Unit 1 People of achievement单元测试-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 1 People of achievement单元测试 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共30分，略） 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Below is a brief description of the process involved in selecting the Nobel Prize laureates (获奖者) in physics. September-Nomination (提名) forms are sent out. The Nobel Committee sends out confidential forms to around 3,000 people-selected professors at universities around the world, Nobel Prize laureates in physics and chemistry, and members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, among others. February-Deadline for submission. The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. The Committee screens the nominations and selects the preliminary candidates. About 250-350 names are nominated as several nominators often submit the same name. March-May-Consultation with experts. The Nobel Committee sends the names of the preliminary (初步的) candidates to specially appointed experts for their assessment of the candidates’ work. Jun-August-Writing of the report. The Nobel Committee puts together the report with recommendations to be submitted to the Academy. The report is signed by all members of the Committee. September-Committee submits recommendations. The Nobel Committee submits its report with recommendations on the final candidates to the members of the Academy. The report is discussed at two meetings of the Physics Class of the Academy. October-Nobel Prize laureates are chosen. In early October, the Academy selects the Nobel Prize laureates in physics through a majority vote. The decision is final and without appeal. The names of the Nobel Laureates are then announced. December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize. The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma (证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. 1．When should nomination forms be sent back to the Nobel Committee in the following year? A．Later than March. B．Later than April. C．Earlier than February. D．Later than August. 2．Where does the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize? A．In Stockholm. B．In New York. C．In Canberra. D．In London. 3．The Nobel Prize is NOT made up of_________. A．A medal. B．A diploma. C．A document. D．A souvenir. B About 20 years ago, while on the way to a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl sitting on the hillside. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married though she wanted to go to school. It was arranged by her parents. Zhang went to her house and tried to persuade her parents to let the girl return to school and promised to pay for her tuition herself. However, they didn’t agree. Zhang felt sorry for not being able to help. “We always say that each child should stand on the same starting line, but these girls didn’t even have a chance to get on the track,” Zhang said. It persuaded Zhang to build a free high school for girls with the objective of helping break the cycle that saw women drop out of education, marry early and spend their whole life in the remote mountain. Zhang had spent years trying to raise funds, and in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, Zhang has walked thousands of kilometers, visiting students’ families in the deep mountain, talking to villagers, and persuading girls to go back to school. It has been worth it. More than 1,800 graduates have been admitted to college. It is regarded as a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established. Though lacking full health, Zhang insists on a daily routine—get up around 5 a.m. to call students to get up with a loudspeaker, accompany students to classes and sleep after senior students’ study ends at midnight. Zhang’s husband died in the 1990s. She doesn’t have children or a house, so she lives at the student dormitory. Besides girls in her school, Zhang also donates all her income to help rural education and poor people. In early December, she was given the honor of the country’s “role model for teachers” and “outstanding woman”. Her commitment to her education career inspires thousands of people. 4．Why did Zhang feel sorry when the girl’s parents refused to let the girl return to school? A．The girl’s family was too poor to pay for her tuition fees. B．The girl had to marry a man who was much older than her. C．The girl didn’t even have the chance to complete her education. D．The girl was unable to find a high school nearby to continue her education. 5．What is probably the biggest challenge for Zhang to build the free school for girls? A．Not many girls want to attend this school. B．Few parents support their girls’ going to school. C．The local government didn’t offer the land for the school. D．It was not easy for Zhang to get enough money to build the school. 6．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Most students didn’t study well before Huaping High School for Girls was founded. B．Huaping High School for Girls was founded. C．