精品解析：北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中英语试题

北师大二附中2023—2024学年高二年级第二学期 英语期中测试题 说明： 本试卷共10页，115分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分） 词义匹配 A.抵抗 B. 禁闭 C. 探讨 D. 担任主演 1. confine________________ 2. resist________________ 3. feature________________ 4. explore________________ 词义匹配 A. 垂直的 B. 完全相同的 C. 营养的 D. 巨大的 5. nutritional________________ 6. identical________________ 7. dramatic________________ 8. vertical________________ 词义匹配 A. 致命的 B. 人工的 C. 杰出的 D. 冷淡的 9. distant________________ 10. fatal________________ 11. artificial________________ 12. exceptional________________ 词义匹配 A. 毕业证书 B. 间隔 C. 优势 D. 重力 13. gravity________________ 14. edge________________ 15. diploma________________ 16. interval________________ 词义匹配 A. 试验 B. 格式 C. 理由 D. 差异 17. form________________ 18. ground________________ 19. variation________________ 20. trial________________ 二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Good Custodian I know a woman who tries hard to be a good custodian. I pass her every day after school as she pushes her cart down my hallway. Of course, she is my building’s cleaner. One Tuesday morning I came into school and saw a ____21____ on my desk from my custodian. It seemed that some unbearable first year students had damaged the bathroom in a particularly disgusting way and she had been charged to clean it. This took ____22____ than she had expected. She had left the typewritten note on my desk to ____23____ for not being able to clean my room as she was ____24____ to do. At the beginning of the period, I shared her note with my first period class. When I mentioned that our custodian had apologized to us, their first ____25____ was to volunteer to seek out and beat up those first year students for making our custodian have to clean up their mess. It turned out that just about all of my students also knew our custodian by name — all of them responded with smiles and talked for a long time about this time or that time when she’d ____26____ each of them in the hallway. That she felt she needed to apologize earned a strong reaction from many of the kids. As the class period was about to end, I asked them to check the floor like I do every period and thanked them for picking up any garbage even if it wasn’t theirs. My entire class disappeared; they each disappeared instantly ____27____ their desks to pick up those annoying tiny pieces of paper that fall so easily from notebooks. One girl made a comment that I later used with my other classes: “Her job might be to clean the room, but she shouldn’t have to clean up after us. There’s a difference.” I believe that people know the difference between right and wrong. I believe that people appreciate it when others ____28____ take care of them. And I believe that people, even adolescents who are not quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see someone who takes ____29____ in her work. Sometimes we need a ______30______ of the things we take for granted … things like a good custodian to take care of us. 21. A. paper B. handbook C. note D. letter 22. A. shorter B. longer C. more D. less 23 A. apologize B. regret C. appeal D. complain 24. A. recommended B. believed C. approved D. scheduled 25. A. answer B. reaction C. decision D. behavior 26. A. visited B. called C. praised D. greeted 27. A. above B. under C. beyond D. across 28. A. freely B. gently C. hopefully D. sincerely 29. A. advantage B. pride C. action D. chance 30. A. keeper B. caretaker C. reminder D. observer 三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 31. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 32. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 33 Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. B The memory of one particular summer evening is still burned in my brain as if it were yesterday. There was nothing but wide-open fields for miles and miles around our rural Minnesota home. Me never saw strangers not ever and here on this hot evening was a real live one walking up our driveway. A young man, a slightly- built hitchhiker (搭便车的人) approached our door. He knew there was a storm coming, and he desperately needed shelter. Not wanting to intrude on our home and family, he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. Instead of saying yes, my dad loaded us all up in the 1959 Chevrolet: five kids, my mum, and the man. Our family consisted of three older children whose father had died young and three more children from the union or my mother and father. Our older brother Jerry was in the Navy, on a ship somewhere overseas. Our mum and dad worried about him. We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that it Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.” Weeks later, Dad told my uncle about the young man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shouldn’t have taken the risk of having a stranger in our car. My dad replied, “You are absolutely right. I should have invited him into our home.” 34. What does the underlined phrase “intrude on” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Disturb. B. Scare. C. Embarrass. D. Upset. 