Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Learning Objectives Find out the stages of scientific research in this passage. Learn about John Snow’s research process Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking 2 According to the title and pictures, the story is going to tell us information about... John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Who ? How ? What ? The text is mainly about ____________ and _______ he defeated king cholera. how John Snow We can predict that… It used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world. It causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. Millions of people in Europe died from it in the early 19th century. He is a British doctor who defeats the cholera He attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. Who? What? JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” Read the title and predict. 约翰·斯诺 n.腹泻 n.脱水 =serious 维多利亚的在位时间（1837年～1901年）长达64年，是英国历史上在位时间第二长的君主，仅次于伊丽莎白·亚历山德拉·玛丽·温莎女王（1952年～）70年+。 4 戴手套 2.Watch the video to learn to protect from cholera. What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？ It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. dehydration (缺水) severe vomiting(呕吐) diarrhea(腹泻) 6 Many years ago, the cholera in the world killed millions of people. People were very afraid of it, but they didn't know what to do. Luckily, a young doctor decided to find out how to prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the doctor won the battle. John Snow run nucleic acid tests get vaccinated We are taking measures to fight against coronavirus! Are you familiar with these situations ? Covid-19: Battling the devil It was discovered in the human body in 2019. The virus is generally characterised by fever, dry cough and gradually dyspnea(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was confirmed to be with the phenomenon of human transmission and have latent infection. The disease had no specific treatment at that time, so it broke out in 2020 and swept the globe. COVID-19 Besides coronavirus, what other kinds of epidemics（流 行病） have you heard of? bird-flu（禽流感） malaria（疟疾） plague（鼠疫） Ebola(埃博拉) John snow “King cholera” Fast reading Read the passage quickly and choose the correct key words to summarize each paragraph. Paragraphs Main idea 1 2-3 4 5 What? Who? How? The truth Results and significance Activity 2: Read the passage again and find the main information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King cholera. P1: Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome. 14 P2: John Snow found a problem. P3: John Snow conducted research to stop the disease. adj.many P4: John found the truth about cholera. P5: John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases. n. 流行病学 v. change 1.Read the whole text quickly and match the main idea Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4 Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera. John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Snow began his study by marking on the map. Truth of the infection of cholera. Snow's contributions. Para. 3 While-reading 19 Tip 1 Analyze the structure Who & What How to defeat Truth Achievements Please divide the passgae into four parts. To find Who ? What ? check What is the Cholera? check Who is John Snow? Cholera John Snow It's one of ______________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________. _____________________ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit ________ milions of people ____________________. He rose to become _______________ , and even __________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth. John Snow became ___________ because no one knew _____________________________. However, he had a desire to ______________ once and for all. the most feared diseases severe diarrhoea and dehydration In the early 19th century Europe died from the disease frustrated how to prevent or treat cholera a famous doctor attended to destroy cholera Para.1 Research background Who was John Snow? How did John Snow defeat King Cholera? What is King Cholera? Activity 1: Read the title and predict. What does “ King ” imply in the title? Cholera is powerful and hard to cure. a British doctor. one of the most feared diseases and millions of people died from it in the early 19th century. He conducted research and found out how cholera spread. 过去曾经是 导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡 霍乱的暴发 死于 感到沮丧的 知道如何预防或治疗霍乱 照料 分娩 他的彻底根除霍乱的愿望 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until [a British doctor]. John Snow, [showed how it could be overcome]. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. [In the early 19th century], when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. [As a young doctor], John Snow became frustrated [because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera]. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. Para.1 used to be severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death outbreak of cholera die from frustrated how to prevent or treat cholera attend to give birth his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 在英国医生约翰・斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，崔乱暴发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰・斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医。甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望 all at once　　 突然；同时 at once 立刻，马上 once and again 一而再，再三 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. 