专题09 定语从句-2025年高考英语一轮全面复习备考方案(新高考卷).zip

专题09 定语从句 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词的用法…………… 3 知识点2 关系代词that和which的用法 3 知识点3 关系代词which和as的用法………………………………………………………….4 知识点4 whose的用法及其转换形式…………………………………………..6 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系副词的基本用法…………………………………………………………7 知识点2 关系副词where的特殊用法………………8 知识点3 关系代词和关系副词的区别 考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 知识点1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 9 知识点2定语从句中关系词选择的三点依据 9 知识点3 非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择 ……………………………………………9 考点四 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词前介词的选择………………………………………………………………..10 知识点2 关系代词的确定…………………………………………………………………………..10 知识点3 关系副词和介词+关系代词的互换…………………………………………………….11 考点五 特殊形式的定语从句 知识点1 分隔式定语从句………………………………………………………………..11 知识点2 省略式定语从句……………………………………………………………….12 3.真题练习 1.真题演练………………………………………………………………………….13 2.名校模拟……………………………………………………………………………14 1. 1.考情分析 1. 2.必备知识 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有that , which, who, whom, whose，as等。其用法列表如下: 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 that 指人或物 宾语、主语、表语 which 指物 主语、表语、宾语 who 指人 宾语、主语 whom 宾语 as 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 Whose 指人或物 宾语 例1. Gangnam Style is a song that/which seems to be popular all over the world. 《江南Style》是一首似乎在全世界都流行的歌曲。(先行词指物,that/which在从句中作主语) 2.The coat ( that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(先行词指物,that在从句中作宾语) 3.The old man whom my grandpa is playing chess with is an old friend of his.那位正在和我爷爷下棋的老人是他的一个老朋友。(先行词指人,whom 在从句中作宾语) 4.He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(先行词指人,who在从句中作主语) 5.The man chose to live in a room whose window faces the sea. 那个人选择住在一间窗户朝海的房间里。(先行词指物,whse在从句中作定语) 知识点2 关系代词that与which的用法 1)只能用 that 而不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, some， few, little等不定代词时或者先行词被all, any, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。 例1. Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以帮你什么忙吗? ②当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,为避免重复,其后的定语从句要用that引导。 2.Can you tell me who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking? 你能告诉我那个坐在岩石上抽烟的人是谁吗? ③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或者先行词为序数词或基数词时,关系代词只用that。 例 This is the most amusing short play that I have watched these years. 这是我这些年来观看过的最好笑的短剧。 例As a student, the first thing that you should do every morning is to make a proper plan. 作为一个学生,每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是要制订适当的计划。 典例 What about the meal at the party yesterday, Bob? -Oh, it was the best one ___I had ever had. ④先行词被 the only, the very等修饰时,关系代词只能用that。 例This is the only thing that I am after. 这是我唯一追求的事情。 ⑤如果有两个定语从句,其中一个已经用了关系代词 which，则另一个就要用that 以避免重复。 例The city has brought in some clothing enterprises which produce clothes that are mainly sold abroad. 该市引进了一些服装企业,这些企业生产的服装主要向国外出售。 ⑥先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。 Whenever I recall my classmates and funny things that still seem to be fresh in my mind, I can't help smiling. 对于我的同学和那些好玩儿的事情,我似乎仍记忆犹新,每当想起我都会情不自禁地笑起来。 典例 Peter and his car _disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993. 2)只用 which 不用that 的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用which。 例The actress always shows off, which no doubt makes other actresses unhappy. 这位女演员总爱炫耀,这无疑使其他的女演员感到不高兴。 ②关系代词前面有介词时,只用which。 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 ③先行词为 that 时,只用 which。 What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那个东西是什么? 知识点3 关系代词as与which的用法 ①as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句末;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。 As we know, China is famous for its Four Creat Inventions. / China , as we know , is famous for its Four Great Inventions. / China is famous for its Four Great Inventions,as we know. 众所周知,中国因四大发明而闻名。 It was raining heavily,which kept us indoors. 雨下得很大，我们出不了门了。 ②as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如 as is known, as was said, as is reported等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语。 She has been absent again,as is expected. 她又缺席了,这在预料之中。 Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy. 汤姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高兴。 as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before正如以前所说的那样 as is mentioned above正如上面提到的 as is often the case情况往往是这样 ③在限制性定语从句中当先行词被the same, such 修饰时，其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which,关系代词as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1 never heard such stories as he told. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as作宾语) He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语) 典例It is a truly delightful place,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty coltages. I have never performed such a task ____you've asked me to do. 知识点4 whose的用法及其转换形式 (1)whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语，其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。 That's the child whose father is a teacher. 那就是父亲是老师的那个孩子。 (2)whose引导定语从句时,先行词不仅可以指人,还可以指物。 Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? 你知道那个女人吗?她的丈夫是医生。 This is a book whose cover is green. 这是一本绿皮书。 (3)of which 可以代替whose指物,词序一般是:the+名词+ of which 或 of which + the +名词 即:whose +名词=the +名词 + of which = of which + the +名词,of whom 可以代替whose指人 词序是the +名词+of whom,即 whose +名词=the+名词+of whom。 He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room the window of which faces south. = He lives in the room of which the window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. = This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 知识点1关系副词的基本用法 引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where、why等。其用法如下表所示： 关系副词 先行词 关系副词在从句中的所作成分 When=at/on/in/during which 表时间 时间状语 Where=at/in/which 表地点 地点状语 Why=for which 表原因 原因状语 例1.I was born on the day when(= on which) the PRC was founded so I was given the name" Guo Qing" by my father. 我出生在中华人民共和国成立的那一天,所以爸爸给我取名"国庆"。 2. This is the house where(=in which)I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 I don't know the reason why(= for which) he was absent today. 我不知道他今天没来的原因。 典例 So long as you stick to it，the moment will definitely come_____you can have your dream come true. 知识点2 关系副词where的特殊用法 where 引导定语从句时,先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home , school,village等)外,还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job,life,situation, point , case ,stage,activity等)。 He has got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他已经陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 典例 Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement_took courage. 知识点2 关系代词和关系副词的区别 引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外,它们还有一个重要的作用,那就是它们在定语从句中作一定的成分。具体地说,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，那么必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系副词。 如: This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的山村。(关系词在从句中作宾语) I will never forget the days when I worked on the farm. 我永远不会忘记我在农场劳动的那些日子。(关系词在从句中作状语) 考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 知识点1限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 关系词 1.所有的关系代词和关系副词 2.作宾语时可省略 1.除that以外的关系代词和关系副词 2.即使作宾语也不可省略 先行词 主句中的某一名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子 意义 对先行词进行限制，说明是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省略 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整 翻译 译成………的，作先行词的定语 常译为并列分词 知识点2 定语从句关系词选择的三点依据 (1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; (2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物; (3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分一主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。 知识点3 非限制性定义从句中关系词的选用 (1)关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略; (2)who(主语),whom(宾语),which(主语、宾语)不能用 that 代替,也不能互相替换; (3)介词+ which/whom +从句结构中,介词不能移到从句的后面; (4)关系副词when，where可用于非限制性定语从句,而关系副词 why 不可以。 典例 This city ,____lies in the northeast and1 opent my childhood, has been the country's busiest port since the 1950. 解析 句意;这座城市在东北部,是我度过童年的地方,自20世纪50年代以来就一直是这个国家最繁忙的港口。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里两空都需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句,第一空用关系代词which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语(指物),第二空用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。 考点四 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1关系代词前介词的选择 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体中。在这种结构中,"介词"的选择可依据以下几点: (1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。 例Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? 刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁?(shake hands with...是习惯搭配) (2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。 We'll never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall. 我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。(其中涉及的搭配是 on the day) (3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 例 He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar. 他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。(其中涉及的搭配是be familiar with) (4)根据句子所要表达的意思。 例We had supper at six o'clock, after which I went to see my uncle. 六点钟我们吃了晚饭,之后我去看了我的叔叔。(由于句意含有"在……之后"的意思,所以用介词after) (5)在非限制性定语从句中表"所有关系"或"整体中的一部分"时常用介词 of。 例 He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful. 他写了大概20部小说,其中这部是最成功的。 知识点2关系代词的确定 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中,介词前置时,关系代词不能用that 和 who。如果先行词是人,关系代词应用 whom或who;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which。介词后置时,限制性定语从句中which可用that替换,whom也可用 who 替换,且都可省略。 例Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter? 这就是你写信用的那支钢笔吗? 例This is the man from whom I learnt the news. 我就是从这个人那里了解到那个消息的。 The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. = The problem(which/that) I consulted you about hanow been solved. 我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。 知识点3关系代词副词和介词+关系代词的互换 关系副词可以用"介词+关系代词"来替换。when =at/in/ on + which; where =at/in/on + which; why = for which。 例Do you still remember the day on which( = when) we went to the beach? 你还记得我们去海滩的那一天吗? 例We can't find the house in which( = where) we used to live. 我们找不到曾经住的那座房子了。 例 The reason for which ( = why) he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。 考点五 特殊形式的定语从句 知识点1分割式定语从句 通常情况下,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,但因修辞或习惯表达的需要,有时定语从句和先行词会被谓语、系表结构、状语、插入语等隔开。这类定语从句可称为分隔式定语从句，做此类型的题时,找准先行词是关键。 例Occasions are quite rare when my father offers a hand to my mother in the kitchen. 爸爸帮妈妈在厨房做饭的时候很少。 典例 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,___we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 知识点2省略式定语从句 有些定语从句的一些成分可以是省略，变成介词+关系代词+不定式结构。 例：I have earned enough money with which to buy a computer. 我已经挣够足够的钱用来买电脑 1. 3.真题练习 1. 真题演练 1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 3.（2024年北京卷）Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 4.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 5.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 2. 名校模拟 1.（江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 2.（2024届福建省三明市一模试题）Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position ________usually took four years to achieve. 3.（2024届浙江省强基联盟模拟卷）There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China______ goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”. 4.（江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 5.（2024年湖北省宜荆荆随高三联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of have suffered damage to their original binding. 6.（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）The 19th China International Cultural Industries Fair kicked off in Shenzhen in South China's Guangdong province on June 7, 2023, is expected to promote the development of the country's cultural industry. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 定语从句 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词的用法…………… 3 知识点2 关系代词that和which的用法 3 知识点3 关系代词which和as的用法………………………………………………………….4 知识点4 whose的用法及其转换形式…………………………………………..6 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系副词的基本用法…………………………………………………………7 知识点2 关系副词where的特殊用法………………8 知识点3 关系代词和关系副词的区别 考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 知识点1 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 9 知识点2定语从句中关系词选择的三点依据 9 知识点3 非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择 ……………………………………………9 考点四 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词前介词的选择………………………………………………………………..10 知识点2 关系代词的确定…………………………………………………………………………..10 知识点3 关系副词和介词+关系代词的互换…………………………………………………….11 考点五 特殊形式的定语从句 知识点1 分隔式定语从句………………………………………………………………..11 知识点2 省略式定语从句……………………………………………………………….12 3.真题练习 1.真题演练………………………………………………………………………….13 2.名校模拟……………………………………………………………………………14 1. 1.考情分析 1. 2.必备知识 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 关系代词的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有that , which, who, whom, whose，as等。其用法列表如下: 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 that 指人或物 宾语、主语、表语 which 指物 主语、表语、宾语 who 指人 宾语、主语 whom 宾语 as 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语 Whose 指人或物 宾语 例1. Gangnam Style is a song that/which seems to be popular all over the world. 《江南Style》是一首似乎在全世界都流行的歌曲。(先行词指物,that/which在从句中作主语) 2.The coat ( that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(先行词指物,that在从句中作宾语) 3.The old man whom my grandpa is playing chess with is an old friend of his.那位正在和我爷爷下棋的老人是他的一个老朋友。(先行词指人,whom 在从句中作宾语) 4.He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(先行词指人,who在从句中作主语) 5.The man chose to live in a room whose window faces the sea. 那个人选择住在一间窗户朝海的房间里。(先行词指物,whse在从句中作定语) 知识点2 关系代词that与which的用法 1)只能用 that 而不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, some， few, little等不定代词时或者先行词被all, any, no, little, few, much 等词修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。 例1. Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以帮你什么忙吗? ②当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时,为避免重复,其后的定语从句要用that引导。 2.Can you tell me who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking? 你能告诉我那个坐在岩石上抽烟的人是谁吗? ③当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或者先行词为序数词或基数词时,关系代词只用that。 例 This is the most amusing short play that I have watched these years. 这是我这些年来观看过的最好笑的短剧。 例As a student, the first thing that you should do every morning is to make a proper plan. 作为一个学生,每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是要制订适当的计划。 典例 What about the meal at the party yesterday, Bob? -Oh, it was the best one ___I had ever had. 解析先行词 one被形容词最高级修饰,指代meal,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,故用that 引导定语从句。 答案 that ④先行词被 the only, the very等修饰时,关系代词只能用that。 例This is the only thing that I am after. 这是我唯一追求的事情。 ⑤如果有两个定语从句,其中一个已经用了关系代词 which，则另一个就要用that 以避免重复。 例The city has brought in some clothing enterprises which produce clothes that are mainly sold abroad. 该市引进了一些服装企业,这些企业生产的服装主要向国外出售。 ⑥先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。 Whenever I recall my classmates and funny things that still seem to be fresh in my mind, I can't help smiling. 对于我的同学和那些好玩儿的事情,我似乎仍记忆犹新,每当想起我都会情不自禁地笑起来。 典例 Peter and his car _disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993. 解析分析句子结构可知,"___disappeared ... in 1987"为定语从句,修饰先行词"Peter and his car",先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用that 来引导。 答案that 2)只用 which 不用that 的情况 ①在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用which。 例The actress always shows off, which no doubt makes other actresses unhappy. 这位女演员总爱炫耀,这无疑使其他的女演员感到不高兴。 ②关系代词前面有介词时,只用which。 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 ③先行词为 that 时,只用 which。 What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那个东西是什么? 知识点3 关系代词as与which的用法 ①as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首、句中和句末;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。 As we know, China is famous for its Four Creat Inventions. / China , as we know , is famous for its Four Great Inventions. / China is famous for its Four Great Inventions,as we know. 众所周知,中国因四大发明而闻名。 It was raining heavily,which kept us indoors. 雨下得很大，我们出不了门了。 ②as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如 as is known, as was said, as is reported等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语。 She has been absent again,as is expected. 她又缺席了,这在预料之中。 Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy. 汤姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高兴。 as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before正如以前所说的那样 as is mentioned above正如上面提到的 as is often the case情况往往是这样 ③在限制性定语从句中当先行词被the same, such 修饰时，其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which,关系代词as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1 never heard such stories as he told. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as作宾语) He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语) 典例It is a truly delightful place,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty coltages. 解析句意:这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来-定和100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的农舍。先行词是place,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故填 which。 解析which I have never performed such a task ____you've asked me to do. 解析句意:我从来没有做过你要我做的这种工作。本空需要关系词引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语指物,题干中有such,故此处用关系代词as引导这个定语从句,且as在从句中作 do 的宾语。 答案 as 知识点4 whose的用法及其转换形式 (1)whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语，其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。 That's the child whose father is a teacher. 那就是父亲是老师的那个孩子。 (2)whose引导定语从句时,先行词不仅可以指人,还可以指物。 Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? 你知道那个女人吗?她的丈夫是医生。 This is a book whose cover is green. 这是一本绿皮书。 (3)of which 可以代替whose指物,词序一般是:the+名词+ of which 或 of which + the +名词 即:whose +名词=the +名词 + of which = of which + the +名词,of whom 可以代替whose指人 词序是the +名词+of whom,即 whose +名词=the+名词+of whom。 He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room the window of which faces south. = He lives in the room of which the window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. = This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 知识点1关系副词的基本用法 引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where、why等。其用法如下表所示： 关系副词 先行词 关系副词在从句中的所作成分 When=at/on/in/during which 表时间 时间状语 Where=at/in/which 表地点 地点状语 Why=for which 表原因 原因状语 例1.I was born on the day when(= on which) the PRC was founded so I was given the name" Guo Qing" by my father. 我出生在中华人民共和国成立的那一天,所以爸爸给我取名"国庆"。 2. This is the house where(=in which)I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 I don't know the reason why(= for which) he was absent today. 我不知道他今天没来的原因。 典例 So long as you stick to it，the moment will definitely come_____you can have your dream come true. 解析 句意:只要你坚持,你能实现自己梦想的那一刻肯定会到来的。本空需要关系词引导定语从句修饰the moment,关系词在从句中作时间状语,因此本空填关系副词 when。 答案when 知识点2 关系副词where的特殊用法 where 引导定语从句时,先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home , school,village等)外,还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job,life,situation, point , case ,stage,activity等)。 He has got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他已经陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 典例 Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement_took courage. 解析分析句子结构可知,"____tookcourage"为定语从句,修饰先行词achievement,关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。 答案which 知识点2 关系代词和关系副词的区别 引导定语从句的关系代词及关系副词除了起连接先行词和从句的作用外,它们还有一个重要的作用,那就是它们在定语从句中作一定的成分。具体地说,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。因此,在选择关系词时,最重要的是分析一下定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，那么必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,那么必须用关系副词。 如: This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的山村。(关系词在从句中作宾语) I will never forget the days when I worked on the farm. 我永远不会忘记我在农场劳动的那些日子。(关系词在从句中作状语) 考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 知识点1限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 关系词 1.所有的关系代词和关系副词 2.作宾语时可省略 1.除that以外的关系代词和关系副词 2.即使作宾语也不可省略 先行词 主句中的某一名词、名词词组或代词 主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子 意义 对先行词进行限制，说明是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省略 对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整 翻译 译成………的，作先行词的定语 常译为并列分词 知识点2 定语从句关系词选择的三点依据 (1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性; (2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物; (3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分一主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。 知识点3 非限制性定义从句中关系词的选用 (1)关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略; (2)who(主语),whom(宾语),which(主语、宾语)不能用 that 代替,也不能互相替换; (3)介词+ which/whom +从句结构中,介词不能移到从句的后面; (4)关系副词when，where可用于非限制性定语从句,而关系副词 why 不可以。 典例 This city ,____lies in the northeast and1 opent my childhood, has been the country's busiest port since the 1950. 解析 句意;这座城市在东北部,是我度过童年的地方,自20世纪50年代以来就一直是这个国家最繁忙的港口。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里两空都需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句,第一空用关系代词which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语(指物),第二空用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。 答案 which;where 考点四 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1关系代词前介词的选择 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体中。在这种结构中,"介词"的选择可依据以下几点: (1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。 例Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands? 刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁?(shake hands with...是习惯搭配) (2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。 We'll never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall. 我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。(其中涉及的搭配是 on the day) (3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。 例 He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar. 他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。(其中涉及的搭配是be familiar with) (4)根据句子所要表达的意思。 例We had supper at six o'clock, after which I went to see my uncle. 六点钟我们吃了晚饭,之后我去看了我的叔叔。(由于句意含有"在……之后"的意思,所以用介词after) (5)在非限制性定语从句中表"所有关系"或"整体中的一部分"时常用介词 of。 例 He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful. 他写了大概20部小说,其中这部是最成功的。 知识点2关系代词的确定 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中,介词前置时,关系代词不能用that 和 who。如果先行词是人,关系代词应用 whom或who;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which。介词后置时,限制性定语从句中which可用that替换,whom也可用 who 替换,且都可省略。 例Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter? 这就是你写信用的那支钢笔吗? 例This is the man from whom I learnt the news. 我就是从这个人那里了解到那个消息的。 The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. = The problem(which/that) I consulted you about hanow been solved. 我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。 知识点3关系代词副词和介词+关系代词的互换 关系副词可以用"介词+关系代词"来替换。when =at/in/ on + which; where =at/in/on + which; why = for which。 例Do you still remember the day on which( = when) we went to the beach? 你还记得我们去海滩的那一天吗? 例We can't find the house in which( = where) we used to live. 我们找不到曾经住的那座房子了。 例 The reason for which ( = why) he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。 考点五 特殊形式的定语从句 知识点1分割式定语从句 通常情况下,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,但因修辞或习惯表达的需要,有时定语从句和先行词会被谓语、系表结构、状语、插入语等隔开。这类定语从句可称为分隔式定语从句，做此类型的题时,找准先行词是关键。 例Occasions are quite rare when my father offers a hand to my mother in the kitchen. 爸爸帮妈妈在厨房做饭的时候很少。 典例 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,___we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 解析句意:我和朋友们走上山顶,在那里我们欣赏了壮丽的湖景。很多考生误以为空格前的my friends 为先行词,所以误填了 who。其实,先行词是the top of the hill,先行词与定语从句被 with my friends分隔开了。先行词是表示地点的词,且关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导定语从句。 答案where 知识点2省略式定语从句 有些定语从句的一些成分可以是省略，变成介词+关系代词+不定式结构。 例：I have earned enough money with which to buy a computer. 我已经挣够足够的钱用来买电脑 1. 3.真题练习 1. 真题演练 1.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 2.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 3.（2024年北京卷）Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 4.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】as。 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 5.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 2. 名校模拟 1.（江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 2.（2024届福建省三明市一模试题）Within six months, she was assigned to a higher position ________usually took four years to achieve. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在六个月内，她被分配到一个通常需要四年才能获得的更高职位。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词position，先行词为物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 3.（2024届浙江省强基联盟模拟卷）There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China______ goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国考古界有一句俗语，“一页宋版，一两黄金”，指的是这些古籍的重要性和很高的价值。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词saying，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 4.（江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）“There was once a town in the heart of America, __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5.（2024年湖北省宜荆荆随高三联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of have suffered damage to their original binding. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们花了六个月的时间来决定如何修复这些书，其中大部分书的原始装订都遭到了破坏。分析句子可知，空处和most of搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词books作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作of的宾语，因此应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 6.（2024届河北省百师联盟高三联考）The 19th China International Cultural Industries Fair kicked off in Shenzhen in South China's Guangdong province on June 7, 2023, is expected to promote the development of the country's cultural industry. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语，指代整个句子内容。 ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$