35. How did the author’s father help the stranger? A. By providing a bed for him in the basement. B. By letting him stay for the night in the car. C. By taking him to a hotel in another town. D. By cooking a hot evening meal for him. 36. What do we know about the author’s family? A. The family had five children in total. B. Jerry was serving in the army in the USA. C. They had no spare room for the hitchhiker. D. Dad wished his elder son to be treated kindly. C If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals — also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil banes that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had, suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were too of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 37. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A. A twisted body. B. A drop in blood pressure. C. A gradual decrease in blood supply. D. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. 38. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______. A. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies B. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones C. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends D. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression 39. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______. A. confirmed his assumption B. disagreed with his assumption C. changed his research objectives D. speeded up his research process 40. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______. A. failed to evolve an anti- decompression means B. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles C. gradually developed measures against the bends D. evolved an anti- decompression means but soon lost it D An 8-year-old boy I know is small for his age, shorter and slighter than his friends, even smaller than his 5-year-old sister. Concerned about the increasing use and possible risks of growth hormone(生长激素), I asked his mother if she’d considered treating him with it. She replied, “Not really. He’s built like his father, who was short and slight as a boy and didn’t shoot up until college.” His father, at 41, is now 6 feet tall, though still very slender. He recalls being a reasonably athletic child but without the physical power of his friends, making up for what he lacked in mass with speed and agility. “I enjoyed competitive sports and worked on skills others didn’t have,” he told me, and said he encourages his son to recognize and capitalize on the skills he has. If only every parent with a short but healthy child approached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that 60% to 80% of children who are short for their age do not have a growth hormone deficiency(缺乏) or other medical condition that limits growth. But knowing there’s a therapy available to increase height, some parents seek a medical solution for a perceived problem, even when there is no medical abnormality. They should also know, however, that new research has linked growth hormone treatment to serious unfavorable health effects years later. Dr. Adda Grimberg, a doctor at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, recalled that “Twenty years ago, families were focused on health. They came in with a child who was not growing right and wanted to know if there was an underlying disease. Now, more and more, they’re focused on height. They want growth hormone, looking for a specific height. But this is not like online shopping; you can’t just place an order and make a child the height you want.” In 2003, the Food and Drug Administration approved use of recombinant human growth hormone for the condition known as “idiopathic short stature”, or short build of unknown cause, which is not a disease. But it has caused a growing number of parents to consider using the hormone to boost the height of their children. The resulting rush to therapy reflects concerns about a widespread societal bias(偏见) against shortness, rather than a true medical need. Experts have noted that the practice backs up the belief that short stature is unacceptable, leading to an increasing demand for therapy. It is far better, Dr. Grimberg suggested, to help a short child develop coping skills than to buy inches through medicine. 41. As for the parents’ attitude to their 8-year-old boy’s shortness, the author is ________. A. critical B. tolerant C. supportive D. worried 42. How do many parents today react to their children’s shortness? A. They are eager to get the expected result. B. They spare no effort to sort out the cause. C. They feel disturbed by their children’s health. D. They help develop their children’s coping skills. 43. What can we learn about the growth hormone treatment? A. It might be officially recommended. B. It may fuel height discrimination. C. It is pushed by a medical need. D. It is targeted at certain diseases. 44. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Shower the Short with Growth Hormones B. Find Replacement for Growth Hormones C. Assess the Effects of Growth Hormones D. Weigh the Use of Growth Hormones 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Giant Panda Is No Longer Endangered A leading international group has taken the giant panda off its endangered list thanks to decades of conservation efforts, but China's government is unwilling to accept the change, saying it did not view the status of the country's beloved symbol as any less serious. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said in a report that the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” species, reflecting its growing numbers in the wild in southern China.