Many girls can go to Huaping High School for Girls for free. D．Many girls from Huaping High School for Girls have gone to college. 7．What is the main idea of this passage? A．A teacher shows girls how to reach the top. B．Let girls stand on the same starting line. C．Inspiring stories of girls’ education. D．Huaping High School for Girls. C Even though they are lifeless objects, sand dunes (沙丘) can “communicate” with each other, researchers have found. A team from the University of Cambridge has found that as they move, sand dunes interact with their downstream neighbours and force them away. It’s well-known that active sand dunes move around. Generally speaking, smaller dunes move faster and larger dunes move slower. And what hasn’t been understood is whether and how dunes within a field interact with each other. “There are different views on dune interaction: one is that dunes of different sizes will hit each other until they form one giant dune.” said Karol Bacik, the study’s author. Now, Bacik and his workmates have shown results that query these explanations. Water-filled flumes (水槽) are common tools for studying the movement of sand dunes in a lab setting, but the dunes can only be observed until they reach the end of the flume. Instead, Dr Nathalie Vriend, who led the research, and the members of her lab designed a circular flume, so that the dunes could be observed for hours, while high-speed cameras allowed them to record the movement of the dunes. The two dunes in the study started with the same amount of sand. As the flow began to move across the two dunes, they started moving. At first, the front dune moved faster than the back dune, but as the experiment continued, the front dune began to slow down, until the two dunes were moving at almost the same speed. Besides, the type of flow across the two dunes was observed to be different: the front dune changed the flow’s direction, generated swirls (旋涡) on the back dune and pushed it away. As the experiment continued, the dunes got further and further apart. “The next step for the research is to find evidence of large-scale and complex dune migration in deserts. By tracking clusters of dunes over long periods, we can observe whether measures to change the migration of dunes are effective or not, which will be a way to cope with the desertification (沙漠化),” Vriend said. 8．What is people’s previous view on sand dunes? A．They can hardly keep active all the time. B．Dunes have negative effects on each other. C．Their speed has nothing to do with their size. D．Dunes of different sizes will eventually mix together. 9．What does the underlined word “query” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Follow. B．Advance. C．Question. D．Understand. 10．What can we learn from the last but one paragraph? A．The front dune is attracted by the back dune. B．The back dune can change the front dune’s direction. C．The front dune tries to keep its distance from the back dune. D．The front and the back dunes will form one giant dune at last. 11．What does Vriend think of the further research on dunes? A．It is worthless. B．It is meaningful. C．It is challenging. D．It is disappointing. D In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature’s neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth. Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. A year later, aged just 12, she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or “fish-lizard”, it was the first extinct animal known to science. Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous occupation. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for new finds. The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile (爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster. Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago. Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she received little credit from other scientists. Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London’s Geological Society, as only men could become members. Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth. 12．Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils? A．To establish her name as a scientist. B．To raise public interest in her articles. C．To gain money to start a museum. D．To earn money to support her family. 13．Which of the following is true about Mary Anning? A．She published several scientific articles in her lifetime. B．She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach. C．She was a member of the London Geological Society. D．The beach near her home is named after her. 14．What is true about the pterosaur find? A．It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster. B．It was the first discovery of an extinct animal. C．It showed that some extinct creatures had wings. D．It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds. 15．What would be the proper title for the passage? A．Long-Necked Creatures from the Past B．The World’s Greatest Fossil Hunter C．The Discovery of the First Pterosaur D．