs have a way of reproducing that they normally use, but when you liberate the stem cells from the embryo(胚胎) and you give them a chance to figure out how to be in a new environment, not only do they figure out a new way to move, but they also figure out apparently a new way to reproduce,” said Michael Levin, a professor of biology at Tufts University, who was co-lead author of the new research. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to develop into different cell types. To make the xenobots, the researchers removed living stem cells from frog embryos and left them to develop. “Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,” said Josh Bongard, a computer science professor and robotics expert at the University of Vermont and lead author of the study. “In that way, it’s a robot, but it’s also clearly an organism made from frog cells.” The researchers found that the xenobots could replicate(自我复制). But it happened rarely and only in specific circumstances. The xenobots used “kinetic replication”—a process that is known to occur at the molecular(分子) level. With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication. The supercomputer came up with a C-shape that looked like Pac-Man, the 1980s video game. They found it was able to find tiny stem cells, gather hundreds of them inside its mouth, and a few days later the pack of cells became new xenobots. “The AI didn’t program these machines in the way we usually think about writing code. It shaped and sculpted and came up with this Pac-Man shape,” Bongard said. “The shape is, in essence, the program. The shape influences how the xenobots behave to speed up this incredibly surprising process.” The xenobots are very early technology-think of a 1940s computer—and don’t yet have any practical applications. However, this combination of molecular biology and artificial intelligence could potentially be used in many tasks in the body and the environment. This may include things like collecting microplastics in the oceans, inspecting root systems and regenerative medicine. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to solve problems,” Bongard said. 28. According to Josh Bongard, a robot should be defined in terms of ______. A. its function B. its reliability C. its appearance D. its material 29. What can we learn about xenobots from the passage? A. Xenobots have copied stem cells using computer programs. B. Specialized cells play a key role in the replication of xenobots. C. AI makes it possible for xenobots to replicate more effectively. D. The shape of xenobots was inspired from a video game in the 1980s. 30. What is the author’s attitude towards future applications of xenobots? A. Disapproving. B. Optimistic. C. Unconcerned. D. Objective. 31. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Where does the unnatural replication process lead? B. Arc xenobots the future of artificial intelligence? C. The uncertain role of robot reproduction D. Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Most people think of robots as being made of metal, but it’s not so much what a robot is made from but what it does, which is act on its own on behalf of people,(大多数人认为机器人是由金属制成的，但问题不在于机器人是由什么制成的，而在于它能做什么，也就是代表人类独立行动。)”可知，根据Josh Bongard的说法，机器人应该根据它的功能来定义。故选A。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“With the help of artificial intelligence, the researchers then tested billions of body shapes to make the xenobots more effective at this type of replication.(在人工智能的帮助下，研究人员测试了数十亿个体型，以使异种机器人在这种类型的复制上更有效。)”可知，人工智能使异种机器人更有效地复制成为可能。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity and ability of cells to soh l problems(如果我们利用细胞的这种可塑性和能力来解决问题，就有可能实现很多事情。)”可推断，作者对异种机器人的未来应用持乐观态度。故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The US scientists who created the first living robots say the life forms, known as xenobots, can now reproduce—and in a way not seen in plants and animals.(创造出第一批活体机器人的美国科学家表示，这种被称为“异种机器人”的生命形式现在可以繁殖了，而且是以一种在动植物中未见过的方式。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出一批可以复制的“异种机器人”，并阐述了研究过程和发展前景。所以“Fact or fantasy? Robots can reproduce(事实还是幻想?机器人可以复制)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 D The constant rise of global demand for protein poses a threat of meat shortage in the agricultural sector. To address this, a few scientists use artificial meat as an alternative to traditional ones, which from the growing process to its benefits proves it does no harm or even it does good to us. Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells. The cells are then cultured with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince, and so it is also called “cultured” meat. “Cultured meat is not genetically engineered,” Dr. Mark Post of Maastricht University says. “It is meat grown from the same cells that produce the meat in the cow, but this time outside the cow.” He believes that cultured meat shouldn’t be any better or worse for you than old-school animal flesh. This may sound like science fiction, but it is not such a strange idea and there are reasons to be excited about it. The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way,“ said Hanna Tuomisto, a researcher at Oxford University. The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat. Tuomisto’s research also shows that cultured meat could be part of the solution to feeding the world’s growing population, at the same time cutting emissions (排放) and saving both energy and water. Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition. Animal protein is an increasing part of diets, as millions of people in rapidly emerging economies are drawn out of poverty and become able to afford more meat in their diets. The pressure this creates has been an important factor in rapidly rising grain prices, deforestation in the Amazon basin, increasing water shortage and rising pressure to find new farmland. Growing meat artificially could potentially take huge pressure off farmlands around the world. Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species. If most of our meat was grown, there would be no need for factory farms. Conditions for animals could be greatly improved. Elsewhere, it could also stop illegal endangered species hunts by providing an alternative way to produce meat form these species. Exactly how long it takes before the meat is sold in supermarkets depends on the investment in research and development. One thing seems clear: Unless vegetarianism catches on in a very big way, the world’s demand for meat will soon outpace our supply of cows, chickens, pigs and other edible animals. The health and environmental impacts of cultured meat aren’t going to be hypothetical (假设的) for much longer. 32. What does the underlined word ”cultured" probably mean? A. grown. B. sorted. C. connected. D. shaped. 33. Compared with traditional meat, the artificial meat ____________. A. tastes much better B. contains more nutrients C. saves more natural resources D. changes people’s habit of eating meat 34. The author tries to persuade the readers to accept his argument mainly by. A. comparing the results from different researches B. showing the current situation of food consumption C. presenting the problems caused by meat shortage D. explaining the advantages of the artificial meat 【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工肉（cultured meat）的产生、优点以及对未来的影响。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Currently, one of the most advanced techniques to grow meat in the lab involves taking cells from an animal and changing them to muscle cells. The cells are then… with nutrients and essential vitamins and can be developed to any quantity and then shaped into hamburgers, steaks or mince(目前，实验室培育肉类最先进的技术之一是从动物身上提取细胞并将其转化为肌肉细胞。然后，这些细胞在营养和必需维生素的……下，可以发展到任何数量，然后塑造成汉堡、牛排或肉末)”可知，划线词“cultured”的意思是“培养的，生长的”，故选A。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The process would require between 7% and 45% less energy than the same volume of conventionally produced meat such as pork, beef or lamb, and could be engineered to use only 1% of the land and 4% of the water associated with conventional meat.(该过程所需的能源将比同等体积的传统肉类（如猪肉、牛肉或羊肉）减少7%到45%，并且可以设计为仅使用传统肉类所需土地的1%和水资源的4%)”可知，与传统肉类相比，人工肉可以节省更多的自然资源，故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The environment impacts of cultured meat could be lower than those of meat produced in the conventional way(培养肉对环境的影响可能比传统方式生产的肉类要小)”、第四段“Aside from the above benefits, cultured meat should also provide cheap nutrition(除了上述好处，培养的肉还应该提供廉价的营养)”以及第五段“Another benefit would be to help animal welfare and protect endangered species(另一个好处是帮助动物福利和保护濒危物种)”可知，作者主要通过解释人工肉的优点来说服读者接受他的观点，故选D。 【二】阅读还原(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文肉容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空自处的最佳选项。 Farms of the Future Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. ___35___ Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. ___36___ Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. ____37____ These have been well recognized. Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal. ___38___ They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. ____39____ They would need additional light sources. Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come. A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms. B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops. C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem. D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms. E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities. F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances. G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。 【35题详解】 上文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land available for farming一致，故选C。 【36题详解】 上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use these skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。 【37题详解】 上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。 【38题详解】 设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。 【39题详解】 上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。 四、选词填空(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 选词填空 consumption shortage reality objective remarkable 40. After overcoming numerous difficulties, she turned her dream into________. 41. Seeing farmers often had a serious food ________ Yuan Longing decided to study agriculture. 42. The team planned a project with the _________of boosting rice output. 43. Gas and oil _________ always increases in cold weather. 44. She was awarded the prize for her ________ achievement. 【答案】40. reality 41. shortage 42. objective 43. consumption 44. remarkable 【解析】 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：克服了无数困难之后，她把梦想变成了现实。根据上文“turned her dream into(把梦想变成了)”可知此处需要一个名词，表示“变成”的对象，并且这个对象与dream(梦想)相对应，应该选择reality(现实)。故填reality。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：看到农民经常面临严重的粮食短缺问题，袁隆平决定研究农业。根据下文“Yuan Longping decided to study agriculture(袁隆平决定研究农业)”可知此处需要一个名词来解释袁隆平研究农业的原因，应该选择shortage(短缺)，并且与food(食物)搭配使用，表示“食物短缺”。故填shortage。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：团队策划了一个项目，目的是提高水稻产量。根据上文“the ... of boosting rice output(提高水稻产量的)”可知此处需要一个名词来说明项目的意图或目标，应该选择objective(目标)。故填objective。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：寒冷天气里天然气和石油的消耗量总是增加。根据下文“always increases in cold weather(寒冷天气里总是增加)”可知此处需要一个名词来说明在寒冷天气里增加的东西，应该选择consumption(消耗量)。