___45___That is the result of work by Chinese agencies to carry out hunting bans and expand forest reserves. In a statement, China's State Forestry Administration said that it doubted the classification change because pandas' natural habitats have been mainly separated by human causes.The animals live in small, isolated groups of as few as 10 pandas that struggle to reproduce and face the risk of disappearing altogether.If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss.___46___Therefore, we're not being alarmist (危言耸听的) by continuing to emphasize the panda species' endangered status. ___47___John Howard, a senior official at World Society for the Protection of Animals, expressed his satisfaction over the effective measures taken by the Chinese government.The Chinese government and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) first established the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province in 1980.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade.___48___ Over the last few decades, international groups and the Chinese government have worked to save wild pandas and breed them in face of their extinction.It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification.___49___ A. As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost. B. The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004. C. Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas. D. Panda has long been a symbol of China and the global conservation movement. E. And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now. F. Some pandas have been sent to zoos around the world as a gesture of Chinese diplomatic goodwill. G. It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together. 四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 comfort; absorb; subject; track down; locate; result in 50. Chess can be an extremely ____________ game. 51. We know that taste in art is a（n）____________ matter. 52. The college is ____________ at the foot of the mountain. 53. While exercise is beneficial for the human body, too much may ____________ injuries. 54. He is not good at socializing. He’s more ____________ with computers than with people. 用方框中词或词组适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次(每组有一个多余的选项)。 encourage; logic; stare at; qualify; register; keep up with 55. Jane is well ____________ for this teaching job. 56 It is difficult ____________ the rapid pace of change. 57. Computer programming needs someone with a(n)____________ mind. 58. Her ____________ and support strengthened our determination to win. 59. If you want to take a book out of the library, you need first to fill in and submit a(n)____________ form for a library card. 五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____60____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____61____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____62____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____63____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____64____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____65____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____66____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____67____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____68____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____69____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous. 六、阅读表达（共4小题；第70、71每题2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 70. Why can’t some people apologize? 71. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 72. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 73. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 七、书面表达（满分15分） 74. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一门选修课； 2. 说明推荐理由； 3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北师大二附中2023—2024学年高二年级第二学期 英语期中测试题 说明： 本试卷共10页，115分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 一、词汇（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分） 词义匹配 A.抵抗 B. 禁闭 C. 探讨 D. 担任主演 1 confine________________ 2. resist________________ 3. feature________________ 4. explore________________ 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【1题详解】 confine， 动词，意为“禁闭;限制”，与B项“禁闭”意思一致。故选B项。  【2题详解】  resist， 动词，意为“抵抗；反抗”，与A项“抵抗”意思一致。故选A项。 【3题详解】  feature，动词，意为“担任主演；以……为特色”，与D项“担任主演”意思一致。故选D项。 【4题详解】 explore，动词，意为“探讨；探索”，与C项“探讨”意思一致。故选C项。 词义匹配 A. 垂直的 B. 完全相同的 C. 营养的 D. 巨大的 5. nutritional________________ 6. identical________________ 7. dramatic________________ 8. vertical________________ 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 【解析】 【5题详解】 nutritional，形容词，意为“营养的”，与C项“营养的”意思一致，故选C项。 【6题详解】  identical，形容词，意为“完全相同的”，与B项“完全相同的”意思一致，故选B项。 【7题详解】 dramatic，形容词，意为“巨大的”，与D项“巨大的”意思一致，故选D项。 【8题详解】 vertical，形容词，意为“垂直的”，与A项“垂直的”意思一致，故选A项。 词义匹配 A. 致命的 B. 人工的 C. 杰出的 D. 冷淡的 9. distant________________ 10. fatal________________ 11. artificial________________ 12. exceptional________________ 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 【解析】 【9题详解】  distant, 形容词, 意为“冷淡的”, 故选D项。  【10题详解】 fatal, 形容词, 意为“致命的”, 故选A项。 【11题详解】 artificial, 形容词, 意为“人工的”，故选B项。 【12题详解】 exceptional, 形容词, 意为“杰出的”, 故选C项。 词义匹配 A. 毕业证书 B. 间隔 C. 优势 D. 重力 13. gravity________________ 14. edge________________ 15. diploma________________ 16. interval________________ 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【13题详解】 gravity, 名词, 汉语含义为“重力”,  D项“重力”与该词含义一致, 故选D项。 【14题详解】 edge, 名词, 汉语含义为“优势”, C项“优势”与该词含义一致, 故选C项。  【15题详解】 diploma, 名词, 汉语含义为“毕业证书”,  A项“毕业证书”与该词含义一致, 故选A项。 【16题详解】 interval, 名词, 汉语含义为“间隔”, B项“间隔”与该词含义一致, 故选B项。 词义匹配 A. 试验 B. 