Treasure of Fossils 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 16 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 17 He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 18 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! 19 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 20 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955. A．Albert spent lots of time in America. B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. C．His work turned modern physics on its head. D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more 21 than the average person. He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2. He had been trying to 22 milk from the fridge when he 23 the slippery (光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor. When his mother came in, 24 shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’！ I have 25 seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and 26 in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？” His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 27 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 28 it.” The little boy learned that if he 29 the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful 30 ！ This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 31 to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just 32 for learning something new, which is, 33 , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't 34 ”, we usually learn something 35 from it., 21．A．active B．absent C．creative D．honest 22．A．buy B．replace C．remove D．protect 23．A．fell B．fled C．escaped D．dropped 24．A．in honor of B．instead of C．in spite of D．in place of 25．A．rarely B．happily C．frequently D．apparently 26．A．jump B．play C．enjoy D．handle 27．A．failed B．successful C．fantastic D．painful 28．A．get B．put C．try D．make 29．A．controlled B．analysed C．broke D．held 30．A．cure B．teaching C．lesson D．instruction 31．A．concerned B．ready C．athletic D．afraid 32．A．situations B．chances C．times D．turns 33．A．after all B．above all C．first of all D．in all 34．A．do B．finish C．go D．work 35．A．lovable B．severe C．valuable D．interesting 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tu Youyou was awarded with Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015, because she has discovered artemisinin, which 36 (use) as a crucial new treatment for malaria to save millions of people. Born in Ningbo, China, she graduated 37 Peking University Medical School in 1955. She was among the first researchers 38 (choose) for the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. At first, she went to Hainan because there were more malaria 39 (patient). When she headed the project in 1969, she decided to find traditional 40 (botany) treatments for the disease, so her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts and evaluated 280, 000 plants, from 41 they tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Though Tu’s team tested dried wormwood leaves and tried the liquid obtained by 42 (boil) fresh wormwood, they failed in vain. However, Tu didn’t acknowledge defeat and analysed the medical texts again, finding a new way 43 (treat) the wormwood. After failing over 190 times, the team 44 (final) succeeded in 1971. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Tu owed the honor to the efforts of a team and she felt it 45 honor to spread traditional Chinese medicine around the world. 第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分） 46．假定你是李华，是某英语报的主编。最近，你报将举办一个以“How to Become a Successful Person?”为题的征文比赛。请根据下面的写作要点，用英语写一篇征稿启事： 1. 活动目的; 2. 稿件要求：内容、字数等; 3. 交稿时间和方式。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、书面表达 47．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 Excited screams of joy, the sounds of two happy little girls playing on the sand, ran across the beach. But I walked along, barely aware of them. I’d come to this remote beach on my sailboat, a place to escape. My wife and I had recently separated, our marriage in trouble. I worried about my two boys, just six and eight. It seemed like forever since Td heard them laugh. But I didn’t know what to do to make things better. “Help! Help!” The girls shouted out. I’d meant to tell them to stay away from the dangerous water. Now one of them was in the ocean, beyond the surf line. I could just hear her screams over the waves. Any second now she’d be swept away. I ran across the sand as fast as I could. The other girl was at the edge of the surf, yelling. “Wait! Stop! Don’t go any farther!” I charged into the waves and was reaching for her when a wall of water dashed over us. For half a second I saw her disappear under another big wave. Tm a strong swimmer, but I could feel the wave pulling me hard. I swam to her and seized her, her little body shaking. But where was the other girl? I saw a waving arm. A head broke the surface, not far away. The arms of the girl I’d rescued were wrapped desperately around my neck. She was breathing in sobs. “Let go of my neck. I need you on my back. Hold my shoulders so I can swim to your friend.” She loosed her hands and I shifted her to my back. ‘‘She’s my sister, Sarah, and I am Lillian,’’ she said. For a moment I thought of my boys. How much they loved each other. How much I loved them. I looked across the water and saw a small head after a big wave. I quickened my swimming, fighting for each breath. Tiny arms pressed against my shoulders. I reached out and held the second little girl. She was in total tiredness, taking deep breaths and crying quietly.Paragraph 1: I floated on my back and looked toward the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: Luckily, now I could make out three people on the shore. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍对诺贝尔物理学奖获得者评选过程的简要描述。 1．细节理解题。根据February-Deadline for submission.部分“The completed nomination forms must reach the Nobel Committee no later than 31st January of the following year. (填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会。)”可知，填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会，即早于二月送达诺贝尔委员会。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“The Nobel Prize award ceremony takes place on 10 December in Stockholm, where the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行，诺贝尔奖获得者将在那里领取诺贝尔奖)”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据December-Nobel Prize laureates receive their prize.部分“the Nobel Prize laureates receive their Nobel Prize, which consists of a Nobel Prize medal and diploma(证书), and a document confirming the prize amount. (诺贝尔奖获得者将获得他们的诺贝尔奖，其中包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件。)”可知，诺贝尔奖包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件，没有纪念品。故选D。 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了农村教师张桂梅在一个辍学女生的启发下，花费了多年努力，创办了免费公立高中华坪女子高级中学，旨在帮助打破女性辍学、早婚和在偏远山区度过一生的恶性循环。 4．推理判断题。根据题干可定位到第二段第三、四句“Zhang felt sorry for not being able to help. ‘We always say that each child should stand on the same starting line, but these girls didn’t even have a chance to get on the track,’ Zhang said.(张为没能帮上忙而感到遗憾。张说：“我们总是说每个孩子都应该站在同一条起跑线上，但这些女孩甚至没有机会登上赛道。”)”可知，张桂梅在劝说女孩的父母，让他们的孩子返回学校继续上学，所以get on the track在此处比喻有受教育的机会。因此，张桂梅感到难过的原因是这个女孩甚至没有机会完成她的教育。故选C。 5．推理判断题。第一、二段中提到了一个女孩辍学，并且其父母反对她继续上学；再根据第三段第三句“Over the decades, Zhang has walked thousands of kilometers, visiting students’ families in the deep mountain, talking to villagers, and persuading girls to go back to school.(在数十年间，张桂梅步行数千公里，走访深山里学生的家庭，与村民交谈，说服女孩儿们回到学校。)”可以推断出，张桂梅办免费的女子高中最大的挑战应该是很少有父母支持他们的女儿上学。故选B。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“More than 1,800 graduates have been admitted to college.It is regarded as a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established.(1800多名毕业生被大学录取。它被认为是偏远地区的“奇迹”，因为在学校成立之前，大多数学生在学业上都表现不佳。)”可知，It指代上一句“More than 1,800 graduates have been admitted to college.(超过1,800名毕业生被大学录取。)”所讲述的事情，这件事在这个偏远的地区被认为是一个奇迹，因为在这所学校建立之前，大多数学生的学习成绩并不好。因此It指的就是“来自华坪女子高级中学的很多女孩上了大学”这件事。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的前两段讲述了一个女孩辍学，张桂梅劝其父母让其重返学校，但是没有成功，然后张桂梅认为每个孩子都应该站在同一起跑线上接受教育；第三段讲述了她受此事启发创办了免费高中并努力帮助女孩上学；第四段讲述了她在校所做的事；最后一段讲述了她获得的荣誉以及她产生的影响。由此可推测出，张桂梅所做的所有事的初衷都是要让女孩儿们站在教育的同一起跑线上，B项“让女孩们站在同一起跑线上。”符合题意。故选B。 8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了剑桥大学的一个研究小组发现，沙丘在移动时，会与下游的沙丘相互作用，迫使它们离开。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“There are different views on dune interaction: one is that dunes of different sizes will hit each other until they form one giant dune. (关于沙丘相互作用有不同的观点：一种观点认为，不同大小的沙丘会相互撞击，直到形成一个巨大的沙丘)”可知，人们以前对沙丘的看法是不同大小的沙丘最终会混合在一起。故选D项。 9．词句猜测题。根据前文“A team from the University of Cambridge has found that as they move, sand dunes interact with their downstream neighbours and force them away. (剑桥大学的一个研究小组发现，沙丘在移动时，会与下游的沙丘相互作用，迫使它们离开)”以及“There are different views on dune interaction: one is that dunes of different sizes will hit each other until they form one giant dune. (关于沙丘相互作用有不同的观点:一种观点认为，不同大小的沙丘会相互撞击，直到形成一个巨大的沙丘)”可推知，本来人们以为不同大小的沙丘最终会混合在一起，但是Bacik和他同事的实验，对这个结果提出疑问，推知query是“质疑”的意思，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The two dunes in the study started with the same amount of sand. As the flow began to move across the two dunes, they started moving. At first, the front dune moved faster than the back dune, but as the experiment continued, the front dune began to slow down, until the two dunes were moving at almost the same speed. Besides, the type of flow across the two dunes was observed to be different: the front dune changed the flow’s direction, generated swirls (旋涡) on the back dune and pushed it away. As the experiment continued, the dunes got further and further apart. (研究中的两个沙丘一开始的沙子量是一样的。当水流开始穿过两座沙丘时，它们也开始移动。起初，前面的沙丘比后面的沙丘移动得快，但随着实验的继续，前面的沙丘开始减速，直到两个沙丘以几乎相同的速度移动。此外，通过两个沙丘的流动类型也不同：前面的沙丘改变了流动的方向，在后面的沙丘上产生漩涡并将其推开。随着实验的进行，沙丘之间的距离越来越远)”可知，前面的沙丘试图与后面的沙丘保持距离。故选C项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The next step for the research is to find evidence of large-scale and complex dune migration in deserts. By tracking clusters of dunes over long periods, we can observe whether measures to change the migration of dunes are effective or not, which will be a way to cope with the desertification (沙漠化),” Vriend said. (“研究的下一步是寻找沙漠中大规模和复杂沙丘迁移的证据。