宾语从句 Para 1 宾语 同位语 时间状语从句 “令人恐惧的” “变得沮丧” 原因状语从句 “随着时间的推移” “升迁” rise-rose-risen “照顾；照料” the desire to do “做...的愿望” 27 (1)On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore. (2)She was praised for having attended (on/upon)/to her sick mother. (2)I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to . attend to attend vt.出席；参加 vt.& vi.照顾；护理 vi.处理 attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听报告/上学 attend to sb. /sth. 照料……；处理……；招待…… attend (on/upon) sb. 伺候某人，照顾某人 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. until 引导 ____________ 从句， how 引导 _______ 从句。 时间状语 宾语 I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. until 表示“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句； not … until 表示“直到……才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。 Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1) 29 He didn’t go to bed until he completed his homework. (对画线部分进行强调) not until 用于强调句型中 要强调until后面的部分： ①需要把until部分提前 ②还要把not一起提前 → It wasn’t until he completed his homework that he went to bed. It wasn’t until …… that ＋ 句子的其余部分 Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) It wasn’t until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (改为一般疑问句) Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed? not until 用于一般疑问句型中 强调句的一般疑问句形式： Is / Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋句子的其余部分 Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 1. The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in. 2. The sports meet will not be held until next week. → ______ ______ next week _____ the sports meet be held. Not until will not until 用于倒装结构 → Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。 He ____________________ the game had begun. 2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等 到DVD版出来才看。 If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I will _________________________________. 3. 直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ wait until it comes out on DVD didn’t arrive until Not until John went to college did he realize the importance of time. 即学即练 Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 教材原句2 In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。 in time作“终于；迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。 in time及时；终于；迟早作“及时”讲时，后常跟for sth. 或to do sth. 。 (1)You will succeed in time ，as long as you don’t give up. 只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。 (2)The doctor came in time (save) his life.医生及时赶到并抢救了他的生命。 (3)Lucky for him，he was just in time the bus.幸运的是，他及时赶上了公共汽车。 to save for 教材原句1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera.作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。 句式分析： 句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。 in time 迟早；最终；及时 1. Keep on working, and you’ll succeed in time. 2. You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up. 与time有关的短语 for the first time all the time ahead of time at the same time in no time at one time at times from time to time on time for the time being at a time 首次 一直；始终 提前 同时 立刻；马上 曾经；一度 有时，偶尔 偶尔；间或 准时 暂时；眼下 每次；逐一；依次 35 Tip 2 Find topic sentences and key phrases Part 1 (Para.1) Cholera, causing death and other severe illnesses, used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a young British doctor who never lost his desire to destroy cholera showed how it could be overcome. Tip 3 Replace the words with similar expressions participial phrases(分词短语) attributive clause(定语从句) Tip 2 Find topic sentences and key phrases Part 1 (Para.1) Cholera, causing death and other severe illnesses, used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a young British doctor who never lost his desire to destroy cholera showed how it could be overcome. Tip 3 Replace the words with similar expressions Cholera, which caused death and other severe illnesses, used to be one of the most scared diseases in the world, until a young British doctor never losing his desire to defeat cholera showed how it could be overcome. Stages in scientific research Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method 38 Two contradictory theories Theory one: caused by ________ Theory two: caused by _______ Symptoms Symptoms cough sneeze runny nose lung diarrhoea dehydration ✔ bad air germs Snow subscribed to the second theory. Para. 2 Find a problem 39 大体上 两种截然不同的看法 细菌感染 赞同 证据 因此 两条特定街道 决心做某事 In general, doctors [in those days] had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection [from germs in food or water.] Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why in general two contradictory theories infection from germs subscribe to proof consequently two particular streets be determined to do 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦暴发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 Para.2 Part 2 (Para.2-3) First...Second...Third...At last... At first...Then...What’s more...Moreover...As a result... Tip 4 Use proper linking words John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. Para 2 “一般说来” 宾语从句 后置定语 表语从句 表语从句 “同意;赞同” 时间状语从句 “袭击；攻击” a hit song It hits sb that... 很火/热门歌曲 “如此...以至于”，结果状语从句 宾语从句 “下定决心干某事” “因此” 某人突然想到 42 教材原句 3 One theory was that bad air caused the disease. 有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。 句式分析：本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用 翻译：我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个家。 My dream was _____________________. that I could have a home 句式分析：本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟_____引导的________。