格式 C. 理由 D. 差异 17. form________________ 18. ground________________ 19. variation________________ 20. trial________________ 【答案】17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【17题详解】 form， 名词， 汉语含义为“格式”，与B项“格式”与该词含义一致， 故选B项。 【18题详解】 ground， 名词， 汉语含义为“理由”，与C项“理由”与该词含义一致， 故选C项。 【19题详解】 variation，名词， 汉语含义为“差异”，与D项“差异”与该词含义一致，故选D项。 【20题详解】 trial，名词，汉语含义为“试验”，与A项“试验”与该词含义一致，选A项。 二、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Good Custodian I know a woman who tries hard to be a good custodian. I pass her every day after school as she pushes her cart down my hallway. Of course, she is my building’s cleaner. One Tuesday morning I came into school and saw a ____21____ on my desk from my custodian. It seemed that some unbearable first year students had damaged the bathroom in a particularly disgusting way and she had been charged to clean it. This took ____22____ than she had expected. She had left the typewritten note on my desk to ____23____ for not being able to clean my room as she was ____24____ to do. At the beginning of the period, I shared her note with my first period class. When I mentioned that our custodian had apologized to us, their first ____25____ was to volunteer to seek out and beat up those first year students for making our custodian have to clean up their mess. It turned out that just about all of my students also knew our custodian by name — all of them responded with smiles and talked for a long time about this time or that time when she’d ____26____ each of them in the hallway. That she felt she needed to apologize earned a strong reaction from many of the kids. As the class period was about to end, I asked them to check the floor like I do every period and thanked them for picking up any garbage even if it wasn’t theirs. My entire class disappeared; they each disappeared instantly ____27____ their desks to pick up those annoying tiny pieces of paper that fall so easily from notebooks. One girl made a comment that I later used with my other classes: “Her job might be to clean the room, but she shouldn’t have to clean up after us. There’s a difference.” I believe that people know the difference between right and wrong. I believe that people appreciate it when others ____28____ take care of them. And I believe that people, even adolescents who are not quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see someone who takes ____29____ in her work. Sometimes we need a ______30______ of the things we take for granted … things like a good custodian to take care of us. 21. A. paper B. handbook C. note D. letter 22. A. shorter B. longer C. more D. less 23. A. apologize B. regret C. appeal D. complain 24. A. recommended B. believed C. approved D. scheduled 25 A. answer B. reaction C. decision D. behavior 26. A. visited B. called C. praised D. greeted 27. A. above B. under C. beyond D. across 28. A. freely B. gently C. hopefully D. sincerely 29. A. advantage B. pride C. action D. chance 30. A. keeper B. caretaker C. reminder D. observer 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述一位尽职尽责的清洁员向作者道歉未能按时打扫房间，以及学生们对此事的积极反应，展现了人们对认真工作者的欣赏和尊重，强调了即使是青少年也能明辨是非，懂得感恩他人的付出，并呼吁人们珍视那些被视为理所当然的关怀和服务，比如一位优秀的清洁员。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个星期二的早上，我来到学校，看到我的桌子上有一张来自管理员的便条。A. paper论文；B. handbook手册；C. note纸条；D. letter信件。根据下文“the typewritten note on my desk”她给我留了一张纸条，故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这花费的时间比她预期的要长。A. shorter更短的；B. longer更长的；C. more更多的；D. less较少的。根据下文“She had left the typewritten note on my desk to ____3____ for not being able to clean my room as she was ____4____ to do.”可知，她留下纸条道歉没能按时帮我清理教室，由此可推知清理浴室所需时间比她预期的更长，故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A. apologize道歉；B. regret遗憾；C. appeal吸引；D. complain投诉。根据下文“our custodian had apologized to us”可知，她是留下纸条给我道歉的，故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把打字的便条留在了我的桌子上，为未能按计划打扫我的房间而道歉。A. recommended推荐；B. believed相信；C. approved批准；D. scheduled预定。根据“for not being able to clean my room as she was ____4____ to do.”可知，清洁工原本是安排好要清理教室的，be scheduled to为固定短语，意为“按计划”，故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我提到我们的清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的第一反应是自愿寻找并殴打那些一年级学生，因为他们让我们的清洁员得不清理他们的烂摊子。A. answer回答；B. reaction反应；C. decision决定；D. behavior行为。根据“When I mentioned that our custodian had apologized to us, their first ____5____ was to volunteer to seek out and beat up those first year students”可知，当我提到清洁员向我们道歉时，他们的遏第一反应是去找那些一年的学生，故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我几乎所有的学生都知道我们的清洁员的名字——他们都微笑着回应，并就她在走廊上向他们每个人打招呼的这一次或那一次谈了很长时间。A. visited拜访；B. called打电话；C. praised称赞；D. greeted打招呼。根据上文“It turned out that just about all of my students also knew our custodian by name— all of them responded with smiles”可知，几乎所有学生知道清洁员的没可能工资，在走廊上遇到时会微笑回应并与清洁员打招呼，故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的整个班级都消失了;他们每个人都立即消失在桌子下，捡起那些容易从笔记本上掉下来的烦人的小纸片。A. above在……上；B. under在……下；C. beyond超过；D. across穿过。根据下文“to pick up those annoying tiny pieces of paper”可知，学生们是迅速钻到桌子底下捡垃圾，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当别人真诚地照顾他们时，人们会感激它。A. freely自由地；B. gently清清地；C. hopefully希望；D. sincerely真诚地。根据“I believe that people appreciate it when others ____8____ take care of them”可知，此处是指学生们会感激真诚照顾他们的人，故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信，当人们，甚至是还不太成熟的青少年看到有人为自己的工作感到自豪时，他们会很感激。A. advantage优势；B. pride骄傲；C. action行动；D. chance机会。