通过长期跟踪沙丘群，我们可以观察到改变沙丘迁移的措施是否有效，这将是应对荒漠化的一种方法，”弗里德说。)”可知，研究的下一步是寻找沙漠中大规模和复杂沙丘迁移的证据，这将有助于应对荒漠化，所以是有意义的。故选B项。 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。 12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors.(她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. (一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years later, she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail. It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.(五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。)”可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。 15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“According to Britain’s Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was “the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known”. She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.( 英国自然历史博物馆称，Mary Anning是“世界上最伟大的化石猎人”。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。所以“The World’s Greatest Fossil Hunter(世界上最伟大的化石猎人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。 16．E 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。 16．上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。 17．由上文“However, Einstein did badly at school. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at school”相呼应。故选G。 18．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) four scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His work turned modern physics on its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。 19．上文“In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“one of Albert’s theories was proved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。 20．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lots of time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文“decided to stay in the USA forever”相呼应。故选A。 21．C 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位科学家为什么能够与众不同？这与他母亲对他的教育有关。两岁时，他把奶瓶掉在地上，牛奶撒了一地，妈妈没有批评他，反而鼓励他尝试如何把瓶子抓好，因为错误往往是学习新知识的良机。妈妈的做法也培养了他勇敢地面对失败、敢于担当的品质。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他正在接受一个记者的采访，记者问他为什么他认为他能比一般人更有创造力。A. active活跃的；B. absent缺席的；C. creative有创造力的；D. honest诚实的。根据前文“I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs ”可知，他有几项医学突破，这应该是一种创造力。故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. buy买；B. replace取代；C. remove 移动；D. protect保护。根据下文“milk from the fridge”可知，remove…from是固定搭配，意思是：从……地方拿走/移开。故选C项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图把牛奶从冰箱里拿出来，却不小心把那个滑溜溜的(光滑的)瓶子掉了下来，里面的牛奶洒了一地。A. fell 掉下，摔倒；B.fled逃离；C. escaped逃脱；D. dropped掉下。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it.”提示他把瓶子掉地下了。故选D项。 24．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当他的母亲进来时，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他，而是说:“罗伯特，你画了一幅多么伟大、多么精彩的画啊! A. in honor of为纪念；B. instead of代替……的是；C. in spite of尽管；D. in place of一种物质替代另一种物质。根据下文““Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ‘drawn’ ！”可知，她没有对他大喊大叫或教训他。故选B项。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。A. rarely少见；B. happily高兴地；C. frequently经常地；D. apparently明显地。根据前文“When his mother came in, instead of shouting at him or giving him a lecture”是说妈妈并没有责备他，而是给了一个巧妙的回应，说自己很少见到这么一大滩牛奶。故选A项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你愿意玩一会然后再收拾干净吗？A. jump跳；B. play玩；C. enjoy喜欢；D. handle处理。根据前文“I have ____seen such a huge pool of milk”这里是说妈妈没有责备作者，并且允许他在这一大滩牛奶里面玩一会儿。故选B项。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的妈妈接着说:“你知道，我们现在做的是一个失败的实验，如何有效地用两只小手拿一个大牛奶瓶。”A. failed已失败的；B. successful成功的；C. fantastic不可思议的；D. painful痛苦的。根据前文“He had been trying to remove milk from the fridge when he dropped the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.”可知，他把奶瓶掉在地上，所以应该说是一次失败的经历。故选A项。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：咱们到院子里，把瓶子里装满水，看看你能不能做好。A. get (it)明白了；B. put (it)放；C. try( it)试试看；D. make (it)成功。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说妈妈让男孩试验如何做到拿稳大瓶子，看看小男孩是否能做到。故选D项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩学会了如果他两只手抓住上边靠边的地方，他就可以抓住不掉了。A. controlled控制；B. analyzed分析；C. broke打破；D. held掌握，抓住。根据后文“he could carry it without dropping it”可知，这里是说抓住不掉。故选D项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多么精彩的一节课啊! A. cure治愈；B. teaching教学；C. lesson课，教训；D. instruction命令，指示。根据前文“The little boy learned”可知，这里是说通过自己亲手做让孩子知道怎么做，这一课上得很精彩。故选C项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位科学家接着说，就是在那一刻，他知道他不需要害怕犯错误。A. concerned担心的；B. ready准备好的；C. athletic运动的；D. afraid害怕的。根据常识可知，科学研究就是要犯错误，大胆尝试，且这里是固定短语be afraid to do不敢做。故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. situations局面；B. chances机会；C. times次数；D. turns转弯。根据常识以及“ learning something new”可知，这里是说错误只是学习新东西机会。故选B项。 33．考查介词查短语辨析。句意：相反，他认识到错误只是学习新东西的机会，这毕竟是科学实验的意义所在。A. after all毕竟，终究；B. above all最重要的是；C. first of all首先，第一；D. in all总共，合计。通过以上的经历，科学家的感受是：科学实验终究是试验一个又一个的错误。故选A项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. do做；B. finish完成；C. go去；D. work工作，起作用。根据下文“ we usually learn something ____from it.,”可知，这里是说即使实验不成功。故选D项。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使实验不成功，我们也可以学到有价值的东西。A. lovable可爱的；B. severe严重的；C. valuable贵重的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“ he knew he didn't need to be _____ to make mistakes.”可知，我们也能从错误中学到有价值的东西。故选C项。 36．was used 37．from 38．chosen 39．patients 40．botanical 41．which 42．boiling 43．to treat 44．finally 45．an 【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章报道了居呦呦团队历尽千辛万苦发现青蒿素并获得诺贝尔奖的经历。 36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：屠呦呦于2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了青蒿素，它被当作一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新方法被使用，挽救了数百万人的生命。which指代先行词artemisinin，在定语从句中作主语，which后缺少谓语，和use是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数，故填was used。 37．考查介词。句意：她出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。graduate from表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一批被选的以发现疟疾新疗法为目标的研究者之一。谓语是was，choose是非谓语动词，和researcher是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填chosen。 39．考查名词。句意：起初，她去了海南，因为那里有更多的疟疾病人。根据were和more可知后面用名词复数，故填patients。 40．考查形容词。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统(植物学)方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。形容词修饰名词treatment，作定语，故填botanical。 41．考查定语从句。句意：当她在1969年领导这个项目时，她决定寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物学方法，因此她的团队检查了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物，从中测试了380种不同的古代中国医学疗法。先行词280, 000 plants，在定语从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管屠的团队测试了干艾叶，并尝试了从新鲜艾叶中获得的液体，但他们都失败了。介词by后面用动名词作宾语，故填boiling。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，屠不服输，重新分析了医学文献，找到了治疗艾草的新方法。way后用动词不定式作定语，故填to treat。 44．考查副词。句意：在失败了190多次之后，1971年团队最终成功了。副词修饰动词succeed，作状语，故填finally。 45．考查冠词。句意：屠认为这是一个团队的努力，她觉得在世界各地传播中医是一种荣誉。可数名词前用不定冠词，表示一个，honor是元音音素开头的单词，前面用an，故填an。 46．Contributions Wanted Are you fond of writing in English? Then this is just the opportunity for you. In order to encourage readers to become a successful person, we are holding a writing competition and contributions titled “How to Become a Successful Person?” are wanted. Readers who are interested in the competition are supposed to list the personal qualities necessary to be a successful person and what successful people have in common. You should write within 500 words and send your contribution to Englishpaper@163.com before March 16. We are looking forward to receiving your contributions. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，是某英语报的主编。最近，你报将举办一个以“How to Become a Successful Person?”为题的征文比赛。请根据下面的写作要点，用英语写一篇征稿启事。 【详解】1.词汇积累 喜欢：be fond of→fall in love with 机会：opportunity→chance 比赛：competition→contest 必要的：necessary→essential 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to encourage readers to become a successful person, we are holding a writing competition and contributions titled “How to Become a Successful Person?” 拓展句：We are holding a writing competition and contributions titled “How to Become a Successful Person?”, whose aim is to encourage readers to become a successful person. 【点睛】[高分句型1] In order to encourage readers to become a successful person, we are holding a writing competition and contributions titled “How to Become a Successful Person?”(运用了不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] Readers who are interested in the competition are supposed to list the personal qualities necessary to be a successful person and what successful people have in common. (运用了who引导定语从句) 47．Paragraph 1: I floated on my back and looked toward the shore. I couldn’t see anyone. We were too far away from the beach. No way could I swim that far, not with two girls hanging on to my body. I was close to total tiredness. But there was no time to wait. I told Lillian to circle her arms around my shoulders and asked Sarah to hold my neck with both hands. I knew I had to get these kids safe. I swam as hard as I could, but the weight of the girls grew heavier and heavier. I opened my mouth to take a breath, but instead swallowed water. I took one last look at the beach.Paragraph 2: Luckily, now I could make out three people on the shore. So I tried my best to cry out for help. After a while, I woke up. An elderly man was trying to drag me out of the water. Two women were running toward the shore, each carrying a child. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在海滩上发现两个女孩被海浪卷走，在耗尽力气的情况下，作者还是把两个女孩救上了岸，最终获救。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我仰面漂浮着，望着岸边。”可知，第一段可描写作者和两个女孩在海里挣扎的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，现在我能辨认出岸上有三个人。”可知，第二段可描写作者呼救，引起注意，并成功得救。 2.续写线索：漂浮——完全疲惫——保证女孩安全——呼救——引起注意——得救 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①看到：see/spot/notice ②尽最大努力：try one’s best/spare no effort ③尝试：try/attempt 情绪类 ①疲惫：tiredness/fatigue ②不可能：no way/out of the question 【点睛】[高分句型1] No way could I swim that far, not with two girls hanging on to my body. (运用了倒装句) [高分句型2] Two women were running toward the shore, each carrying a child. (运用了独立主格结构) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$