在宾语从句中, 含有_________引导的________________。 结果状语从句 that 宾语从句 so…that…. 教材原句 4 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。 so … that … 意为“如此……以至于……”，用来引导结果状语从句。 3. It is so busy a day that we don’t go swimming. 主语 + 实义动词 + so + 副词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词（be, become, feel 等）+ so + 形容词 + that 从句 主语 + 系动词 + so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out. 44 主语 + 谓语 + so + many / few + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that 从句 主语 + 谓语 + so + many (much, few, little) + that 从句 I have made so many mistakes that I must stay at home to reflect on them. The shirt cost so much that I did not want to take it. What a pity! We have got so little money that we can not eat at restaurants. 当“so＋形容词/副词”及such... 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn’t dare to move an inch. 在黑暗中，他太害怕了，一步也不敢动。 Such a difficult question did I find it is that I can’t work it out. 我发现这个题太难，我算不出。 So nervous was the speaker that his legs were trembling 这个演讲者如此紧张，以至于双腿发抖 完成句子 He _________________he accepted her invitation. 他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。 It_______________that I’d like to go there again. 这个露营地点如此好，以至于我想再去一次。 There_________________ that the host felt sad. 宾客如此之少，主人为此感到伤心。 It is _________________ that I can’t lift it. 这个箱子如此重以至于我提不起来。 is so good a camping spot were so few guests such a heavy box was so foolish that Based on para.3, mark on the map the exact places. What does the red stars stand for? multiple deaths happened here. What does the green stars stand for? No death happened here. Why? CLUE: free beer from public house Suspect that the water from the pump was to blame. Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more,in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks Para.3 在地图上标出确切位置 多例死亡 水泵 尤其是 家庭住户 怀疑…… 水泵就是罪魁祸首 似乎…… 让人打水 因为 宣布 于是 让人拆掉了水泵把手 通过这一干预举措 mark on a map the exact places multiple deaths water pump especially household suspect that the water pump was to blame It seemed that have water delivered as a result of announce accordingly have the handle of the pump removed through this intervention 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，但是有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. Para 3 by+doing “通过...方式” 定语从句 “因而”，连接两个并列的谓语 宾语从句 50 教材原句 5 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。 句式分析：where引导定语从句，先行词为_____，where在定语从句中做______；who引导定语从句，先行词为_______，who在从句中作_____。 主语 places 状语 those It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. have sth. done 结构 so….that 引导结果状语从句 It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句 教材原句6 这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。 It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句.b常用于该句型结构有： It seemed that...(看上去) It happened that …(碰巧) It turned out that …(证明是) It appeared that...(显得) “have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的用法有以下几种： have sb. /sth. doing 让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义) have sb. do 让某人做某事（省略to） have sth. done 让/请别人做某事；遭受到 ___________________we were wrong. 结果证明我们错了。 _______________________he was out that day. 碰巧他那天出去了。 They had the car ___________(run)all the way. She had planned to have her daughter_______ (marry) Laurie. As we left we had a photograph _________(take)together. It happened that It turned out that marry running taken 完成句子 (1)__________________that you disagree on the plan.在我看来你不同意这个计划。 (2)__________________ the harvest was bad that year.那年碰巧收成不好。 (3)We did___________ we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 我们做得很好，以至于被邀请与学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。 (4)She is __________________________________we all like her. 她是一个非常可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。 (5)In order to make herself more beautiful, she_______________ yesterday. 为了使自己更漂亮，她昨天把头发剪了。 (6)It is not a good idea to ___________________all the time. 让机器一直运转不是一个好主意。 It seems to me It happened that so well that so lovely a girl that/such a lovely girl that had her hair cut have the machine running 即学即练 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. Para 3 表语从句 “似乎...” “have sth done” 宾语从句 “因此” 目的状语从句 have my hair cut have the problem fixed 54 Para.3 Draw a conclusion As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. announce Pump water carried the cholera germs. Remove the handle of the pump The disease was stopped 55 so that 引导结果状语从句时， 意义为“结果是……”，“以至于……”，一般不与情态动词连用，有时可用逗号与主句隔开，有时则不用。这种从句可用 so … that … 从句来转换。 = It rained so hard that we had to stay at home yesterday. Compare and Find It rained hard yesterday so that we had to stay at home. Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 56 Snow had the_______ of the pump removed. E It was believed that cholera was caused by _______ or germs in _____________. A Snow __________ _______the places where people who _____ had lived. B bad air food or water marked on died The pump water carried____________. D cholera germs handle a map Many deaths occurred near the __________ in Broad Street. Some people _______ drunk the water from the pump, and lived. A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ____________ ______________. C water pump had not from the pump drinking water Read from Para. 2-3 again and complete the chart below. conclusion evidence process solution theories conclusion evidence process solution theories check Help John Snow find the root of the problem? Broad Street pump had been badly infected by waste Water companies sold water from River Thames River Thames was polluted by raw waste The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water Para.4 事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯浄水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染 上霍乱。