根据“And I believe that people, even adolescents’ who are not quite yet mature, appreciate it when they see someone who takes ____9____ in her work.”可知，人们会感激那些为自己的工作感到骄傲的人，take pride in为固定短语，表示“以……为傲”，故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时我们需要一个提醒者来提醒我们这些我们认为理所当然的事情。A. keeper看守人；B. caretaker看门人；C. reminder提醒的人；D. observer观察者。根据下文“of the things we take for granted … things like a good custodian to take care of us.”可知，我们需要像哪位清洁员一样的提醒者，时时提醒我们不要把所有的事情都当成理所当然，故选C项。 三、阅读理解（共两节；满分38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 31. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 32. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 33. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 【点睛】 B The memory of one particular summer evening is still burned in my brain as if it were yesterday. There was nothing but wide-open fields for miles and miles around our rural Minnesota home. Me never saw strangers not ever and here on this hot evening was a real live one walking up our driveway. A young man, a slightly- built hitchhiker (搭便车的人) approached our door. He knew there was a storm coming, and he desperately needed shelter. Not wanting to intrude on our home and family, he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. Instead of saying yes, my dad loaded us all up in the 1959 Chevrolet: five kids, my mum, and the man. Our family consisted of three older children whose father had died young and three more children from the union or my mother and father. Our older brother Jerry was in the Navy, on a ship somewhere overseas. Our mum and dad worried about him. We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that it Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.” Weeks later, Dad told my uncle about the young man. My uncle suggested that perhaps my dad shouldn’t have taken the risk of having a stranger in our car. My dad replied, “You are absolutely right. I should have invited him into our home.” 34. What does the underlined phrase “intrude on” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Disturb. B. Scare. C. Embarrass. D. Upset. 35. How did the author’s father help the stranger? A. By providing a bed for him in the basement. B. By letting him stay for the night in the car. C. By taking him to a hotel in another town. D. By cooking a hot evening meal for him. 36. What do we know about the author’s family? A. The family had five children in total. B. Jerry was serving in the army in the USA. C. They had no spare room for the hitchhiker. D. Dad wished his elder son to be treated kindly. 【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲在一个即将下暴雨的夏日帮助一个陌生人的故事。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Not wanting to intrude on our home and family, he asked my dad if he could sleep in our basement for the night for protection from the rain. (他不想……我们的家和家人，他问我爸爸是否可以在我们的地下室睡一晚，以防下雨。)”可知，这个陌生人应该是不想打扰作者的家人，询问是否可以住在地下室；由此猜测，划线词的意思是“打扰”，与Disturb(打扰)同义。故选A项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段中“We drove him 10 miles to the next town, where Dad bought the man a room for the night along with a hot evening meal. (我们开车带他到10英里外的下一个城镇，在那里爸爸给他买了一个房间过夜，还给他买了一顿热腾腾的晚餐。)”可知，作者的父亲通过带这个陌生人去了另一个城镇的旅馆来帮助他。故选C项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In the car after we dropped off the stranger, I heard my dad say to my mum, “I just hope that it Jerry ever needs anything, this kindness will be returned to him.” (在我们把陌生人送下车后的车上，我听到我爸爸对我妈妈说：“我只希望杰瑞需要任何东西，这种善意会归还给他。)”可知，爸爸希望他的大儿子受到善待。故选D项。 C If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air-breathing animals — also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil banes that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had, suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly — and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile- free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were too of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator — and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 37. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A. A twisted body. B. A drop in blood pressure. C. A gradual decrease in blood supply. D. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. 38. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______. A. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies B. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones C. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends D. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression 39. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4______. A. confirmed his assumption B. disagreed with his assumption C. changed his research objectives D. speeded up his research process 40. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______. A. failed to evolve an anti- decompression means B. died out because of large sharks and crocodiles C. gradually developed measures against the bends D. evolved an anti- decompression means but soon lost it 【答案】37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了对鱼龙等海洋生物变弯曲的原因的研究。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。第一段“The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body- thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.(如果气泡积聚在关节处，后果就是剧烈疼痛和身体弯曲——因此得名。如果气泡在它的肺部或脑部形成，后果可能是死亡)”可知，遭遇bend的症状是sharp pain and a bent body，即扭曲的身体。故选A。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.(他特别想研究的是鱼龙如何在一亿五千万年间适应减压的问题)”可知，Rothschild教授的研究目的是鱼龙如何适应减压问题，故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. (相反，他惊讶地发现情况恰恰相反)”可知，研究结果与他原本的假设相反，故选B。