故填consumption。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她因其非凡的成就而获奖。根据上文“She was awarded the prize for her ... achievement(她因其……成就而获奖)”可知此处需要一个形容词来修饰achievement(成就)，应该选择remarkable(非凡的、显著的)。故填remarkable。 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 conclude gradual commit equality convince 45. Tu Youyou is a/an_______ and patient scientist. 46. We haven’t drawn a /an _________ until the meeting ended. 47. His speech was so _________ that almost all the students agreed to his viewpoint. 48. It is estimated that ________ between countries will be worse in this technology age. 49. Following this, he_______ became famous throughout the world. 【答案】45. committed 46. conclusion 47. convincing 48. inequality 49. gradually 【解析】 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位执着且耐心的科学家。根据下文“and patient scientist(耐心的科学家)”可知此处需要一个形容词来修饰scientist，并且与patient并列。应选择commit(承诺、投入)，并转换成形容词形式committed(执着的、投入的)来修饰scientist，故填committed。 【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：直到会议结束我们才得出结论。根据上文“haven’t drawn a/an(还没有得到)”可知此处需要一个名词，且该名词需要与动词draw搭配使用，应选择conclude(得出结论)，并转换成名词形式conclusion(结论)，故填conclusion。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他的演讲非常有说服力，几乎所有的学生都同意他的观点。根据下文“almost all the students agreed to his viewpoint(几乎所有的学生都同意他的观点)”可知此处需要一个形容词来修饰speech，并且表示“有说服力的”。应选择convince(使信服)，并转换成形容词形式convincing(有说服力的)，故填convincing。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：预计在这个科技时代，国与国之间的不平等将会加剧。根据下文“will be worse in this technology age(在这个科技时代将会变得更糟)”可知此处需要一个名词来表示“不平等”，应选择equality(平等)，并转换成其反义词inequality(不平等)，故填inequality。 【49题详解】 考查副词。句意：继这一事件后，他逐渐地在全世界变得有名。根据下文“became famous throughout the world(在全世界变得有名)”可知此处需要一个副词来修饰动词became，表示“逐渐地”。应选择gradual(逐渐的)，并转换成副词形式gradually(逐渐地)，故填gradually。 五、书面表达(共2节，32分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today’s modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourself The starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good manners No matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others’ backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questions When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 50. What is cultural competence according to the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. >To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can you think of to develop your cultural competence? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 51. Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 52. To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 53. To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。 【50题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. 【51题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What’s more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because people can resolve issues creatively and build trust between each other. 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据Assess yourself部分的“This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice good manners部分的“Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an impolite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don’t understand others’ behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. Because according to the passage, we have to make sure that we’re speaking to others in a kind and polite way. 【53题详解】 开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：To develop cultural competence, we should learn about different cultures by reading relevant books and searching for information online to equip ourselves with knowledge. It is advisable to join an intercultural communication workshop to interact with people from diverse backgrounds to improve our intercultural communication skills. 六、写作《共20分》(原创) 54. 假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。你校英文网站正在举办主题为“Heroes in your eyes’”的英文征文活动。请给你班英国交换生 Jim 与一封信，内容包括： 1. 介绍活动； 2. 邀请参加。 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jim, I have a piece of good news for you. Our school's English website is currently hosting an English essay contest with the theme of 'Heroes in your eyes'. It has been warmly welcomed by all the students. Knowing that you are very good at English writing, I am writing to invite you to participate in this event. The specific requirements are as follows: the number of words for the essay should not be less than 800. Your hero can be a scientist, a sports celebrity, or an ordinary person around you. Please submit it to Mr. Wang in the 512 office before next Friday. If your essay is rated as excellent, it will be posted on the website for everyone to appreciate. Looking forward to your participation. Yours, sincerely Lihua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假设你是红星中学高二年级学生李华。你校英文网站正在举办主题为“Heroes in your eyes’”的英文征文活动。请给你班英国交换生 Jim 与一封信 介绍该活动并邀请参加。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：host→hold 主题：theme→topic 擅长：be good at→do well in 优秀的：excellent→outstanding 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Our school's English website is currently hosting an English essay contest with the theme of 'Heroes in your eyes'. It has been warmly welcomed by all the students.  拓展句：Our school's English website is currently hosting an English essay contest with the theme of 'Heroes in your eyes', which has been warmly welcomed by all the students.  【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are very good at English writing, I am writing to invite you to participate in this event.(运用了现在分词Knowing 作原因状语以及that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] If your essay is rated as excellent, it will be posted on the website for everyone to appreciate.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $