2024年中考英语语法课件-现在完成时

现在完成时 初中英语语法课件 The Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Tense 1 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响，还表示过去已经开始，并且持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时定义 2 2 3 1 现在完成时定义三要素 现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作 一个动作开始于过去并持续到现在 一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响 3 第一、二人称单数(I/you)/各人称复数(we/you/they)+ have+过去分词 They have been in Beijing since 2011. 他们从2011年起就一直在北京。 现在完成时肯定句的构成 4  I have been to many countries. 我去过许多国家。 现在完成时肯定句的构成 5 第三人称单数(he/she/it)+ has+过去分词 Tom has been absent for three days. 汤姆三天没来了。 She has gone to the town. 她进城了。 现在完成时肯定句的构成 6 We have known each other since 2005. 我们从2005年认识的。 I have lived in Wuhan for several years. 我在武汉住了好几年了。 例1 例2 7 现在完成时结构 肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+... 否定句:主语+haven’t ( have not) +过去分词… 主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词... 疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词...? I haven’t finished my homework. 我还没有完成作业。 Have you finished your homework? 你完成作业了没？ I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。 8 现在完成时的否定句的构成 主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词+宾语，表示没有做过... 9 They haven't finished the job yet. 他们尚未完成该项工作。 She hasn't travelled on a train . 她没有坐火车旅行过。 I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。 10 现在完成时的疑问句的构成 现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成 Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语 11 Have they finished the job yet? 他们还没有完成这项工作吗？ —Have you ever made dumplings? 你曾经做过饺子吗? Have they found the lost books yet? 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗? —Yes ，they have. 是的，他们找到了。 —Yes ，I have. 是的，我做过。 —Yes ，they have. 是的，他们还没完成。 12 现在完成时的疑问句的构成 现在完成时的特殊疑问句的构成 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) 13 When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 14 现在完成时的标志词 1 标志词：already(已经), yet(已经) already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾. I have already seen this film. 我已经看过这部电影了。 I haven’t seen this film yet. 我还没有看这部电影。 Have you seen this film yet? 你看过这部电影了没？ 现在完成时的标志词 2 since: (自…以来) since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 现在完成时的标志词 2 since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. 现在完成时的用法 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have planted all the trees. 截止目前，我们种完了所有的树。 He has just come back. 他已经回来了。 They have built many buildings in this city. 他们在这个城市建成了好多建筑物。 现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。 Someone has broken the window. I have already lost the key. I haven’t read that book yet . I have just cleaned my hands. (窗户现在是坏的) (我现在没有钥匙) (不了解书的内容) (手是干净的) 现在完成时的用法 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. 她学英语已经五年了。 He has lived in Beijing since he was born . 从他出生那天起就住在北京。 Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 他住在深圳四年了吗？ 过去分词的变化（规则） 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 　 live---lived---lived 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 drop---dropped--dropped 21 过去分词的变化（不规则） A.过去分词与不规则动词的过去式形式一样 have—had—had spend —spent—spent make—made—made say—said—said find—found—found hear—heard—heard meet—met—met leave—left—left fly—flied—flied 22 过去分词的变化（不规则） B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样 take—took—taken see — saw — seen speak —spoke—spoken sing—sang—sung drive—drove—driven be—was/were—been go—went—gone 23 过去分词的变化（不规则） C.过去分词，过去式与动词原形一样 cut—cut—cut put —put—put let—let—let read—read—read 24 辨析 have been to和 have gone to have been to someplace. 曾经去过某地，已经回来． has gone to someplace.某人去了某地，还没有回来． My father has gone to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（已经）去了上海。 My father has been to Shanghai for a meeting. 他（曾经）去了上海。 practice Next Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years. I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. My sister has had her cell phone ______a month . My friends haven’t visited me ______my birthday. We haven’t used our car _____ a long time . She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____years. Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. for since for since for for since 用for 或since填空 practice 用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空 1.—Where is your brother? —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. — ______ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice. —Here you are at last! Where _____ you _____? has gone to Have been to have been to have been practice 用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空 6. —I _____________ London. 7. —David _____________Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived. 8. —Is Benny here? —No, he __________ the school library. He left five minutes ago. have been to has gone to has gone to practice THE END 29 $$