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti- decompression means, they clearly did so quickly— and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.(如果鱼龙确实进化出了抗减压的能力，那么它们显然进化得太快了——而且最奇怪的是，它们后来就失去了这种能力)”可推知，Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官，故选A。 D An 8-year-old boy I know is small for his age, shorter and slighter than his friends, even smaller than his 5-year-old sister. Concerned about the increasing use and possible risks of growth hormone(生长激素), I asked his mother if she’d considered treating him with it. She replied, “Not really. He’s built like his father, who was short and slight as a boy and didn’t shoot up until college.” His father, at 41, is now 6 feet tall, though still very slender. He recalls being a reasonably athletic child but without the physical power of his friends, making up for what he lacked in mass with speed and agility. “I enjoyed competitive sports and worked on skills others didn’t have,” he told me, and said he encourages his son to recognize and capitalize on the skills he has. If only every parent with a short but healthy child approached the matter as sensibly. Experts estimate that 60% to 80% of children who are short for their age do not have a growth hormone deficiency(缺乏) or other medical condition that limits growth. But knowing there’s a therapy available to increase height, some parents seek a medical solution for a perceived problem, even when there is no medical abnormality. They should also know, however, that new research has linked growth hormone treatment to serious unfavorable health effects years later. Dr. Adda Grimberg, a doctor at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, recalled that “Twenty years ago, families were focused on health. They came in with a child who was not growing right and wanted to know if there was an underlying disease. Now, more and more, they’re focused on height. They want growth hormone, looking for a specific height. But this is not like online shopping; you can’t just place an order and make a child the height you want.” In 2003, the Food and Drug Administration approved use of recombinant human growth hormone for the condition known as “idiopathic short stature”, or short build of unknown cause, which is not a disease. But it has caused a growing number of parents to consider using the hormone to boost the height of their children. The resulting rush to therapy reflects concerns about a widespread societal bias(偏见) against shortness, rather than a true medical need. Experts have noted that the practice backs up the belief that short stature is unacceptable, leading to an increasing demand for therapy. It is far better, Dr. Grimberg suggested, to help a short child develop coping skills than to buy inches through medicine. 41. As for the parents’ attitude to their 8-year-old boy’s shortness, the author is ________. A. critical B. tolerant C. supportive D. worried 42. How do many parents today react to their children’s shortness? A. They are eager to get the expected result. B. They spare no effort to sort out the cause. C. They feel disturbed by their children’s health. D. They help develop their children’s coping skills. 43. What can we learn about the growth hormone treatment? A. It might be officially recommended. B. It may fuel height discrimination. C. It is pushed by a medical need. D. It is targeted at certain diseases. 44. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Shower the Short with Growth Hormones B. Find Replacement for Growth Hormones C. Assess the Effects of Growth Hormones D. Weigh the Use of Growth Hormones 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现在越来越多的家长面对孩子的矮小会想要通过生长激素治疗来达到期望的身高，但其实身材矮小并不是一种疾病，生长激素治疗也会带来很多坏处，作者认为与其这样，还不如帮助矮小的孩子培养应对能力。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“If only every parent with a short but healthy child approached the matter as sensibly.”（如果每个有一个矮小但健康的孩子的父母都能理智地对待这个问题就好了。）可知，对于这对父母对8岁孩子矮小的态度，笔者表示支持。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“Now, more and more, they’re focused on height. They want growth hormone, looking for a specific height. ”（现在，他们越来越关注身高。他们想要生长激素，追求特定的身高。）可知，现在许多父母面对孩子的矮小渴望得到他们预期的结果，想让孩子能长到他们希望的身高。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The resulting rush to therapy reflects concerns about a widespread societal bias(偏见) against shortness, rather than a true medical need. ”（由此产生的仓促求医反映了对普遍存在的对身材矮小的社会偏见的担忧，而不是真正的医疗需求。）可知，生长激素治疗可能加剧身高歧视。故选B。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。文章讲述了现在越来越多的家长面对孩子的矮小会想要通过生长激素治疗来达到期望的身高，但其实身材矮小并不是一种疾病，生长激素治疗也会带来很多坏处，作者认为与其这样，还不如帮助矮小的孩子培养应对能力。所以文章主要是讲在生长激素治疗的使用上应该加以权衡。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Giant Panda Is No Longer Endangered A leading international group has taken the giant panda off its endangered list thanks to decades of conservation efforts, but China's government is unwilling to accept the change, saying it did not view the status of the country's beloved symbol as any less serious. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) said in a report that the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” species, reflecting its growing numbers in the wild in southern China.