(Para. 4, Line 4) more than 结构可以由 far, much, a little, slightly, hardly, nothing, no 等词修饰，一般置于 more than 结构前。 Observe and Find (1) This little man was hardly more than 1.5m fifty tall. (2) She could have thought of nothing more likely to please her brother than this praise of Maggie. Important sentences (P2 ~ P3) 60 ______ 显示A与B间的联系 ______ 未处理的废弃物 __ 更容易做某事 ___纯浄水或开水 show a link between A and B raw waste be likely to do pure or boiled wate What did John Snow achieve? check The threat od cholera saw a substantial decrease The measures of prevent cholera Transformed the way scientists study diseases Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology Para.5 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰・斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。 _____世界各地霍乱的威胁 __________大幅降低 ______________多亏 _______通过使用地图和数据 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式 ___________被誉为现代流行病学之父 the threat of cholera a substantial decrease thanks to use of maps and statistics transform the way scientists study diseases be considered the father of modern epidemiology 教材原句7 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，霍乱对世界各地的威胁大幅减少。 句式分析 ： “the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease”是一个以无生命的名词词组作主语的句式。“无生命的名词＋see/find/witness…”意为“……经历、发生、见证、目睹某事”。有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、见证或目睹某事。 ________________________________．自1990年以来，这个城市发生了巨大的变化。 ________________________________________.二十世纪经历了两次世界大战。 完成句子 (1)________________ the improvement of people’s life.这棵老树见证了人们的生活得到了改善。 (2)________________him wandering alone in the evening.傍晚，他独自一人在寂静的街道上徘徊。 英译汉 (3)The last ten years have witnessed great changes in our city. _______________________________________ (4)The street light found the girl crying.______________________________________ The old tree has seen The quiet street found 过去十年我们的城市发生了巨大的变化 街灯下那个女孩在哭 The city has seen great changes since 1990 The twentieth century witnessed two world wars 8. transform [træns'fɔːm]:v.使改观;使改变形态; 改变; 转变 transform A into B(from c) 把A变成B A be transformed into B (from c) A被变成B transformer  n.促使改变的人或物；变压器 transformation  n.[C&U]改变;转化 We can transform electricity into light energy as well as into heat energy. =Electricity can be transformed into light energy as well as into heat energy (by us). “把……变成……”的表达方式还有： (1)translate... into... 把…变成…；把…翻译成… (2)change/turn... into... 把……变成…… (3)divide... into... 把…变成…；把…划分成… 教材原句6 . The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 前后两个who均引导定语从句。 During those times, music can help you in the same way_________________it helped me. 在那些时候，音乐可以像帮助我一样帮助你。 He found a way ___________led to success. 他找到了一条通向成功的路。 The way_____________he told me sounds ridiculous, but I will give it a try. 他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑，但我要试一试。 教材原句8 Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.此外，通过使用地图和统计数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 【句式剖析】 本句是主从复合句“scientists study diseases”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“the way”。 在含有定语从句的复合句中，the way作先行词时有以下三种情况： (1)关系词在定语从句中作状语，关系词用in which，that或省略。 (2)关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用that或which。 (3)关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词用that, which或省略。 which/that that/in which/省略 that/which/省略 【针对练习】 单句语法填空 (1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _______________ he said it. (2)No one will support the way _______________ he mentioned at the meeting. (3)Is this the way __________ was against by many people? 完成句子 (4)The Smiths are praised for__________________their children. 史密斯夫妇因教育孩子的方式而受到称赞。 (5)I don’t know____________________ such a big fire. 我不知道汤姆是怎么在这么大的火灾中幸存下来的。 (6)Is this the way you can imagine_______________________________ ? 这是你能想象到的减少空气污染的方法吗？ in which/that/省略 that/which/省略 which/that the way they bring up the way Tom survived to reduce/of reducing the air pollution To set out a new scientific idea through a scientific research, what qualities do you think are the three most important ones that the researcher should be equipped with? And give your reasons in brief. hard-working lazy patient edgy(急躁的) sympathetic wise devoted selfish creative reliable calm stubborn generous responsible cautious handsome imaginative determined Group-working To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. ----Albert Einstein& Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。 —阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 &利奥波德·英费尔德 Quote： 2.What scientific spirits can we learn from Snow? He never lost his desire to destroy the cholera. determined ambitious passionate strict strong-willed serious tireless hard-working gifted/talented diligent intelligent/smart innovative/creative confident Para. 2 Ask a question What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854? He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 73 Post-reading Ⅲ 74 strong sense of social responsibility professional knowledge leadship Discussion theretical background critical thinking creativity questioning mind logical reasoning research methods statistical ability determination inspiration devotion Lavf58.20.100 Codec by Bilibili XCode Worker v4.8.54(fixed_gap:False) 学科网 rbm.xkw.com rbm.xkw.com 270934.53 $$