___45___That is the result of work by Chinese agencies to carry out hunting bans and expand forest reserves. In a statement, China's State Forestry Administration said that it doubted the classification change because pandas' natural habitats have been mainly separated by human causes.The animals live in small, isolated groups of as few as 10 pandas that struggle to reproduce and face the risk of disappearing altogether.If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss.___46___Therefore, we're not being alarmist (危言耸听的) by continuing to emphasize the panda species' endangered status. ___47___John Howard, a senior official at World Society for the Protection of Animals, expressed his satisfaction over the effective measures taken by the Chinese government.The Chinese government and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) first established the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province in 1980.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade.___48___ Over the last few decades, international groups and the Chinese government have worked to save wild pandas and breed them in face of their extinction.It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification.___49___ A. As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost. B. The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004. C. Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas. D. Panda has long been a symbol of China and the global conservation movement. E. And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now. F. Some pandas have been sent to zoos around the world as a gesture of Chinese diplomatic goodwill. G. It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together. 【答案】45. B 46. A 47. C 48. E 49. G 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大熊猫被The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)由“濒危物种”划归“易危物种”，文章分析了出现这一情况的原因等。 【45题详解】 横线前句“the panda is now classified as a “vulnerable” instead of “endangered” specie”提到大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物种”，这是大熊猫数量增加的结果。B项“The wild panda population jumped to 1,864 in 2014 from 1,596 in 2004.”符合三项语境，所以B项正确。 【46题详解】 横线前句“If we relax our conservation work, the populations and habitats of giant pandas would still suffer a great loss.”提到如果放松保护，大熊猫的数量和栖息地会遭受重大损失。后接“因此，我们的成果会很快失去”。A项“As a result, our achievements would be quickly lost.”符合上下文语境，故A项正确。 【47题详解】 前面提到的是The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)对我们的表扬。该空后是World Society for the Protection of Animals和the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)对我们的表扬。C项“Still, other animal protection organizations praised the recovery of the pandas.”符合上下文语境，故C项正确。 【48题详解】 前面提到“.Wild panda numbers have since slowly rebounded as China cracked down on the skin trade”中国政府严厉惩罚了熊猫皮交易，所以该空应该是中国政府的另外的一项保护大熊猫的举措。E项“And China gradually expanded its protected forest areas to cover 1.4 million hectares now.”中国政府拓宽大熊猫的领地属于另外一个保护大熊猫的措施。故E项正确。 【49题详解】 横线前句“It is not surprising that the WWF, whose logo has been a panda since 1961, celebrated the panda's re-classification.”提到the WWF庆祝大熊猫被划归“易危物种”而不是“濒危物质”。而G项“It says that aggressive investment does pay off when science, political will and engagement come together.”解释了熊猫被重新归类的原因。故G项正确。 四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次（每组有一个多余的选项）。 comfort; absorb; subject; track down; locate; result in 50. Chess can be an extremely ____________ game. 51. We know that taste in art is a（n）____________ matter. 52. The college is ____________ at the foot of the mountain. 53. While exercise is beneficial for the human body too much may ____________ injuries. 54. He is not good at socializing. He’s more ____________ with computers than with people. 【答案】50. absorbing 51. subjective 52. located 53. result in 54. comfortable 【解析】 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：国际象棋可能是一种非常吸引人的游戏。根据句意可知，此处表示“吸引人的”，应用形容词absorbing，作定语修饰game。故填absorbing。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们知道艺术品味是一个主观的问题。根据句意可知，此处表示“主观的”，应用形容词subjective，作定语修饰matter。故填subjective。 【52题详解】 考查动词。句意：这所大学位于山脚下。根据句意可知，此处表示“位于”，应用动词locate的过去分词形式located，作表语。故填located。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：虽然锻炼对人体有益，但过度锻炼可能会导致受伤。根据句意可知，此处表示“导致”，应用动词短语result in，may后接动词原形。故填result in。 【54题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他不擅长社交。他与电脑相处起来比与人相处更加自在。根据句意可知，此处表示“自在的，舒适的”，应用形容词comfortable，作表语。故填comfortable。 用方框中词或词组的适当形式完成下列句子，每个词或词组只能用一次(每组有一个多余的选项)。 encourage; logic; stare at; qualify; register; keep up with 55. Jane is well ____________ for this teaching job. 56. It is difficult ____________ the rapid pace of change. 57. Computer programming needs someone with a(n)____________ mind. 58. Her ____________ and support strengthened our determination to win. 59. If you want to take a book out of the library, you need first to fill in and submit a(n)____________ form for a library card. 【答案】55. qualified 56. to keep up with 57. logical 58. encouragement 59. registration 【解析】 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：简完全胜任这项教学工作。根据“for this teaching job”以及句意“胜任”比结合提示词qualify可知应填形容词qualified，作表语。故填qualified。 【56题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：要跟上快速变化的步伐是很难的。根据“the rapid pace of change”以及句意“跟上”可知应填keep up with，此处为不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语。故填to keep up with。 【57题详解】 考查形容词。句意：计算机编程需要有逻辑思维的人。根据“Computer programming”以及句意“逻辑”和提示词中的logic，可知应填形容词logical，修饰名词mind，故填logical。 【58题详解】 考查名词。句意：她的鼓励和支持坚定了我们必胜的决心。根据“and support strengthened our determination to win”以及句意“鼓励”结合提示词encourage可知应填名词encouragement，作主语，不可数。故填encouragement。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你想把一本书带出图书馆，你需要先填写并提交一张借书证登记表。根据“If you want to take a book out of the library, you need first to fill in and submit”以及句意“登记”结合提示词register可知应填名词registration，作定语修饰名词form。故填registration。 五、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My name is Barbara and I work at a department store. I ____60____(work) there for one year when another Barbara joined the staff. Then I changed my name tag from “Barb” to “Barbie”. ____61____made me feel funny was how small kids talked about me. “Is she really Barbie?” they asked. I changed it at my other job, too and began answering the phone, “This is Barbie. How can I help you?” The callers have gotten used to that over time, ninety percent of ____62____now respond with my name: “Barbie, can you tell me.” Pronouncing that long “e” sound forces your mouth into a smile, but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily. 【答案】60. had worked 61. What 62. whom 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在一家百货公司工作时，另一位和作者同名的人也加入进来的趣事。 【60题详解】 考查时态。句意：我在那里工作了一年之后，另一个Barbara加入了工作。由“when another Barbara joined the staff”可知，当另一个Barbara加入了工作时，“我”已经工作一年了，空格处用过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处是had worked。故填had worked。 【61题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让我觉得好笑的是小孩子们怎么谈论我。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处指“小孩子们怎么谈论我”这件事，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填What。 【62题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，来百货公司的人已经习惯了，现在90%的人对我名字的反应是“芭比，你能告诉我吗？”空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词callers是人，因此空格处用whom，故填whom。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It’s said that for the Englishman, his house is his castle. However, this does not mean that his house is a beautiful palace that others ____63____ (invite) to see. For the British, the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world. It’s a private place in which he goes to hide away ____64____ the troubles of life. To the American, the home is an expression of ____65____ (he). Much money is often spent on each and every room ____66____ (create) the right “feel” according to the person’s lifestyle. Therefore, he is happy to show his house to others. 【答案】63. are invited 64. from 65. himself 66. to create 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“房屋”对英国人和美国人分别意味着什么。 【63题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然而，这并不意味着他的房子是一个美丽的宫殿，其他人都会被邀请来参观。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语others与invite为动宾关系，表示“被邀请”，故需要用到被动语态；文章为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态。故填are invited。 【64题详解】 考查介词。句意：这是他躲避生活烦恼的私人场所。结合句意，表示“躲避”为固定短语hide away from。故填from。 【65题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：对于美国人来说，房屋就是表达他自己的一种方式。结合句意可知，空处需要填反身代词表示“美国人自己”；根据谓语动词is和宾语an expression可知，此处反身代词需要用单数形式，在性别有男有女时，用himself代指。故填himself。 【66题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通常会在每个房间都花很多钱，以根据人们的生活方式来创造一种合适的“感觉”。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is spent，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；结合句意，表示“来……”为目的，故用to do不定式的形式。故填to create。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____67____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____68____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____69____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous. 【答案】67. using 68. drops##will drop 69. highly 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员工作方式，内容和条件。 【67题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。 【68题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。 【69题详解】 考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。 六、阅读表达（共4小题；第70、71每题2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，满分12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 70. Why can’t some people apologize? 71. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 72. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 73. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】70. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 71. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 72. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 73. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(那些不会道歉的人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 【73题详解】 开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. 七、书面表达（满分15分） 74. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一门选修课； 2. 说明推荐的理由； 3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于50； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more. I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice. By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Also, you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible. Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry. What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】本篇是一篇书信类提纲作文，写作时注意以下几点： 1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点：a  推荐一门选修课；b 说明推荐的理由；c 提出学习这门课程的建议。 2.提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析，构思和想象。要依据提示情景和语句，按照一定的逻辑来写。 3.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态，语态，就本文而言，应该用一般现在时。 4.注意使用高级词汇和高级句式，以增加文章的亮点。 5. 提纲性文章难点：扩充成句，因提纲性文章主题内容已经基本列出，在将短句扩充时，要精炼。 【范文亮点】 本文语言精炼，并使用了高级句式，如：you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese.定语从句；By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China.非谓语结构；it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.形式主语结构。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$